<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001999371-25-018430.txt : 20251124
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20251124070615
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001999371-25-018430
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		14
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20251124
ITEM INFORMATION:		Regulation FD Disclosure
ITEM INFORMATION:		Other Events
FILED AS OF DATE:		20251124
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20251124

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001430306
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	03 Life Sciences
		EIN:				261434750
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			NV
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-36019
		FILM NUMBER:		251509559

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		26 MAIN STREET, SUITE 101
		CITY:			CHATHAM
		STATE:			NJ
		ZIP:			07928
		BUSINESS PHONE:		212-980-9155

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		26 MAIN STREET, SUITE 101
		CITY:			CHATHAM
		STATE:			NJ
		ZIP:			07928

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	TAMANDARE EXPLORATIONS INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20080320
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<p style="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>UNITED STATES&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>Washington, D.C. 20549</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CURRENT REPORT</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Date of report (date of earliest event reported):
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 20pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b><span id="xdx_903_edei--EntityRegistrantName_c20251124__20251124_zday99wETcHh"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-11-24" id="Fact000011" name="dei:EntityRegistrantName">TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.</ix:nonNumeric></span></b>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 12pt 0 0; text-align: justify">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing
is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction
A.2. below):</p>


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to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_900_edei--PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_c20251124__20251124_zoA9wS8lrevg"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-11-24" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000024" name="dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span> Pre-commencement communications pursuant
to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 12pt 0 0; text-align: justify">Securities registered pursuant
to Section 12(b) of the Act:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 12pt 0 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 12pt 0 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether
the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167; 230.405 of this chapter) or
Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167; 240.12b-2 of this chapter).&#160;</p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 12pt 0 0; text-align: justify">Emerging growth company <span id="xdx_907_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20251124__20251124_z7GRcskRZ8L8"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-11-24" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000028" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 12pt 0 0; text-align: justify">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check
mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting
standards provided pursuant to Section&#160;13(a) of the Exchange Act. &#9744;</p>



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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 12pt 0 0; text-align: justify"></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 12pt 0 0; text-align: justify"></p>


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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item 7.01</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 90%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Regulation FD Disclosure.</b></span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 12pt 0 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On November 24, 2025, Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;)
announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (&#8220;FDA&#8221;) cleared the Investigational New Drug (&#8220;IND&#8221;) application
to support clinical development of the Company&#8217;s TNX-102 SL (cyclobenzaprine HCl sublingual tablets) 5.6 mg product candidate for
the treatment of major depressive disorder (&#8220;MDD&#8221;) in adults. A copy of the press release which discusses this matter is furnished
hereto as Exhibit 99.01, and incorporated herein by reference.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 12pt 0 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The information in this Item 7.01
of this Current Report on Form&#160;8-K, including Exhibit 99.01 attached hereto, shall not be deemed &#8220;filed&#8221; for purposes
of Section 18 of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the &#8220;Exchange Act&#8221;) or otherwise subject to the liabilities
of that section, nor shall they be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the United States Securities Act of 1933 or the
Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 12pt 0 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 10%"><b>Item 8.01.</b></td><td style="width: 90%"><b>Other Events.</b></td></tr></table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On November 24, 2025, the Company announced that the FDA cleared the IND
application to support clinical development of TNX-102 SL 5.6 mg for the treatment of MDD in adults. The pharmacological profile of TNX-102
SL is designed to target the disruptive sleep often associated with MDD. The potentially pivotal Phase 2 HORIZON study is a 6-week, randomized,
double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of TNX-102 SL as a first line monotherapy in adults with MDD. The Company expects approximately
360 patients will be enrolled at approximately 30 U.S. sites. Eligible participants are 18 years or older and currently experiencing a
moderate to severe major depressive episode. The HORIZON study will compare TNX-102 SL 5.6 mg, taken sublingually at bedtime, to placebo,
with the primary endpoint being the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale-II total score change from baseline at Week 6. Secondary
endpoints include global impression scores, anxiety ratings, and measures of sleep disturbance. The Company plans to initiate enrollment
of the study in mid-year 2026.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 12pt 0 0"><i>Forward-Looking Statements</i>&#160;</p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 12pt 0 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This Current Report on Form 8-K
contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 and Private Securities Litigation Reform Act, as amended, including those relating to the Company&#8217;s product
development, clinical trials, clinical and regulatory timelines, market opportunity, competitive position, possible or assumed future
results of operations, business strategies, potential growth opportunities and other statement that are predictive in nature. These forward-looking
statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about the industry and markets in which we operate
and management&#8217;s current beliefs and assumptions.</p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 12pt 0 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">These statements may be identified
by the use of forward-looking expressions, including, but not limited to, &#8220;expect,&#8221; &#8220;anticipate,&#8221; &#8220;intend,&#8221;
&#8220;plan,&#8221; &#8220;believe,&#8221; &#8220;estimate,&#8221; &#8220;potential,&#8221; &#8220;predict,&#8221; &#8220;project,&#8221;
&#8220;should,&#8221; &#8220;would&#8221; and similar expressions and the negatives of those terms. These statements relate to future
events or our financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors which may cause actual results,
performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the
forward-looking statements. Such factors include those set forth in the Company&#8217;s filings with the SEC. Prospective investors are
cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this press release. The Company
undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.&#160;</p>

