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Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Fair Value Measures and Disclosures  
Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]
16)        Fair Value of Financial Instruments


Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. GAAP also specifies a fair value hierarchy based upon the observability of inputs used in valuation techniques. Observable inputs (highest level) reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs (lowest level) reflect internally developed market assumptions. Fair value measurements are classified under the following hierarchy:


Level 1: Financial assets and financial liabilities whose values are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market that we can access.


Level 2: Financial assets and financial liabilities whose values are based on the following:
a) Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;
b) Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in non-active markets; or
c) Valuation models whose inputs are observable, directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.


Level 3: Financial assets and financial liabilities whose values are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. These inputs may reflect our estimates of the assumptions that market participants would use in valuing the financial assets and financial liabilities.


The Company utilizes a combination of third party valuation service providers, brokers, and internal valuation models to determine fair value.


The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating the fair value disclosures related to other significant financial instruments:


The items shown under Level 1 and Level 2 are valued as follows:


Securities Available for Sale and Held to Maturity: The fair values of investments in fixed maturity and equity securities along with methods used to estimate such values are disclosed in Note 2.
 
Restricted Assets of the Cemeteries and Mortuaries: A portion of these assets include mutual funds and equity securities that have quoted market prices. Also included are cash and cash equivalents and participations in mortgage loans. The carrying amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet for these financial instruments approximate their fair values.


Cemetery Perpetual Care Trust Investments:  A portion of these assets include equity securities that have quoted market prices. Also included are cash and cash equivalents. The carrying amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet for these financial instruments approximate their fair values.


Call Options: The fair values along with methods used to estimate such values are disclosed in Note 2.


The items shown under Level 3 are valued as follows:


Investment-Type Insurance Contracts:  Future policy benefit reserves for interest-sensitive insurance products are computed under a retrospective deposit method and represent policy account balances before applicable surrender charges. Policy benefits and claims that are charged to expense include benefit claims incurred in the period in excess of related policy account balances. Interest crediting rates for interest-sensitive insurance products ranged from 4% to 6.5%. The fair values for the Company’s liabilities under investment-type insurance contracts (disclosed as policyholder account balances and future policy benefits – annuities) are estimated based on the contracts’ cash surrender values.


The fair values for the Company’s insurance contracts other than investment-type contracts are not required to be disclosed. However, the fair values of liabilities under all insurance contracts are taken into consideration in the Company’s overall management of interest rate risk, such that the Company’s exposure to changing interest rates is minimized through the matching of investment maturities with amounts due under insurance contracts.


Interest Rate Lock Commitments: The Company’s mortgage banking activities enters into interest rate lock commitments with potential borrowers and forward commitments to sell loans to third-party investors. The Company also implements a hedging strategy for these transactions. A mortgage loan commitment binds the Company to lend funds to a qualified borrower at a specified interest rate and within a specified period of time, generally up to 30 days after inception of the mortgage loan commitment. Mortgage loan commitments are defined to be derivatives under generally accepted accounting principles and are recognized at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet with changes in their fair values recorded as part of other comprehensive income from mortgage banking operations.


Bank Loan Interest Rate Swaps: Management considers the interest rate swap instruments to be an effective cash flow hedge against the variable interest rate on bank borrowings since the interest rate swap mirrors the term of the note payable and expires on the maturity date of the bank loan it hedges. The interest rate swaps are a derivative financial instruments carried at its fair value. The fair value of the interest rate swap was derived from a proprietary model of the bank from whom the interest rate swap was purchased and to whom the note is payable.


Mortgage Loans on Real Estate: The fair values are estimated using interest rates currently being offered for similar loans to borrowers with similar credit ratings. Loans with similar characteristics are aggregated for purposes of the calculations. The carrying amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet for these financial instruments approximate their fair values.


Other Real Estate Owned Held for Investment and Held for Sale: The Company believes that in an orderly market fair value will approximate the replacement cost of a home and the rental income provides a cash flow stream for investment analysis. The Company believes the highest and best use of the properties are as income producing assets since it is the Company’s intent to hold the properties as rental properties, matching the income from the investment in rental properties with the funds required for future estimated policy claims. Accordingly, the fair value determination will be weighted more heavily toward the rental analysis.


It should be noted that for replacement cost, when determining the fair value of mortgage properties, the Company uses Marshall and Swift, a provider of building cost information to the real estate construction industry. For the investment analysis, the Company used market data based upon its real estate operation experience and projected the present value of the net rental income over seven years. The Company used 60% of the projected cash flow analysis and 40% of the replacement cost to approximate fair value of the collateral.


In addition to this analysis performed by the Company, the Company depreciates Other Real Estate Owned Held for Investment.  This depreciation reduces the book value of these properties and lessens the exposure to the Company from further deterioration in real estate values.


The following table summarizes Level 1, 2 and 3 financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by their classification in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2011.

