<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001171843-22-003568.txt : 20220511
<SEC-HEADER>0001171843-22-003568.hdr.sgml : 20220511
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20220511160023
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001171843-22-003568
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		14
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20220511
ITEM INFORMATION:		Results of Operations and Financial Condition
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20220511
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20220511

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES Corp
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000883107
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	MISCELLANEOUS PRIMARY METAL PRODUCTS [3390]
		IRS NUMBER:				363687863
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	000-22333
		FILM NUMBER:		22913565

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1319 MARQUETTE DRIVE
		CITY:			ROMEOVILLE
		STATE:			IL
		ZIP:			60446
		BUSINESS PHONE:		6303231200

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1319 MARQUETTE DRIVE
		CITY:			ROMEOVILLE
		STATE:			IL
		ZIP:			60446

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19970305
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<TYPE>8-K
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<FILENAME>f8k_051122.htm
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:xbrldi="http://xbrl.org/2006/xbrldi" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:iso4217="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217" xmlns:ix="http://www.xbrl.org/2013/inlineXBRL" xmlns:ixt="http://www.xbrl.org/inlineXBRL/transformation/2015-02-26" xmlns:ixt-sec="http://www.sec.gov/inlineXBRL/transformation/2015-08-31" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021" xmlns:ref="http://www.xbrl.org/2006/ref" xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2021-01-31" xmlns:us-roles="http://fasb.org/us-roles/2021-01-31" xmlns:country="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2021" xmlns:srt="http://fasb.org/srt/2021-01-31"><head><title>Form 8-K</title></head><body style="font-size: 10pt"><div style="display: none;"><ix:header><ix:hidden><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityCentralIndexKey" contextRef="Form8K">0000883107</ix:nonNumeric> <ix:nonNumeric format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:AmendmentFlag" contextRef="Form8K">False</ix:nonNumeric></ix:hidden><ix:references> <link:schemaRef xlink:href="gnw-20190101.xsd" xlink:type="simple"></link:schemaRef> </ix:references> <ix:resources> <xbrli:context id="Form8K"> <xbrli:entity> <xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0000883107</xbrli:identifier> </xbrli:entity> <xbrli:period> <xbrli:startDate>2022-05-11</xbrli:startDate> <xbrli:endDate>2022-05-11</xbrli:endDate> </xbrli:period> </xbrli:context> <xbrli:unit id="USD"> <xbrli:measure>iso4217:USD</xbrli:measure> </xbrli:unit> <xbrli:unit id="Shares"> <xbrli:measure>xbrli:shares</xbrli:measure> </xbrli:unit> <xbrli:unit id="USDPShares"> <xbrli:divide> <xbrli:unitNumerator> <xbrli:measure>iso4217:USD</xbrli:measure> </xbrli:unitNumerator> <xbrli:unitDenominator> <xbrli:measure>xbrli:shares</xbrli:measure> </xbrli:unitDenominator> </xbrli:divide> </xbrli:unit> </ix:resources></ix:header></div><div style="margin-top: 3pt; 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margin-bottom: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt solid;">&#160;</div><div style="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;">&#160;</div><!-- 8-K Items --><div><div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong>Item 2.02. Results of Operations and Financial Condition.</strong></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><p>On May 11, 2022, the Registrant issued a press release, a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1 and is incorporated herein by reference.</p></div></div><div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong>Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.</strong></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><p><a href="exh_991.htm">Exhibit 99.1</a>&#160;&#160;<a href="exh_991.htm">Press release dated May 11, 2022</a></p><p>Exhibit 104&#160; &#160;Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)</p></div></div></div><div style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt solid;">&#160;</div><div style="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;">&#160;</div><!-- Signatures --><p style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">SIGNATURE</p><p style="font-size: 10pt;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</p><table style="width: 100%;" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td>&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;" colspan="2">NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION </td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td style="width: 49%;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%;">&#160;</td><td style="width: 49%;">&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td style="font-size: 10pt;">Date: May 11, 2022</td><td style="font-size: 10pt;">By:&#160;</td><td style="text-decoration: underline; font-size: 10pt;">/s/ Jess Jankowski&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt;">Jess Jankowski</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt;">Chief Executive Officer</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt;"></td></tr></table><!-- Exhibit Index --><div></div><!-- (630) 771-6700  Form 8-KMay 11, 2022 --><p>&#160;</p></body></html>