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    <td style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 90%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Financial Statements and Exhibits.</b></span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

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    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; width: 13%">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>Exhibit</b></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>No.</b></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 83%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Description.</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><a href="ex99-01.htm">99.01</a></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">104</p></td>
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    <td style="vertical-align: top">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Press Release of the Company, dated November 24, 2025</p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)</p></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 12pt 0 0; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURE</b></p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 12pt 0 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirement of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto
duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 12pt 0 0; text-align: justify"></p>


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    <td colspan="3"><b>TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.</b></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="3">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="width: 51%; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt">Date: November 24, 2025</td>
    <td style="width: 3%">By: </td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 23%">/s/ Bradley Saenger</td>
    <td style="width: 23%">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">Bradley Saenger</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">Chief Financial Officer</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 12pt 0 0"></p>

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<TYPE>EX-99.01
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<FILENAME>ex99-01.htm
<DESCRIPTION>PRESS RELEASE
<TEXT>
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<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin-bottom: 3pt; width: 100%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 2pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><B><A HREF="tnxp-8k_112425.htm">TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP. 8-K</A></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 99.01</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left"><IMG SRC="tonixlogo.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Tonix Pharmaceuticals Announces FDA IND Clearance for Phase 2 Study of TNX-102 SL for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 9pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Tonix plans to initiate potential pivotal Phase 2 HORIZON study of
TNX-102 SL in adults with major depressive disorder in mid-2026</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><I>&nbsp;&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><I>More than 21 million US adults experience a major depressive episode each year</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0">CHATHAM, N.J., Nov 24,&nbsp;2025&nbsp;(GLOBE NEWSWIRE)&nbsp;--&nbsp;Tonix
Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. (Nasdaq:&nbsp;TNXP) (&ldquo;Tonix&rdquo; or the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;), a fully-integrated commercial biotechnology
company, today announced the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has cleared the Investigational New Drug (IND) application to support
clinical development of TNX-102 SL (cyclobenzaprine HCl sublingual tablets) 5.6 mg for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD)
in adults.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0; font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&ldquo;There is a clear need for innovative therapies that address
depression,&rdquo; said Seth Lederman, M.D., Chief Executive Officer of Tonix Pharmaceuticals. &ldquo;We believe TNX-102 SL offers a promising
approach for individuals suffering from MDD. The unique pharmacological profile of TNX-102 SL is designed to target the disruptive sleep which is often associated with depression. Prior studies of TNX-102 SL in fibromyalgia and post-traumatic
stress disorder (PTSD) showed promising signals for improvement of depressive symptoms on the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the Montgomery-Asberg
Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), respectively. We are excited to advance TNX-102 SL and look forward to evaluating its potential as a
new treatment option for those affected by depression.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0">The IND clearance enables Tonix to proceed with the potentially pivotal
Phase 2 HORIZON study, a 6-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of TNX-102 SL as a first-line monotherapy in adults
with MDD. About 360 patients will be enrolled at approximately 30 U.S. sites. Eligible participants are 18 years or older and currently
experiencing a moderate to severe major depressive episode. The study will compare TNX-102 SL 5.6 mg, taken sublingually at bedtime to
placebo, with the primary endpoint being the MADRS total score change from baseline at Week 6. Secondary endpoints include global impression
scores, anxiety ratings, and measures of sleep disturbance. Tonix plans to initiate enrollment of the study in mid-year 2026.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;TNX-102 SL is designed to target the disturbed sleep of depression,
which is a novel mechanism of action,&rdquo; said Gregory Sullivan, M.D., Chief Medical Officer of Tonix Pharmaceuticals. &ldquo;TNX-102
SL has been generally well tolerated in registrational studies of fibromyalgia patients. In the fibromyalgia studies, TNX-102 SL treatment
