<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001387131-22-009591.txt : 20220908
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20220907173947
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001387131-22-009591
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		14
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20220907
ITEM INFORMATION:		Other Events
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20220908
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20220907

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES Corp
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000883107
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	MISCELLANEOUS PRIMARY METAL PRODUCTS [3390]
		IRS NUMBER:				363687863
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	000-22333
		FILM NUMBER:		221232027

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1319 MARQUETTE DRIVE
		CITY:			ROMEOVILLE
		STATE:			IL
		ZIP:			60446
		BUSINESS PHONE:		6303231200

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1319 MARQUETTE DRIVE
		CITY:			ROMEOVILLE
		STATE:			IL
		ZIP:			60446

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19970305
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<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">UNITED STATES</p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Washington, D.C. 20549</p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>FORM <span id="xdx_907_edei--DocumentType_c20220907__20220907_zHhIEEDuTto8"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-09-07to2022-09-07" name="dei:DocumentType">8-K</ix:nonNumeric></span><br />
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<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the</p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Securities Exchange Act of 1934</p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): <span id="xdx_90E_edei--DocumentPeriodEndDate_c20220907__20220907_zFaiIuEfrw16"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-09-07to2022-09-07" format="ixt:datemonthdayyearen" name="dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate">September 7, 2022</ix:nonNumeric></span> (August 31, 2022) </p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)</p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Registrant&#8217;s telephone number, including area
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<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b><span id="xdx_90A_edei--EntityInformationFormerLegalOrRegisteredName_c20220907__20220907_zutEUPcnoo16"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-09-07to2022-09-07" name="dei:EntityInformationFormerLegalOrRegisteredName">Not applicable</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">(Former name or former address, if changed since last
report)</p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Check the appropriate box below
if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions
(<i>see </i>General Instruction A.2. below):</p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

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    <td style="width: 94%; padding-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 12pt">Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Segoe UI Symbol,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt"><span id="xdx_906_edei--SolicitingMaterial_c20220907__20220907_zFd0Dk52Qkg6"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-09-07to2022-09-07" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:SolicitingMaterial">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 12pt">Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Segoe UI Symbol,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt"><span id="xdx_902_edei--PreCommencementTenderOffer_c20220907__20220907_zDla713Utmli"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-09-07to2022-09-07" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 12pt">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 12pt 0 5pt; text-align: justify">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b)
of the Act: None.</p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 10pt 0 5pt">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth
company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.</p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 5pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0">Emerging growth company <span id="xdx_90C_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20220907__20220907_ztPw7dxLFLv2"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-09-07to2022-09-07" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant
has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant
to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. &#9744;</p>
<p style="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></p>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 84.95pt; text-indent: -84.95pt"><b>Item 8.01 Other Events</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt">On August 31, 2022, counsel for Nanophase Technologies Corporation
(&#8220;Nanophase&#8221;) received a letter from lawyers representing BASF Corporation (&#8220;BASF&#8221;) stating that BASF had filed
a complaint against Nanophase in the Superior Court of New Jersey on August 9, 2022 (the &#8220;New Jersey Complaint&#8221;) and that
Nanophase&#8217;s registered agent for service of process had been served with the New Jersey Complaint on August 11, 2022. The August
31, 2022 letter from BASF&#8217;s lawyers was Nanophase&#8217;s first notice of the New Jersey Complaint, which Nanophase thereafter obtained
from the New Jersey court.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt">The New Jersey Complaint claims that Nanophase breached the Zinc
Oxide Supply Agreement dated as of September 16, 1999 between Nanophase and BASF, as assignee, as amended through January 1, 2019 (the
&#8220;Agreement&#8221;). The New Jersey Complaint specifically alleges that Nanophase breached the exclusivity provision of the Agreement
by selling zinc oxide to entities other than BASF, including sales to Nanophase&#8217;s subsidiary Sol&#233;sence, LLC (&#8220;Sol&#233;sence&#8221;),
in markets designated as being in the field of use (the &#8220;Field&#8221;) under the Agreement. The New Jersey Complaint also relatedly
alleges that Nanophase breached the capacity and inventory provisions of the Agreement. In addition, the New Jersey Complaint alleges
claims for unjust enrichment and violation of the duty of good faith and fair dealing. The New Jersey Complaint seeks an unspecified amount
of damages, a permanent injunction, counsel fees, and litigation expenses. The New Jersey Complaint is not seeking termination of the
Agreement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt">Management believes that the allegations of BASF&#8217;s New Jersey
Complaint are without merit and are unsupported by the terms of the Agreement and governing law.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt">On September 7, 2022, Nanophase filed a Complaint for Declaratory
Judgment against BASF in the Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois (the &#8220;Illinois Complaint&#8221;). The Illinois Complaint asks
the court to declare that contrary to BASF&#8217;s views, the exclusivity provision of the Agreement does not apply to all products containing
zinc oxide as an ingredient for uses designated under the Agreement nor does the exclusivity provision prohibit Nanophase&#8217;s sales
of Sol&#233;sence products containing zinc oxide as an ingredient.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt">Nanophase intends to continue negotiating with BASF in good faith to resolve these issues. In the event that an acceptable solution is not reached, and litigation proceeds, the ultimate resolution cannot now be determined with certainty. However, management believes that Nanophase will ultimately prevail under the terms of the Agreement and governing law.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt">The foregoing description of the Agreement does not purport to be
complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Agreement, which was previously filed as Exhibit 10.22
to Nanophase&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999, SEC File No. 000-22333, and is incorporated herein
by reference.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt">On September 7, 2022, Nanophase issued a press release about the
New Jersey Complaint and the Illinois Complaint. The press release is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 and incorporated by reference herein.</p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Exhibits.</span></p>

