<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001999371-24-006401.txt : 20240521
<SEC-HEADER>0001999371-24-006401.hdr.sgml : 20240521
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20240521163523
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001999371-24-006401
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	PRE 14A
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		2
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20240618
FILED AS OF DATE:		20240521
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20240521

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES Corp
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000883107
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PERFUMES, COSMETICS & OTHER TOILET PREPARATIONS [2844]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	08 Industrial Applications and Services
		IRS NUMBER:				363687863
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		PRE 14A
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	000-22333
		FILM NUMBER:		24969983

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1319 MARQUETTE DRIVE
		CITY:			ROMEOVILLE
		STATE:			IL
		ZIP:			60446
		BUSINESS PHONE:		6303231200

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1319 MARQUETTE DRIVE
		CITY:			ROMEOVILLE
		STATE:			IL
		ZIP:			60446

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19970305
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>PRE 14A
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>nanx-pre14a_061824.htm
<DESCRIPTION>PRELIMINARY PROXY STATEMENT
<TEXT>
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     <TITLE></TITLE>
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<P STYLE="margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 2pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>SCHEDULE
14A</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(RULE
14a-101)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>INFORMATION
REQUIRED IN PROXY STATEMENT</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>SCHEDULE
14A INFORMATION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Proxy
Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; width: 30%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Filed by the Registrant &#9746;</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; width: 70%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Filed by a Party other than the Registrant <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">&#9744;</FONT></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Check
the appropriate box:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9746;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Preliminary
Proxy Statement</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">&#9744;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Confidential,
for the use of the Commission only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2))</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">&#9744;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Definitive
Proxy Statement</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">&#9744;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Definitive
Additional Materials</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">&#9744;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Soliciting
Material Pursuant to &sect;240.14a-12</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>NANOPHASE
TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Name
of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Name
of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if other than the Registrant)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payment
of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9746;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No
fee required.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">&#9744;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fee
computed on table below per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 0-11.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title
of each class of securities to which transaction applies:</FONT></TD>
</TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
     </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Aggregate
number of securities to which transaction applies:</FONT></TD>
</TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
     </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Per
                                            unit price or other underlying value of transaction computed pursuant to Exchange Act Rule
                                            0-11 (set forth the amount on which the filing fee is calculated and state how it was determined):</FONT></TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                                               </TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Proposed
maximum aggregate value of transaction:</FONT></TD>
</TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
     </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
fee paid:</FONT></TD>
</TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
     </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">&#9744;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fee paid
previously with preliminary materials.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">&#9744;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Check box
if any part of the fee is offset as provided by Exchange Act Rule 0-1l (a)(2) and identify the filing for which the offsetting fee was
paid previously. Identify the previous filing by registration statement number, or the Form or Schedule and the date of its filing.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amount
Previously Paid:</FONT></TD>
</TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
     </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form,
Schedule or Registration Statement No.:</FONT></TD>
</TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
     </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Filing
Party:</FONT></TD>
</TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
     </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date
Filed:</FONT></TD>
</TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
     </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>PRELIMINARY
PROXY STATEMENT &ndash; SUBJECT TO COMPLETION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>NANOPHASE
TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>1319
Marquette Drive</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Romeoville,
Illinois 60446</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>NOTICE
OF SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>To
be Held June 18, 2024</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
Special Meeting of Stockholders (the &ldquo;Special Meeting&rdquo;) of Nanophase Technologies Corporation (&ldquo;Nanophase&rdquo; or
the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) will be held at our corporate headquarters, 1319 Marquette Drive, Romeoville, Illinois, at 8:30AM Central
Time, to consider the following proposals:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To approve an amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock from 60,000,000
to 95,000,000 shares; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To act on such other matters as may properly come before the meeting or any adjournment thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Before
you vote, we encourage you to read the full text of the enclosed Proxy Statement for an explanation of the proposal. Whether or not you
choose to attend the Special Meeting, it is important that your shares be represented. Regardless of the number of shares you own, please
vote your shares via telephone, over the Internet or, if you received a proxy card, sign, and date the proxy card and promptly return
it to us in the postage paid envelope provided. If you sign and return your proxy card without specifying your choices, your shares will
be voted in accordance with the recommendations of the Board of Directors contained in the Proxy Statement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Your
vote is important</B>. <B>To ensure that your shares are voted at the meeting, we encourage you to act promptly. The Proxy Statement
for the Special Meeting of Stockholders is also available on the internet at the website address identified on the enclosed Proxy Card.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By
Order of the Board of Directors /s/ R. JANET WHITMORE</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">R.