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"><html lang="en-US"><head><title>EdgarFiling</title><meta content="text/html; charset=windows-1252" ><meta name="GENERATOR" content="MSHTML 8.00.7601.18094" ></head><body bgcolor="#ffffff"><p style="text-align: right;"><strong>EXHIBIT 99.1</strong></p><p style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 14pt;"><strong>Nanophase Reports Record Revenue for First Quarter as it Sets Stage for Strong Year </strong></font></p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong></strong></p><p>
   <p>&#8212; Delivered a record $8.2 million in Q1 revenue&#160; &#160;<br >&#8212; In Beauty Science markets, Sol&#233;sence revenue is up 29% YOY while Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) sales are up 70%&#8239;&#160; <br >&#8212; Added key team members to support growth</p>    <p align="justify">ROMEOVILLE, Ill., May  11, 2022  (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Nanophase Technologies Corporation (OTCQB: NANX), a leader in minerals-based and scientifically-driven health care solutions across beauty and life science categories &#8212; with innovations that protect skin from environmental aggressors and aid in medical diagnostics &#8212; today announced record financial results for the first quarter ended March 31, 2022.&#160;&#160;</p>    <p align="justify">&#8220;We are pleased to report a record $8.2 million in revenue as we start the year off with a profitable quarter, approximately $3 million billed in April, and $24 million in open orders that will carry over in 2022,&#8221; said&#160;Jess Jankowski, Chief Executive Officer. &#8220;Our demand remains strong, with our results limited primarily due to production constraints and, in particular, staffing challenges. To address this, we have been in the process of expanding our staffing and infrastructure to allow us to increase our throughput.&#8221;</p>    <p align="justify">Jankowski continued: &#8220;We&#8217;re in a sweet spot within what our markets want and are making internal investments to expand and accelerate our growth. We&#8217;ve augmented our sales operations group to be able to handle the increasing numbers of products and customers that our growth has created, and we&#8217;ve strategically expanded across other key areas as we continue to add new customers to our portfolio.&#8221;</p>    <p align="justify">Kevin Cureton, Chief Operating Officer, commented: &#8220;After a challenging finish to 2021, I am particularly proud of our team &#8212; including all of our new team members &#8212; as we regained traction to launch over a dozen new products in the quarter. While supply chain challenges &#8212; particularly related to specialty ingredients and packaging &#8212; have made us scramble to meet the demand, our organization&#8217;s flexibility and versatility showed up when it really counted to get these products on the shelves of leading retailers like Sephora, Ulta, Credo, Walmart and Target.&#8221;</p>    <p align="justify">&#8220;The momentum of our finish in Q1 has gotten us off to a fast start in Q2. We expect to continue to show rapid top line growth commensurate with the growth rate we have seen over the past two years,&#8221; Cureton continued. &#8220;More than a half dozen of the Q1 launches are getting great publicity and are up for various awards. As in the past, this type of notoriety helps drive consumer awareness, acceptance and, ultimately, purchase &#8212; which then leads to greater reorders for our Company. It is also an affirmation of our unique ability to deliver best-in-class products, in terms of both enhancing skin health and creating aesthetically beautiful products that consumers want to use again and again.&#160;We&#8217;re excited to discuss more on our market penetration and growth and the operational improvements under way during the upcoming conference call.&#8221;</p>    <p align="justify"><strong><u>Operational Highlights</u></strong></p>    <p align="justify"><strong><em>New Business Expansion&#160;</em></strong></p>    <ul type="disc"><li style="text-align:justify;">In the first quarter, we had 18 new products shipped, with 9 new brand partners included in this count.<br ><br ></li><li style="text-align:justify;">New launches represented approximately 29% of the Sol&#233;sence shipments during Q1.<br ><br ></li><li style="text-align:justify;">All items shipped during Q1 have open orders still due within Q2/Q3.