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    <td style="width: 5%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="text-decoration: underline; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Description</span></td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Press release dated September 7, 2022</span></td>
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<p style="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></p>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 2 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-indent: 1in">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Dated: September 7, 2022</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 50%; text-indent: 0">NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 50%; text-indent: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 50%; text-indent: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 50%; text-indent: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 50%; text-indent: 0">By:<span style="text-decoration: underline">&#9;/s/
Jess Jankowski
&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 50%; text-indent: 0">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Name: Jess Jankowski</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 50%; text-indent: 0">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Title: Chief Executive Officer</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 3in; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt"><b>&#160;</b></p>

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<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><div style="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 2pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><a href="nanx-8k_090622.htm">Nanophase Technologies Corp. 8-K</a></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><b>Exhibit 99.1</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><img src="ex991-01.jpg" alt="" style="height: 109px; width: 650px" >&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>FOR
IMMEDIATE RELEASE&#8239;</b>&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8239;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Nanophase
Files Complaint for Declaratory Judgment</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Romeoville,
Ill., Sept. 7, 2022</b> &ndash; Nanophase Technologies Corporation (OTCQB: NANX), a leader in minerals-based and scientifically-driven
health care solutions across beauty and life science categories &mdash; with innovations that protect skin from environmental aggressors
and aid in medical diagnostics &mdash; today filed an 8-K referencing that BASF, one of its customers, filed a complaint against Nanophase
in the Superior Court of New Jersey. &nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Among
other things, the complaint alleges that Nanophase breached the exclusivity provisions of a supply agreement through the sale of zinc
oxide based products through its Sol&eacute;sence subsidiary. In response to BASF&rsquo;s action, Nanophase has in turn filed a Complaint
for Declaratory Judgment in the Circuit Court of Cook County regarding the exclusivity terms within the agreement. While management is
disappointed that it has come to this point after two decades of supply to BASF and over a half-decade of operating the Sol&eacute;sence
business, the Company is fully confident in its position and will take the necessary steps to defend it. &nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Jess
Jankowski, President and Chief Executive Officer, commented: &ldquo;Nanophase has had a longstanding supplier relationship with BASF.
For the past half-decade, in a separate capacity, Sol&eacute;sence has served as the value and growth engine for the Company. Sol&eacute;sence
and the intellectual property used to manufacture its products -- including the unique, patented technologies leveraged by our brand
partners across skincare and color cosmetics categories -- are exclusively owned by our Company and are not impacted or otherwise put
at risk by the BASF complaint. As such, our value engine, including our growth and growth potential, remains unencumbered. It is our
hope to continue negotiating in good faith to resolve these issues. We do not foresee immediate or long-term impacts on our ability to
produce, sell and grow our Sol&eacute;sence products.&rdquo;&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Kevin
Cureton, Chief Operating Officer, commented: &ldquo;Nanophase, from the inception of the Active Stress Defense <sup>TM</sup> technology
platform, has always operated with absolute integrity to preserve the rights of our key clients while expanding the scope and availability
of the important, lifesaving and life-enhancing technologies we create. As we say regularly to our brand partners &ndash; our ability
to succeed is directly tied to their success. With this in mind, we must and will vigorously defend our position to protect the interests
of all our brand partners, shareholders, and employees. We would also like to assure all our brand partners and suppliers that this action
will not distract or detract from our ongoing daily operations.&rdquo; &nbsp;&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>About
Nanophase Technologies&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nanophase
Technologies Corporation (NANX), <u>www.nanophase.com</u>, is a leading innovator in minerals-based and scientifically driven health
care solutions across beauty and life science categories, as well as other legacy advanced materials applications. Leveraging a platform