was associated with a low incidence of side effects common with traditional antidepressants like weight gain, blood pressure changes,
sexual dysfunction and cognitive issues.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 9pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0"><B>About Major Depressive Disorder</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0">Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a prevalent and serious psychiatric illness
that affects adults of all ages, races, and backgrounds. It is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness or loss of interest, along
with symptoms such as sleep and appetite disturbances, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and thoughts of worthlessness or suicide. These
symptoms must last at least two weeks and significantly impair daily functioning. In the United States, more than 21 million adults experience
a major depressive episode each year. While several antidepressant medications are available, many individuals do not achieve adequate
relief or discontinue treatment due to side effects like weight gain, sleep disruption, and sexual dysfunction. MDD is associated with
increased risk of suicide and substantial impairment in quality of life, underscoring the urgent need for new, first-line therapies that
are both effective and well-tolerated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0"><B>About TNX-102 SL</B><BR>
TNX-102 SL is a patented sublingual tablet formulation of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride that enables rapid transmucosal absorption and
reduces production of the persistent active metabolite, norcyclobenzaprine, by bypassing first-pass hepatic metabolism. TNX-102 SL is
a tertiary amine tricyclic (TAT) and multifunctional agent with potent binding and antagonist activities at the 5-HT<SUB>2A</SUB> serotonergic,
&alpha;<SUB>1</SUB>-adrenergic, H<SUB>1</SUB>-histaminergic, and M<SUB>1</SUB>-muscarinic receptors. It is currently FDA approved in the
U.S. as a once-daily bedtime treatment for fibromyalgia in adults under the brand name TONMYA<SUP>TM</SUP> (cyclobenzaprine HCl sublingual
tablets). TNX-102 SL is also in development as a daily bedtime treatment for acute stress reaction/acute stress disorder under an Investigator-initiated
IND. In addition to MDD, Tonix also holds active INDs for the following indications for TNX-102 SL: Long COVID (post-acute sequelae of
COVID-19), PTSD, alcohol use disorder, and agitation in Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease. The United States Patent and Trademark Office issued
United States Patent No. 9636408 in May 2017, Patent No. 9956188 in May 2018, Patent No. 10117936 in November 2018, Patent No. 10357465
in July 2019, and Patent No. 10736859 in August 2020. The Protectic&trade; protective eutectic and Angstro-Technology&trade; formulation
claimed in the patents are important elements of Tonix&rsquo;s proprietary composition. These patents are expected to provide TNX-102
SL U.S. market exclusivity until 2034. Pending patent applications related to method of use could extend exclusivity until 2044.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: windowtext">Tonix
Pharmaceuticals is a fully-integrated biotechnology company with marketed products and a pipeline of development candidates. Tonix markets
FDA-approved TONMYA<SUP>TM</SUP>, a first-in-class, non-opioid analgesic medicine for the treatment of fibromyalgia, a chronic pain condition
that affects millions of adults. TONMYA is the first new prescription medicine approved by the FDA for fibromyalgia in more than 15 years.
TONMYA was investigated as TNX-102 SL. Tonix also markets two treatments for acute migraine in adults: </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">Zembrace&reg;</FONT>&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">SymTouch&reg;
(sumatriptan injection) and Tosymra&reg; (sumatriptan nasal spray)<FONT STYLE="color: windowtext">. Tonix&rsquo;s development portfolio*
is focused on central nervous system (CNS) disorders, immunology, immuno-oncology, rare disease and infectious disease. TNX-102 SL is
being developed to treat acute stress reaction and acute stress disorder under an Investigator-Initiated IND at the University of North
Carolina in the OASIS study funded by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). TNX-102 SL is also in development for major depressive disorder.
Tonix&rsquo;s immunology development portfolio consists of biologics to address organ transplant rejection, autoimmunity and cancer, including
TNX-1500, which is a Phase 2- ready Fc-modified humanized monoclonal antibody targeting CD40-ligand (CD40L or CD154) being developed for
the prevention of allograft rejection and for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Tonix&rsquo;s rare disease portfolio includes TNX-2900,
intranasal oxytocin potentiated with magnesium, in development for Prader-Willi syndrome and expected to start a potential pivotal Phase
2 study in 2026. Tonix&rsquo;s infectious disease portfolio includes TNX-801, a vaccine in development for mpox and smallpox, as well
as TNX-4800, a Phase 2- ready long-acting humanized monoclonal antibody for the seasonal prevention of Lyme disease. Finally, TNX-4200
for which Tonix has a contract with the U.S. DoD&rsquo;s Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) for up to $34 million over five years,
is a small molecule broad-spectrum antiviral agent targeting CD45 for the prevention or treatment of high lethality infections to improve
the medical readiness of military personnel in biological threat environments. Tonix owns and operates a state-of-the art infectious disease
research facility in Frederick, Md.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;<BR></B></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">* Tonix&rsquo;s product development candidates
are investigational new drugs or biologics; their efficacy and safety have not been established and have not been approved for any indication
under development.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">This press release and further information about
