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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

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Form 10-Q

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​ | ​
☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

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For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019

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OR

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☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

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For the transition period from to

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Commission File Number 001-12593

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ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | 47-0728886 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
500 Cummings Center, Suite 2450 Beverly, Massachusetts (Address of principal executive offices) | 01915 (Zip Code)

(978) 619-1300

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share |  | ATNI |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

​

​ | ​ | ​
Large accelerated filer ⌧ | ​ | Accelerated filer ◻
​ | ​ | ​
Non-accelerated filer ◻ | ​ | Smaller reporting company ☐
​ | ​ | ​ Emerging growth company ☐ ​

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes ☐ No ⌧

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As of November 8, 2019, the registrant had outstanding 15,998,204 shares of its common stock ($.01 par value).

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1

ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

FORM 10-Q

​

Quarter Ended September 30, 2019

​

​ | ​ | ​
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS | 3
​ | ​ | ​
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 4
​ | ​ | ​
Item 1 | Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 4
​ | ​ | ​
​ | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 | 4
​ | ​ | ​
​ | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 | 5
​ | ​ | ​
​ | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 | 6
​ | ​ | ​
​ | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 | 8
​ | ​ | ​
​ | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 | 9
​ | ​ | ​
​ | Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 10
​ | ​ | ​
Item 2 | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 30-55
​ | ​ | ​
Item 3 | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 55
​ | ​ | ​
Item 4 | Controls and Procedures | 56
​ | ​ | ​
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION | 56
​ | ​ | ​
Item 1 | Legal Proceedings | 56
​ | ​ | ​
Item 1A | Risk Factors | 56
​ | ​ | ​
Item 2 | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 58
​ | ​
Item 6 | Exhibits | 59
​ | ​ | ​
SIGNATURES | 60
​ | ​ | ​
CERTIFICATIONS | ​

​

​

​

2

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

​

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (or the “Report”) contains forward-looking statements relating to, among other matters, our future financial performance and results of operations; estimates regarding revenues from our customers and timing of restoration of our wirelines in the US Virgin Islands following Hurricanes Irma and Maria (the “Hurricanes”); the competitive environment in our key markets, demand for our services and industry trends; the pace of expansion and improvement of our telecommunications network and renewable energy operations including our level of estimated future capital expenditures and our realization of the benefits of these investments and their impact on our customers; the anticipated timing of our build schedule and energy production of our India renewable energy projects; our pipeline of additional solar capacity; expectations regarding our revenue, expenses and financial performance; our compliance with requirements for certain grants and programs and the anticipated timing of the receipt of funds under such grants and programs, including under the new Connect USVI Fund, which will replace the Universal Service Fund; the impact of new accounting pronouncements; our satisfaction of performance obligations; the impact of litigation; the sufficiency of our cash and our expectations regarding capital expenditures; and management’s plans and strategy for the future. These forward-looking statements are based on estimates, projections, beliefs, and assumptions and are not guarantees of future events or results. Actual future events and results could differ materially from the events and results indicated in these statements as a result of many factors, including, among others, (1) the general performance of our operations, including operating margins, revenues, capital expenditures, and the future growth and retention of our major customers and subscriber base and commercial and industrial demand for solar power; (2) our ability to maintain favorable roaming arrangements and satisfy the needs and demands of our major wireless customers; (3) our ability to efficiently and cost-effectively upgrade our networks and IT platforms to address rapid and significant technological changes and cyber security concerns in the telecommunications industry; (4) government regulation of our businesses, which may impact our Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) and other telecommunications licenses or our renewables business; (5) our reliance on a limited number of key suppliers and vendors for timely supply of equipment and services relating to our network infrastructure; (6) our ability to receive financial support from the government for our rebuild in the US Virgin Islands and the timing of such support, including under the new Connect USVI Fund, which will replace the Universal Service Fund; (7) economic, political and other risks facing our operations; (8) the loss of or an inability to recruit skilled personnel in our various jurisdictions, including key members of management; (9) our ability to find investment or acquisition or disposition opportunities that fit the strategic goals of the Company; (10) the occurrence of weather events and natural catastrophes; (11) increased competition; (12) the adequacy and expansion capabilities of our network capacity and customer service system to support our customer growth; (13) our continued access to capital and credit markets; and (14) the risk of currency fluctuation for those markets in which we operate. These and other additional factors that may cause actual future events and results to differ materially from the events and results indicated in the forward-looking statements above are set forth more fully under Item 1A “Risk Factors” of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on February 28, 2019 as may be updated by our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and the other reports we file from time to time with the SEC. Except as required by law, the Company undertakes no obligation and has no intention to update these forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors that may affect such forward-looking statements.

​

In this Report, the words “the Company”, “we,” “our,” “ours,” “us” and “ATN” refer to ATN International, Inc. and its subsidiaries. This Report contains trademarks, service marks and trade names that are the property of, or licensed by, ATN and its subsidiaries.

​

Reference to dollars ($) refer to US dollars unless otherwise specifically indicated.

​

​

​

​

3

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share data)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | December 31,
​ |  | 2019 |  | 2018
ASSETS | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current Assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | $ | 165,280 | ​ | $ | 191,836
Restricted cash | ​ |  | 1,071 | ​ |  | 1,071
Short-term investments | ​ |  | 3,250 | ​ |  | 393
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $17.2 million and $16.5 million, respectively | ​ |  | 44,640 | ​ |  | 38,305
Inventory, materials and supplies | ​ |  | 5,321 | ​ |  | 6,305
Prepayments and other current assets | ​ |  | 38,249 | ​ |  | 37,855
Total current assets | ​ |  | 257,811 | ​ |  | 275,765
Fixed Assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Property, plant and equipment | ​ |  | 1,214,031 | ​ |  | 1,188,916
Less accumulated depreciation | ​ |  | (608,530) | ​ |  | (562,064)
Net fixed assets | ​ |  | 605,501 | ​ |  | 626,852
Telecommunication licenses, net | ​ |  | 93,686 | ​ |  | 93,686
Goodwill | ​ |  | 63,970 | ​ |  | 63,970
Customer relationships, net | ​ |  | 7,865 | ​ |  | 9,323
Operating lease right-of-use assets | ​ |  | 71,111 | ​ |  | —
Other assets | ​ |  | 62,856 | ​ |  | 37,708
Total assets | ​ | $ | 1,162,800 | ​ | $ | 1,107,304
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current Liabilities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current portion of long-term debt | ​ | $ | 4,688 | ​ | $ | 4,688
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | ​ |  | 95,303 | ​ |  | 80,873
Dividends payable | ​ |  | 2,720 | ​ |  | 2,720
Accrued taxes | ​ |  | 9,999 | ​ |  | 31,795
Current portion of operating lease liabilities | ​ | ​ | 9,912 | ​ | ​ | —
Advance payments and deposits | ​ |  | 18,408 | ​ |  | 20,574
Total current liabilities | ​ |  | 141,030 | ​ |  | 140,650
Deferred income taxes | ​ |  | 3,989 | ​ |  | 10,276
Operating lease liabilities, excluding current portion | ​ | ​ | 59,663 | ​ | ​ | —
Other liabilities | ​ |  | 56,242 | ​ |  | 46,760
Long-term debt, excluding current portion | ​ |  | 83,577 | ​ |  | 86,294
Total liabilities | ​ |  | 344,501 | ​ |  | 283,980
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
ATN International, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share; 50,000,000 shares authorized; 17,308,504 and 17,274,215 shares issued, respectively, 15,998,504 and 16,002,699 shares outstanding, respectively | ​ |  | 172 | ​ |  | 172
Treasury stock, at cost; 1,310,000 and 1,271,516 shares, respectively | ​ |  | (50,384) | ​ |  | (48,547)
Additional paid-in capital | ​ |  | 186,446 | ​ |  | 181,778
Retained earnings | ​ |  | 554,363 | ​ |  | 563,593
Accumulated other comprehensive income | ​ |  | (2,514) | ​ |  | (1,609)
Total ATN International, Inc. stockholders’ equity | ​ |  | 688,083 | ​ |  | 695,387
Non-controlling interests | ​ |  | 130,216 | ​ |  | 127,937
Total equity | ​ |  | 818,299 | ​ |  | 823,324
Total liabilities and equity | ​ | $ | 1,162,800 | ​ | $ | 1,107,304

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

​

4

ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019 AND 2018

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, Except Per Share Data)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three months ended September 30, | ​ | Nine months ended September 30,
​ |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
REVENUE: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Wireless | ​ | $ | 54,555 | ​ | $ | 52,003 | ​ | $ | 143,705 | ​ | $ | 153,046
Wireline | ​ |  | 59,623 | ​ |  | 63,717 | ​ |  | 178,555 | ​ |  | 173,083
Renewable energy | ​ |  | 1,438 | ​ |  | 5,418 | ​ |  | 4,377 | ​ |  | 17,272
Total revenue | ​ |  | 115,616 | ​ |  | 121,138 | ​ |  | 326,637 | ​ |  | 343,401
OPERATING EXPENSES (excluding depreciation and amortization unless otherwise indicated): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Termination and access fees | ​ |  | 27,622 | ​ |  | 29,866 | ​ |  | 83,440 | ​ |  | 84,037
Engineering and operations | ​ |  | 20,095 | ​ |  | 18,177 | ​ |  | 58,234 | ​ |  | 54,738
Sales, marketing and customer service | ​ |  | 9,785 | ​ |  | 8,995 | ​ |  | 29,048 | ​ |  | 25,969
General and administrative | ​ |  | 25,110 | ​ |  | 25,210 | ​ |  | 75,518 | ​ |  | 77,470
Transaction-related charges | ​ |  | 21 | ​ |  | 178 | ​ |  | 89 | ​ |  | 642
Depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | 22,603 | ​ |  | 21,384 | ​ |  | 64,870 | ​ |  | 64,602
(Gain) Loss on disposition of long-lived assets | ​ | ​ | 132 | ​ | ​ | (13,496) | ​ | ​ | 321 | ​ | ​ | (15,509)
Loss on damaged assets and other hurricane related charges, net of insurance recovery | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | 666
Total operating expenses | ​ |  | 105,368 | ​ |  | 90,314 | ​ |  | 311,520 | ​ |  | 292,615
Income from operations | ​ |  | 10,248 | ​ |  | 30,824 | ​ |  | 15,117 | ​ |  | 50,786
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest income | ​ | ​ | 414 | ​ | ​ | 568 | ​ | ​ | 1,860 | ​ | ​ | 1,420
Interest expense | ​ |  | (1,298) | ​ |  | (2,229) | ​ |  | (3,843) | ​ | ​ | (6,759)
Other expenses | ​ |  | (2,686) | ​ |  | (1,244) | ​ |  | (2,755) | ​ | ​ | (3,042)
Other income (expense), net | ​ |  | (3,570) | ​ |  | (2,905) | ​ |  | (4,738) | ​ |  | (8,381)
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES | ​ |  | 6,678 | ​ |  | 27,919 | ​ |  | 10,379 | ​ |  | 42,405
Income tax provisions | ​ |  | 1,834 | ​ |  | 7,010 | ​ |  | 2,774 | ​ |  | 13,018
NET INCOME | ​ |  | 4,844 | ​ |  | 20,909 | ​ |  | 7,605 | ​ |  | 29,387
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests, net of tax expense of $0.4 million, $0.5 million, $1.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively. | ​ |  | (3,459) | ​ |  | (3,887) | ​ |  | (8,657) | ​ |  | (10,705)
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. STOCKHOLDERS | ​ | $ | 1,385 | ​ | $ | 17,022 | ​ | $ | (1,052) | ​ | $ | 18,682
NET INCOME (LOSS) PER WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. STOCKHOLDERS: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic | ​ | $ | 0.09 | ​ | $ | 1.07 | ​ | $ | (0.07) | ​ | $ | 1.17
Diluted | ​ | $ | 0.09 | ​ | $ | 1.06 | ​ | $ | (0.07) | ​ | $ | 1.16
WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic | ​ |  | 16,000 | ​ |  | 15,958 | ​ |  | 15,984 | ​ |  | 15,987
Diluted | ​ |  | 16,007 | ​ |  | 16,021 | ​ |  | 15,984 | ​ |  | 16,042
DIVIDENDS PER SHARE APPLICABLE TO COMMON STOCK | ​ | $ | 0.17 | ​ | $ | 0.17 | ​ | $ | 0.51 | ​ | $ | 0.51

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

​

​

5

ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019 AND 2018

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended September 30, | ​ | Nine Months Ended September 30,
​ |  | 2019 |  | 2018 | ​ | 2019 |  | 2018
Net income | ​ | $ | 4,844 | ​ | $ | 20,909 | ​ | $ | 7,605 | ​ | $ | 29,387
Other comprehensive income (loss): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Foreign currency translation adjustment | ​ |  | (1,194) | ​ |  | (2,510) | ​ |  | (694) | ​ |  | (6,093)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives | ​ | ​ | (38) | ​ | ​ | 45 | ​ | ​ | (211) | ​ | ​ | 226
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | ​ |  | (1,232) | ​ |  | (2,465) | ​ |  | (905) | ​ |  | (5,867)
Comprehensive income | ​ |  | 3,612 | ​ |  | 18,444 | ​ |  | 6,700 | ​ |  | 23,520
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests | ​ |  | (3,459) | ​ |  | (3,887) | ​ |  | (8,657) | ​ |  | (10,705)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to ATN International, Inc. | ​ | $ | 153 | ​ | $ | 14,557 | ​ | $ | (1,957) | ​ | $ | 12,815

