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Investment Securities | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2015
Investment Securities [Abstract] |
Investment Securities | 6.Investment Securities The following table shows a comparison of amortized cost and fair values of investment securities at December 31, 2015 and 2014:
(in thousands) | Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | OTTI in AOCL
December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available for Sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government agencies | $ | 34,079 | $ | 14 | $ | 129 | $ | 33,964 | $ | 0
Residential mortgage-backed agencies |  | 14,285 |  | 105 |  | 220 |  | 14,170 |  | 0
Commercial mortgage-backed agencies |  | 43,780 |  | 52 |  | 196 |  | 43,636 |  | 0
Collateralized mortgage obligations |  | 9,690 |  | 43 |  | 123 |  | 9,610 |  | 0
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | 45,949 |  | 915 |  | 223 |  | 46,641 |  | 0
Collateralized debt obligations |  | 25,766 |  | 0 |  | 3,555 |  | 22,211 |  | (799)
Total available for sale | $ | 173,549 | $ | 1,129 | $ | 4,446 | $ | 170,232 | $ | (799)
Held to Maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government agencies | $ | 24,704 | $ | 634 | $ | 0 | $ | 25,338 | $ | 0
Residential mortgage-backed agencies |  | 53,734 |  | 276 |  | 98 |  | 53,912 |  | 0
Commercial mortgage-backed agencies |  | 18,078 |  | 171 |  | 17 |  | 18,232 |  | 0
Collateralized mortgage obligations |  | 6,419 |  | 0 |  | 122 |  | 6,297 |  | 0
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | 2,625 |  | 338 |  | 0 |  | 2,963 |  | 0
Total held to maturity | $ | 105,560 | $ | 1,419 | $ | 237 | $ | 106,742 | $ | 0
December 31, 2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available for Sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. treasuries | $ | 29,607 | $ | 0 | $ | 11 | $ | 29,596 | $ | 0
U.S. government agencies |  | 39,077 |  | 117 |  | 253 |  | 38,941 |  | 0
Residential mortgage-backed agencies |  | 45,175 |  | 510 |  | 412 |  | 45,273 |  | 0
Commercial mortgage-backed agencies |  | 26,007 |  | 53 |  | 103 |  | 25,957 |  | 0
Collateralized mortgage obligations |  | 8,611 |  | 96 |  | 0 |  | 8,707 |  | 0
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | 46,151 |  | 1,413 |  | 260 |  | 47,304 |  | 0
Collateralized debt obligations |  | 37,117 |  | 1,155 |  | 12,933 |  | 25,339 |  | 6,143
Total available for sale | $ | 231,745 |  | 3,344 |  | 13,972 |  | 221,117 |  | 6,143
Held to Maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government agencies | $ | 24,520 | $ | 514 | $ | 0 | $ | 25,034 | $ | 0
Residential mortgage-backed agencies |  | 58,400 |  | 613 |  | 5 |  | 59,008 |  | 0
Commercial mortgage-backed agencies |  | 16,425 |  | 312 |  | 0 |  | 16,737 |  | 0
Collateralized mortgage obligations |  | 7,379 |  | 5 |  | 0 |  | 7,384 |  | 0
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | 2,725 |  | 0 |  | 117 |  | 2,608 |  | 0
Total held to maturity | $ | 109,449 | $ | 1,444 | $ | 122 | $ | 110,771 | $ | 0
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities and the realized gains and losses for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 are as follows:
(in thousands) | 2015 | 2014
Proceeds | $ | 60,598 | $ | 56,838
Realized gains |  | 1,609 |  | 427
Realized losses |  | 4,168 |  | 468
The following table shows the Corporation’s securities with gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized position, at December 31, 2015 and 2014:
| Less than 12 months | 12 months or more
(in thousands) | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses
December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available for Sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government agencies | $ | 23,929 | $ | 129 | $ | 0 | $ | 0
Residential mortgage-backed agencies |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 8,051 |  | 220
Commercial mortgage-backed agencies |  | 25,858 |  | 196 |  | 0 |  | 0
Collateralized mortgage obligations |  | 5,299 |  | 123 |  | 0 |  | 0
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | 11,537 |  | 104 |  | 4,048 |  | 119
Collateralized debt obligations |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 7,688 |  | 3,555
Total available for sale | $ | 66,623 | $ | 552 | $ | 19,787 | $ | 3,894
Held to Maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government agencies | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0
Residential mortgage-backed agencies |  | 11,085 |  | 98 |  | 0 |  | 0
Commercial mortgage-backed agencies |  | 9518 |  | 17 |  | 0 |  | 0
Collateralized mortgage obligations |  | 6297 |  | 122 |  | 0 |  | 0
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0
Total held to maturity | $ | 26,900 | $ | 237 | $ | 0 | $ | 0
December 31, 2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available for Sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. treasuries | $ | 27,096 | $ | 11 | $ | 0 | $ | 0
U.S. government agencies |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 18,819 |  | 253
Residential mortgage-backed agencies |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 17,918 |  | 412
Commercial mortgage-backed agencies |  | 12,298 |  | 97 |  | 973 |  | 6
Collateralized mortgage obligations |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 8,981 |  | 260
Collateralized debt obligations |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 20,290 |  | 12,933
Total available for sale | $ | 39,394 | $ | 108 | $ | 66,981 | $ | 13,864
Held to Maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government agencies | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0
Residential mortgage-backed agencies |  | 3,850 |  | 5 |  | 0 |  | 0
Commercial mortgage-backed agencies |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0
Collateralized mortgage obligations |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 2,608 |  | 117
Total held to maturity | $ | 3,850 | $ | 5 | $ | 2,608 | $ | 117