Janet Whitmore</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Chair
of the Board of Directors</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>NANOPHASE
TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Special
Meeting of Stockholders</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>June
18, 2024</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>PROXY
STATEMENT</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Proxy Statement is furnished in connection with the solicitation of proxies by the Board of Directors (the &ldquo;Board&rdquo;) of Nanophase
Technologies Corporation (&ldquo;Nanophase&rdquo; or the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) to be voted at the Special Meeting of Stockholders (the
&ldquo;Special Meeting&rdquo;), which will be held on June 18, 2024, at 8:30AM Central Time at our corporate headquarters, 1319 Marquette
Drive, Romeoville, Illinois, and any postponements or adjournments thereof. We are furnishing our proxy materials to stockholders on
or about May 31, 2024.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>REVOCABILITY
OF PROXY AND SOLICITATION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
stockholder executing a proxy that is solicited hereby has the power to revoke it prior to the voting of the proxy. Revocation may be
made by attending the Special Meeting and voting the shares of stock in person, or by delivering to the Corporate Secretary of the Company
at the principal office of the Company prior to the Special Meeting a written notice of revocation or a later-dated, properly executed
proxy. Solicitation of proxies may be made by directors, officers, and other employees of the Company by personal interview, telephone,
facsimile transmittal or electronic communications. No additional compensation will be paid for any such services. This solicitation
of proxies is being made by the Company, which will bear all costs associated with the mailing of this Proxy Statement and the solicitation
of proxies. We will, upon request, reimburse brokerage firms and others for their reasonable expenses in forwarding solicitation material
to the beneficial owners of stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>RECORD
DATE</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stockholders
of record at the close of business on May 17, 2024 (the &ldquo;Record Date&rdquo;), will be entitled to receive notice of, attend and
vote at the Special Meeting. Each share of common stock that you owned as of the Record Date entitles you to one vote on each matter
to be voted at the Special Meeting.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>INFORMATION
ABOUT THE SPECIAL MEETING AND VOTING</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Why
am I receiving these materials?</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nanophase
has furnished these materials to you in connection with the Company&rsquo;s solicitation of proxies for use at the Special Meeting of
Stockholders to be held on June 18, 2024, at 8:30AM Central Time, at the Company&rsquo;s corporate headquarters located at 1319 Marquette
Drive, Romeoville, Illinois. These materials have also been made available to you on the internet. These materials describe the proposal
on which the Company would like you to vote and also give you information on this proposal so that you can make an informed decision.
We are furnishing our proxy materials on or about May 31, 2024, to all stockholders of record entitled to vote at the Special Meeting.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>What
is included in these materials? </I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These
materials include the proxy statement for this Special Meeting. The Proxy Statement for the Special Meeting of Stockholders is also available
on the internet at the website address identified on the enclosed Proxy Card.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>What
is the proxy card?</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
proxy card enables you to appoint Jess Jankowski, our Chief Executive Officer and Corporate Secretary, as your representative at the
Special Meeting. By completing and returning a proxy card, you are authorizing Mr. Jankowski to vote your shares at the Special Meeting
in accordance with your instructions on the proxy card. This way, your shares will be voted whether or not you attend the Special Meeting.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>What
is the purpose of the Special Meeting?</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
the Special Meeting, stockholders will act upon the matters outlined in the Notice of Special Meeting on the cover page of this Proxy
Statement, including amending our Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock from 60,000,000
shares to 95,000,000 shares, and acting on such other matters as may properly come before the meeting.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Vote
Required; Quorum; Broker Non-Votes</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
presence at the meeting, in person or by proxy, of the holders of a majority of the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding
on the record date will constitute a quorum permitting the meeting to conduct its business. As of the record date, there were 54,860,984
shares of our common stock issued and outstanding. Thus, the presence of the holders of common stock representing at least 27,430,492
votes will be required to establish a quorum.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
purposes of the quorum and the discussion below regarding the vote necessary to take stockholder action, stockholders of record who are
present at the Special Meeting in-person or by proxy and who abstain, including brokers holding customers&rsquo; shares of record who