​

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

​

6

ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019 AND 2018

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | Accumulated |  | Total |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Treasury | ​ | Additional | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Other | ​ | ATNI | ​ | Non- | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Common | ​ | Stock, | ​ | Paid In | ​ | Retained | ​ | Comprehensive | ​ | Stockholders’ | ​ | Controlling | ​ | Total | ​
​ | ​ | Stock | ​ | at cost | ​ | Capital | ​ | Earnings | ​ | Income/(Loss) | ​ | Equity | ​ | Interests | ​ | Equity |
Balance, June 30, 2019 | ​ | $ | 172 | ​ | $ | (50,125) | ​ | $ | 185,112 | ​ | $ | 555,806 | ​ | $ | (1,282) | ​ | $ | 689,683 | ​ | $ | 128,858 | ​ | $ | 818,541 | ​
Issuance of 2,000 shares of common stock upon exercise of stock options | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 62 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 62 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 62 | ​
Purchase of 8,542 shares of common stock | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | (259) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (259) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (259) | ​
Stock-based compensation | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,272 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,272 | ​ | ​ | 275 | ​ | ​ | 1,547 | ​
Dividends declared on common stock ($0.17 per common share) | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (2,828) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (2,828) | ​ | ​ | (1,885) | ​ | ​ | (4,713) | ​
Repurchase of non-controlling interests | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (491) | ​ | ​ | (491) | ​
Comprehensive income: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net income (loss) | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,385 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,385 | ​ | ​ | 3,459 | ​ | ​ | 4,844 | ​
Other comprehensive income | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (1,232) | ​ | ​ | (1,232) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (1,232) | ​
Total comprehensive income (loss) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | 153 | ​ |  | 3,459 | ​ |  | 3,612 | ​
Balance, September 30, 2019 | ​ | $ | 172 | ​ | $ | (50,384) | ​ | $ | 186,446 | ​ | $ | 554,363 | ​ | $ | (2,514) | ​ | $ | 688,083 | ​ | $ | 130,216 | ​ | $ | 818,299 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance, June 30, 2018 | ​ | $ | 170 | ​ | $ | (40,268) | ​ | $ | 172,170 | ​ | $ | 550,872 | ​ | $ | 141 | ​ | $ | 683,085 | ​ | $ | 136,424 | ​ | $ | 819,509 | ​
Issuance of 2,200 shares of common stock upon exercise of stock options | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 72 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 72 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 72 | ​
Purchase of 261 shares of common stock | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | (17) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (17) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (17) | ​
Stock-based compensation | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,392 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,392 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,392 | ​
Dividends declared on common stock ($0.17 per common share) | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (2,714) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (2,714) | ​ | ​ | (2,511) | ​ | ​ | (5,225) | ​
Repurchase of non-controlling interests | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,280 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,280 | ​ | ​ | (6,408) | ​ | ​ | (5,128) | ​
Comprehensive income: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net income | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 17,022 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 17,022 | ​ | ​ | 3,887 | ​ | ​ | 20,909 | ​
Other comprehensive loss | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (2,465) | ​ | ​ | (2,465) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (2,465) | ​
Total comprehensive income | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | 14,557 | ​ |  | 3,887 | ​ |  | 18,444 | ​
Balance, September 30, 2018 | ​ | $ | 170 | ​ | $ | (40,285) | ​ | $ | 174,914 | ​ | $ | 565,180 | ​ | $ | (2,324) | ​ | $ | 697,655 | ​ | $ | 131,392 | ​ | $ | 829,047 | ​

​

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

​

7

ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019 AND 2018

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | Accumulated |  | Total |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Treasury | ​ | Additional | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Other | ​ | ATNI | ​ | Non- | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Common | ​ | Stock, | ​ | Paid In | ​ | Retained | ​ | Comprehensive | ​ | Stockholders’ | ​ | Controlling | ​ | Total | ​
​ | ​ | Stock | ​ | at cost | ​ | Capital | ​ | Earnings | ​ | Income/(Loss) | ​ | Equity | ​ | Interests | ​ | Equity |
Balance, December 31, 2018 | ​ | $ | 172 | ​ | $ | (48,547) | ​ | $ | 181,778 | ​ | $ | 563,593 | ​ | $ | (1,609) | ​ | $ | 695,387 | ​ | $ | 127,937 | ​ | $ | 823,324 | ​
Issuance of 2,000 shares of common stock upon exercise of stock options | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 62 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 62 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 62 | ​
Purchase of 28,393 shares of common stock | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | (1,837) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (1,837) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (1,837) | ​
Stock-based compensation | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4,606 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4,606 | ​ | ​ | 275 | ​ | ​ | 4,881 | ​
Dividends declared on common stock ($0.51 per common share) | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (8,178) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (8,178) | ​ | ​ | (5,788) | ​ | ​ | (13,966) | ​
Repurchase of non-controlling interests | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (1,353) | ​ | ​ | (1,353) | ​
Investments made by minority shareholders in consolidated affiliates | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 488 | ​ | ​ | 488 | ​
Comprehensive income: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net income (loss) | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (1,052) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (1,052) | ​ | ​ | 8,657 | ​ | ​ | 7,605 | ​
Other comprehensive income | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (905) | ​ | ​ | (905) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (905) | ​
Total comprehensive income (loss) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | (1,957) | ​ |  | 8,657 | ​ |  | 6,700 | ​
Balance, September 30, 2019 | ​ | $ | 172 | ​ | $ | (50,384) | ​ | $ | 186,446 | ​ | $ | 554,363 | ​ | $ | (2,514) | ​ | $ | 688,083 | ​ | $ | 130,216 | ​ | $ | 818,299 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance, December 31, 2017 | ​ | $ | 170 | ​ | $ | (36,110) | ​ | $ | 167,973 | ​ | $ | 552,948 | ​ | $ | 3,746 | ​ | $ | 688,727 | ​ | $ | 141,496 | ​ | $ | 830,223 | ​
Issuance of 14,700 shares of common stock upon exercise of stock options | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 571 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 571 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 571 | ​
Purchase of 73,183 shares of common stock | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | (4,175) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (4,175) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (4,175) | ​
Stock-based compensation | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 5,071 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 5,071 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 5,071 | ​
Dividends declared on common stock ($0.51 per common share) | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (8,115) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (8,115) | ​ | ​ | (15,487) | ​ | ​ | (23,602) | ​
Repurchase of non-controlling interests | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,273 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,273 | ​ | ​ | (6,469) | ​ | ​ | (5,196) | ​
Cumulative effect adjustment due to adoption of new accounting pronouncements | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 26 | ​ | ​ | 1,665 | ​ | ​ | (203) | ​ | ​ | 1,488 | ​ | ​ | 1,147 | ​ | ​ | 2,635 | ​
Comprehensive income: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net income | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 18,682 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 18,682 | ​ | ​ | 10,705 | ​ | ​ | 29,387 | ​
Other comprehensive loss | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (5,867) | ​ | ​ | (5,867) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (5,867) | ​
Total comprehensive income | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | 12,815 | ​ |  | 10,705 | ​ |  | 23,520 | ​
Balance, September 30, 2018 | ​ | $ | 170 | ​ | $ | (40,285) | ​ | $ | 174,914 | ​ | $ | 565,180 | ​ | $ | (2,324) | ​ | $ | 697,655 | ​ | $ | 131,392 | ​ | $ | 829,047 | ​

​

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

​

​

8

​

​

ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019 AND 2018

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Nine Months Ended September 30,
​ | 2019 |  | 2018
Cash flows from operating activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net income | $ | 7,605 | ​ | $ | 29,387
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows provided by operating activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Depreciation and amortization | ​ | 64,870 | ​ |  | 64,602
Provision for doubtful accounts | ​ | 3,796 | ​ |  | 4,199
Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs | ​ | 420 | ​ |  | 591
Stock-based compensation | ​ | 4,881 | ​ |  | 5,071
Deferred income taxes | ​ | (6,287) | ​ |  | (3,062)
Loss on non-controlling equity investment | ​ | 2,131 | ​ | ​ | —
(Gain) loss on disposition of long-lived assets | ​ | 321 | ​ | ​ | (15,509)
Unrealized loss on foreign currency | ​ | 233 | ​ | ​ | 1,951
Other non-cash activity | ​ | 28 | ​ | ​ | 246
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding the effects of acquisitions and dispositions: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Accounts receivable | ​ | (10,193) | ​ |  | (7,257)
Materials and supplies, prepayments, and other current assets | ​ | (5,507) | ​ |  | (715)
Prepaid income taxes | ​ | 5,158 | ​ |  | 3,147
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities, advance payments and deposits and other current liabilities | ​ | 6,324 | ​ |  | 6,926
Accrued taxes | ​ | (19,047) | ​ |  | 7,410
Other assets | ​ | (2,041) | ​ | ​ | 139
Other liabilities | ​ | 4,155 | ​ |  | 888
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 56,847 | ​ |  | 98,014
Cash flows from investing activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Capital expenditures |  | (49,363) | ​ |  | (75,375)
Hurricane rebuild capital expenditures | ​ | (123) | ​ | ​ | (78,903)
Hurricane insurance proceeds | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 34,606
Receipt of government grants | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 5,400
Divestiture of businesses, net of transferred cash of $0.0 |  | — | ​ |  | 926
Purchase of other investments | ​ | (10,285) | ​ | ​ | (3,000)
Proceeds from sale of assets | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4,130
Purchase of short-term investments | ​ | (8,028) | ​ | ​ | —
Sale of short-term investments | ​ | 5,141 | ​ | ​ | 6,564
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (62,658) | ​ |  | (105,652)
Cash flows from financing activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Dividends paid on common stock |  | (8,160) | ​ |  | (8,153)
Distributions to non-controlling interests |  | (5,760) | ​ |  | (15,271)
Payment of debt issuance costs |  | (1,340) | ​ |  | —
Principal repayments of term loan |  | (2,825) | ​ |  | (5,723)
Proceeds from stock option exercises | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 72
Stock-based compensation share repurchases |  | (1,607) | ​ |  | (2,101)
Purchases of common stock- share repurchase plan | ​ | (162) | ​ | ​ | (1,576)
Repurchases of non-controlling interests | ​ | (1,353) | ​ | ​ | (5,196)
Investments made by minority shareholders in consolidated affiliates |  | 488 | ​ |  | —
Net cash used in financing activities |  | (20,719) | ​ |  | (37,948)
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents |  | (26) | ​ |  | (353)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash |  | (26,556) | ​ |  | (45,939)
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period |  | 192,907 | ​ |  | 219,890
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period | $ | 166,351 | ​ | $ | 173,951
Noncash investing activity: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Transfer from inventory, materials and supplies to property, plant and equipment | $ | — | ​ | $ | 6,708
Purchases of property, plant and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 7,419 | ​ | $ | 13,202

​

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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9

ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

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1. ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS

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The Company is a holding company that, directly and through its subsidiaries, owns and operates telecommunications businesses in North America, Bermuda and the Caribbean as well as a renewable energy business in India. The Company was incorporated in Delaware in 1987, began trading publicly in 1991 and spun off more than a half of its operations to stockholders in 1998. Since that time, the Company has engaged in many strategic acquisitions and investments to help grow its operations using the cash generated from its established operating units to re-invest in its existing businesses and to make strategic investments in earlier stage businesses. The Company looks for businesses that offer growth opportunities or potential strategic benefits but require additional capital investment in order to execute on their business plans. The Company holds controlling positions with respect to some of its investments and non-controlling positions in others. These strategic investments frequently offer a product and service development component in addition to the prospects of generating returns on its invested capital.

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The Company has identified three operating segments to manage and review its operations and to facilitate investor presentations of its results. Those three operating segments are as follows:

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| ● | US Telecom. In the United States, the Company offers wireless and wireline services. The Company offers wholesale wireless voice and data roaming services to national, regional, local and selected international wireless carriers in rural markets located principally in the Southwest United States. The Company also provides retail wireless and other infrastructure services in certain areas where we offer those wholesale services and wholesale long-distance voice wireline services to telecommunications carriers.

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| ● | International Telecom. The Company’s international wireless services include voice and data services to retail customers in Bermuda, Guyana and the US Virgin Islands. The Company’s international wireline services include voice and data services in Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Guyana and the US Virgin Islands, as well as video services in Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, and the US Virgin Islands. In addition, the Company offers wholesale long distance voice services to other telecommunications carriers in the countries in which it offers international wireline services.

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| ● | Renewable Energy. In India, the Company provides distributed generation solar power to corporate, utility and municipal customers. Through November 6, 2018, the Company also provided distributed generation solar power in the United States in Massachusetts, California and New Jersey.

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The following chart summarizes the operating activities of the Company’s principal subsidiaries, the segments in which the Company reports its revenue and the markets it served as of September 30, 2019:

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Segment |  | Services |  | Markets |  | Tradenames |
US Telecom |  | Wireless |  | United States (rural markets) |  | Choice, Choice NTUA Wireless, Commnet, WestNet, Geoverse | ​
​ |  | Wireline |  | United States |  | Essextel, Deploycom | ​
International Telecom |  | Wireline |  | Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Guyana, US Virgin Islands |  | Fireminds, GTT+, One, Logic, Viya | ​
​ |  | Wireless |  | Bermuda, Guyana, US Virgin Islands |  | GTT+, One, Viya | ​
​ | ​ | Video Services | ​ | Bermuda, Cayman Islands, US Virgin Islands | ​ | Logic, One, Viya | ​
Renewable Energy | ​ | Solar | ​ | India | ​ | Vibrant Energy | ​

​

The Company actively evaluates potential acquisitions, investment opportunities and other strategic transactions, both domestic and international, that meet its return on investment and other criteria. In addition, the Company considers non-controlling investments in earlier stage businesses that it considers strategically relevant, and which may offer long-term growth potential for the Company, either individually, or as research and development businesses that can support the Company’s operating subsidiaries in new product and service development and offerings. The Company provides management, technical, financial, regulatory, and marketing services to its subsidiaries and typically receives a management fee equal to a percentage of their revenues which is eliminated in consolidation. For further information about the Company’s financial segments and geographical information about its operating revenues and assets, see Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report.

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2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

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The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The financial information included herein is unaudited; however, the Company believes such information and the disclosures herein are adequate to make the information presented not misleading and reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that are necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position and results of operations for such periods. The year-end condensed balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Results of interim periods may not be indicative of results for the full year. These condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on February 28, 2019.

​

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its subsidiaries in which the Company holds controlling interests and certain entities, which are consolidated in accordance with the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) authoritative guidance on the consolidation of variable interest entities, since it is determined that the Company is the primary beneficiary of these entities.

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASU 2014-09”), and subsequently issued related updates, (collectively known as “ASC 606”), which provides a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers. The revenue standard is based on the principle that revenue should be recognized to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those

11

goods or services. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018. Refer to Note 3 of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Report.

​

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, “Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“ASU 2016-01”), which addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018. Upon adoption, the Company held $20.1 million of non-controlling equity investments that did not have readily determinable fair values. As a result these investments are measured at cost less impairments, adjusted for observable price changes of similar investments of the same issuer. Refer to Note 3 of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Report. Upon adoption, the Company held $0.6 million of non-controlling equity investments with readily determinable fair values and reclassified $0.2 million of unrealized gains on this investment to retained earnings.