of integrated, patented, and proprietary technologies, the Company creates products with unique performance, enhancing consumers' health
and well-being. We deliver commercial quantity and quality engineered materials both as ingredients and as part of fully formulated products
in a variety of formats.&#8239;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></font></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;<img src="ex991-01.jpg" alt="" style="height: 109px; width: 650px" ></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>About
Sol&eacute;sence Beauty Science&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sol&eacute;sence,
LLC, <u>www.solesence.com</u>, a wholly owned subsidiary of Nanophase Technologies, is changing the face of skin health with patented,
mineral-based technology that is embraced by leading performance-driven and clean beauty brands alike. Our patented products for brands
transform the way mineral actives look, feel and function &mdash; enabling textures never-before-seen in the mineral space and inclusivity
never-before-seen in the sun care space. Sol&eacute;sence&rsquo;s innovative formulations offer best-in-class UV protection, unparalleled
free radical prevention to protect against pollution, and enhanced antioxidant performance.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Forward-Looking
Statements&#8239;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
press release contains words such as &ldquo;expects,&rdquo; shall,&rdquo; &ldquo;will,&rdquo; &ldquo;believes,&rdquo; and similar
expressions that are intended to identify forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Safe Harbor Provisions of the Private
Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements in this announcement are made based on the Company&rsquo;s current
beliefs, known events </font>and circumstances at the time of publication, and as such, are subject in the future to unforeseen
risks and uncertainties that could cause the Company&rsquo;s results of operations, performance, and achievements to differ
materially from current expectations expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties
include, without limitation, the following: a decision by a customer to cancel a purchase order or supply agreement in light of the
Company&rsquo;s dependence on a limited number of key customers; uncertain demand for, and acceptance of, the Company&rsquo;s
engineered materials, ingredients, and fully formulated products; the Company&rsquo;s manufacturing capacity and product mix
flexibility in light of customer demand; the Company&rsquo;s limited marketing experience; changes in development and distribution
relationships; the impact of competitive products and technologies; the Company&rsquo;s dependence on patents and protection of
proprietary information; the resolution of litigation in which the Company may become involved; the impact of any potential new
government regulations that could be difficult to respond to or too costly to comply with while remaining financially viable; the
ability of the Company to maintain an appropriate electronic trading venue; and other factors described in the Company&rsquo;s Form
10-K filed March 31, 2022. In addition, the Company&rsquo;s forward-looking statements could be affected by general industry and
market conditions and growth rates. Except as required by federal securities laws, the Company undertakes no obligation to update or
revise these forward-looking statements to reflect new events, uncertainties, or other contingencies.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>#
# #</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><u>Contact</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Direct:
Investor Relations</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Phone:
630-771-6700</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Website:
<u>www.nanophase.com</u></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></font></p>

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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Quarterly Report</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Event Date</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period Start Date</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>nanx-20220907_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
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<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.22.2.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140385685138624">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Sep. 07, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Sep.  07,  2022<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">0-22333<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000883107<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">36-3687863<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">1319 Marquette Drive<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Romeoville<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">IL<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">60446<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(630)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">771-6700<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityInformationFormerLegalOrRegisteredName', window );">Entity Information, Former Legal or Registered Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Not applicable<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Former Legal or Registered Name of an entity</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