 

      
Quoted Prices
       
      
in Active
  
Significant
  
Significant
 
      
Markets for
  
Observable
  
Unobservable
 
      
Identical Assets
  
Inputs
  
Inputs
 
   
Total
  
(Level 1)
  
(Level 2)
  
(Level 3)
 
Assets accounted for at fair value on a
            
recurring basis
            
Non-redeemable preferred stock
 $18,438  $18,438  $-  $- 
Common stock
  6,280,954   6,280,954   -   - 
Total securities available for sale
  6,299,392   6,299,392   -   - 
Restricted assets of cemeteries and mortuaries
  548,761   548,761         
Cemetery perpetual care trust investments
  617,107   617,107   -   - 
Derivatives - interest rate lock commitments
  1,904,901   -   -   1,904,901 
Total assets accounted for at fair value on a
                
   recurring basis
 $9,370,161  $7,465,260  $-  $1,904,901 
                  
Liabilities accounted for at fair value
                
on a recurring basis
                
Policyholder account balances
 $(50,926,020) $-  $-  $(50,926,020)
Future policy benefits - annuities
  (65,281,586)  -   -   (65,281,586)
Derivatives  - bank loan interest rate swaps
  (117,812)  -   -   (117,812)
 - call options
  (80,102)  (80,102)  -   - 
 - interest rate lock commitments
  (210,360)  -   -   (210,360)
Total liabilities accounted for at fair value
                
on a recurring basis
 $(116,615,880) $(80,102) $-  $(116,535,778)


Following is a summary of changes in the consolidated balance sheet line items measured using level 3 inputs:



   
Policyholder Account Balances
  
Future Policy Benefits - Annuities
  
Interest Rate Lock Commitments
  
Bank Loan Interest Rate Swaps
 
              
Balance - December 31, 2010
 $(52,340,807) $(65,936,445) $873,059  $(116,533)
                  
Total Losses (Gains):
                
                  
Included in earnings
  1,414,787   654,859   -   - 
                  
Included in other
                
comprehensive income (loss)
  -   -   821,482   (1,279)
                  
Balance - December 31, 2011
 $(50,926,020) $(65,281,586) $1,694,541  $(117,812)
 

The following tables summarize Level 1, 2 and 3 financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis by their classification in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2011.

 

      
Quoted Prices
       
      
in Active
  
Significant
  
Significant
 
      
Markets for
  
Observable
  
Unobservable
 
      
Identical Assets
  
Inputs
  
Inputs
 
   
Total
  
(Level 1)
  
(Level 2)
  
(Level 3)
 
Assets accounted for at fair value on a
            
nonrecurring basis
            
Investment in securities held-to-maturity
 $-  $-  $-  $- 
Mortgage loans on real estate
  5,354,600   -   -   5,354,600 
Other real estate owned held for investment
  5,419,103   -   -   5,419,103 
Other real estate owned held for sale
  514,000   -   -   514,000 
Total assets accounted for at fair value on a
                
   nonrecurring basis
 $11,287,703  $-  $-  $11,287,703 
 
The following table summarizes Level 1, 2 and 3 financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by their classification in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2010.
 
      
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
  
Significant
Observable
Inputs
  
Significant
Unobservable Inputs
 
   
Total
  
(Level 1)
  
(Level 2)
  
(Level 3)
 
Assets accounted for at fair value on a
            
recurring basis
            
Non-redeemable preferred stock
 $16,058  $16,058  $-  $- 
Common stock
  6,768,585   6,768,585   -   - 
Total securities available for sale
  6,784,643   6,784,643   -   - 
Restricted assets of cemeteries and mortuaries
  545,433   545,433         
Cemetery perpetual care trust investments
  1,454,694   1,454,694   -   - 
Derivative-interest rate lock commitments
  1,024,587   -   -   1,024,587 
Total assets accounted for at fair value on a
                
   recurring basis
 $9,809,357  $8,784,770  $-  $1,024,587 
                  
Liabilities accounted for at fair value
                
on a recurring basis
                
Policyholder account balances
 $(52,340,807) $-  $-  $(52,340,807)
Future policy benefits - annuities
  (65,936,445)  -   -   (65,936,445)
Derivative - bank loan interest rate swaps
  (116,533)  -   -   (116,533)
 - call options
  (157,319)  (157,319)  -   - 
 - interest rate lock commitments
  (151,528)  -   -   (151,528)
Total liabilities accounted for at fair value
                
on a recurring basis
 $(118,702,632) $(157,319) $-  $(118,545,313)


Following is a summary of changes in the consolidated balance sheet line items measured using level 3 inputs:

 
   
Policyholder Account Balances
  
Future Policy Benefits - Annuities
  
Interest Rate Lock Commitments
  
Bank Loan Interest Rate Swaps
 
              
Balance - December 31, 2009
 $(54,356,491) $(61,407,257) $1,554,711  $(101,206)
                  
Total Losses (Gains):
                
                  
Included in earnings
  2,015,684   (4,529,188)  -   - 
                  
Included in other
                
comprehensive income (loss)
  -   -   (681,652)  (15,327)
                  
Balance - December 31, 2010
 $(52,340,807) $(65,936,445) $873,059  $(116,533)
 
The following tables summarize Level 1, 2 and 3 financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis by their classification in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2010.
 
      
Quoted Prices
       
      
in Active
  
Significant
  
Significant
 
      
Markets for
  
Observable
  
Unobservable
 
      
Identical Assets
  
Inputs
  
Inputs
 
   
Total
  
(Level 1)
  
(Level 2)
  
(Level 3)
 
Assets accounted for at fair value on a
            
nonrecurring basis
            
Investment in securities held-to-maturity
 $346,219  $-  $346,219  $- 
Mortgage loans on real estate
  523,971   -   -   523,971 
Other real estate owned held for investment
  2,158,110   -   -   2,158,110 
Other real estate owned held for sale
  1,444,000   -   -   1,444,000 
Total assets accounted for at fair value on a
                
   nonrecurring basis
 $4,472,300  $-  $346,219  $4,126,081