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In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” and subsequently issued related updates (“ASU 2016-02”), which provide comprehensive lease accounting guidance. The standard requires entities to recognize lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet as well as disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 became effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASC 2016-02 on January 1, 2019 utilizing the optional transition method with a cumulative adjustment on the date of adoption and not adjusting prior periods. Refer to Note 4 of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments,” which provides further clarification on eight cash flow classification issues. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash,” (“ASU 2016-18”). The amendments in ASU 2016-18 are intended to reduce diversity in practice related to the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows. The amendments in ASU 2016-18 require that amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018.

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In October 2016 the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, “Accounting for Income Taxes: Intra-Entity Asset Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory”. The new standard eliminates all intra-entity sales of assets other than inventory, the exception under current standards that permits the tax effects of intra-entity asset transfers to be deferred until the transferred asset is sold to a third party or otherwise recovered through use. As a result, a reporting entity would recognize the tax expense from the sale of the asset in the seller’s tax jurisdiction when the transfer occurs. Any deferred tax asset that arises in the buyer’s jurisdiction would also be recognized at the time of the transfer. The new standard was effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. There was not a material impact to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements upon adoption.

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In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, “Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost”. The new guidance requires the service cost component to be presented separately from the other components of net benefit costs. Service cost will be presented with other employee compensation cost within income from operations. The other components of net benefit cost, such as interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortization of prior service cost and gains or losses are required to be presented in other income. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018. There was not a material impact to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements upon adoption.

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In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) – Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities” (“ASU 2017-12”). The standard: (a) expands and refines hedge accounting for both financial and non-financial risk components, (b) aligns the recognition and presentation of the effects of hedging instruments and hedge items in the financial statements, and (c) includes certain targeted improvements to ease the application of current guidance related to the assessment of hedge effectiveness. The guidance is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after

12

December 15, 2018. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2019. There was not a material impact to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements upon adoption.

​

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.” (“ASU 2018-02”). The standard gives entities the option to reclassify to retained earnings tax effects related to items in accumulated other comprehensive income that were impacted by the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The guidance is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2018 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The guidance may be applied in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each impacted period. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018. The impact of the adoption resulted in a $0.8 million reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings offset by an equivalent valuation allowance.

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In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (“ASU 2018-15”). This standard requires entities that are customers in cloud computing arrangements to defer implementation costs if they would be capitalized by the entity in software licensing arrangements under the internal-use software guidance. The guidance may be applied retrospectively or prospectively to implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. ASU 2018-15 is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company prospectively adopted this standard in the fourth quarter of 2018. The Company had $1.2 million and $3.6 million of capitalized implementation costs at December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, respectively, and $0.1 million of implementation costs were amortized during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

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In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). ASC 2016-13 requires entities to use a new forward-looking, expected loss model to estimate credit losses. It also requires additional disclosure relating to the credit quality of trade and other receivables, including information relating to management’s estimate of credit allowances. The Company will adopt ASU 2016-13 using the modified retrospective approach on its January 1, 2020 effective date and is currently assessing the quantitative impacts on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

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3. REVENUE RECOGNITION

​

Impact of adoption

​

The Company adopted ASC 606 on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. The Company elected the practical expedient to apply the new guidance only to contracts that were not substantially complete at the adoption date. The cumulative effect of adopting ASC 606 resulted in a contract asset of $1.6 million, of which $1.2 million was recorded in prepayments and other current assets, and $0.4 million was recorded in other assets, a contract liability of $0.2 million recorded in advance payments and deposits, contract acquisition costs of $1.5 million of which $0.9 million was recorded in prepayments and other current assets and $0.6 million was recorded in other assets, and a deferred tax liability of $0.3 million with the offset of $1.5 million recorded to retained earnings and $1.1 million recorded to minority interest.

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Contract Assets and Liabilities

​

The Company recognizes contract assets and liabilities on its balance sheet. Contract assets represent unbilled amounts typically resulting from retail wireless contracts with both a multiyear service period and a promotional discount. In these contracts the revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. The current portion of the contract asset is recorded in prepayments and other current assets and the noncurrent portion is included in other assets on the Company’s balance sheet.

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13

Contract liabilities consist of advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized. Retail revenue for postpaid customers is generally billed one month in advance and recognized over the period that the corresponding service is rendered to customers. To the extent the service is not provided by the reporting date the amount is recognized as a contract liability. Prepaid service, including mobile voice and data services, sold to customers is recorded as deferred revenue prior to the commencement of services. Contract liabilities are recorded in advanced payments and deposits on its balance sheets.

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In July 2019, the Company entered into a Network Build and Maintenance Agreement (the “FirstNet Agreement”) with AT&T Mobility, LLC (“AT&T”) to build a portion of AT&T’s network for the First Responder Network Authority (“FirstNet”) as well as a commercial wireless network in or near its current operating area in the Southwestern United States (the “FirstNet Transaction”). The transaction includes construction and service performance obligations. The Company allocated the transaction price of the FirstNet Agreement to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price of each performance obligation in the contract. The standalone selling price is the estimated price the Company would charge for the good or service in a separate transaction with similar customers in similar circumstances.

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Contract assets and liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | September 30, 2019 | ​ | December 31, 2018 | ​ | ​ | $ Change | ​ | % Change
Contract asset – current | $ | 2,148 | ​ | $ | 1,900 | ​ | $ | 248 | ​ | 13 | %
Contract asset – noncurrent | ​ | 703 | ​ | ​ | 802 | ​ | ​ | (99) | ​ | (12) | %
Contract liabilities | ​ | (17,729) | ​ | ​ | (13,787) | ​ | ​ | (3,942) | ​ | (29) | %
Net contract liability | $ | (14,878) | ​ | $ | (11,085) | ​ | $ | (3,793) | ​ | (34) | %

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The contract asset – current is included in prepayments and other current assets, the contract asset – noncurrent is included in other assets, and the contract liabilities are included in advance payments and deposits on the Company’s balance sheet. The increase in the Company’s net contract liability was due to the timing of customer prepayments, contract billings, and the FirstNet Transaction. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recognized revenue of $11.2 million related to its December 31, 2018 contract liability. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 the Company amortized $0.4 million and $1.5 million, respectively, of the December 31, 2018 contract asset into revenue. The Company recognized $11.2 million of revenue in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, related to performance obligations that were satisfied or partially satisfied in previous periods.

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Contract Acquisition Costs

​

The September 30, 2019 balance sheet includes current contract acquisition costs of $1.6 million in prepayments and other current assets and long term contract acquisition costs of $1.0 million in other assets. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company amortized $0.5 million and $1.4 million, respectively, of contract acquisition cost.

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Remaining Performance Obligations

​

Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations of certain multiyear retail wireless contracts, which include a promotional discount, and the Company’s construction and service contracts. The transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations was $275 million and $12 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The Company expects to satisfy the majority of the remaining performance obligations and recognize the transaction price within 24 months and the remainder thereafter.

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The Company has certain retail, wholesale, and renewable energy contracts where transaction price is allocated to remaining performance obligations. However, the Company omits these contracts from the disclosure by applying the right to invoice, one year or less, and wholly unsatisfied performance obligation practical expedients.

14

​

Disaggregation

​

The Company's revenue is presented on a disaggregated basis in Note 14 based on an evaluation of disclosures outside the financial statements, information regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision makers for evaluating the financial performance of operating segments and other information that is used for performance evaluation and resource allocations. This includes revenue from wireline, wireless and renewable energy, as well as domestic versus international wireline and wireless services. This disaggregation of revenue depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

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4. LEASES

​

The Company’s significant accounting policies are detailed in “Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” within Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. The Company’s accounting policies are updated as a result of adopting ASU 2016-02 “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASC 842”) on January 1, 2019. The adoption of ASC 842 impacted the accounting for leases as further described below.

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The Company adopted ASC 842 on January 1, 2019, utilizing the optional transition method with a cumulative adjustment on the date of adoption. Under this approach, the guidance was applied to leases that had commenced as of January 1, 2019 with a cumulative effect adjustment as of that date and prior periods were not adjusted. Upon adoption, the Company recognized an operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) asset of $70.8 million, a short-term lease liability of $8.2 million, and a long-term lease liability of $61.2 million. The adoption had no impact on retained earnings or other components of equity.

The Company elected the package of practical expedients. Under the package of practical expedients, for existing leases, the Company does not reassess: i) whether the arrangement contains a lease; ii) lease classification and; iii) initial direct costs.

The Company determines if an agreement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in ROU assets, current portion of operating lease liabilities, and operating lease liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. To date the Company has prepaid its financing leases. As a result, there is no interest cost, lease liability, or discount rate applicable to financing leases.

ROU assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The present value is calculated using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date, as our leases do not contain an implicit rate. The Company utilized assumptions based on its existing borrowing facilities and other market specific data to determine its incremental borrowing rate. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. The Company’s lease terms may include renewal options to extend the lease. The Company includes renewal options that are reasonably certain to be exercised in the initial lease term. When determining whether a renewal option is reasonably certain to be exercised, the Company considers several factors, including the present and anticipated future needs of its customers being serviced by the asset. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company does not separate non-lease components from lease components.

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The Company has operating and financing leases for towers, land, corporate offices, retail facilities, and data transport capacity. The lease terms are generally between three and ten years, some of which include additional renewal options.

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15

Supplemental lease information

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The components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three months ended September 30, 2019 | ​ | Nine months ended September 30, 2019
Operating lease cost: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating lease cost | $ | 3,627 | ​ | $ | 11,294
Short-term lease cost | ​ | 652 | ​ | ​ | 2,232
Variable lease cost | ​ | 1,151 | ​ | ​ | 2,400
Total operating lease cost | $ | 5,430 | ​ | $ | 15,926
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Finance lease cost: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Amortization of right-of-use asset | $ | 570 | ​ | $ | 1,749
Variable costs | ​ | 244 | ​ | ​ | 802
Total finance lease cost | $ | 814 | ​ | $ | 2,551

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During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company paid $10.2 million of operating cash flows, which were included in the measurement of lease liabilities. Also during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded $7.3 million of lease liabilities arising from right-of-use assets. At September 30, 2019, finance leases with a cost of $25.9 million and accumulated amortization of $8.8 million were included in property, plant and equipment.

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The weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rates as of September 30, 2019 are noted in the table below:

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​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​
Weighted average remaining lease term | ​ | ​
Operating leases | ​ | 6.7 years
Financing leases | ​ | 11.8 years
​ | ​ | ​
Weighted average discount rate | ​ | ​
Operating leases | ​ | 5.0%
Financing leases | ​ | n/a

​

Maturities of lease liabilities as of September 30, 2019 were as follows (in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​
​ | Operating Leases
2019 (excluding the nine months ended September 30, 2019) | $ | 4,247
2020 | ​ | 13,516
2021 | ​ | 13,510
2022 | ​ | 12,551
2023 | ​ | 10,693
Thereafter | ​ | 28,062
Total lease payments | ​ | 82,579
Less imputed interest | ​ | (13,002)
Total | $ | 69,577

​

​

16

Maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2018 were as follows (in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​
​ | Operating Leases
2019 | $ | 11,801
2020 | ​ | 12,650
2021 | ​ | 11,491
2022 | ​ | 10,713
2023 | ​ | 9,990
Thereafter | ​ | 27,325
Total lease payments | $ | 83,970

​

As of September 30, 2019, the Company did not have any material operating or finance leases that have not yet commenced.

​

5. USE OF ESTIMATES

​

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. The most significant estimates relate to the allowance for doubtful accounts, useful lives of the Company’s fixed and finite-lived intangible assets, allocation of purchase price to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations, fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets, goodwill, assessing the impairment of assets, revenue, and income taxes. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

​

6. IMPACT OF HURRICANES IRMA AND MARIA

​

During September 2017, the US Virgin Islands economy, the Company’s customer base and its operations in the US Virgin Islands were severely impacted by Hurricanes Irma and Maria (collectively, the “Hurricanes”). Both the Company’s wireless and wireline networks and commercial operations were severely damaged by these storms and as a result of the significant damage to the wireline network and the lack of consistent commercial power in the territory, the Company was unable to provide most of its wireline services, which comprised the majority of its revenue in this business, from mid-September 2017 through a majority of 2018. The Company received insurance recoveries of $34.6 million in February 2018 to aid its recovery from the impact of the Hurricanes.

​

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, the Company spent $0.1 million and $78.9 million, respectively, for network restoration and resiliency enhancements that allowed the reconnection of a significant majority of affected households and businesses as of the period end. The Company believes that the work it will do to restore its wireline network is substantially complete, however whether the Company’s revenue recovers to pre-Hurricane levels will be impacted by population movements, the negative economic impact the Hurricanes had on the local economy, and the Company’s subscriber base’s future appetite for continued wireline services.

​

7. DISPOSITIONS, PLATFORM AND MINORITY INVESTMENTS

​

Dispositions

​

Renewable Energy

​

On November 6, 2018, the Company completed the sale of its US solar business that owned and managed distributed generation solar power projects operated under the Ahana name in Massachusetts, California and New Jersey (the “US Solar Operations”) to CleanCapital Holdco 4, LLC. The transaction had a total value of approximately $122.6 million, which included a cash purchase price of $65.3 million and the assumption of approximately $57.3 million in debt, and is subject to certain other post-closing adjustments (the “US Solar Transaction”). The Company is finalizing working capital adjustments. Approximately $6.5 million of the purchase price was being held in escrow for a period of

17

twelve months after the closing to secure the Company’s indemnification obligation. The Company received the escrow in November 2019. The table below identifies the assets and liabilities transferred (in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Consideration Received | $ | 65,286 | ​
Assets and liabilities disposed | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash | ​ | 3,049 | ​
Accounts receivable | ​ | 1,248 | ​
Prepayments and other current assets | ​ | 801 | ​
Property, plant and equipment | ​ | 94,678 | ​
Restricted cash | ​ | 8,407 | ​
Other assets | ​ | 38 | ​
Current portion of long-term debt | ​ | (6,992) | ​
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | ​ | (938) | ​
Accrued taxes | ​ | 586 | ​
Long-term debt, excluding current portion | ​ | (48,038) | ​
Net assets disposed | ​ | 52,839 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Consideration less net assets disposed | ​ | 12,447 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Transaction costs | ​ | (2,133) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Gain | $ | 10,314 | ​

​

The Company allocated $1.1 million of the gain to non-controlling interests within the consolidated income statement. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company incurred $2.1 million of transaction related charges pertaining to legal, accounting and consulting services associated with the transaction. The US Solar Operations do not qualify as a discontinued operation because the disposition did not represent a strategic shift that would have a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results. As a result, the historical results are included in continuing operations.

