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23) Revenues From Contracts With Customers

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Notes

23) Revenues From Contracts With Customers

23) Revenues from Contracts with Customers

The Company reports revenues from contracts with customers pursuant to ASC No. 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (See Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements).

Contracts with Customers

Information about Performance Obligations and Contract Balances

The Company’s cemetery and mortuary segment sells a variety of goods and services to customers in both at-need and pre-need situations. Due to the timing of the fulfillment of the obligation, revenue is deferred until that obligation is fulfilled. The total contract liability for future obligations is included in deferred pre-need cemetery and mortuary contract revenues on the consolidated balance sheets and, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balances were $13,203,098 and 13,729,547, respectively.

The Company’s three types of future obligations are as follows:

Pre-need Merchandise and Service Revenue: All pre-need merchandise and service revenue is deferred and the funds are placed in trust until the need arises, the merchandise is received or the service is performed. The trust is then relieved, and the revenue and commissions are recognized. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balances were $12,870,416 and $13,477,075, respectively.

At-need Specialty Merchandise Revenue: At-need specialty merchandise revenue consists of customizable merchandise ordered from a manufacturer such as markers and bases. When specialty merchandise is ordered, it can take time to manufacture and deliver the product. Revenue is deferred until the at-need merchandise is received. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balances were $327,302 and $236,572, respectively. Deferred revenue for at-need specialty revenue is not placed in trust.

Deferred Pre-need Land Revenue: Deferred pre-need revenue and corresponding commissions are deferred until 10% of the funds are received from the customer through regular monthly payments. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balances were $5,380 and $15,900, respectively. Deferred pre-need land revenue is not placed in trust.

Complete payment of the contract does not constitute fulfillment of the performance obligation. Goods or services are deferred until such time the service is performed or merchandise is received. Pre-need contracts are required to be paid in full prior to a customer using a good or service from a pre-need contract. Goods and services from pre-need contracts can be transferred when paid in full from one owner to another. In such cases, the Company will act as an agent in transferring the requested goods and services. A transfer of goods and services does not fulfill an obligation and revenue remains deferred.

The opening and closing balances of the Company’s receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities are as follows:

	Contract Balances
	Receivables (1)	Contract Asset	Contract Liability
Opening (1/1/2018)	$ 3,608,379	$ -	$ 12,873,068
Closing (12/31/2018)	2,816,225	-	12,508,625
Increase/(decrease)	(792,154)	-	(364,443)

(1) Included in Receivables, net on the consolidated balance sheets

The following table disaggregates the opening and closing balances of the Company’s contract assets and contract liabilities.

	Contract Balances
	Contract Asset	Contract Liability
Pre-need merchandise and services	$ -	$ 12,620,596
At-need specialty merchandise	-	236,572
Pre-need land sales	-	15,900
Opening (1/1/2018)	$ -	$ 12,873,068

Pre-need merchandise and services	$ -	$ 12,175,943
At-need specialty merchandise	-	327,302
Pre-need land sales	-	5,380
Closing (12/31/2018)	$ -	$ 12,508,625

The amount of revenue recognized for the year ended December 31, 2018 that was included in the opening contract liability balance was $2,623,903.

The difference between the opening and closing balances of the Company’s contract assets and contract liabilities primarily results from the timing difference between the Company’s performance and the customer’s payment.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table disaggregates revenue for the Company’s cemetery and mortuary contracts.

	Year Ended December 31
	2018
Major goods/service lines
At-need	$ 10,391,976
Pre-need	3,334,542
	$ 13,726,518

Timing of Revenue Recognition
Goods transferred at a point in time	$ 9,100,851
Services transferred at a point in time	4,625,667
	$ 13,726,518

Significant Judgments and Estimates

The Company's cemetery and mortuary segment recognizes revenue on future performance obligations when goods are delivered and when services are performed and is not determined by the terms or payments of the contract as long as any good or service is paid in full prior to delivery. Prices are determined based on the market at the time a contract is created. Goods or services are not partially completed. There are no significant judgements, estimations or allocation methods when revenue should be recognized.

Practical Expedients

The Company's cemetery and mortuary segment uses practical expedients in recognizing revenue for at-need specialty merchandise. At-need specialty merchandise consists of customized markers and bases ordered from a third-party manufacturer. These markers and bases can be ordered for at-need or pre-need contracts once the contract is paid in full. It is difficult to determine the exact point in time when each base and marker is delivered and installed. The Company uses practical expedients in determining when to recognize revenue. A marker is considered shipped and delivered once an invoice from the manufacturer is received requesting payment on the customized merchandise. The company uses the invoice as the method for considering obligations fulfilled on specialty merchandise.

Contract Costs

The Company's cemetery and mortuary segment defers certain costs associated with obtaining a contract on future obligations.

Pre-need Merchandise and Service Revenue: Pre-need merchandise and service revenues are deferred until the goods or services are delivered. Recognition can be years until the obligations are satisfied. Commissions and other costs are capitalized and deferred until the obligation is satisfied. Other costs include rent on pre-need offices and training rooms, and call center costs. Costs that are allocated based on a percentage include family service advisor compensation, bonuses, utilities and supplies that are all used to procure a pre-need sale.

At-need Specialty Merchandise Revenue: At-need specialty merchandise is ordered from a third-party manufacturer. Generally, at-need specialty merchandise is ordered and received within 90 days of order. These orders are also short-term in nature and only commissions are deferred until the product is received from the manufacturer and the obligation is satisfied.

Deferred Pre-need Land Revenue: Revenue is recognized on pre-need land sales when the customer has paid at least 10% toward the land price. In cases, where customers pay less than 10%, the revenue and associated commissions are deferred until such time when 10% of the contract price is received.

The following table disaggregates contract costs that are included in deferred policy and pre-need contract acquisition costs on the consolidated balances sheets.

	Year Ended December 31
	2018
Pre-need merchandise and services	$ 3,575,032
At-need specialty merchandise	15,926
Pre-need land sales	1,237
	$ 3,592,195