Tonix can be found at&nbsp;www.tonixpharma.com.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 9pt Segoe UI, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>Forward Looking Statements</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Certain statements in this press release are forward-looking
within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may be identified by the use of forward-looking
words such as &ldquo;anticipate,&rdquo; &ldquo;believe,&rdquo; &ldquo;forecast,&rdquo; &ldquo;estimate,&rdquo; &ldquo;expect,&rdquo; and
&ldquo;intend,&rdquo; among others. These forward-looking statements are based on Tonix's current expectations and actual results could
differ materially. There are a number of factors that could cause actual events to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking
statements. These factors include, but are not limited to, risks related to the failure to successfully launch and commercialize Tonmya
and any of our approved products; risks related to the failure to obtain FDA clearances or approvals and noncompliance with FDA regulations;
risks related to the timing and progress of clinical development of our product candidates; our need for additional financing; uncertainties
of patent protection and litigation; uncertainties of government or third party payor reimbursement; limited research and development
efforts and dependence upon third parties; and substantial competition. As with any pharmaceutical under development, there are significant
risks in the development, regulatory approval and commercialization of new products. Tonix does not undertake an obligation to update
or revise any forward-looking statement. Investors should read the risk factors set forth in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;SEC&rdquo;) on March 18, 2025, and periodic
reports filed with the SEC on or after the date thereof. All of Tonix's forward-looking statements are expressly qualified by all such
risk factors and other cautionary statements. The information set forth herein speaks only as of the date thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>Investor Contact</B>s</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0">Jessica Morris<BR>
Tonix Pharmaceuticals&nbsp;<BR>
<FONT STYLE="color: Blue">investor.relations@tonixpharma.com</FONT>&nbsp;<BR>
(862) 799-8599&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white">Brian Korb&nbsp;<BR>
astr partners&nbsp;<BR>
<FONT STYLE="color: #242424">(917) 653-5122&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white; color: #0563C1"><FONT STYLE="color: Blue">brian.korb@astrpartners.com</FONT>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white; color: #242424">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0"><B>Media Contacts<BR>
</B>Mary Ann Ondish</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0">Tonix Pharmaceuticals<BR>
<FONT STYLE="color: Blue">maryann.ondish@tonixpharma.com</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0">Ray Jordan&nbsp;<BR>
Putnam Insights&nbsp;<BR>
<FONT STYLE="color: Blue">ray@putnaminsights.com</FONT>&nbsp;<BR>
<BR></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>INDICATION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">TONMYA is indicated for the treatment of fibromyalgia
in adults.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>CONTRAINDICATIONS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">TONMYA is contraindicated:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">In patients with hypersensitivity to cyclobenzaprine
or any inactive ingredient in TONMYA. Hypersensitivity reactions may manifest as an anaphylactic reaction, urticaria, facial and/or tongue
swelling, or pruritus. Discontinue TONMYA if a hypersensitivity reaction is suspected.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">With concomitant use of monoamine oxidase (MAO)
inhibitors or within 14 days after discontinuation of an MAO inhibitor. Hyperpyretic crisis seizures and deaths have occurred in patients
who received cyclobenzaprine (or structurally similar tricyclic antidepressants) concomitantly with MAO inhibitors drugs.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">During the acute recovery phase of myocardial
infarction, and in patients with arrhythmias, heart block or conduction disturbances, or congestive heart failure.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">In patients with hyperthyroidism.</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Embryofetal toxicity: Based on animal data, TONMYA
may cause neural tube defects when used two weeks prior to conception and during the first trimester of pregnancy. Advise females of reproductive
potential of the potential risk and to use effective contraception during treatment and for two weeks after the final dose. Perform a
pregnancy test prior to initiation of treatment with TONMYA to exclude use of TONMYA during the first trimester of pregnancy.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Serotonin syndrome: Concomitant use of TONMYA
with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants,
tramadol, bupropion, meperidine, verapamil, or MAO inhibitors increases the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening
condition. Serotonin syndrome symptoms may include mental status changes, autonomic instability, neuromuscular abnormalities, and/or gastrointestinal
symptoms. Treatment with TONMYA and any concomitant serotonergic agent should be discontinued immediately if serotonin syndrome symptoms
occur and supportive <B>symptomatic treatment should be initiated. </B>If concomitant treatment with TONMYA and other serotonergic drugs
is clinically warranted, careful observation is advised, particularly during treatment initiation or dosage increases.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Tricyclic antidepressant-like adverse reactions:
Cyclobenzaprine is structurally related to TCAs. TCAs have been reported to produce arrhythmias, sinus tachycardia, prolongation of the
conduction time leading to myocardial infarction and stroke. If clinically significant central nervous system (CNS) symptoms develop,