​

Platform Investments

​

US Telecom

​

During the second quarter of 2018, the Company invested in a new platform, based in the United States, to develop in-building wireless network technology that enables building owners to capitalize on the growing demand for better indoor wireless solutions. Also during the second quarter of 2018, the Company provided funding for another new platform, based in the United States, seeking to “build to suit” large-scale fiber networks to serve the telecommunications and content provider industries in need of lower latency long haul fiber transit services. Both of these investments are consolidated in the Company’s results.

​

8. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

​

In accordance with the provisions of fair value accounting, a fair value measurement assumes that a transaction to sell an asset or transfer a liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability and defines fair value based upon an exit price model.

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The fair value measurement guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The guidance describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

​ | ​ | ​
Level 1 | ​ | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. Active markets are those in which transactions for the asset and liability occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. Level 1 assets and liabilities include money market funds, debt and equity securities and derivative contracts that are traded in an active exchange market. ​
​ | ​ | ​
Level 2 | ​ | Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 2 assets and liabilities include debt securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments and derivative contracts whose value is determined using a pricing model with inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. This category generally includes corporate obligations and non-exchange traded derivative contracts. ​
​ | ​ | ​
Level 3 | ​ | Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments and intangible assets that have been impaired whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

​

Assets and liabilities of the Company measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are summarized as follows (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | September 30, 2019 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | Significant Other | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Quoted Prices in | ​ | Observable | ​ | Unobservable | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Active Markets | ​ | Inputs | ​ | Inputs | ​ | ​ | ​
Description | ​ | (Level 1) | ​ | (Level 2) | ​ | (Level 3) | ​ | Total
Certificates of deposit | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 3,380 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 3,380
Money market funds | ​ | ​ | 2,151 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 2,151
Short term investments | ​ | ​ | 250 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 250
Other investments | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 12,394 | ​ | ​ | 12,394
Interest rate swap | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (81) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (81)
Total assets and liabilities measured at fair value | ​ | $ | 2,401 | ​ | $ | 3,299 | ​ | $ | 12,394 | ​ | $ | 18,094

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | December 31, 2018
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | Significant Other |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Quoted Prices in | ​ | Observable | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Active Markets | ​ | Inputs | ​ | ​ | ​
Description | ​ | (Level 1) | ​ | (Level 2) | ​ | Total
Certificates of deposit | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 380 | ​ | $ | 380
Money market funds | ​ | ​ | 2,266 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 2,266
Short term investments | ​ | ​ | 393 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 393
Commercial paper | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 13,972 | ​ | ​ | 13,972
Interest rate swap | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 140 | ​ | ​ | 140
Total assets and liabilities measured at fair value | ​ | $ | 2,659 | ​ | $ | 14,492 | ​ | $ | 17,151

​

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During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company acquired $12.4 million of Level 3 fair value investments which are recorded at fair value. The Company has not recognized any gains or losses on these investments at September 30, 2019.

​

Certificate of Deposit

​

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, this asset class consisted of a time deposit at a financial institution denominated in US dollars. The asset class is classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because the fair value was based on observable market data.

​

Money Market Funds

​

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, this asset class consisted of a money market portfolio that comprises Federal government and US Treasury securities. The asset class is classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because its underlying investments are valued using quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets.

​

Short Term Investments and Commercial Paper

​

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, these asset classes consisted of short term foreign and US corporate bonds, equity securities, and commercial paper. Corporate bonds and commercial paper are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because the fair value is based on observable market data. Equity securities are classified within Level 1 because fair value is based on quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets. The Company held equity securities with a fair value of $0.2 million at September 30, 2019, unchanged from December 31, 2018.

​

Other Investments

​

In the first quarter of 2019, the Company made an investment in an early-stage venture through the acquisition of a convertible debt instrument for $10 million. The Company elected to fair value the investment upon acquisition and continues to record the investment at fair value at September 30, 2019. The Company used the income approach to fair value the investment and the inputs consisted of a discount rate calculated based on the investment attributes and the probability of potential future scenarios occurring.

​

In the third quarter of 2019, the Company made a $14.4 million investment in a renewable energy partnership. The Company funded $0.3 million of the investment in the three months ended September 30, 2019 and the remaining $14.1 million in October 2019. The Company received an investment tax credit of $12.0 million from its equity method investment. The Company elected the deferral method to account for the credit and elected the fair value option for the equity method investment. The equity method investment had a fair value of $2.4 million at September 30, 2019. The Company used the income approach to fair value the investment and the inputs consisted of a discount rate calculated based on the investment attributes.

​

Other Fair Value Disclosures

​

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values because of the relatively short-term maturities of these financial instruments. The fair value of the interest rate swap is measured using Level 2 inputs. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded a $0.2 million of loss for changes in fair value of investment.

The Company holds investments in equity securities consisting of non-controlling investments in privately held companies. These investments, over which the Company does not have the ability to exercise significant influence, are without readily determinable fair values. The investments are measured at cost, less any impairment, adjusted for observable price changes of similar investments of the same issuer. Fair value is not estimated for these investments if there are no identified events or changes in circumstances that may have an effect on the fair value of the investment. The carrying value of the strategic investments was $23.1 million at December 31, 2018. During the nine months ended

20

September 30, 2019, the Company acquired $0.2 million of additional securities and recorded a loss of $2.1 million based on an observable price change of a similar investment in one of the issuers. The carrying value of the investments was $21.2 million at September 30, 2019. These investments are included with other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

The fair value of long-term debt is estimated using Level 2 inputs. At September 30, 2019, the fair value of long-term debt, including the current portion, was $88.8 million and its book value was $88.3 million. At December 31, 2018, the fair value of long-term debt, including the current portion, was $91.6 million and its book value was $91.0 million.

​

9. LONG-TERM DEBT

​

On April 10, 2019, the Company entered into a Third Amendment and Confirmation Agreement (the “2019 Credit Facility”), with CoBank, ACB and the same syndicate of lenders as the 2014 Credit Facility, as defined below. The 2019 Credit Facility provides for a $200 million revolving credit facility that includes (i) up to $75 million for standby or trade letters of credit and (ii) up to $10 million under a swingline sub-facility. Approximately $10.6 million of performance and standby letters of credit have been issued and remain outstanding and undrawn as of September 30, 2019. The 2019 Credit Facility matures on April 10, 2024.

​

Amounts borrowed under the 2019 Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to, at the Company’s option, either (i) the LIBOR (as defined in the 2019 Credit Facility) plus an applicable margin ranging between 1.25% to 2.25% or (ii) a base rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.25% to 1.25%. Swingline loans bear interest at the base rate plus the applicable margin for base rate loans. The base rate is equal to the higher of (i) 1.00% plus the higher of (x) the LIBOR for an interest period of one month and (y) the LIBOR for an interest period of one week; (ii) the Federal Funds Effective Rate (as defined in the 2019 Credit Facility) plus 0.50% per annum; and (iii) the Prime Rate (as defined in the 2019 Credit Facility). The applicable margin is determined based on the Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2019 Credit Facility). Under the terms of the 2019 Credit Facility, the Company must also pay a fee ranging from 0.150% to 0.375% of the average daily unused portion of the 2019 Credit Facility over each calendar quarter.

The 2019 Credit Facility contains customary representations, warranties and covenants, including a financial covenant that imposes a maximum ratio of indebtedness to EBITDA as well as covenants limiting additional indebtedness, liens, guaranties, mergers and consolidations, substantial asset sales, investments and loans, sale and leasebacks, transactions with affiliates and fundamental changes. The Company’s investments in “unrestricted” subsidiaries and certain dividend payments to the Company’s stockholders are not limited unless the Total Net Leverage Ratio is equal to or greater than 1.75 to 1.0. The Total Net Leverage Ratio is measured each fiscal quarter and is required to be less than or equal to 2.75 to 1.0. In the event of a Qualifying Acquisition (as defined in the 2019 Credit Facility), the Total Net Leverage Ratio increases to 3.25 to 1.0 for the subsequent three fiscal quarters.

​

The 2019 Credit Facility also provides for the incurrence by the Company of incremental term loan facilities, when combined with increases to revolving loan commitments, in an aggregate amount not to exceed $200 million (the “Accordion”). Amounts borrowed under the Accordion are also subject to proforma compliance with a net leverage ratio financial covenant.

​

As of September 30, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all of the financial covenants, had no outstanding borrowings and, net of the $10.6 million of outstanding performance letters of credit, had $189.4 million of availability under the 2019 Credit Facility.

​

Prior to entering into the 2019 Credit Facility, the Company had a $225 million revolving credit facility (the “2014 Credit Facility”) with CoBank, ACB and a syndicate of other lenders that provided for (i) up to $10 million for standby or trade letters of credit, (ii) up to $25 million for letters of credit that were necessary or desirable to qualify for disbursements from the FCC’s mobility fund and (iii) up to $10 million under a swingline sub-facility. The 2014 Credit Facility had a maturity date of December 31, 2019. The 2014 Credit Facility also provided for the incurrence by the

21

Company of incremental term loan facilities, when combined with increases to revolving loan commitments, in an aggregate amount not to exceed $200 million.

​

Amounts borrowed under the 2014 Credit Facility bore interest at a rate equal to, at the Company’s option, either (i) the LIBOR plus an applicable margin ranging between 1.50% to 1.75% or (ii) a base rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.50% to 0.75%. Swingline loans bore interest at the base rate plus the applicable margin for base rate loans. The base rate was equal to the higher of (i) 1.00% plus the higher of (x) the one-week LIBOR and (y) the one-month LIBOR; (ii) the federal funds effective rate (as defined in the 2014 Credit Facility) plus 0.50% per annum; and (iii) the prime rate (as defined in the 2014 Credit Facility). The applicable margin was determined based on the ratio (as further defined in the 2014 Credit Facility) of the Company’s indebtedness to EBITDA. Under the terms of the 2014 Credit Facility, the Company also paid a fee ranging from 0.175% to 0.250% of the average daily unused portion of the 2014 Credit Facility over each calendar quarter.

The 2014 Credit Facility contained customary representations, warranties and covenants, including a financial covenant that imposed a maximum ratio of indebtedness to EBITDA as well as covenants limiting additional indebtedness, liens, guaranties, mergers and consolidations, substantial asset sales, investments and loans, sale and leasebacks, transactions with affiliates and fundamental changes. The Company’s investment in “unrestricted” subsidiaries plus the aggregate amount of certain dividend payments to the Company’s stockholders was limited to $400 million. Amounts borrowed under the Accordion were also subject to pro-forma compliance with a net leverage ratio financial covenant.

Viya Debt

​

The Company, and certain of its subsidiaries, have entered into a $60.0 million loan agreement (the “Viya Debt”) with Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative (“RTFC”). The Viya Debt agreement contains customary representations, warranties and affirmative and negative covenants (including limitations on additional debt, guaranties, sale of assets and liens) and a financial covenant that limits the maximum ratio of indebtedness to annual operating cash flow to 3.5 to 1.0 (the “Net Leverage Ratio”). This covenant is tested on an annual basis at the end of each fiscal year. Interest is paid quarterly at a fixed rate of 4.0% and principal repayment is not required until maturity on July 1, 2026. Prepayment of the Viya Debt may be subject to a fee under certain circumstances. The debt is secured by certain assets of the Company’s Viya subsidiaries and is guaranteed by the Company. With RTFC’s consent, the Company funded the restoration of Viya’s network, following the Hurricanes, through an intercompany loan arrangement with a $75.0 million limit. The Company was not in compliance with the Net Leverage Ratio covenant for the year ending December 31, 2018 and received a waiver from the RTFC on February 25, 2019.

​

The Company paid a fee of $0.9 million in 2016 to lock the interest rate at 4% per annum over the term of the Viya Debt. The fee was recorded as a reduction to the Viya Debt carrying amount and is being amortized over the life of the loan.

​

As of September 30, 2019, $60.0 million of the Viya Debt remained outstanding and $0.6 million of the rate lock fee was unamortized.

​

One Communications Debt

​

The Company has an outstanding loan from HSBC Bank Bermuda Limited (the “One Communications Debt”) which is scheduled to mature on May 22, 2022 and bears interest at the one-month LIBOR plus a margin ranging between 2.5% to 2.75% paid quarterly.

​

The One Communications Debt contains customary representations, warranties and affirmative and negative covenants (including limitations on additional debt, guaranties, sale of assets and liens) and financial covenants, tested annually, that limit the ratio of tangible net worth to long term debt and total net debt to EBITDA and require a minimum debt service coverage ratio (as defined in the One Communications Debt agreement). The Company was in compliance with its covenants as of December 31, 2018.

22

As a condition of the One Communications Debt, the Company was required to enter into a hedging arrangement with a notional amount equal to at least 30% of the outstanding loan balance and a term corresponding to the term of the One Communications Debt. As such, the Company entered into an amortizing interest rate swap that has been designated as a cash flow hedge, which had an original notional amount of $11.0 million, has an interest rate of 1.874%, and expires in March 2022. As of September 30, 2019, the swap has an unamortized notional amount of $8.7 million.

The Company capitalized $0.3 million of fees associated with the One Communications Debt which are being amortized over the life of the debt and are recorded as a reduction to the debt carrying amount.

As of September 30, 2019, $29.1 million of the One Communications Debt was outstanding and $0.2 million of the capitalized fees remained unamortized.

​

Ahana Debt

​

On November 6, 2018, the Company consummated the US Solar Transaction which included the transfer of the Ahana Debt to the purchaser. Prior to the US Solar Transaction, the Company’s US solar operations issued $20.6 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.427% senior notes due in 2029 (the “Series A Notes”) and $45.2 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.327% senior notes due in 2031 (the “Series B Notes”). These operations also issued a note to Public Service Electricity and Gas which bore interest at 11.3% due in 2027 (the “PSE&G Loan” and collectively with the Series A Notes and Series B Notes, the “Ahana Debt”).