Management systematically evaluates securities for impairment on a quarterly basis. Based upon application of accounting guidance for subsequent measurement in ASC Topic 320 (ASC Section 320-10-35), management assesses whether (i) the Corporation has the intent to sell a security being evaluated and (ii) it is more likely than not that the Corporation will be required to sell the security prior to its anticipated recovery. If neither applies, then declines in the fair values of securities below their cost that are considered other-than-temporary declines are split into two components. The first is the loss attributable to declining credit quality. Credit losses are recognized in earnings as realized losses in the period in which the impairment determination is made. The second component consists of all other losses, which are recognized in other comprehensive loss. In estimating OTTI losses, management considers (a) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (b) adverse conditions specifically related to the security, an industry, or a geographic area, (c) the historic and implied volatility of the fair value of the security, (d) changes in the rating of the security by a rating agency, (e) recoveries or additional declines in fair value subsequent to the balance sheet date, (f) failure of the issuer of the security to make scheduled interest or principal payments, and (g) the payment structure of the debt security and the likelihood of the issuer being able to make payments that increase in the future. Management also monitors cash flow projections for securities that are considered beneficial interests under the guidance of ASC Subtopic 325-40, Investments – Other – Beneficial Interests in Securitized Financial Assets, (ASC Section 325-40-35). Management believes that the valuation of certain securities is a critical accounting policy that requires significant estimates in preparation of its consolidated financial statements. Management utilizes an independent third party to prepare both the impairment valuations and fair value determinations for its collateralized debt obligation (“CDO“) portfolio consisting of pooled trust preferred securities. Based on management’s review of the third party evaluations, management believes that there were no material differences in the valuations between December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014. U.S. Government Agencies – Available for Sale – There were four U.S. government agencies in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months as of December 31, 2015. There were no U.S. government agencies in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or more. The securities are of the highest investment grade and the Corporation does not intend to sell them, and it is not more likely than not that the Corporation will be required to sell them before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity. Accordingly, management does not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2015. Residential Mortgage-Backed Agencies – Available for Sale - There were no residential mortgage-backed agencies in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months as of December 31, 2015. There was one residential mortgage-backed agency security in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or more. The security is of the highest investment grade and the Corporation does not intend to sell it, and it is not more likely than not that the Corporation will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity. Accordingly, management does not consider this investment to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2015. Commercial Mortgage-Backed Agencies – Available for Sale – There were six commercial mortgage-backed agencies in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months as of December 31, 2015. The securities are of the highest investment grade and the Corporation does not intend to sell them, and it is not more likely than not that the Corporation will be required to sell them before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity. Accordingly, management does not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2015. There were no commercial mortgage-backed agency securities in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or more. Collateralized Mortgage Obligations – Available for Sale – There was one collateralized mortgage obligation in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months as of December 31, 2015. The security is of the highest investment grade and the Corporation does not intend to sell it, and it is not more likely than not that the Corporation will be required to sell it before recovery of its amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity. Accordingly, management does not consider this investment to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2015. There were no collateralized mortgage obligations in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or more. Obligations of State and Political Subdivisions – Available for Sale – There were five obligations of state and political subdivisions that have been in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months at December 31, 2015. There was one security that has been in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or more. These investments are of investment grade as determined by the major rating agencies and management reviews the ratings of the underlying issuers and performs an in-depth credit analysis on the securities. Management believes that this portfolio is well-diversified throughout the United States, and all bonds continue to perform according to their contractual terms. The Corporation does not intend to sell these investments and it is not more likely than not that the Corporation will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity. Accordingly, management does not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2015. Collateralized Debt Obligations – Available for Sale - The $3.6 million in unrealized losses greater than 12 months at December 31, 2015 relates to four pooled trust preferred