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Note C - Finance Receivables, Net | 3 Months Ended
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Jul. 31, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements |
Financing Receivables [Text Block] | C – Finance Receivables, Net The Company originates installment sale contracts from the sale of used vehicles at its dealerships. These installment sale contracts, which carry a fixed interest rate of 18.0% for all states except Arkansas (which is subject to a usury cap of 17.0%),Illinois (where dealerships originate at 19.5% to 21.5%) and Smart Auto dealerships in Tennessee (which originate at up to 23.0%), are collateralized by the vehicle sold and typically provide for payments over periods ranging from 18 to 69 months. The Company’s finance receivables are defined as one segment and one class of loans, which is sub-prime consumer automobile contracts. The level of risks in the Company’s finance receivables is managed as one homogeneous pool. The components of finance receivables are as follows:
(In thousands) |  | July 31, 2023 |  |  | April 30, 2023 |
Gross contract amount |  | $ | 1,843,956 |  |  | $ | 1,752,149 |
Less unearned finance charges |  |  | (403,249 | ) |  |  | (378,777 | )
Principal balance |  |  | 1,440,707 |  |  |  | 1,373,372 |
Less allowance for credit losses |  |  | (314,442 | ) |  |  | (299,608 | )
Finance receivables, net |  |  | 1,126,265 |  |  |  | 1,073,764 |
Loan origination costs |  |  | 727 |  |  |  | 700 |
Finance receivables, net, including loan origination costs |  | $ | 1,126,992 |  |  | $ | 1,074,464 |
Changes in the finance receivables, net are as follows:
|  | Three Months Ended July 31, |
(In thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 1,073,764 |  |  | $ | 863,674 |
Finance receivable originations |  |  | 297,732 |  |  |  | 287,416 |
Finance receivable collections |  |  | (109,291 | ) |  |  | (103,879 | )
Provision for credit losses |  |  | (96,323 | ) |  |  | (76,241 | )
Losses on claims for accident protection plan |  |  | (7,769 | ) |  |  | (6,108 | )
Inventory acquired in repossession and accident protection plan claims |  |  | (31,848 | ) |  |  | (35,422 | )
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 1,126,265 |  |  | $ | 929,440 |
Changes in the finance receivables allowance for credit losses are as follows:
|  | Three Months Ended July 31, |
(In thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 299,608 |  |  | $ | 237,823 |
Provision for credit losses |  |  | 96,323 |  |  |  | 76,241 |
Charge-offs |  |  | (112,745 | ) |  |  | (87,166 | )
Recovered collateral |  |  | 31,256 |  |  |  | 28,938 |
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 314,442 |  |  | $ | 255,836 |
Amounts recovered from previously written-off accounts were approximately $640,000 and $587,000 for the three months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022. Our allowance for credit losses increased during the quarter by $14.8 million or 5%. Structural changes to our portfolio driven by higher vehicle costs and longer term lengths continue to drive an increase in the provision for credit losses. The charge-offs net of recovered collateral were impacted by a higher frequency of losses compared to the prior year as well as a higher severity of losses driven by the higher selling price and longer term contracts. Credit quality information for finance receivables is as follows:
(Dollars in thousands) |  | July 31, 2023 |  |  | April 30, 2023 |  |  | July 31, 2022 |
|  | Principal |  |  | Percent of |  |  | Principal |  |  | Percent of |  |  | Principal |  |  | Percent of |
|  | Balance |  |  | Portfolio |  |  | Balance |  |  | Portfolio |  |  | Balance |  |  | Portfolio |
Current |  | $ | 1,151,275 |  |  |  | 79.91 | % |  | $ | 1,166,860 |  |  |  | 84.96 | % |  | $ | 990,391 |  |  |  | 83.56 | %
3 - 29 days past due |  |  | 226,600 |  |  |  | 15.73 | % |  |  | 156,943 |  |  |  | 11.43 | % |  |  | 151,953 |  |  |  | 12.82 | %
30 - 60 days past due |  |  | 48,650 |  |  |  | 3.38 | % |  |  | 37,214 |  |  |  | 2.71 | % |  |  | 33,576 |  |  |  | 2.83 | %
61 - 90 days past due |  |  | 9,294 |  |  |  | 0.65 | % |  |  | 8,407 |  |  |  | 0.61 | % |  |  | 6,675 |  |  |  | 0.56 | %
> 90 days past due |  |  | 4,888 |  |  |  | 0.34 | % |  |  | 3,948 |  |  |  | 0.29 | % |  |  | 2,681 |  |  |  | 0.23 | %
Total |  | $ | 1,440,707 |  |  |  | 100.00 | % |  | $ | 1,373,372 |  |  |  | 100.00 | % |  | $ | 1,185,276 |  |  |  | 100.00 | %
Accounts one and two days past due are considered current for this analysis, due to the varying payment dates and variation in the day of the week at each period end. Delinquencies may vary from period to period based on the average age of the portfolio, seasonality within the calendar year, the day of the week, and overall economic factors. The above categories are consistent with internal operational measures used by the Company to monitor credit results. Substantially all of the Company’s automobile contracts involve contracts made to individuals with impaired or limited credit histories, or higher debt-to-income ratios than permitted by traditional lenders. Contracts made with buyers who are restricted in their ability to obtain financing from traditional lenders generally entail a higher risk of delinquency, default and repossession, and higher losses than contracts made with buyers with better credit. The Company monitors customer scores, contract term length, down payment percentages, and collections for credit quality indicators.