​

For the Series A Notes and Series B Notes, interest and principal were payable semi-annually, until their respective maturity dates, and were secured by certain US solar assets and guaranteed by certain subsidiaries.

​

Repayment of the PSE&G Loan could have been made in either cash or Solar Renewable Energy Credits (“SRECs”) at the Company’s discretion, with the value of the SRECs being fixed at the time of the loan’s closing. Prior to the US Solar Transaction, the Company made all repayments of the PSE&G Loan using SRECs.

The Company capitalized $2.8 million of fees associated with the Ahana Debt which were recorded as a reduction to the debt carrying amount and amortized over the life of the notes.

​

​

10. GOVERNMENT GRANTS

​

Universal Service Fund

​

The Universal Service Fund (“USF”) is a subsidy program managed by the FCC. USF funds are disbursed to telecommunication providers through four programs: the High Cost Program; Low Income Program; Schools and Libraries Program (“E-Rate”); and Rural Health Care Program. The Company participates in each of these programs as further described below. All of the funding programs are subject to certain operational and reporting compliance requirements. The Company believes it is in compliance with all applicable requirements.

​

The FCC’s Mobility Funds and Connect America Funds are administered through the FCC’s USF High Cost Program. The High Cost program subsidizes telecommunications services in rural and remote areas.

​

The FCC created the Phase I Mobility Fund (“Phase I Mobility Fund”), a one-time award meant to support wireless coverage in underserved geographic areas in the United States.

​

The Company received $21.1 million of Phase I Mobility Fund support to its wholesale wireless business (the “Mobility Funds”) to be used to expand voice and broadband networks in certain geographic areas in order to offer either 3G or 4G service. Of these funds, $7.2 million was recorded as an offset to the cost of the property, plant, and equipment associated with these projects and, consequentially, a reduction of future depreciation expense. The remaining $13.9 million received offset operating expenses from inception of the program through part of the third

23

quarter of 2018. The Mobility Funds projects and their operating results are included within the Company’s US Telecom segment. As part of the receipt of the Mobility Funds, the Company committed to comply with certain additional FCC construction and other requirements. If the requirements are not met, the funds may be subject to claw back provisions. The Company currently expects to comply with all applicable requirements related to these funds.

During the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded $4.1 million and $12.3 million, respectively, of revenue from the High Cost Program in its International Telecom segment. During the three and nine months periods ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded $4.1 million and $12.4 million, respectively, of revenue from the High Cost Program in its International Telecom segment. Also, during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded $0.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively, of High Cost Program revenue in its US Telecom segment. During the three and nine months periods ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded $0.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively, of revenue from the High Cost Program in its US Telecom segment. In addition, the Company recorded revenue of $7.2 million and $15.4 million, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, from additional USF funding authorized by the FCC following the Hurricanes.

In August 2018, the Company was awarded $79.9 million over 10 years under the Connect America Fund Phase II Auction. The funding began in the second quarter of 2019 requiring the Company to provide fixed broadband and voice services to certain eligible areas in the United States. The Company is subject to operational and reporting requirements under the program and it expects to comply with these requirements. The Company determined the award is a revenue grant, and as a result will record the funding as revenue upon receipt. The Company recorded $1.9 million and $3.4 million, respectively, of revenue in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 from the Connect America Fund Phase II program.

​

The E-Rate program provides discounted telecommunication access to eligible schools and libraries. The E-Rate program (i) awards special construction funding to build network connectivity for eligible participants, and (ii) pays for discounted recurring charges for eligible broadband services. The special construction funding is used to reimburse construction costs and is distributed upon completion of a project. As of September 30, 2019, the Company was awarded approximately $16.6 million of E-Rate program grants with construction completion obligations in June 2020. Once these projects are constructed the Company is obligated to provide service to the E-Rate program participants. The Company is in various stages of constructing the networks and has not received any of the funds. The Company expects to meet all requirements associated with these grants.

​

The Company also receives funding to provide discounted telecommunication services to eligible customers under the E-Rate, Lifeline, and Rural Health Care Support Programs. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded revenue of $1.5 million and $4.7 million, respectively, in the aggregate from these programs. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded revenue of $2.0 million and $6.3 million, respectively, in the aggregate from these programs. The Company is subject to certain operational and reporting requirements under the above mentioned programs and it believes that it is in compliance with all of these requirements.

​

Tribal Bidding Credit

​

As part of the broadcast television spectrum incentive auction, the FCC implemented a tribal lands bidding credit to encourage deployment of wireless services utilizing 600 MHz spectrum on the lands of federally recognized tribes. The Company received a bidding credit of $7.4 million under this program in 2018. A portion of these funds will be used to offset network capital costs and a portion will be used to offset the costs of supporting the networks. The Company’s current estimate is that it will use $5.4 million to offset capital costs and, consequently, reduce future depreciation expense and $2.0 million to offset the cost of supporting the network which will reduce future operating expense. The credits are subject to certain requirements, including deploying service by January 2021 and meeting minimum coverage metrics. If the requirements are not met the funds may be subject to claw back provisions. The Company currently expects to comply with all applicable requirements related to these funds.

​

​

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11. RETIREMENT PLANS

​

The Company has noncontributory defined benefit pension plans for eligible employees in its International Telecom segment who meet certain eligibility criteria. The Company also has a noncontributory defined medical, dental, vision, and life benefit plan for eligible employees in its International Telecom segment who meet certain eligibility criteria.

The Company recorded the net periodic benefit cost identified below (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three months ended | ​
​ |  | September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 | ​
​ | ​ | Pension benefits | ​ | Postretirement benefits | ​ | Pension benefits | ​ | Postretirement benefits | ​
Operating expense | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Service cost | ​ | $ | 447 | ​ | $ | 37 | ​ | $ | 448 | ​ | $ | 37 | ​
Non-operating expense | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest cost | ​ | ​ | 841 | ​ | ​ | 40 | ​ | ​ | 820 | ​ | ​ | 40 | ​
Expected return on plan assets | ​ |  | (1,263) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (1,209) | ​ |  | — | ​
Actuarial gain/ loss | ​ | ​ | 7 | ​ | ​ | (17) | ​ | ​ | 30 | ​ | ​ | (17) | ​
Net periodic pension expense | ​ | $ | 32 | ​ | $ | 60 | ​ | $ | 89 | ​ | $ | 60 | ​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Nine months ended | ​
​ | ​ | September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 | ​
​ | ​ | Pension benefits | ​ | Postretirement benefits | ​ | Pension benefits | ​ | Postretirement benefits | ​
Operating expense | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Service cost | ​ | $ | 1,342 | ​ | $ | 111 | ​ | $ | 1,345 | ​ | $ | 111 | ​
Non-operating expense | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest cost | ​ | ​ | 2,524 | ​ | ​ | 120 | ​ | ​ | 2,459 | ​ | ​ | 120 | ​
Expected return on plan assets | ​ |  | (3,790) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (3,627) | ​ |  | — | ​
Actuarial gain/ loss | ​ | ​ | 22 | ​ | ​ | (51) | ​ | ​ | 91 | ​ | ​ | (51) | ​
Net periodic pension expense | ​ | $ | 98 | ​ | $ | 180 | ​ | $ | 268 | ​ | $ | 180 | ​

​

The Company is not required to make contributions to its pension and postretirement benefit plans. However, the Company periodically evaluates whether to make discretionary contributions. The Company contributed $0.3 million and $2.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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12. INCOME TAXES

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The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was 27.5% and 25.1%, respectively.

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The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily impacted by the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which the Company operates along with the exclusion of losses in the US Virgin Islands and India where the Company cannot benefit from those losses as required by ASC 740-270-30-36(a), in addition to the following discrete items: (i) a $1.3 million deferred tax benefit related to an investment tax credit, and (ii) a $0.5 million net interest expense on unrecognized tax positions.

​

The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily impacted by the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which the Company operates along with the exclusion of losses in the US

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Virgin Islands and India where the Company cannot benefit from those losses as required by ASC 740-270-30-36(a), in addition to the following discrete items: (i) a $1.5 million increase (net) of unrecognized tax positions, (ii) a $0.5 million benefit (net) to record a return to accrual adjustment, and (iii) a $1.4 million benefit (net) to record a valuation allowance release on an indefinite lived intangible asset.

​

The Company’s effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was 26.7% and 30.7%, respectively.

​

The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily impacted by the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which the Company operates along with the exclusion of losses in the US Virgin Islands and India where the Company cannot benefit from those losses as required by ASC 740-270-30-36(a), in addition to the following discrete items: (i) a $1.3 million deferred tax benefit related to an investment tax credit, and (ii) a $0.5 million benefit from the reversal of a deferred tax liability due to an intercompany debt restructure.

​

The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily impacted by the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which the Company operates along with the exclusion of losses in the US Virgin Islands and India where the Company cannot benefit from those losses as required by ASC 740-270-30-36(a), in addition to the following discrete items: (i) a $2.0 million increase (net) of unrecognized tax positions, (ii) a $585 thousand benefit (net) to record a return to accrual adjustment, (iii) a $1.4 million benefit (net) to record a valuation allowance adjustment on an indefinite lived intangible asset, (iv) a $514 thousand benefit for the release of a capital loss valuation allowance due to a capital gain on a sale of a wireless license, and (v) a $695 thousand provision for the intercompany sale of assets from the US to the US Virgin Islands.

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The Company’s effective tax rate is based upon estimated income before provision for income taxes for the year, composition of the income in different countries, and adjustments, if any, in the applicable quarterly periods for potential tax consequences, benefits and/or resolutions of tax contingencies. The Company’s consolidated tax rate will continue to be impacted by any transactional or one-time items in the future and the mix of income in any given year generated among the jurisdictions in which the Company operates. While the Company believes it has adequately provided for all tax positions, amounts asserted by taxing authorities could materially differ from the Company’s accrued positions as a result of uncertain and complex application of tax laws and regulations. Additionally, the recognition and measurement of certain tax benefits include estimates and judgment by management. Accordingly, the Company could record additional provisions or benefits for US federal, state, and foreign tax matters in future periods as new information becomes available.

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13. NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

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For each of the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the calculation of basic and diluted weighted average shares of common stock outstanding does not include 5,000 shares relating to stock options as the effects of those options were anti-dilutive.

​

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the calculation of basic and diluted weighted average shares of common stock outstanding does not include 38,564 shares and 15,000 shares, respectively, relating to stock options as the effects of those options were anti-dilutive

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14. SEGMENT REPORTING

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The Company has the following three reportable and operating segments: i) US Telecom, ii) International Telecom, and iii) Renewable Energy.

The following tables provide information for each operating segment (in thousands):

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​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | US | ​ | International | ​ | Renewable | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Energy | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | Consolidated
Revenue | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Wireless | ​ | $ | 32,168 | ​ | $ | 22,387 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 54,555
Wireline | ​ |  | 725 | ​ |  | 58,898 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 59,623
Renewable Energy | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,438 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,438
Total Revenue | ​ |  | 32,893 | ​ |  | 81,285 | ​ |  | 1,438 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 115,616
Depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | 5,770 | ​ |  | 14,089 | ​ |  | 1,016 | ​ |  | 1,728 | ​ |  | 22,603
Non-cash stock-based compensation | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 285 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,263 | ​ |  | 1,548
Operating income (loss) | ​ |  | 7,912 | ​ |  | 10,867 | ​ |  | (714) | ​ |  | (7,817) | ​ |  | 10,248

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  |  |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | US | ​ | International | ​ | Renewable | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Energy | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | Consolidated
Revenue | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Wireless | ​ | $ | 29,784 | ​ | $ | 22,219 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 52,003
Wireline | ​ |  | 2,024 | ​ |  | 61,693 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 63,717
Renewable Energy | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 5,418 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 5,418
Total Revenue | ​ |  | 31,808 | ​ |  | 83,912 | ​ |  | 5,418 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 121,138
Depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | 5,665 | ​ |  | 12,441 | ​ |  | 1,819 | ​ |  | 1,459 | ​ |  | 21,384
Non-cash stock-based compensation | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 20 | ​ |  | 29 | ​ |  | 1,344 | ​ |  | 1,393
Operating income (loss) | ​ |  | 22,773 | ​ |  | 16,239 | ​ |  | (177) | ​ | ​ | (8,011) | ​ |  | 30,824

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | US | ​ | International | ​ | Renewable | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Energy | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | Consolidated
Revenue | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Wireless | ​ | $ | 78,261 | ​ | $ | 65,444 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 143,705
Wireline | ​ |  | 2,538 | ​ |  | 176,017 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 178,555
Renewable Energy | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4,377 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4,377
Total Revenue | ​ |  | 80,799 | ​ |  | 241,461 | ​ |  | 4,377 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 326,637
Depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | 16,919 | ​ |  | 40,709 | ​ |  | 2,269 | ​ |  | 4,973 | ​ |  | 64,870
Non-cash stock-based compensation | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 306 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 4,575 | ​ |  | 4,881
Operating income (loss) | ​ |  | 5,927 | ​ |  | 35,802 | ​ |  | (750) | ​ |  | (25,862) | ​ |  | 15,117

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | US | ​ | International | ​ | Renewable | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Energy | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | Consolidated
Revenue | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Wireless | ​ | $ | 85,767 | ​ | $ | 67,279 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 153,046
Wireline | ​ |  | 4,824 | ​ |  | 168,259 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 173,083
Renewable Energy | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 17,272 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 17,272
Total Revenue | ​ |  | 90,591 | ​ |  | 235,538 | ​ |  | 17,272 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 343,401
Depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | 19,013 | ​ |  | 35,907 | ​ |  | 5,492 | ​ |  | 4,190 | ​ |  | 64,602
Non-cash stock-based compensation | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 68 | ​ |  | 86 | ​ |  | 4,917 | ​ |  | 5,071
Operating income (loss) | ​ |  | 35,839 | ​ |  | 37,449 | ​ |  | 3,687 | ​ |  | (26,189) | ​ |  | 50,786

​

| (1) | Corporate and Other items refer to corporate overhead costs and consolidating adjustments

