Discloure of Significant Accounting Policies

Description of accounting policy for investments in joint ventures [text block]

Investment in joint venture

A joint venture is a type of joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the net assets of the joint venture. Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control of an arrangement, which exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require unanimous consent of the parties sharing control.

The Company's investment in its joint venture is accounted for using the equity method. Under the equity method, the investment in a joint venture is initially recognised at cost. The carrying amount of the investment is adjusted to recognise changes in the Company's share of net assets of the joint venture since the acquisition date. Goodwill relating to the joint venture is included in the carrying amount of the investment and is not tested for impairment individually.

The consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) reflects the Company's share of the results of operations of the joint venture. Any change in other comprehensive income (loss) of those investees is presented as part of the Company's other comprehensive income (loss). In addition, when there has been a change recognised directly in the equity of the joint venture, the Company recognises its share of any changes, when applicable, in the consolidated statements of changes in equity. Unrealized gains and losses resulting from transactions between the Company and the joint venture are eliminated to the extent of the interest in the joint venture.

The financial statements of the joint venture are prepared for the same reporting period as the Company. When necessary, adjustments are made to bring the accounting policies in line with those of the Company.

Description of accounting policy for exploration and evaluation expenditures [text block]

Mineral exploration, evaluation and development expenditures

All direct costs related to the acquisition of exploration rights are capitalized on a property-by-property basis. The Company assesses the carrying costs for impairment when indicators of impairment exist. All other exploration and evaluation expenditures are charged to operations until such time as it has been determined that a property has economically recoverable reserves, in which case subsequent exploration and evaluation costs and the costs incurred to develop a property are capitalized into mineral properties. On the commencement of production, depletion of each mineral property will be provided on a units-of-production basis using estimated reserves as the depletion base.

Description of accounting policy for income tax [text block]

Income taxes

Income tax expense represents the sum of tax currently payable and deferred tax. Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted at the end of each reporting period. Deferred income tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences, at the end of each reporting period, between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes.

Deferred income tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences, except:

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where the deferred income tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss; and

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in respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, where the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred income tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses, to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized except:

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where the deferred income tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss; and

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in respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, deferred income tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilized.

The carrying amount of deferred income tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred income tax asset to be utilized. Unrecognized deferred income tax assets are reassessed at the end of each reporting period and are recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profit will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the end of each reporting period. Deferred income tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is recognized in equity and not in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss).

Deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities are offset if, and only if, a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity or different taxable entities which intend to either settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis, or to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously, in each future period in which significant amounts of deferred tax assets or liabilities are expected to be settled or recovered.

Description of accounting policy for impairment of financial assets [text block]

Impairment of financial assets

The Company assesses at the end of each reporting period whether a financial asset is impaired.

At each reporting date, the Company assesses the expected credit loss associated with its financial assets carried at amortized cost and debt instruments measured at FVTOCI. The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk. Changes in allowances for expected credit losses are recognized as impairment gains or losses on the statement of loss.

Description of accounting policy for fair value measurement [text block]

Fair value of financial instruments

The fair value of financial instruments that are traded in active markets at each reporting date are determined by reference to quoted market prices or dealer price quotations (bid price for long positions and ask price for short positions), without any deduction for transaction costs.

For financial instruments not traded in an active market, the fair value is determined using appropriate valuation techniques. Such techniques may include using recent arm's length market transactions; reference to the current fair value of another instrument that is substantially the same; a discounted cash flow analysis or other valuation models.

Description of accounting policy for leases [text block]

Leases

At the inception of a contract, the Company assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease based on whether the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company has elected not to recognize right of use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less and leases of low-value assets. The lease payments associated with short-term leases are recognized as expenses on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company recognizes a lease liability and a right-of-use asset at the lease commencement date. Leases are recognized as a right-of-use asset and a corresponding liability as at the date at which the leased asset is available for use by the Company. Each lease payment is allocated between the liability and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to consolidated statements of loss and other comprehensive income over the lease term so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period. The right-of-use asset is depreciated over the shorter of the asset's useful life and the lease term on a straight-line basis. Assets and liabilities arising from a lease are initially measured on a present value basis. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease. If that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company's incremental borrowing rate is used, being the rate that the Company would have to pay to borrow the funds necessary to obtain an asset of similar value in a similar economic environment with similar terms and conditions.

Description of accounting policy for decommissioning, restoration and rehabilitation provisions [text block]

Rehabilitation provisions

The Company recognizes liabilities for statutory, contractual, constructive or legal obligations, including those associated with the reclamation of exploration and evaluation assets and property and equipment, when those obligations result from the acquisition, construction, development or normal operation of the asset. Rehabilitation provisions are measured at the present value of the expected expenditures required to settle the obligation using a discount rate reflecting the time value of money and risks specific to the liability. Upon initial recognition of the liability, the present value of the estimated cost is capitalized by increasing the carrying amount of the related assets. Over time, the discounted liability is increased based on the unwind of the discount rate. The periodic unwinding of the discount is recognized in profit or loss as a finance cost. Additional disturbances or changes in rehabilitation costs will be recognized as additions or charges to the corresponding assets and rehabilitation liability when they occur. Changes in the estimated timing of rehabilitation or changes to the estimated future costs are dealt with prospectively by recognising an adjustment to the rehabilitation liability and a corresponding adjustment to the asset to which it relates.

Description of accounting policy for transactions with related parties [text block]

Related party transactions

Parties are considered to be related if one party has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Parties are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control. Related parties may be individuals or corporate entities. A transaction is considered to be a related party transaction when there is a transfer of resources or obligations between related parties.

Description of accounting policy for property, plant and equipment [text block]

Property and equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. Property and equipment are depreciated over an estimated useful life as follows:

Buildings and Camp Structures	5 to 20 years
Exploration equipment	5 years
Vehicles	5 years
Furniture and fixtures	5 years
Computer equipment	3 years
Computer software	1 year

When an item of property and equipment has different useful lives, the components are accounted for as separate items of property and equipment. Expenditures incurred to replace a component of an item of property and equipment that is accounted for separately, including major inspection and overhaul expenditures are capitalized if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss as incurred.

Disclosure of accounting policy for judgements and estimates explanatory [text block]

Significant Accounting Judgments and Estimates

The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management to make accounting policy judgments, make estimates and form assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its judgments and estimates in relation to assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Management uses historical experience and various other factors it believes to be reasonable under the given circumstances as the basis for its judgments and estimates. Actual outcomes may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions.

Information about judgements made in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effects on the amounts recognised in the consolidated financial statements is as follows:

Existence of impairment indicators for exploration and evaluation assets

In accordance with the Company's accounting policy, all direct costs related to the acquisition of exploration rights are capitalized on a property-by-property basis. There is no certainty that costs incurred to acquire exploration rights will result in discoveries of commercial quantities of minerals. The Company applies judgment to determine whether indicators of impairment exist for these capitalized costs.

Management uses several criteria in making this assessment, including the period for which the Company has the right to explore, expected renewals of exploration rights, whether substantive expenditures on further exploration and evaluation of mineral properties are budgeted, and evaluation of the results of exploration and evaluation activities up to the reporting date. As at November 30, 2023 the Company has concluded no impairment indicators exist for any of its exploration and evaluation assets, except for its Rio Novo concessions (Surubim Project), which were written down to $nil during the year ended November 30, 2023.