consider discontinuation of TONMYA. Caution should be used when TCAs are given to patients with a history of seizure disorder, because
TCAs may lower the seizure threshold. Patients with a history of seizures should be monitored during TCA use to identify recurrence of
seizures or an increase in the frequency of seizures.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Atropine-like effects: Use with caution in patients
with a history of urinary retention, angle-closure glaucoma, increased intraocular pressure, and in patients taking anticholinergic drugs.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">CNS depression and risk of operating a motor vehicle
or hazardous machinery: TONMYA monotherapy may cause CNS depression. Concomitant use of TONMYA with alcohol, barbiturates, or other CNS
depressants may increase the risk of CNS depression. Advise patients not to operate a motor vehicle or dangerous machinery until they
are reasonably certain that TONMYA therapy will not adversely affect their ability to engage in such activities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Oral mucosal adverse reactions: In clinical studies
with TONMYA, oral mucosal adverse reactions occurred more frequently in patients treated with TONMYA compared to placebo. Advise patients
to moisten the mouth with sips of water before administration of TONMYA to reduce the risk of oral sensory changes (hypoesthesia). Consider
discontinuation of TONMYA if severe reactions occur.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>ADVERSE REACTIONS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">The most common adverse reactions (incidence <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&ge;</FONT>2%
and at a higher incidence in TONMYA-treated patients compared to placebo-treated patients) were oral hypoesthesia, oral discomfort, abnormal
product taste, somnolence, oral paresthesia, oral pain, fatigue, dry mouth, and aphthous ulcer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>DRUG INTERACTIONS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">MAO inhibitors: Life-threatening interactions
may occur.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Other serotonergic drugs: Serotonin syndrome has
been reported.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">CNS depressants: CNS depressant effects of alcohol,
barbiturates, and other CNS depressants may be enhanced.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Tramadol: Seizure risk may be enhanced.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Guanethidine or other similar acting drugs: The
antihypertensive action of these drugs may be blocked.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Pregnancy: Based on animal data, TONMYA may cause
fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. The limited amount of available observational data on oral cyclobenzaprine use in pregnancy
is of insufficient quality to inform a TONMYA-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes.
Advise pregnant women about the potential risk to the fetus with maternal exposure to TONMYA and to avoid use of TONMYA two weeks prior
to conception and through the first trimester of pregnancy. Report pregnancies to the Tonix Medicines, Inc., adverse-event reporting line
at 1-888-869-7633 (1-888-TNXPMED).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Lactation: A small number of published cases report
the transfer of cyclobenzaprine into human milk in low amounts, but these data cannot be confirmed. There are no data on the effects of
cyclobenzaprine on a breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should
be considered along with the mother&rsquo;s clinical need for TONMYA and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from TONMYA
or from the underlying maternal condition.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Pediatric use: The safety and effectiveness of
TONMYA have not been established.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Geriatric patients: Of the total number of TONMYA-treated
patients in the clinical trials in adult patients with fibromyalgia, none were 65 years of age and older. Clinical trials of TONMYA did
not include sufficient numbers of patients 65 years of age and older to determine whether they respond differently from younger adult
patients.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Hepatic impairment: The recommended dosage of
TONMYA in patients with mild hepatic impairment (HI) (Child Pugh A) is 2.8 mg once daily at bedtime, lower than the recommended dosage
in patients with normal hepatic function. The use of TONMYA is not recommended in patients with moderate HI (Child Pugh B) or severe HI
(Child Pugh C). Cyclobenzaprine exposure (AUC) was increased in patients with mild HI and moderate HI compared to subjects with normal
hepatic function, which may increase the risk of TONMYA-associated adverse reactions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>Please see additional safety information in
the full Prescribing Information.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>To report suspected adverse reactions, contact
Tonix Medicines, Inc. at 1-888-869-7633, or the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>Indication and Usage</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Zembrace<SUP>&reg;</SUP>&nbsp;SymTouch<SUP>&reg;</SUP>&nbsp;(sumatriptan
succinate) injection (Zembrace) and Tosymra<SUP>&reg;</SUP>&nbsp;(sumatriptan) nasal spray are prescription medicines used to treat acute
migraine headaches with or without aura in adults who have been diagnosed with migraine.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Zembrace and Tosymra are not used to prevent migraines.
It is not known if Zembrace or Tosymra are safe and effective in children under 18 years of age.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>Important Safety Information</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>Zembrace and Tosymra can cause serious side
effects, including heart attack and other heart problems, which may lead to death. Stop use and get emergency help if you have any signs
of a heart attack:</B></P>