cause abstentions to be recorded at the meeting, are considered stockholders who are present and entitled to vote and are counted towards
the quorum.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Under
the rules of the New York Stock Exchange (&ldquo;NYSE&rdquo;) applicable to voting by brokers, brokers who hold shares on behalf of beneficial
owners have discretion to vote such shares with respect to matters deemed to be &ldquo;routine&rdquo; by the NYSE without receiving voting
instructions from the beneficial owners of the shares. Brokers holding shares of record for customers generally are not entitled to vote
on &ldquo;non-routine&rdquo; matters, unless they receive voting instructions from their customers. As used herein, &ldquo;uninstructed
shares&rdquo; means shares held by a broker who has not received such instructions from its customers on a proposal. A &ldquo;broker
non-vote&rdquo; occurs when a nominee holding uninstructed shares for a beneficial owner does not vote on a particular proposal because
the nominee does not have discretionary voting power with respect to that non-routine matter. It is important that you provide voting
instructions to your bank, broker or other nominee, if you wish to determine the voting of your shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Stockholders
of Record</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
on the record date, your shares were registered directly in your name with our transfer agent, VStock Transfer, LLC, you are considered
a stockholder of record with respect to those shares, and the Notice of Special Meeting and Proxy Statement was sent directly to you
by the Company. As the stockholder of record, you have the right to direct the voting of your shares by returning the proxy card to us.
Whether or not you plan to attend the Special Meeting, if you do not vote over the internet, please complete, date, sign and return a
proxy card to ensure that your vote is counted.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Beneficial
Owner of Shares Held in Street Name</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
on the record date, your shares were held in an account at a brokerage firm, bank, broker-dealer, or other nominee holder, then you are
considered the beneficial owner of shares held in &ldquo;street name,&rdquo; and the Notice of Special Meeting &amp; Proxy Statement
was forwarded to you by that organization. The organization holding your account is considered the stockholder of record for purposes
of voting at the Special Meeting. As the beneficial owner, you have the right to instruct that organization on how to vote the shares
held in your account. However, since you are not the stockholder of record, you may not vote these shares in person at the Special Meeting
unless you receive a valid proxy from the organization.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>How
do I vote?</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Stockholders
of Record. </I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
you are a stockholder of record, you may vote by any of the following methods:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Via
                                            the Internet. </I>You may vote by proxy via the internet by following the instructions provided
                                            on the enclosed Proxy Card.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>By
                                            Mail. </I>You may vote by completing, signing, dating and returning your proxy card in the
                                            pre-addressed, postage-paid envelope provided.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>In
                                            Person. </I>You can vote at the meeting.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Beneficial
Owners of Shares Held in Street Name. </I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
you are a beneficial owner of shares held in street name, you may vote by any of the following methods:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Via
                                            the Internet. </I>You may vote by proxy via the internet by following the instructions provided
                                            on the enclosed Proxy Card.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>By
                                            Mail. </I>You may vote by proxy by filling out the vote instruction form and returning it
                                            in the pre-addressed, postage-paid envelope provided.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>In
                                            Person. </I>You can vote at the meeting.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>What
happens if I do not give specific voting instructions?</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Stockholders
of Record. </I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
you are a stockholder of record and you:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">indicate
                                            when voting on the internet that you wish to vote as recommended by the Board of Directors,
                                            or</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">sign
                                            and return a proxy card without giving specific voting instructions, </FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">then
the proxy holders will vote your shares in the manner recommended by the Board of Directors on all matters presented in this Proxy Statement
and as the proxy holders may determine in their discretion with respect to any other matters properly presented for a vote at the Special
Meeting.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Beneficial
