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5) Stock-based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

5) Stock-based Compensation

5) Stock Compensation Plans

The Company has four fixed option plans (the “2003 Plan”, the “2006 Director Plan”, the “2013 Plan” and the “2014 Director Plan”). Compensation expense for options issued of $58,691 and $102,429 has been recognized for these plans for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $174,831 and $305,741 has been recognized for these plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As of September 30, 2018, the total unrecognized compensation expense related to the options issued was $38,915, which is expected to be recognized over the vesting period of one year.

The fair value of each option granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black Scholes Option Pricing Model. The Company estimates the expected life of the options using the simplified method. Future volatility is estimated based upon the weighted historical volatility of the Company’s Class A common stock over a period equal to the expected life of the options. The risk-free interest rate for the expected life of the options is based upon the Federal Reserve Board’s daily interest rates in effect at the time of the grant.

A summary of the status of the Company’s stock compensation plans as of September 30, 2018, and the changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, are presented below:

		Number of Class A Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Number of Class C Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price

Outstanding at December 31, 2017		880,426		$ 4.35		523,603		$ 5.24
Granted		-				-
Exercised		(36,133)				-
Cancelled		(5,704)				-
Outstanding at September 30, 2018		838,589		$ 4.48		523,603		$ 5.24

As of September 30, 2018:
Options exercisable		805,902		$ 4.46		505,227		$ 5.26

As of September 30, 2018:
Available options for future grant		421,241				165,638

Weighted average contractual term of options
outstanding at September 30, 2018		6.05 years				2.69 years

Weighted average contractual term of options
exercisable at September 30, 2018		6.05 years				2.45 years

Aggregated intrinsic value of options
outstanding at September 30, 2018 (1)		$867,356				$267,943

Aggregated intrinsic value of options
exercisable at September 30, 2018 (1)		$862,157				$260,592


(1) The Company used a stock price of $5.20 as of September 30, 2018 to derive intrinsic value.

A summary of the status of the Company’s stock compensation plans as of September 30, 2017, and the changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, are presented below:

		Number of Class A Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Number of Class C Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price

Outstanding at December 31, 2016		741,973		$ 4.33		556,298		$ 4.61
Granted		-				-
Exercised		-				(103,402)
Cancelled		-				(24,227)
Outstanding at September 30, 2017		741,973		$ 4.33		428,669		$ 5.59

As of September 30, 2017:
Options exercisable		706,854		$ 4.21		407,669		$ 5.50

As of September 30, 2017:
Available options for future grant		525,682				227,750

Weighted average contractual term of options
outstanding at September 30, 2017		6.62 years				2.63 years

Weighted average contractual term of options
exercisable at September 30, 2017		6.50 years				2.55 years

Aggregated intrinsic value of options
outstanding at September 30, 2017 (1)		$941,567				$151,012

Aggregated intrinsic value of options
exercisable at September 30, 2017 (1)		$941,311				$151,012


(1) The Company used a stock price of $5.10 as of September 30, 2017 to derive intrinsic value.

The total intrinsic value (which is the amount by which the fair value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of an option on the exercise date) of stock options exercised during the nine months September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $118,003 and $578,017, respectively.