|  | Three Months Ended July 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Average total collected per active customer per month |  | $ | 535 |  |  | $ | 516 |
Principal collected as a percent of average finance receivables |  |  | 7.8 | % |  |  | 9.1 | %
Average down-payment percentage |  |  | 5.0 | % |  |  | 5.4 | %
Average originating contract term (in months) |  |  | 44.7 |  |  |  | 42.8 |
|  | As of |
|  | July 31, 2023 |  |  | July 31, 2022 |
Portfolio weighted average contract term, including modifications (in months) |  |  | 46.9 |  |  |  | 44.0 |
Although total dollars collected per active customer increased 3.7% year over year, principal collections as a percentage of average finance receivables were lower in the current year quarter compared to the prior year quarter primarily due to the average term increases. Overall collections have also been negatively impacted by the current inflationary environment. The portfolio weighted average contract term increased primarily due to the increased average selling price, up $734 or 4.1%, from the prior year period. When customers apply for financing, the Company’s proprietary scoring model relies on the customers’ credit histories and certain application information to evaluate and rank their risk. The Company obtains credit histories and other credit data that includes information such as number of different addresses, age of oldest record, high risk credit activity, job time, time at residence and other factors. The application information that is used includes income, collateral value and down payment. The scoring models yield credit grades that represent the relative likelihood of repayment. Customers with the highest probability of repayment are rated 6. Customers assigned a lower grade are determined to have a lower probability of repayment. For loans that are approved, the credit grade influences the terms of the agreement, such as the maximum amount financed, term length and minimum down payment. After origination, credit grades are generally not updated. The Company uses a combination of the initial credit grades and historical performance to monitor the credit quality of the finance receivables on an ongoing basis, and the accuracy of the scoring model is validated periodically. Loan performance is reviewed on a recurring basis to identify whether the assigned grades adequately reflect the customers’ likelihood of repayment. The following table presents a summary of finance receivables by credit quality indicator segregated by customer score and charge-offs as of July 31, 2023.
|  |  | As of July 31, 2023 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  |  | Fiscal Year of Origination |  |  | Prior to |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer Rating |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | Total |  |  | % |
1-2 |  |  | $ | 14,450 |  |  | $ | 30,477 |  |  | $ | 9,911 |  |  | $ | 1,821 |  |  | $ | 227 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 56,914 |  |  |  | 4.0 | %
3-4 |  |  | $ | 105,595 |  |  | $ | 241,759 |  |  | $ | 84,065 |  |  | $ | 17,510 |  |  | $ | 1,044 |  |  | $ | 311 |  |  | $ | 450,284 |  |  |  | 31.3 | %
5-6 |  |  | $ | 176,815 |  |  | $ | 486,594 |  |  | $ | 215,403 |  |  | $ | 50,180 |  |  | $ | 3,665 |  |  | $ | 852 |  |  | $ | 933,509 |  |  |  | 64.8 | %
Total |  |  | $ | 296,860 |  |  | $ | 758,830 |  |  | $ | 309,379 |  |  | $ | 69,511 |  |  | $ | 4,936 |  |  | $ | 1,191 |  |  | $ | 1,440,707 |  |  |  | 100.0 | %
Charge-offs |  |  | $ | 3,239 |  |  | $ | 75,308 |  |  | $ | 28,036 |  |  | $ | 5,577 |  |  | $ | 441 |  |  | $ | 144 |  |  | $ | 112,745 |  |  |  |  |
The following table presents a summary of finance receivables by credit quality indicator, as of July 31, 2022, segregated by customer score.
|  |  | As of July 31, 2022 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  |  | Fiscal Year of Origination |  |  | Prior to |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer Rating |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | Total |  |  | % |
1-2 |  |  | $ | 13,884 |  |  | $ | 28,789 |  |  | $ | 8,207 |  |  | $ | 1,283 |  |  | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 52,214 |  |  |  | 4.4 | %
3-4 |  |  | $ | 95,459 |  |  | $ | 208,770 |  |  | $ | 64,427 |  |  | $ | 8,036 |  |  | $ | 313 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 377,026 |  |  |  | 31.8 | %
5-6 |  |  | $ | 176,849 |  |  | $ | 420,932 |  |  | $ | 139,152 |  |  | $ | 18,122 |  |  | $ | 939 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 756,036 |  |  |  | 63.8 | %
Total |  |  | $ | 286,192 |  |  | $ | 658,491 |  |  | $ | 211,786 |  |  | $ | 27,441 |  |  | $ | 1,303 |  |  | $ | 63 |  |  | $ | 1,185,276 |  |  |  | 100.0 | %

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