Owners of Shares Held in Street Name.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
you are a beneficial owner of shares held in street name and do not provide the organization that holds your shares with specific voting
instructions, under the rules of various national and regional securities exchanges, the organization that holds your shares may generally
vote on routine matters, but not on non-routine matters. Under NYSE rules, if your shares are held by a member organization, as that
term is defined under NYSE rules, responsibility for making a final determination as to whether a specific proposal constitutes a routine
or non-routine matter rests with that organization or third parties acting on its behalf.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>What
is the Board&rsquo;s recommendation?</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Board&rsquo;s recommendation and its reasons for so recommending are set forth more fully below under &ldquo;<FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Discussion
of Proposal to Be Voted On.</FONT>&rdquo; In summary, the Board recommends a vote:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>for
                                            </I>approval of the amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number
                                            of authorized shares of our common stock.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">With
respect to any other matter that properly comes before the Special Meeting, the proxy holders will vote as recommended by the Board of
Directors or, if no recommendation is given, in their own discretion.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>How
are proxy materials delivered to households?</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Only
one copy of this Proxy Statement will be delivered to an address where two or more stockholders reside with the same last name or who
otherwise reasonably appear to be members of the same family based on the stockholders&rsquo; prior express or implied consent.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
will deliver promptly upon written or oral request a separate copy of this Proxy Statement. If you share an address with at least one
other stockholder, currently receive one copy of our Proxy Statement at your residence, and would like to receive a separate copy of
our Proxy Statement for future stockholder meetings of the Company, or if you currently receive multiple copies of this document and
would prefer to receive only one copy, please specify such request and send such request to Nanophase Technologies Corporation, 1319
Marquette Drive, Romeoville, Illinois; Attention: Corporate Secretary.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>SECURITY
OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following tables set forth certain information known to us with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of May 13,
2024, by (i) each of our named executive officers, (ii)&nbsp;each of our directors, (iii)&nbsp;all directors and executive officers as
a group, and (iv) all persons known to us to beneficially own five percent (5%) or more of our common stock or preferred stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
were 54,860,984 shares of our common stock outstanding as of May 17, 2024.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;<B>Name</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Number of<BR> Shares<BR> Beneficially<BR> Owned<SUP>(1)</SUP></B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Percent of<BR> Shares<BR> Beneficially<BR> Owned</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">DIRECTORS</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 70%; text-align: left">R. Janet Whitmore</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 12%; text-align: right">1,705,978</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 12%; text-align: right">3.43</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Laura M. Beres</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">25,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Mark E. Miller</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">-0-</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>*</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">EXECUTIVE OFFICERS</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Jess A. Jankowski</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Chief
Executive Officer and Director</I></FONT></P></TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">638,950</TD><TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><SUP>(2)</SUP>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1.27</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Kevin Cureton</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Chief
Operating Officer</I></FONT></P></TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">539,821</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1.08</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">All directors and executive officers as a group (5 persons)</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,909,749</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">5.74</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">CERTAIN OTHER BENEFICIAL HOLDERS</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Bradford T. Whitmore</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">34,884,596</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><SUP>(3)</SUP>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">63.75</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unless
otherwise indicated below, the person&rsquo;s address is the same as the address for the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*Denotes