​

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Selected balance sheet data for each of the Company’s segments as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consists of the following (in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | US | ​ | International | ​ | Renewable | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Energy | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | Consolidated
September 30, 2019 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash, Cash equivalents, and Investments | ​ | $ | 36,738 | ​ | $ | 51,178 | ​ | $ | 21,030 | ​ | $ | 59,584 | ​ | $ | 168,530
Total current assets | ​ | ​ | 60,782 | ​ | ​ | 101,113 | ​ | ​ | 38,696 | ​ | ​ | 57,220 | ​ | ​ | 257,811
Fixed assets, net | ​ | ​ | 69,642 | ​ | ​ | 470,338 | ​ | ​ | 43,497 | ​ | ​ | 22,024 | ​ | ​ | 605,501
Goodwill | ​ |  | 35,269 | ​ |  | 25,421 | ​ |  | 3,280 | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | 63,970
Total assets | ​ |  | 230,585 | ​ |  | 660,367 | ​ |  | 86,224 | ​ |  | 185,624 | ​ | ​ | 1,162,800
Total current liabilities | ​ | ​ | 30,870 | ​ | ​ | 75,348 | ​ | ​ | 1,354 | ​ | ​ | 33,458 | ​ | ​ | 141,030
Total debt | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 88,265 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 88,265
December 31, 2018 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash, Cash equivalents, and Investments | ​ | $ | 19,118 | ​ | $ | 32,390 | ​ | $ | 62,678 | ​ | $ | 78,043 | ​ | $ | 192,229
Total current assets | ​ | ​ | 36,801 | ​ | ​ | 75,304 | ​ | ​ | 80,553 | ​ | ​ | 83,107 | ​ | ​ | 275,765
Fixed assets, net | ​ | ​ | 78,102 | ​ | ​ | 482,770 | ​ | ​ | 45,599 | ​ | ​ | 20,381 | ​ | ​ | 626,852
Goodwill | ​ |  | 35,269 | ​ |  | 25,421 | ​ |  | 3,280 | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | 63,970
Total assets | ​ |  | 172,634 | ​ |  | 622,454 | ​ |  | 130,427 | ​ |  | 181,789 | ​ | ​ | 1,107,304
Total current liabilities | ​ | ​ | 15,783 | ​ | ​ | 82,575 | ​ | ​ | 3,465 | ​ | ​ | 38,827 | ​ | ​ | 140,650
Total debt | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 90,970 | ​ | ​ | 12 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 90,982

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Capital Expenditures
​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | US | ​ | ​ | International | ​ | ​ | Renewable | ​ | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
Nine months ended September 30, | ​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | ​ | Telecom (2) | ​ | ​ | Energy | ​ | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | ​ | Consolidated
2019 | ​ | $ | 8,533 | ​ | $ | 33,159 | ​ | $ | 2,183 | ​ | $ | 5,611 | ​ | $ | 49,486
2018 | ​ | ​ | 9,461 | ​ | ​ | 136,790 | ​ | ​ | 1,642 | ​ | ​ | 6,385 | ​ | ​ | 154,278

​

| (1) | Corporate and other items refer to corporate overhead costs and consolidating adjustments

​

| (2) | Includes $0.1 million and $78.9 million of expenditures during the nine months of 2019 and 2018, respectively, used to rebuild the Company’s damaged networks in the US Virgin Islands which were impacted by the Hurricanes. These expenditures were financed, in part, by the $34.6 million of insurance proceeds the Company received during the first quarter of 2018.

​

​

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15. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

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Regulatory and Litigation Matters

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The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to certain regulatory and legal proceedings and other claims arising in the ordinary course of business, some of which involve claims for damages and taxes that are substantial in amount. The Company believes that, except for the items discussed below, for which the Company is currently unable to predict the final outcome, the disposition of proceedings currently pending will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

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The Company’s Guyana subsidiary, GTT, holds a license to provide domestic fixed services and international voice and data services in Guyana on an exclusive basis until December 2030. Since 2001, the Government of Guyana has stated its intention to introduce additional competition into Guyana’s telecommunications sector. In connection therewith, the Company and GTT have met on several occasions with officials of the Government of Guyana to discuss

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potential modifications of GTT’s exclusivity and other rights under the existing agreement and license. On July 18, 2016, the Guyana Parliament passed telecommunications legislation, and on August 5, 2016, the legislation was signed into law that introduces material changes to many features of Guyana’s existing telecommunications regulatory regime with the intention of creating a more competitive market. The legislation does not have the effect of terminating the Company’s exclusive license. Instead the legislation as passed requires the Minister of Telecommunications to conduct further proceedings and issue implementing orders to enact the various provisions of the legislation, including the issuance of competing licenses. The Company cannot predict the manner in which or when the legislation will be implemented by the Minister of Telecommunications.

​

In January 2018, the Government of Guyana and the Company met to discuss modifications of the Company’s exclusivity rights and other rights under its existing agreement and license. Those discussions are on-going, however, there can be no assurance that those discussions will be concluded before the Government issues new licenses contemplated by the legislation or at all, or that such discussions will satisfactorily address the Company’s contractual exclusivity rights. Although the Company believes that it would be entitled to damages or other compensation for any involuntary termination of its contractual exclusivity rights, it cannot guarantee that the Company would prevail in a proceeding to enforce its rights or that its actions would effectively halt any unilateral action by the Government.

​

Historically, GTT has been subject to other litigation proceedings and disputes in Guyana that, while not conclusively resolved, to the Company’s knowledge have not been the subject of discussions or other significant activity in the last five years. It is possible, but the Company believes unlikely, that these disputes, as discussed below, may be revived. The Company believes that none of these additional proceedings would, in the event of an adverse outcome, have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operation or liquidity.

​

In a letter dated September 8, 2006, the National Frequency Management Unit (“NFMU”) agreed that total spectrum fees in Guyana should not increase for the years 2006 and 2007. However, that letter implied that spectrum fees in 2008 and onward may be increased beyond the amount GTT agreed to with the Government. GTT has objected to the NFMU’s proposed action and reiterated its position that an increase in fees prior to development of an acceptable methodology would violate the Government’s prior agreement. In 2011, GTT paid the NFMU $2.6 million representing payments in full for 2008, 2009 and 2010. However, by letter dated November 23, 2011, the NFMU stated that it did not concur with GTT’s inference that the amount was payment in full for the specified years as it was NFMU’s continued opinion that the final calculation for spectrum fees was not agreed upon and was still an outstanding issue. By further letter dated November 24, 2011, the NFMU further rejected a proposal that was previously submitted jointly by GTT and another communications provider that outlined a recommended methodology for the calculation of these fees. The NFMU stated that it would prepare its own recommendation for consideration by the Minister of Telecommunications, who would decide the matter. GTT has paid undisputed spectrum fees according to the methodology used for its 2011 payments, and has reserved amounts payable according to this methodology. GTT has not had the opportunity to have significant discussions with the NFMU on the matter and is not aware whether the NFMU has made any recommendation to the Minister.

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On May 8, 2009, a GTT competitor, Digicel, filed a lawsuit in Guyana challenging the legality of GTT’s exclusive license rights under Guyana’s constitution. Digicel initially filed this lawsuit against the Attorney General of Guyana. On May 13, 2009, GTT petitioned to intervene in the suit in order to oppose Digicel’s claims and GTT’s petition was granted on May 18, 2009. GTT filed an answer to the charge on June 22, 2009. The case remains pending. The Company believes that any legal challenge to GTT’s exclusive license rights granted in 1990 is without merit and the Company intends to defend vigorously against such legal challenge.

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GTT has filed several lawsuits in the High Court of Guyana asserting that, despite its denials, Digicel is engaged in international bypass in violation of GTT’s exclusive license rights, the interconnection agreement between the parties, and the laws of Guyana. GTT is seeking injunctive relief to stop the illegal bypass activity and money damages. Digicel filed counterclaims alleging that GTT has violated the terms of the interconnection agreement and Guyana laws. These suits, filed in 2010 and 2012, have been consolidated with Digicel’s constitutional challenge described above which is expected to proceed to trial in 2020. GTT intends to prosecute these matters vigorously.

​

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GTT is also involved in several legal claims regarding its tax filings with the Guyana Revenue Authority dating back to 1991 regarding the deductibility of intercompany advisory fees as well as other tax assessments. The Company maintains that any liability GTT might be found to have with respect to the disputed tax assessments, totaling $44.1 million, would be offset in part by the amounts necessary to ensure that GTT’s return on investment was no less than its contractual 15% per annum for the relevant periods. The Company believes that some adverse outcome is probable and has accordingly accrued $5.0 million as of September 30, 2019 for these matters.

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

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The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations that follows are based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financial statements. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. This discussion should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements herein and the accompanying notes thereto, and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (our “2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K”), and in particular, the information set forth therein under Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”.

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Overview

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We are a holding company that, directly and through our subsidiaries, owns and operates telecommunications businesses in North America, Bermuda and the Caribbean as well as a renewable energy business in India. We were incorporated in Delaware in 1987, began trading publicly in 1991 and spun off more than a half of our operations to stockholders in 1998. Since that time, we have engaged in many strategic acquisitions and investments to help grow our operations using the cash generated from our established operating units to re-invest in our existing businesses and to make strategic investments in earlier stage businesses. We look for businesses that offer growth opportunities or potential strategic benefits but require additional capital investment in order to execute on their business plans. We hold controlling positions with respect to some of our investments and non-controlling positions in others. These strategic investments frequently offer a product and service development component in addition to the prospect of generating returns on our invested capital. For a discussion of the risks involved in our investment strategy, see “Risk Factors—We are actively evaluating investment, acquisition and other strategic opportunities, which may affect our long-term growth prospects.” in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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We have identified three operating segments to manage and review our operations, and to facilitate investor presentations of our results, as follows:

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| ● | US Telecom. In the United States, we offer wireless and wireline services. We offer wholesale wireless voice and data roaming services to national, regional, local and selected international wireless carriers in rural markets located principally in the Southwest United States. We also provide retail wireless and other infrastructure services in certain areas where we offer those wholesale services as well as wholesale long-distance wireline voice services to telecommunications carriers.

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| ● | International Telecom. Our international wireless services include voice and data services to retail customers in Bermuda, Guyana and the US Virgin Islands. Our international wireline services include voice and data services in Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Guyana and the US Virgin Islands, as well as video services in Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, and the US Virgin Islands. In addition, we offer wholesale long-distance voice services to other telecommunications carriers in the countries in which we offer international wireline services.

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| ● | Renewable Energy. In India, we provide distributed generation solar power to corporate, utility and municipal customers. Through November 6, 2018, we also provided distributed generation solar power in the United States in Massachusetts, California and New Jersey.

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The following chart summarizes the operating activities of our principal subsidiaries, the segments in which we report our revenue and the markets we served as of September 30, 2019:

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​

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Segment |  | Services |  | Markets |  | Tradenames |
US Telecom |  | Wireless |  | United States (rural markets) |  | Choice, Choice NTUA Wireless, Commnet, WestNet, Geoverse | ​
​ |  | Wireline |  | United States |  | Essextel, Deploycom | ​
International Telecom |  | Wireline |  | Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Guyana, US Virgin Islands |  | Fireminds, GTT+, One, Logic, Viya | ​
​ |  | Wireless |  | Bermuda, Guyana, US Virgin Islands |  | GTT+, One, Viya | ​
​ | ​ | Video Services | ​ | Bermuda, Cayman Islands, US Virgin Islands | ​ | Logic, One, Viya | ​
Renewable Energy | ​ | Solar | ​ | India | ​ | Vibrant Energy | ​

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We actively evaluate potential acquisitions, investment opportunities and other strategic transactions, both domestic and international, that meet our return on investment and other criteria. In addition, we consider non-controlling investments in earlier stage businesses that we consider strategically relevant, and which may offer long-term growth potential for us, either individually, or as research and development businesses that can support our operating subsidiaries in new product and service development and offerings. We provide management, technical, financial, regulatory, and marketing services to our subsidiaries and typically receive a management fee equal to a percentage of their revenues, which is eliminated in consolidation. For further information about our financial segments and geographical information about our operating revenues and assets see Notes 1 and 14 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report.

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Dispositions

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Renewable Energy (US Operations)

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On November 6, 2018, we completed the sale of our US Solar Operations business that owned and managed distributed generation solar power projects operated under the Ahana name in Massachusetts, California and New Jersey (the “US Solar Transaction”). The US Solar Transaction had a total value of approximately $122.6 million, which included a cash purchase price of $65.3 million and the assumption of approximately $57.3 million in debt, and is subject to certain other post-closing adjustments. Approximately $6.5 million of the purchase price was held in escrow for a period of twelve months after the closing to secure our indemnification obligations. We received the escrow in November 2019.

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The operations sold in connection with the US Solar Transaction do not qualify as discontinued operations because the disposition does not represent a strategic shift that has a major effect on our operations and financial results.

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FirstNet Agreement

​

In July 2019, we entered into a Network Build and Maintenance Agreement (the “FirstNet Agreement”) with AT&T Mobility, LLC (“AT&T”) to build a portion of AT&T’s network for the First Responder Network Authority (“FirstNet”) as well as a commercial wireless network in or near its current operating area in the Southwestern United

31

States (the “FirstNet Transaction”). Pursuant to the FirstNet Agreement and subject to certain limitations contained therein, all cell sites must be completed and accepted within a specified period of time. We expect to recognize construction revenue of approximately $80 to 85 million over the next two years that will be mainly offset by construction costs as sites are completed. Revenues from construction are expected to have minimal impact on operating income.

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Following acceptance of a cell site, AT&T will own the cell site and we will assign to AT&T any third-party tower lease applicable to such cell site. If the cell site is located on a communications tower we own, AT&T will pay us pursuant to a separate lease agreement for an initial term of eight years. In addition to building the network, we will provide ongoing equipment and site maintenance and high capacity transport to and from these cell sites for an initial term ending 2029.

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AT&T will continue to use our wholesale domestic wireless network for roaming services at a fixed rate per site during the construction period until such time as the cell site is transferred to AT&T. Thereafter, revenue from the maintenance, leasing and transport services provided to AT&T is expected to offset revenue from wholesale wireless roaming services. We began receiving revenue from the FirstNet Transaction in the third quarter of 2019 and expect overall operating income contributions from the FirstNet Transaction to have a relatively steady impact from 2020 onwards.

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Universal Service Fund

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The Universal Service Fund (“USF”) is a subsidy program managed by the FCC. USF funds are disbursed to telecommunication providers through four programs: the High Cost Program; Low Income Program; E-Rate; and Rural Health Care Program. We participate in each of these programs as further described below. All of the funding programs are subject to certain operational and reporting compliance requirements and if the requirements are not met, the funds may be subject to claw back provisions. We believe we are in compliance will all applicable requirements.