<UL STYLE="margin-top: 0in; list-style-type: disc">

<LI STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0">discomfort in the center of your chest that lasts for more than a few minutes or goes away
and comes back</LI>

<LI STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0">severe tightness, pain, pressure, or heaviness in your chest, throat, neck, or jaw</LI>

<LI STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0">pain or discomfort in your arms, back, neck, jaw or stomach</LI>

<LI STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0">shortness of breath with or without chest discomfort</LI>

<LI STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0">breaking out in a cold sweat</LI>

<LI STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0">nausea or vomiting</LI>

<LI STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0">feeling lightheaded</LI>

</UL>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Zembrace and Tosymra are not for people with risk
factors for heart disease (high blood pressure or cholesterol, smoking, overweight, diabetes, family history of heart disease) unless
a heart exam shows no problem.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Do not use Zembrace or Tosymra if you have:</P>

<UL STYLE="margin-top: 0in; list-style-type: disc">

<LI STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0">history of heart problems</LI>

<LI STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0">narrowing of blood vessels to your legs, arms, stomach, or kidney (peripheral vascular disease)</LI>

<LI STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0">uncontrolled high blood pressure</LI>

<LI STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0">hemiplegic or basilar migraines. If you are not sure if you have these, ask your provider.</LI>