beneficial ownership of less than one percent.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Beneficial
ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC. Includes (i)&nbsp;shares for options exercisable within 60&nbsp;days
of March 28, 2024, and (ii)&nbsp;unvested restricted stock units that will vest within 60&nbsp;days of March 28, 2024, 2024.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Includes
1,000 shares held by Mr. Jankowski&rsquo;s spouse.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Based
solely on Mr. Whitmore&rsquo;s Form 4 as filed with the SEC on March 5, 2024. Includes 8,684,270 shares of common stock held by Strandler,
LLC, and 25,467,020 shares held by Bradford T. Whitmore, 675,515 shares held by Grace Investments, LLC, as well as 57,791 shares held
by his daughter.&nbsp;&nbsp;Mr. Whitmore is the sole member of Strandler, LLC, and a general partner of Grace Investments, LLC.&nbsp;&nbsp;In
such capacities, Mr. Whitmore shares voting and investment power with respect to the shares of common stock held by Grace Investments,
LLC.&nbsp;&nbsp;The address of the stockholder is 5215 Old Orchard Road, Suite 620, Skokie, Illinois 60077.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>DISCUSSION
OF PROPOSAL TO BE VOTED ON</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>PROPOSAL
NO. 1: AMENDMENT TO OUR CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION TO INCREASE THE NUMBER OF AUTHORIZED SHARES OF COMMON STOCK</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Purposes
of the Proposed Increase in Authorized Stock </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
April 4, 2024, our Board of Directors (the &ldquo;Board&rdquo;) approved an amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation to increase
the number of authorized shares of common stock to 95,000,000 shares (the &ldquo;Amendment&rdquo;), as required under the Purchase Agreement
described below. Under the terms of our Certificate of Incorporation and Delaware law, the Amendment must be approved by the holders
of a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock. A copy of the Amendment, which is in the form of a Certificate of Amendment
to Certificate of Incorporation, is attached to this Proxy Statement as Appendix A. The Amendment makes no other changes to our Certificate
of Incorporation.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has previously failed to obtain financing on acceptable terms from any sources other than its controlling stockholder, Bradford
T. Whitmore, who is the brother of the chair of our Board, R. Janet Whitmore. Previously, the Company has entered into loan agreements
and other debt instruments with affiliates of the Company&rsquo;s controlling stockholder to fund its operations. As previously disclosed,
after aggressive negotiation and the Board&rsquo;s determination that such transaction was in the best interests of the Company to provide
necessary financing to fund the Company&rsquo;s operations, on March 1, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement
(the &ldquo;Purchase Agreement&rdquo;) with Strandler, LLC, an entity controlled by the Company&rsquo;s controlling shareholder (&ldquo;Strandler&rdquo;),
pursuant to which the Company issued to Strandler 15,000 shares of the Company&rsquo;s Series X Preferred Stock. The Company will be
required to issue and deliver 15,000,000 shares of its common stock if and when Strandler converts its shares of Series X Preferred Stock
into shares of our common stock. The Company does not currently have enough authorized shares of common stock to fund such conversion
and as a result is seeking shareholder approval of the Amendment. Upon approval of the Amendment, it is expected that Strandler will
exercise its conversion rights under the Purchase Agreement. After the Company effects this conversion, you will suffer immediate dilution.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Amendment is also intended to give the Company flexibility to issue common stock or securities convertible into common stock if an attractive
opportunity to do so arises. In the future, the Company may also explore the possibility of entering into one or more other convertible
note or other equity-linked transactions to provide liquidity to allow it to continue to pursue its current business plan. If the Company
issues additional shares of common stock, the ownership interests of holders of our common stock will be diluted. Also, if the Company
issues additional shares of preferred stock, the shares may have rights, preferences, and privileges senior to those of its common stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Description
of the Amendment </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of May 17, 2024, our authorized capital stock of 60,024,088 consisted of 60,000,000 shares of common stock, of which 54,860,984 shares
were outstanding and 24,088 shares of preferred stock, 9,088 shares of which were outstanding. Approximately 3,091,234 shares of common
stock may be issued upon the exercise of options under our employee incentive arrangements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Under
the terms of the Amendment, the total number of authorized shares of capital stock will be increased to 95,024,088. The number of shares
of common stock authorized will be increased to 95,000,000. The number of shares of preferred stock will remain unchanged at 24,088.
The newly authorized shares of common stock will be identical to previously authorized shares of common stock and will entitle the holders
thereto to the same rights and privileges as holders of the previously authorized shares, including the right to cast one vote per share
and to receive dividends if and to the extent we declare and pay them. There would be no change in the par value of $0.01 per share.