&#160;<br ></li></ul>    <p align="justify"><strong><em>Team Expansion&#160;</em></strong></p>    <ul type="disc"><li style="text-align:justify;">In the first quarter, we hired 30 team members across manufacturing, supply chain and commercial teams. This team expansion supports our ongoing growth as we expand our capabilities and deepen our commitment to supporting the growth of our partners. Notable areas of expansion include:&#160;  <ul type="circle"><li style="text-align:justify;">A 40% increase in staffing related to the production of zinc oxide</li><li style="text-align:justify;">The largest expansion of our sales, marketing and customer service teams in the last 10 years, with a net addition of 6 new team members</li><li style="text-align:justify;">To facilitate greater throughput and further increases in volume, an increase in staffing in our Quality department, which is now at its largest level in the history of the company</li></ul>  </li></ul>    <p align="justify"><strong><em>Production Milestone: Record Monthly Revenue</em></strong></p>    <ul type="disc"><li style="text-align:justify;">In March 2022, we experienced our highest single product revenue month in Company history, approximately $3.8 million.</li><li style="text-align:justify;">Over 1 million units of finished goods were shipped during the first quarter&#160;</li></ul>    <p align="justify"><strong><u>First Quarter Financial Highlights</u></strong><strong><u>&#8239;</u></strong><br ></p>    <ul type="disc"><li style="text-align:justify;">Revenue for the first quarter was $8.2 million, vs. $7.1 million for the same period in 2021,&#8239;a 15% increase.<br ><br ></li><li style="text-align:justify;">Sol&#233;sence revenue was $5.6 million, up 29% from $4.3 million in 2021.<br ><br ></li><li style="text-align:justify;">Personal Care Ingredients revenue was $2.4 million, up 71% from $1.4 million in 2021.<br ></li></ul>    <p align="justify">&#8220;We expect that our growth during the remainder of the year will exceed our Q1 performance in terms of revenue, volume, and profitability,&#8221; continued Jankowski. &#8220;Our expectations are high for the rest of 2022, with plans to exceed $40 million in 2022 revenue, with upside dependent on the timing and success of our planned operational improvements. Kevin and I are looking forward to sharing more in our call tomorrow, and as our strategy drives further growth throughout 2022.&#8221;&#160;</p>    <p align="justify"><strong>Conference Call&#160;&#160;</strong></p>    <p align="justify">Nanophase will host its First Quarter conference call on Thursday, May 12, at 10:00 a.m. CDT, 11:00 a.m. EDT to discuss its financial results and provide a business and financial update.&#8239;&#160;&#160;</p>    <p align="justify">Live audio webcast/conference call:<br >Webcast: https://edge.media-server.com/mmc/p/5so3sk4b<br >U.S. Dial-In Number: 877-312-8776<br >International Dial-In Number: 408-774-4007<br >The conference ID is 1360727.</p>    <p align="justify">Please dial in to the conference at least five minutes before the call is scheduled to begin.&#160;&#160;<br >&#160;&#160;<br >The call may also be accessed through the company&#8217;s website, at www.nanophase.com, by clicking on Investor Relations, Investor News, and the link in the conference call announcement release.</p>    <p align="justify"><strong>FINANCIAL RESULTS AND NON-GAAP INFORMATION</strong><strong>&#8239;</strong><strong>&#160;&#160;</strong><br >&#160;&#160;<br ><strong>Use of Non-GAAP Financial Information&#160;&#160;</strong><br >Nanophase believes that the presentation of results excluding certain items, such as non-cash equity compensation charges, provides meaningful supplemental information to both management and investors, facilitating the evaluation of performance across reporting periods. The Company uses these non-GAAP measures for internal planning and reporting purposes. These non-GAAP measures are not in accordance with, or an alternative for, Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (&#8220;GAAP&#8221;) and may be different from non-GAAP measures used by other companies. The presentation of this additional information is not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for net income or net income per share prepared in accordance with GAAP.&#8239;&#160;&#160;</p>    <p align="justify"><strong>About Nanophase Technologies&#160;&#160;&#160;</strong><br >Nanophase Technologies Corporation (NANX), www.nanophase.com, is a leading innovator in minerals-based and scientifically driven health care solutions across beauty and life science categories, as well as other legacy advanced materials applications. Leveraging a platform of integrated, patented, and proprietary technologies, the Company creates products with unique performance, enhancing consumers' health and well-being. We deliver commercial quantity and quality engineered materials both as ingredients and as part of fully formulated products in a variety of formats.