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The FCC’s Mobility Funds and Connect America Funds are administered through the FCC’s USF High Cost Program. The High-Cost Program subsidizes telecommunications services in rural and remote areas and the Phase I Mobility Fund is a one-time award meant to support wireless coverage in underserved geographic areas in the United States. The Connect America Fund Phase II Auction is a program that requires us to provide fixed broadband and voice services to certain eligible areas in the United States.

During the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2019, we recorded $4.1 million and $12.3 million, respectively, of revenue from the High Cost Program in our International Telecom segment. During the three and nine months periods ended September 30, 2018, we recorded $4.1 million and $12.4 million, respectively, of revenue from the High Cost Program in our International Telecom segment. Also, during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2019, we recorded $0.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively, of High Cost Program revenue in our US Telecom segment. During the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2018, we recorded $0.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively, of revenue from the High Cost Program in our US Telecom segment. In addition, we recorded revenue of $7.2 million and $15.4 million, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, from additional USF funding authorized by the FCC following the Hurricanes.

The FCC, in response to the damage caused by the Hurricanes and as part of its general USF reform, has established a Connect USVI Fund budget for fixed networks of up to $18.65 million per year for 10 years and a budget for mobile networks of up to $4.4 million per year for 3 years in the US Virgin Islands. The Connect USVI Fund for fixed networks will replace the legacy high-cost USF support for the USVI that we have historically received. In September 2019, the FCC established eligibility requirements and an allocation process for the Connect USVI Fund. Fixed network funding will be assigned separately for St. Thomas and St. John, on the one hand, and St. Croix, on the other hand, using a competitive proposal process. Any entity that provided voice or broadband service in the US Virgin Islands in June 2018 is eligible to submit a competitive proposal for one or both coverage territories, and the FCC will select the winning proposal(s) based on a scoring system that considers network speed, requested subsidy levels, and network resiliency. The applicant submitting the winning proposal for each of the two US Virgin Islands coverage territories will be required to serve all locations in its respective coverage territory in a manner consistent with its

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proposal within six years and subject to certain interim milestones. Mobile funding will be assigned to mobile providers that operated in the US Virgin Islands prior to the Hurricanes based on their relative subscriber counts at that time. We expect to participate in both the fixed and mobile network components of the USVI Connect Fund support assignment processes, however, there is no guarantee that we will receive all or the same level of support that we have historically been awarded in our US Telecom segment. We currently anticipate that the new fixed network fund recipient(s) will be determined, and the historical funding we currently receive could be replaced by the Connect VI Fund as early as the second half of 2020.

We received $21.1 million of Phase I Mobility Fund support to our wholesale wireless business (the “Mobility Funds”) to be used to expand voice and broadband networks in certain geographic areas in order to offer either 3G or 4G service. Of these funds, $7.2 million was recorded as an offset to the cost of the property, plant, and equipment associated with these projects and, consequentially, a reduction of future depreciation expense. The remaining $13.9 million received offset operating expenses from inception of the program through part of the third quarter of 2018. The Mobility Funds projects and related operating results are included within our US Telecom segment.

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In August 2018, we were awarded $79.9 million over 10 years under the Connect America Fund Phase II Auction, to be used to provide fixed broadband and voice services to certain eligible areas in the United States. We recorded $1.9 million and $3.4 million of revenue in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, from the Connect America Fund Phase II program.

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The E-Rate program provides discounted telecommunication access to eligible schools and libraries. The E-Rate program (i) awards special construction funding to build network connectivity for eligible participants, and (ii) pays for discounted recurring charges for eligible broadband services. The special construction funding is used to reimburse construction costs and is distributed upon completion of a project. As of September 30, 2019, we were awarded approximately $16.6 million of E-Rate grants with construction completion obligations in June 2020. Once these projects are constructed we are obligated to provide service to the E-Rate program participants. We are in various stages of constructing the networks and have not received any of the funds.

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We also receive funding to provide discounted telecommunication services to eligible customers under the E-Rate, Lifeline, and Rural Health Care Support Programs. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded revenue of $1.5 million and $4.7 million, respectively, in the aggregate from these programs. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded revenue of $2.0 million, and $6.3 million, respectively, in the aggregate from these programs. We are subject to certain operational and reporting requirements under the above mentioned programs and we believe that we are in compliance with all of these requirements.

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Tribal Bidding Credit

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As part of the broadcast television spectrum incentive auction, the FCC implemented a tribal lands bidding credit to encourage deployment of wireless services utilizing 600 MHz spectrum on the lands of federally recognized tribes. We received a bidding credit of $7.4 million under this program in 2018. A portion of these funds will be used to offset network capital costs and a portion will be used to offset the costs of supporting the networks. Our current estimate is that it will use $5.4 million to offset capital costs and, consequently, reduce future depreciation expense and $2.0 million to offset the cost of supporting the network which will reduce future operating expense. The credits are subject to certain requirements, including deploying service by January 2021 and meeting minimum coverage metrics. If the requirements are not met the funds may be subject to claw back provisions. We currently expect to comply with all applicable requirements related to these funds.

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Impact of Hurricanes

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During September 2017, the US Virgin Islands economy, our customer base and our operations were severely impacted by Hurricanes Irma and Maria (collectively, the “Hurricanes”). Both our wireless and wireline networks and commercial operations were severely damaged by these storms and as a result of the significant damage to the wireline network and the lack of consistent commercial power in the territory, we were unable to provide most of our wireline services, which comprise the majority of our revenue in this business, from mid-September 2017 and through a majority

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of 2018. We received insurance recoveries of $34.6 million in February 2018 to aid our recovery from the impact of the Hurricanes.

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During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, we spent $0.1 million and $78.9 million, respectively, for network restoration and resiliency enhancements that allowed the reconnection of a significant majority of affected households and businesses. We expect that our wireline network restoration work is complete, however, whether our revenue recovers to pre-Hurricane levels will be impacted by population movements, the negative economic impact the Hurricanes had on the local economy, and our subscriber base’s future appetite for continued wireline services.

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Selected Segment Financial Information

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The following represents selected segment information for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | US | ​ | International | ​ | Renewable | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Energy | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | Consolidated
Revenue | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Wireless | ​ | $ | 32,168 | ​ | $ | 22,387 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 54,555
Wireline | ​ |  | 725 | ​ |  | 58,898 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 59,623
Renewable Energy | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,438 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,438
Total Revenue | ​ |  | 32,893 | ​ |  | 81,285 | ​ |  | 1,438 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 115,616
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating income (loss) | ​ |  | 7,912 | ​ |  | 10,867 | ​ |  | (714) | ​ |  | (7,817) | ​ |  | 10,248

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | US | ​ | International | ​ | Renewable | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Energy | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | Consolidated
Revenue | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Wireless | ​ | $ | 29,784 | ​ | $ | 22,219 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 52,003
Wireline | ​ |  | 2,024 | ​ |  | 61,693 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 63,717
Renewable Energy | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 5,418 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 5,418
Total Revenue | ​ |  | 31,808 | ​ |  | 83,912 | ​ |  | 5,418 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 121,138
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating income (loss) | ​ |  | 22,773 | ​ |  | 16,239 | ​ |  | (177) | ​ |  | (8,011) | ​ |  | 30,824

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(1) Reconciling items refer to corporate overhead costs and consolidating adjustments

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US Telecom. Revenue within our US Telecom segment increased by $1.1 million, or 3.5%, to $32.9 million from $31.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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Revenue within our wireless operations increased by $2.4 million, or 8.1%, to $32.2 million from $29.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. This increase was attributable to certain roaming revenue recognized in connection with the FirstNet Transaction with AT&T and the recognition of $1.9 million in revenue from the Connect America Fund II award.

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Revenue within our wireline operations decreased by $1.3 million, or 65.0%, to $0.7 million from $2.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, as a result of a decrease in traffic volumes within our wholesale long-distance services.

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Operating expenses within our US Telecom segment increased $16.0 million, or 177.8%, to $25.0 million from $9.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. This increase in operating expenses was primarily related to the $15.2 million gain on the sale of approximately 100 cell sites and the completion of the

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Phase I Mobility Fund support of $0.5 million which were recorded as offsets to the US Telecom’s operating expenses in 2018.

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As a result of the above, our US Telecom segment’s operating income decreased $14.9 million, or 65.4%, to $7.9 million from $22.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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International Telecom. Revenues within our International Telecom segment decreased $2.6 million, or 3.1%, to $81.3 million from $83.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, as our third quarter 2018 revenues included $7.2 million of additional non-recurring USF funding to help support our US Virgin Island operations partially offset by an increase in broadband revenues in many of our international telecom businesses, including our operations in the US Virgin Islands, as their operations became more normalized following the impact of the Hurricanes.

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Operating expenses within our International Telecom segment increased by $2.7 million, or 4.0%, to $70.4 million from $67.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase was primarily the result of increased consulting expenses associated with network upgrades.

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As a result, our International Telecom segment’s operating income decreased $5.3 million, or 32.7%, to $10.9 million from $16.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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Renewable Energy. Revenue within our Renewable Energy segment decreased $4.0 million, or 74.1%, to $1.4 million from $5.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, primarily as a result the US Solar Transaction.

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Operating expenses within our Renewable Energy segment decreased by $3.4 million, or 60.7%, to $2.2 million from $5.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, primarily related to the US Solar Transaction partially offset by an increase in operating expenses within our international renewable energy operations.

As a result of the above, our Renewable Energy segment’s operating loss increased by $0.5 million, or 250.0%, to a loss of $0.7 million from a loss of $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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The following represents a quarter-over-quarter discussion and analysis of our results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Amount of | ​ | Percent |
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | Increase | ​ | Increase |
​ | ​ | 2019 | ​ | 2018 | ​ | (Decrease) | ​ | (Decrease) |
REVENUE: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​
Wireless | ​ | $ | 54,555 | ​ | $ | 52,003 | ​ | $ | 2,552 |  | 4.9 | %
Wireline | ​ |  | 59,623 | ​ |  | 63,717 | ​ |  | (4,094) |  | (6.4) | ​
Renewable Energy | ​ |  | 1,438 | ​ |  | 5,418 | ​ |  | (3,980) |  | (73.5) | ​
Total revenue | ​ |  | 115,616 | ​ |  | 121,138 | ​ |  | (5,522) |  | (4.6) | ​
OPERATING EXPENSES (excluding depreciation and amortization unless otherwise indicated): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Termination and access fees | ​ |  | 27,622 | ​ |  | 29,866 | ​ |  | (2,244) |  | (7.5) | ​
Engineering and operations | ​ |  | 20,095 | ​ |  | 18,177 | ​ |  | 1,918 |  | 10.6 | ​
Sales, marketing and customer services | ​ |  | 9,785 | ​ |  | 8,995 | ​ |  | 790 |  | 8.8 | ​
General and administrative | ​ |  | 25,110 | ​ |  | 25,210 | ​ |  | (100) |  | (0.4) | ​
Transaction-related charges | ​ |  | 21 | ​ |  | 178 | ​ |  | (157) |  | (88.2) | ​
Depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | 22,603 | ​ |  | 21,384 | ​ |  | 1,219 |  | 5.7 | ​
(Gain) loss on disposition of long-lived assets | ​ | ​ | 132 | ​ | ​ | (13,496) | ​ | ​ | (13,628) |  | (101.0) | ​
Total operating expenses | ​ |  | 105,368 | ​ |  | 90,314 | ​ |  | 15,054 |  | 16.7 | ​
Income from operations | ​ |  | 10,248 | ​ |  | 30,824 | ​ |  | (20,576) |  | (66.8) | ​
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest income | ​ |  | 414 | ​ |  | 568 | ​ |  | (154) |  | (27.1) | ​
Interest expense | ​ | ​ | (1,298) | ​ | ​ | (2,229) | ​ | ​ | 931 |  | 41.8 | ​
Other expense | ​ |  | (2,686) | ​ |  | (1,244) | ​ |  | (1,442) |  | (115.9) | ​
Other income (expense), net | ​ |  | (3,570) | ​ |  | (2,905) | ​ |  | (665) |  | (22.9) | ​
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES | ​ |  | 6,678 | ​ |  | 27,919 | ​ |  | (21,241) |  | (76.1) | ​
Income tax expense | ​ |  | 1,834 | ​ |  | 7,010 | ​ |  | (5,176) |  | (73.8) | ​
NET INCOME | ​ |  | 4,844 | ​ |  | 20,909 | ​ |  | (16,065) |  | (76.8) | ​
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests, net of tax: | ​ |  | (3,459) | ​ |  | (3,887) | ​ |  | 428 |  | 11.0 | ​
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. STOCKHOLDERS | ​ | $ | 1,385 | ​ | $ | 17,022 | ​ | $ | (15,637) |  | (91.9) | %

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Wireless revenue. Our wireless revenue consists of wholesale revenue generated within our US Telecom segment and retail revenue generated within both our US Telecom and International Telecom segments. Within our International Telecom segment, wireless revenue is generated in Bermuda and the Caribbean (including the US Virgin Islands).

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Wholesale wireless revenue. Our US Telecom segment generates wholesale wireless revenue from providing mobile voice and data services to the customers of other wireless carriers, the provision of network switching services and certain transport services using our wireless networks. Wholesale wireless revenue is primarily driven by the number of sites and base stations we operate, the amount of voice and data traffic from the subscribers of other carriers that each of these sites generates and the rates we are paid from our carrier customers for carrying that traffic. Wholesale wireless revenue also includes tower rental income. Beginning in the third quarter of 2019, wholesale wireless revenue in our US Telecom segment also includes certain roaming revenues received pursuant to our FirstNet Transaction with AT&T.

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The most significant competitive factor we face in our US Telecom’s wholesale wireless business is the extent to which our carrier customers choose to roam on our networks or elect to build or acquire their own infrastructure in a market, reducing or eliminating their need for our services in those markets. In the past, we have entered into buildout projects with existing carrier customers to help the customer accelerate the buildout of a given area. Pursuant to these arrangements, we agree to incur the cost of building and operating a network in a newly designated area meeting specified conditions. In exchange, the carrier agrees to lease us spectrum in that area and enter into a contract with

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specific pricing and terms. Historically, these arrangements have differed from our FirstNet Transaction and have typically included a purchase right in favor of the carrier to purchase that portion of the network for a predetermined price, depending on when the right to purchase is exercised.