Stockholders would have no preemptive rights with respect to the issuance of additional common stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Anti-takeover
effects of the Increase in Authorized Shares </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">An
increase in the number of authorized shares of common stock may also, under certain circumstances, be construed as having an anti-takeover
effect. Although not designed or intended for such purposes, the effect of the proposed increase might be to render more difficult or
to discourage a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or change in control of us and the removal of management, which stockholders might
otherwise deem favorable. For example, the authority of our Board to issue common stock might be used to create voting impediments or
to frustrate an attempt by another person or entity to effect a takeover or otherwise gain control of us because the issuance of additional
shares of common stock would dilute the voting power of the common stock then outstanding. Our common stock could also be issued to purchasers
who would support our Board in opposing a takeover bid which our Board determines not to be in our best interests and those of our stockholders.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Board is not presently aware of any attempt, or contemplated attempt, to acquire control of the Company and the proposed Certificate
of Amendment to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock is not part of any plan by our Board to recommend or implement
a series of anti-takeover measures.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Interest
of Certain Persons in Matters to Be Acted Upon </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">None
of the Company&rsquo;s officers or directors has an interest in the Amendment, except to the extent they are stockholders or holders
of options issued by the Company and the Amendment may result in increased liquidity of our common stock and the exercisability of such
options.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
disclosed above, the Amendment is required under the Purchase Agreement with Strandler, an entity controlled by our controlling stockholder
(who is the brother of R. Janet Whitmore, the chair of our Board), to allow for the conversion of the 15,000 shares of Series X Preferred
Stock sold pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Procedure
for Implementing the Increase in Authorized Shares </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Amendment will become effective upon the filing of a certificate of amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary
of State of the State of Delaware.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Vote
Required to Approve the Increase in Authorized Shares of Common Stock </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Under
the terms of our Certificate of Incorporation and Delaware law, the Amendment must be approved by the holders of a majority of the outstanding
shares of common stock. Abstentions will have the same effect as votes against the Amendment. Because the Amendment is expected to be
considered a &ldquo;routine&rdquo; matter, we do not expect to receive any &ldquo;broker-non-votes.&rdquo; However, if any &ldquo;broker
non-votes&rdquo; are received, they would have the same effect as votes against the Amendment.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Board
Recommendation</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Board recommends that stockholders vote FOR the Amendment.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>OTHER
MATTERS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Board of Directors knows of no other business which will be presented at the Special Meeting. If any other matters properly come before
the meeting, the persons named in the enclosed Proxy, or their substitutes, will vote the shares represented thereby in accordance with
their judgment on such matters.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Householding</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Under
SEC rules, only one proxy statement need be sent to any household at which two or more of our stockholders reside if they appear to be
members of the same family and contrary instructions have not been received from an affected stockholder. This procedure, referred to
as householding, reduces the volume of duplicate information stockholders receive and reduces mailing and printing expenses for us. Brokers
with account holders who are our stockholders may be householding these materials. Once you have received notice from your broker that
it will be householding communications to your address, householding will continue until you are notified otherwise or until you revoke
your consent. If, now or at any time in the future, you no longer wish to participate in householding and would like to receive a separate
proxy statement, or if you currently receive multiple copies of these documents at your address and would prefer that the communications
be householded, you should contact us at Nanophase Technologies Corporation, 1319 Marquette Drive, Romeoville, Illinois; Attention: Corporate
Secretary.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Proxy
Solicitation Costs</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
proxies being solicited hereby are being solicited by the Company. The Company will bear the entire cost of solicitation of proxies including
preparation, assembly, printing and mailing of the Proxy Statement, the Proxy card and establishment of the internet site hosting the
proxy material. Copies of solicitation materials will be furnished to banks, brokerage houses, fiduciaries and custodians holding in
their names shares of common stock beneficially owned by others to forward to such beneficial owners. Officers and regular employees
of the Company may, but without compensation other than their regular compensation, solicit proxies by further mailing or personal conversations,
or by telephone, telex, facsimile or electronic means. We will, upon request, reimburse brokerage firms and others for their reasonable
expenses in forwarding solicitation material to the beneficial owners of stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By
Order of the Board of Directors /s/ R. JANET WHITMORE</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">R.
Janet Whitmore</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Chair
of the Board of Directors</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>APPENDIX
A</U></B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>SIXTH
AMENDMENT</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>TO</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>THE
CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>OF</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>NANOPHASE
TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to the Certificate of Incorporation of Nanophase Technologies Corporation, as amended, and the Delaware General Corporation Law, the
undersigned corporation, organized and existing under and by virtue of the Delaware General Corporation Law, hereby adopts the following
Amendment to its Certificate of Incorporation:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">FIRST:
That at a meeting of the Board of Directors of Nanophase Technologies Corporation (the &ldquo;Corporation&rdquo;) resolutions were duly
adopted setting forth this proposed amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, declaring said amendment to be
advisable and directing that said amendment be submitted to the stockholders of the Corporation for consideration at a special meeting
of the Corporation&rsquo;s stockholders.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECOND:
Article IV, Section A of the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, as previously amended, is hereby amended and restated in
its entirety to read as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ARTICLE
IV</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A.