&#8239;&#160;&#160;<br >&#160;&#160;<br ><strong>About Sol&#233;sence Beauty Science&#160;&#160;</strong><br >Sol&#233;sence, LLC, www.solesence.com, a wholly owned subsidiary of Nanophase Technologies, is changing the face of skin health with patented, mineral-based technology that is embraced by leading performance-driven and clean beauty brands alike. Our patented products for brands transform the way mineral actives look, feel and function &#8212; enabling textures never-before-seen in the mineral space and inclusivity never-before-seen in the sun care space. Sol&#233;sence&#8217;s innovative formulations offer best-in-class UV protection, unparalleled free radical prevention to protect against pollution, and enhanced antioxidant performance.&#160;&#160;</p>    <p align="justify"><strong>Forward-Looking Statements</strong><strong>&#8239;</strong><strong>&#160;&#160;</strong><br ><em>This press release contains words such as &#8220;expects,&#8221; shall,&#8221; &#8220;will,&#8221; &#8220;believes,&#8221; and similar expressions that are intended to identify forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Safe Harbor Provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements in this announcement are made based on the Company&#8217;s current beliefs, known events and circumstances at the time of publication, and as such, are subject in the future to unforeseen risks and uncertainties that could cause the Company&#8217;s results of operations, performance, and achievements to differ materially from current expectations expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, without limitation, the following: a decision by a customer to cancel a purchase order or supply agreement in light of the Company&#8217;s dependence on a limited number of key customers; uncertain demand for, and acceptance of, the Company&#8217;s engineered materials, ingredients, and fully formulated products; the Company&#8217;s manufacturing capacity and product mix flexibility in light of customer demand; the Company&#8217;s limited marketing experience; changes in development and distribution relationships; the impact of competitive products and technologies; the Company&#8217;s dependence on patents and protection of proprietary information; the resolution of litigation in which the Company may become involved; the impact of any potential new government regulations that could be difficult to respond to or too costly to comply with while remaining financially viable; the ability of the Company to maintain an appropriate electronic trading venue; and other factors described in the Company&#8217;s Form 10-K filed March 31, 2022. In addition, the Company&#8217;s forward-looking statements could be affected by general industry and market conditions and growth rates. Except as required by federal securities laws, the Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements to reflect new events, uncertainties, or other contingencies.</em></p>    <p align="justify"><br > <br ></p>  <table style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse !important;;border-collapse: collapse; "><tr><td colspan="10" style="text-align: center ;  vertical-align: middle; vertical-align: bottom ; "><strong>NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION</strong></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: bottom ; ">&#160;</td><td style="vertical-align: bottom ; ">&#160;</td><td style="vertical-align: bottom ; ">&#160;</td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: bottom ; ">&#160;</td><td style="vertical-align: bottom ; ">&#160;</td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: bottom ; ">&#160;</td></tr><tr><td colspan="10" style="text-align: center ;  vertical-align: middle; vertical-align: bottom ; "><strong>CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS</strong></td></tr><tr><td colspan="10" style="text-align: center ; 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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>gnw-20190101_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL LABEL FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="no"?>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>gnw-20190101_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL PRESENTATION FILE
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<head>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.22.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140002359471672">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 11, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">May 11,  2022<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">000-22333<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000883107<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">36-3687863<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">1319 Marquette Drive<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Romeoville<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">IL<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">60446<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">630<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">771-6708<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