securities that are included in the CDO portfolio. See Note 24 for a discussion of the methodology used by management to determine the fair values of these securities. Based upon a review of credit quality and the cash flow tests performed by the independent third party, management determined that there were no securities that had credit-related non-cash OTTI charges during 2015. The unrealized losses on the remaining securities in the portfolio are primarily attributable to continued depression in market interest rates, marketability, liquidity and the current economic environment. U.S. Government Agencies – Held to Maturity – There were no U.S. government agencies in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2015. Residential Mortgage-Backed Agencies – Held to Maturity - Nine residential mortgage-backed agencies have been in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months as of December 31, 2015. The securities are of the highest investment grade and the Corporation has the intent and ability to hold the investments to maturity. Accordingly, management does not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2015. There were no residential mortgage-backed agencies in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or more. Commercial Mortgage-Backed Agencies – Held to Maturity – There was one commercial mortgage-backed agency in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months as of December 31, 2015. The security is of the highest investment grade and the Corporation has the intent and ability to hold the investment to maturity. Accordingly, management does not consider this investment to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2015. There were no commercial mortgage-backed agencies in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or more. Collateralized Mortgage Obligations – Held to Maturity – There was one collateralized mortgage obligations in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months as of December 31, 2015. The security is of the highest investment grade and the Corporation has the intent and ability to hold the investment to maturity. Accordingly, management does not consider this investment to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2015. There were no collateralized mortgage obligations in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or more. Obligations of State and Political Subdivisions – Held to Maturity – There were no obligations of state and political subdivisions in the Held to Maturity portfolio as of December 31, 2015 in a loss position. Due to the duration and significant market value decline in the pooled trust preferred securities held in our portfolio, we performed more extensive testing on these securities for purposes of evaluating whether or not an OTTI has occurred. The market for these securities as of December 31, 2015 is not active and markets for similar securities are also not active. The inactivity was evidenced in 2008 first by a significant widening of the bid-ask spread in the brokered markets in which these securities trade and then by a significant decrease in the volume of trades relative to historical levels. The new issue market is also inactive, as no new CDOs have been issued since 2007. There are currently very few market participants who are willing to transact for these securities. The market values for these securities, or any securities other than those issued or guaranteed by the Treasury, are very depressed relative to historical levels. Therefore, in the current market, a low market price for a particular bond may only provide evidence of stress in the credit markets in general rather than being an indicator of credit problems with a particular issue. Given the conditions in the current debt markets and the continued absence of observable transactions in the secondary and new issue markets, management has determined that (i) the few observable transactions and market quotations that are available are not reliable for the purpose of obtaining fair value at December 31, 2015, (ii) an income valuation approach technique (i.e. present value) that maximizes the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizes the use of observable inputs will be equally or more representative of fair value than a market approach, and (iii) the CDO segment is appropriately classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy because management determined that significant adjustments were required to determine fair value at the measurement date. Management utilizes an independent third party to assist the Corporation with both the evaluations of OTTI and the fair value determinations for our CDO portfolio. Management believes that there were no material differences in the impairment evaluations and pricing between December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2015. The approach of the third party to determine fair value involved several steps, including detailed credit and structural evaluation of each piece of collateral in each bond, default, recovery and prepayment/amortization probabilities for each piece of collateral in the bond, and discounted cash flow modeling. The discount rate methodology used by the third party combines a baseline current market yield for comparable corporate and structured credit products with adjustments based on evaluations of the differences found in structure and risks associated with actual and projected credit performance of each CDO being valued. Currently, there is an active and liquid trading market only for stand-alone trust preferred securities. Therefore, adjustments to the baseline discount rate are also made to reflect the additional leverage found in structured instruments. On December 10, 2013, to implement Section 619 of the Dodd-Frank Act, the Treasury, the federal banking regulators including FDIC, and the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) adopted the Volcker Rule. The Volcker Rule prohibits a banking institution from acquiring or retaining an “ownership interest” in a “covered fund”. A “covered fund” is (a) an entity that would be an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, but for the exemptions contained in Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of that Act, (b) a commodity pool with certain characteristics, and/or (c) a non-US entity with certain characteristics that is sponsored or owned by a banking entity located or organized in the US. The term “ownership interest” is defined as “any equity, partnership, or other similar interest.” On January 14, 2014, the federal banking agencies adopted a final interim rule that exempts CDOs from the scope of the Volcker Rule if they were issued in offerings in which, among other things, the proceeds were used primarily to purchase securities issued by depository institutions and their affiliates. In connection with that final interim rule, the agencies published a non-exclusive list of exempt offerings. Of the 12 CDOs held by the Bank, 10 were issued in exempt offerings. The two remaining CDOs are collateralized primarily by securities issued by insurance companies and are not included in the agencies’ list of exempt offerings, which fact required management to make a determination as to whether the CDOs constituted an “ownership interest” in a “covered fund”, such that the Bank would be required to dispose of them pursuant to the Volcker Rule. To make this determination, management conducted a thorough review of the Indentures that govern the CDOs and the other offering materials used by the issuers to offer and sell the CDOs. The Volcker Rule defines an “ownership interest” as an equity, partnership or other similar interest. The CDOs are debt securities (promissory notes) issued by corporations that call for regularly-scheduled payments of principal and interest, with interest calculated either at a fixed-rate or at a rate that is tied to LIBOR. Accordingly, none of the CDOs represent an equity or partnership interest in the issuers. In their adopting rule release, the agencies stated that debt securities evidencing “typical extensions of credit” – those that “provide for payment of stated principal and interest calculated at a fixed rate or at a floating rate based on an index or interbank rate” – do not generally meet the definition of “other similar interest”. To be considered an “other similar interest”, a debt security must exhibit one or more of seven specified characteristics identified in the Volcker Rule on a current, future, or contingent basis. Based on its review, management concluded that the two CDOs evidences “typical extensions of credit” and do not exhibit any of these seven characteristics. Accordingly, management concluded that the two CDOs constitutes an “ownership interest” as defined by the Volcker Rule and that, therefore, as of December 31, 2015, the Corporation has the current intent and ability to hold these CDOs until maturity. During the first quarter of 2014 and following the promulgation of the Volcker Rule, the fair value of the CDO portfolio improved significantly. The improvement was due to several factors including improved financial condition of the issuers, improved cash flows and a lower discount rate. As the issuers resumed payments of previously deferred interest during the quarter, cash flow projections for the securities increased. In addition, the discount rate utilized in the cash flow models was reduced as the base line current market yield for comparable corporate and structured products improved and the projected credit performance of the CDOs improved with favorable market conditions. The resulting increase in cash flow projections over the remaining life of the securities yielded a higher fair market value. The following table presents a cumulative roll-forward of the amount of non-cash OTTI charges related to credit losses which have been recognized in earnings for the trust preferred securities in the CDO portfolio held and not intended to be sold for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014:
(in thousands) | 2015 | 2014
Balance of credit-related OTTI at January 1 | $ | 12,583 | $ | 13,422
Decreases for previously recognized credit-related OTTI |  |  |  |
because there was an intent to sell |  | (10,029) |  | (165)
Additions for decreases in cash flows expected to be collected |  | 602 |  | 0
Reduction for increases in cash flows expected to be collected |  | (23) |  | (674)
Balance of credit-related OTTI at December 31 | $ | 3,133 | $ | 12,583
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of securities by contractual maturity at December 31, 2015 are shown in the following table. Actual maturities will differ from contractual maturities because the issuers of the securities may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
(in thousands) | Amortized Cost | Fair Value
Contractual Maturity |  |  |  |
Available for sale: |  |  |  |
Due in one year or less | $ | 0 | $ | 0
Due after one year through five years |  | 37,577 |  | 37,593
Due after five years through ten years |  | 16,147 |  | 16,676
Due after ten years |  | 52,070 |  | 48,547
|  | 105,794 |  | 102,816
Residential mortgage-backed agencies |  | 14,285 |  | 14,170
Commercial mortgage-backed agencies |  | 43,780 |  | 43,636
Collateralized mortgage obligations |  | 9,690 |  | 9,610
Total available for sale | $ | 173,549 | $ | 170,232
Held to Maturity: |  |  |  |
Due after five years through ten years | $ | 15,604 | $ | 16,116
Due after ten years |  | 11,725 |  | 12,185
|  | 27,329 |  | 28,301
Residential mortgage-backed agencies |  | 53,734 |  | 53,912
Commercial mortgage-backed agencies |  | 18,078 |  | 18,232
Collateralized mortgage obligations |  | 6,419 |  | 6,297
Total held to maturity | $ | 105,560 | $ | 106,742
At December 31, 2015 and 2014, investment securities with a value of $140.0 million and $192.0 million, respectively, were pledged as permitted or required to secure public deposits, for securities sold under agreements to repurchase as required or permitted by law and as collateral for borrowing capacity.

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