The Corporation shall have authority to issue the following classes of stock in the number of shares and at the par value as indicated
opposite the name of the class:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 85%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Class</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Number&nbsp;of&nbsp;Shares<BR> Authorized</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Par&nbsp;Value<BR> per&nbsp;Share</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 55%; text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt">Common Stock (the &ldquo;Common Stock&rdquo;)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 12%; text-align: right">95,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 12%; text-align: right">.01</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt">Preferred Stock (the &ldquo;Preferred Stock&rdquo;)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">24,088</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">.01</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
designations and the powers, preferences and relative participating, option or other rights of the Common and Preferred stockholders,
and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof remain unchanged.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">THIRD:
Pursuant to Section&nbsp;242 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, at a special meeting of the Corporation&rsquo;s stockholders, duly
called and held upon notice in accordance with Section&nbsp;222 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, a majority of the outstanding
stock entitled to vote thereon and a majority of the outstanding stock of each class entitled to vote thereon as a class duly approved
the amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, as amended, set forth in this Certificate of Amendment.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">FOURTH:
That said amendment was duly adopted in accordance with the provisions of Section&nbsp;242 of the Delaware General Corporation Law.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">FIFTH:
This amendment shall be effective on the date this Certificate of Amendment is filed with and accepted by the Secretary of State of the
State of Delaware.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused this Certificate of Amendment to be signed this&nbsp;_____&nbsp;day of ________, 2024.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nanophase Technologies Corporation</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; vertical-align: top; text-indent: 0pt; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0pt; vertical-align: top; text-indent: 0pt; width: 30%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt 0pt 1pt; vertical-align: top; text-indent: 0pt; width: 15%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; vertical-align: top; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding: 0pt; vertical-align: bottom; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Jess Jankowski</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; vertical-align: top; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding: 0pt; vertical-align: bottom; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5.4pt; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<IMG SRC="pre14a001.jpg" ALT=""></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: Red"></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 8pt"><I>NANOPHASE
        TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION</I><BR>
        <I>1319 MARQUETTE DRIVE</I>&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 8pt"><I>ROMEOVILLE,
        ILLINOIS 60446</I>&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>VOTE
                                    BY INTERNET - <U>www.proxyvote.com</U> or scan the QR Barcode above</B>&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 8pt">Use
        the Internet to transmit your voting instructions and for electronic delivery of information up until 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time
        the day before the cut-off date or meeting date. Have your proxy card in hand when you access the web site and follow the instructions
        to obtain your records and to create an electronic voting instruction form.</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>ELECTRONIC
        DELIVERY OF FUTURE PROXY MATERIALS</B>&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 8pt">If
        you would like to reduce the costs incurred by our company in mailing proxy materials, you can consent to receiving all future
        proxy statements, proxy cards and reports electronically via e-mail or the Internet. To sign up for electronic delivery, please
        follow the instructions above to vote using the Internet and, when prompted, indicate that you agree to receive or access proxy
        materials electronically in future years.</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>VOTE
        BY PHONE - 1-800-690-6903</B></FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 8pt">Use
        any touch-tone telephone to transmit your voting instructions up until 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time the day before the cut-off date
        or meeting date. Have your proxy card in hand when you call and then follow the instructions.</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B>VOTE
        BY MAIL</B></FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 8pt">Mark,
        sign and date your proxy card and return it in the postage-paid envelope we have provided or return it to Vote Processing, c/o
        Broadridge, 51 Mercedes Way, Edgewood, NY 11717.</FONT></P></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 14%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 22%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 22%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 35%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="6"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">TO VOTE, MARK BLOCKS BELOW IN BLUE OR BLACK INK AS FOLLOWS:</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="4" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt dashed"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt dashed; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">V52191-S89090</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt dashed; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">KEEP THIS PORTION FOR YOUR RECORDS</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="4" STYLE="padding-top: 5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-top: 5pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>THIS PROXY CARD IS VALID ONLY WHEN SIGNED AND DATED.</B> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 5pt; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">DETACH AND RETURN THIS PORTION ONLY</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 4pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