<LI STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0">had a stroke, transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), or problems with blood circulation</LI>

<LI STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0">severe liver problems</LI>

<LI STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0">taken any of the following medicines in the last 24 hours: almotriptan, eletriptan, frovatriptan,
naratriptan, rizatriptan, ergotamines, or dihydroergotamine. Ask your provider for a list of these medicines if you are not sure.</LI>

<LI STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0">are taking certain antidepressants, known as monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A inhibitors or it has
been 2 weeks or less since you stopped taking a MAO-A inhibitor. Ask your provider for a list of these medicines if you are not sure.</LI>

<LI STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0">an allergy to sumatriptan or any of the components of Zembrace or Tosymra</LI>

</UL>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Tell your provider about all of your medical conditions
and medicines you take, including vitamins and supplements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Zembrace and Tosymra can cause dizziness, weakness,
or drowsiness. If so, do not drive a car, use machinery, or do anything where you need to be alert.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Zembrace and Tosymra may cause serious side effects
including:</P>

<UL STYLE="margin-top: 0in; list-style-type: disc">

<LI STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0">changes in color or sensation in your fingers and toes</LI>

<LI STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0">sudden or severe stomach pain, stomach pain after meals, weight loss, nausea or vomiting, constipation
or diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, fever</LI>

<LI STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0">cramping and pain in your legs or hips; feeling of heaviness or tightness in your leg muscles;
burning or aching pain in your feet or toes while resting; numbness, tingling, or weakness in your legs; cold feeling or color changes
in one or both legs or feet</LI>

<LI STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0">increased blood pressure including a sudden severe increase even if you have no history of
high blood pressure</LI>

<LI STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0">medication overuse headaches from using migraine medicine for 10 or more days each month. If
your headaches get worse, call your provider.</LI>

<LI STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0">serotonin syndrome, a rare but serious problem that can happen in people using Zembrace or
Tosymra, especially when used with anti-depressant medicines called SSRIs or SNRIs. Call your provider right away if you have: mental
changes such as seeing things that are not there (hallucinations), agitation, or coma; fast heartbeat; changes in blood pressure; high
body temperature; tight muscles; or trouble walking.</LI>

<LI STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0">hives (itchy bumps); swelling of your tongue, mouth, or throat</LI>

<LI STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0">seizures even in people who have never had seizures before</LI>

</UL>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">The most common side effects of Zembrace and Tosymra
include: pain and redness at injection site (Zembrace only); tingling or numbness in your fingers or toes; dizziness; warm, hot, burning
feeling to your face (flushing); discomfort or stiffness in your neck; feeling weak, drowsy, or tired; application site (nasal) reactions
(Tosymra only) and throat irritation (Tosymra only).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Tell your provider if you have any side effect
that bothers you or does not go away. These are not all the possible side effects of Zembrace and Tosymra. For more information, ask your
provider.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">This is the most important information to know
about Zembrace and Tosymra but is not comprehensive. For more information, talk to your provider and read the Patient Information and
Instructions for Use. You can also visit https://www.tonixpharma.com or call 1-888-869-7633.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">You are encouraged to report adverse effects of
prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit&nbsp;www.fda.gov/medwatch, or call 1-800-FDA-1088.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt/115% Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></P>

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        <link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="tnxp-20251124_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:title="Label Links" />
      </appinfo>
    </annotation>
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-types/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-types-2025.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31" schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31/types.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2025/country-2025.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-types-2025.xsd" />
</schema>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>tnxp-20251124_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL LABEL FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="no"?>
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Generator; Value: GoFiler Complete; Version: 6.3a -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: https://www.novaworks.com -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
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    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedPeriodStartLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedPeriodStartLabel" />
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    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTerseLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/net-2009-12-16.xsd#netLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Quarterly Report</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Report</link:label>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>tnxp-20251124_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL PRESENTATION FILE
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<head>
<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 24, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Nov. 24,  2025<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-36019<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001430306<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">26-1434750<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">NV<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">26 Main Street<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Chatham<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">NJ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">07928<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(862)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">799-8599<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">TNXP<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14a<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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