<div STYLE="BORDER:solid BLACK 1Pt;padding-left:2%;padding-Right:2%;padding-top:1%;padding-bottom:1%;width:96%">
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>NANOPHASE
TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION</B></FONT></P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 18%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 31%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 4%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 4%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
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    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>The Board of Directors recommends you vote FOR proposal 1.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>For</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Against</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Abstain</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>1.&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 10pt"><P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">TO AMEND THE COMPANY&rsquo;S CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION TO INCREASE
THE NUMBER OF AUTHORIZED SHARES OF COMMON STOCK FROM 60,000,000 TO 95,000,000.</FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&#9744;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
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    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>NOTE</B>: EACH OF THE PERSONS NAMED AS PROXIES ARE AUTHORIZED, IN SUCH PERSON'S
DISCRETION, TO VOTE UPON SUCH OTHER MATTERS AS MAY PROPERLY COME BEFORE THE SPECIAL MEETING, OR ANY ADJOURNMENTS THEREOF.</FONT></TD>
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    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
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<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Please sign exactly as your name(s) appear(s) hereon. When signing
as attorney, executor, administrator, or other fiduciary, please give full title as such. Joint owners should each sign personally. All
holders must sign. If a corporation or partnership, please sign in full corporate or partnership name, by authorized officer.</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 30%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 4%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 30%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 25%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 8pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-left: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 2.25pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid"></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 2.25pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 2.25pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Signature [PLEASE SIGN WITHIN BOX]</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Signature (Joint Owners)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Important
Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Special Meeting:</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Notice and Proxy Statement and Form 10K are available at <U>www.proxyvote.com</U></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<TD STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt dashed; padding-top: 3pt; text-align: right; padding-bottom: 3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 8pt">V52192-S89090&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

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<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.5in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
                                                                                                            <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.25in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt"><B>NANOPHASE
                                            TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION</B><BR>
                                            <B>1319 MARQUETTE DRIVE</B><BR>
                                            <B>ROMEOVILLE, ILLINOIS 60446</B></FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.25in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt"></FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.25in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt"><B>PROXY
        FOR THE SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS</B><BR>
        <B>TO BE HELD ON JUNE 18, 2024</B><BR>
        <B>THIS PROXY IS SOLICITED ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS</B></FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.25in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.25in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">The undersigned stockholder(s) hereby appoint(s) Jess Jankowski, with
full power of substitution, as attorney and proxy for, and in the name and place of, the undersigned, and hereby authorize(s) Mr. Jankowski
to represent and to vote all of the shares which the undersigned is entitled to vote at the Special Meeting of Stockholders of Nanophase
Technologies Corporation to be held at Nanophase Technologies Corporation, 1319 Marquette Drive, Romeoville, Illinois 60446, on Tuesday,
June 18, 2024 at 8:30 a.m., Chicago time, and at any adjournments thereof, upon the matters as set forth in the Notice of Special Meeting
of Stockholders and Proxy Statement, receipt of which is hereby acknowledged.</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>THIS PROXY, WHEN PROPERLY EXECUTED AND RETURNED IN A TIMELY MANNER,
WILL BE VOTED AT THE SPECIAL MEETING AND AT ANY ADJOURNMENTS THEREOF IN THE MANNER DIRECTED HEREIN BY THE UNDERSIGNED STOCKHOLDER(S).
IF NO CONTRARY INDICATION IS MADE, THE PROXY WILL BE VOTED FOR PROPOSAL 1, AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE JUDGMENT OF THE PERSONS NAMED AS
PROXIES HEREIN ON ANY OTHER MATTERS THAT MAY PROPERLY COME BEFORE THE SPECIAL MEETING.</B></FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>PLEASE MARK, SIGN, DATE AND RETURN THIS PROXY CARD PROMPTLY USING THE
ENCLOSED ENVELOPE.</B></FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.25in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Continued and to be signed on reverse side</B></FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.5in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
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