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Retail wireless revenue. Both our US Telecom and International Telecom segments generate retail wireless revenues by providing mobile voice and data services to our subscribers. Retail wireless revenues also include roaming revenues generated by other carriers’ customers roaming into our retail markets, handset and data modem sales and real estate rental income. Beginning in the second quarter of 2019, retail wireless revenue also includes revenue from the Connect America Fund II award.

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Wireless revenue increased by $2.6 million, or 4.9%, to $54.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 from $52.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The increases in wireless revenue, within our segments, consisted of the following:

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| ● | US Telecom. Wireless revenue within our US Telecom segment increased by $2.4 million, or 8.1%, to $32.2 million from $29.8 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. This increase represented an increase in wholesale wireless revenue of $0.7 million, or 2.8%, to $25.8 million from $25.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and was primarily related to certain roaming revenue recognized in connection with the FirstNet Transaction with AT&T. ​

Wireless revenue within our US Telecom segment’s retail operations increased $1.7 million, or 36.2%, to $6.4 million from $4.7 million as a result of the recognition of $1.9 million in revenue from the Connect America Fund II award, which began in the second quarter of 2019, partially offset by a decrease in equipment revenue of $0.2 million.

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| ● | International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, wireless revenue increased by $0.2 million, or 0.9%, to $22.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 from $22.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. This increase was primarily related to an increase in data usage and roaming revenues within certain international markets.

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We expect that wireless revenue within our US Telecom segment will increase in the near term as a result of revenues from the FirstNet Transaction and the Connect America Fund II award. We believe that maintaining roaming and other strategic arrangements favorable to our carrier customers allows us to preserve revenue for a longer period of time while creating potential for a long-lived shared infrastructure solution for carriers in areas they may consider to be non-strategic. As such, we expect that capital expenditures in this segment related to our traditional wholesale wireless business model will be significantly lower going forward.

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We expect wireless revenues within our International Telecom segment to remain consistent as we invest in upgrading our networks and service offerings. Growth in revenue from anticipated subscriber growth in certain markets, however, may be offset by a decline in roaming revenues due to lower negotiated roaming rates received from our carrier customers. Roaming revenues in these markets are also subject to seasonality and can fluctuate between quarters.

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Wireline revenue. Wireline revenue is generated by our US Telecom and International Telecom segments. Within our US Telecom segment, wireline revenue is generated by our wholesale long-distance voice services to telecommunications carriers. Within our International Telecom segment, wireline revenue is generated in Bermuda and the Caribbean (including the US Virgin Islands) and includes internet, voice, and video service revenues as well as revenues from our new managed services and technology business.

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Wireline revenue decreased by $4.1 million, or 6.4%, to $59.6 million from $63.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The changes in wireline revenue, within our segments, consisted of the following:

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| ● | US Telecom. Wireline revenue within our US Telecom segment decreased $1.3 million, or 65.0%, to $0.7 million from $2.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, as a result of

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|  | a decrease in traffic volumes within our wholesale long-distance services business.

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| ● | International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, wireline revenue decreased by $2.8 million, or 4.5%, to $58.9 million from $61.7 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The three months ended September 30, 2018 included $7.2 million of additional non-recurring funding from the Universal Service Fund to help support our US Virgin Island operations following the impact of the Hurricanes partially offset by an increase in broadband revenues in many of our international telecom businesses including our operations in the US Virgin Islands.

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Within our International Telecom segment, we anticipate that wireline revenue may increase in the next few quarters as our operations within the US Virgin Islands become more normalized following the impact of the Hurricanes. However, returning revenues to levels reported prior to the Hurricanes will take longer, or may never occur, as a result of population movements. In all of our international markets we may incur a decline in video revenues as a result of subscribers using alternative methods to receive video content. We anticipate that wireline revenue from our international long-distance business in Guyana will continue to decrease as consumers seek to use alternative technology services to place calls, as well as a result of the loss of market share should we cease to be the exclusive provider of domestic fixed and international long-distance service in Guyana, whether by reason of the Government of Guyana implementing recently-passed legislation or new regulations or the lack of enforcement of our exclusive rights. While the loss of our exclusive rights will likely cause an immediate reduction in our wireline revenue, over the longer term such declines may be offset by increased revenue from broadband services to consumers and enterprises in Guyana or an increase in regulated local calling rates in Guyana. We currently cannot predict when or if the Government of Guyana will take any action to implement such legislation or any other action that would otherwise affect our exclusive rights in Guyana. See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report.

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Renewable energy revenue. For 2019, renewable energy revenue includes the generation of power through Power Purchase Agreements (“PPAs”) from our solar plants in India. Our PPAs, which are typically priced at or below local retail electricity rates and allow our customers to secure electricity at predictable and stable prices over the duration of their long-term contract, provide us with high-quality contracted cash flows. In the United States, and until the sale of those operations on November 6, 2018, renewable energy revenue represented revenue from the sale of electricity through PPAs and the sale of SRECs. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, our renewable energy operations within the United States generated $4.2 million of revenue.

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Renewable energy revenue decreased by $4.0 million, or 73.5%, to $1.4 million from $5.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, primarily as a result of the impact of the US Solar Transaction.

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We expect that renewable energy revenue will decrease in the fourth quarter of 2019 compared to 2018 as a result of the US Solar Transaction. However, our renewable energy revenue in India may exhibit moderate growth as additional solar plants in India become operational.

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Termination and access fee expenses. Termination and access fee expenses are charges that we pay for voice and data transport circuits (in particular, the circuits between our wireless sites and our switches), internet capacity, video programming costs, other access fees we pay to terminate our calls, telecommunication spectrum fees and direct costs associated with our managed services and technology business and Renewable Energy segment. Termination and access fees also include the cost of handsets and customer resale equipment incurred by our retail businesses.

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Termination and access fees decreased by $2.3 million, or 7.7%, to $27.6 million from $29.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net decreases in termination and access fees, within our segments, consisted of the following:

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| ● | US Telecom. Termination and access fees within our US Telecom segment decreased by $0.9 million, or 9.0%, to $9.1 million from $10.0 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. This decrease was primarily the result of a decrease in the cost of equipment sales within our US wireless retail operations partially offset by the completion of the Phase I Mobility Fund support in 2018 which was recorded

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|  | as a $0.5 million offset to termination and access fees during the three months ended September 30, 2018. ​

| ● | International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, termination and access fees decreased by $0.9 million, or 4.7%, to $18.4 million from $19.3 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. This decrease was the result of certain cost reduction programs and lower equipment sales in some of our markets. This decrease, however, was partially offset by an increase in television programming and other variable costs that were not incurred within our US Virgin Islands operations during 2018 as a result of the impact of the Hurricanes.

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| ● | Renewable Energy. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded $0.6 million of termination and access fees within our Renewable Energy segment. As a result of the US Solar Transaction, a nominal amount of termination and access fees were recorded to this segment for the three months ended September 30, 2019.

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In our International Telecom and Renewable Energy segments, we expect that termination and access fee expenses will remain fairly consistent as a percentage of revenues in future periods. However, within the US Telecom segment, our performance under the FirstNet Transaction will result in an increase in such expenses during the construction phase which is expected to be completed during mid-2021.

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Engineering and operations expenses. Engineering and operations expenses include the expenses associated with developing, operating and supporting our expanding telecommunications networks and renewable energy operations, including the salaries and benefits paid to employees directly involved in the development and operation of our networks and renewable energy operations.

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Engineering and operations expenses increased by $1.9 million, or 10.6%, to $20.1 million from $18.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The net increase in engineering and operations expenses, within our segments, consisted of the following:

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| ● | US Telecom. Engineering and operations expenses increased within our US Telecom segment by $0.5 million, or 15.6%, to $3.7 million from $3.2 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, primarily as a result of an increase in these expenses in our wireless business in connection with network upgrades and additional support agreements. ​

| ● | International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, engineering and operations expenses increased by $1.7 million, or 11.6%, to $16.3 million from $14.6 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. This increase was primarily related to increases in consulting costs in connection with network upgrades as well as cyber security costs.

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| ● | Corporate Overhead. Engineering expenses within our corporate overhead decreased $0.2 million to $0.1 million from $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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In our International Telecom segment, we expect that engineering and operations expenses will remain fairly consistent as a percentage of revenues; however, we expect such expenses to increase in our US Telecom segment during the construction phase of the FirstNet Transaction.

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Sales and marketing expenses. Sales and marketing expenses include salaries and benefits we pay to sales personnel, customer service expenses, sales commissions and the costs associated with the development and implementation of our promotion and marketing campaigns.

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Sales and marketing expenses increased by $0.8 million, or 8.8%, to $9.8 million from $9.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The net increase in sales and marketing expenses, within our segments, consisted of the following:

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| ● | US Telecom. Sales and marketing expenses increased within our US Telecom segment by $0.8 million, or

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|  | 100.0%, to $1.6 million from $0.8 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, primarily as a result of our in-building wireless network business. ​

| ● | International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, our sales and marketing expenses remained consistent at $8.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. Decreases in our US Virgin Islands operations as a result of certain cost reduction measures were offset by increases in our other international markets.

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We expect sales and marketing expenses to remain fairly consistent as a percentage of revenues.

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General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses include salaries, benefits and related costs for general corporate functions including executive management, finance and administration, legal and regulatory, facilities, information technology and human resources. General and administrative expenses also include internal costs associated with our performance of due-diligence in connection with acquisition activities.

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General and administrative expenses decreased by $0.1 million, or 0.4%, to $25.1 million from $25.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The net decrease in general and administrative expenses, within our segments, consisted of the following:

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| ● | US Telecom. General and administrative expenses increased by $0.4 million, or 9.3%, to $4.7 million from $4.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, primarily as a result of additional costs needed to support our US wireless business and our in-building wireless network business.

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| ● | International Telecom. General and administrative expenses increased $0.3 million, or 2.3%, to $13.4 million from $13.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively. Cost reduction measures in certain markets were offset by increases in other markets in order to support network expansions and upgrades.

​

| ● | Renewable Energy. General and administrative expenses within our Renewable Energy segment decreased by $0.7 million, or 41.2%, to $1.0 million from $1.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. This decrease was primarily related to the US Solar Transaction partially offset by increases in our international renewable energy operations.

​

| ● | Corporate Overhead. General and administrative expenses within our corporate overhead decreased $0.2 million, or 3.3% to $5.9 million from $6.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Certain cost reduction measures were partially offset by increased information technology expenditures to further enhance our cyber and network security.

​

We expect to incur additional general and administrative expenses to support our in-building wireless network operations as well as to further enhance our network security.

​

Transaction-related charges. Transaction-related charges include the external costs, such as legal, tax, accounting and consulting fees directly associated with acquisition and disposition-related activities, which are expensed as incurred. Transaction-related charges do not include internal costs, such as employee salary and travel-related expenses, incurred in connection with acquisitions or dispositions or any integration-related costs.

​

We incurred a nominal amount of transaction-related charges during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and approximately $0.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2018 relating to our in-building wireless network operations and our new large-scale fiber network platform

​

Depreciation and amortization expenses. Depreciation and amortization expenses represent the depreciation and amortization charges we record on our property and equipment and on certain intangible assets.

​

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Depreciation and amortization expenses increased by $1.2 million, or 5.7%, to $22.6 million from $21.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The net increase in depreciation and amortization expenses, within our segments, consisted primarily of the following:

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| ● | US Telecom. Depreciation and amortization expenses increased within our US Telecom segment by $0.1 million, or 1.8%, to $5.8 million from $5.7 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, primarily as a result of certain assets within our US wireless businesses being placed into service.

​

| ● | International Telecom. Depreciation and amortization expenses increased within our International Telecom segment by $1.7 million, or 13.7%, to $14.1 million from $12.4 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. This increase was recognized throughout all of our international markets as a result of upgrades and expansions to this segment’s network assets including the network repairs and resiliency enhancements in the US Virgin Islands which were impacted by the Hurricanes.

​

| ● | Renewable Energy. Depreciation and amortization expenses within our Renewable Energy segment decreased by $0.8 million, or 44.4%, to $1.0 million from $1.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, primarily as a result of the US Solar Transaction partially offset by an increase in our renewable energy international operations.

​

| ● | Corporate Overhead. Depreciation and amortization expenses increased by $0.2 million, or 13.3%, to $1.7 million from $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, as a result of certain assets being placed into service.

​

We expect depreciation expense to increase as we acquire tangible assets to expand or upgrade our telecommunications networks and expand our solar power generating assets.

​

Gain (loss) on disposition of long-lived assets. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded a loss of $0.1 million on the disposition of miscellaneous long-lived assets within our US wireless operations. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded a gain on the disposition of long-lived assets of $13.5 million as a result of a $15.2 million gain on the sale of approximately 100 cell sites within our US wireless operations. The 2018 gain was partially offset by a $1.5 million loss recorded in connection with certain asset disposals and settlement agreements within our Renewable Energy segment and a $0.2 million loss on the disposal of miscellaneous assets within our US wireless operations.

​

Interest income. Interest income represents interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and short term investment balances.

​

Interest income decreased $0.2 million, or 33.3%, to $0.4 million from $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, as a result of lower returns on our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and a decrease in those balances.

​

Interest expense. Interest expense decreased by $0.9 million, or 41.8%, to $1.3 million from $2.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, primarily as a result of the US Solar Transaction and the effects of the amendment to our credit facilities which was completed in April 2019.

​

During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we incurred interest expense on the Viya Debt and the One Communications Debt as well as commitment fees, letter of credit fees and the amortization of debt issuance costs on our outstanding credit facilities. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, we also incurred $0.8 million of interest expense on the Ahana Debt which was assumed by the acquirer in November 2018 as a part of the US Solar Transaction.

​

Other expense, net. Other expense, net represents miscellaneous non-operational income earned and expenses incurred. For the three months ended September 30, 2019, other expense, net was $2.7 million primarily related to a $2.1 million write down of a previously acquired non-controlling equity investment and $0.8 million relating to a net loss on

41

foreign currency transactions. These expenses were partially offset by $0.1 million of income recognized in connection with some of our employee benefit plans. Other expense, net for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was $1.2 million, which was primarily related to a net loss on foreign currency transactions.

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Income taxes. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was 27.5% and 25.1%, respectively.

​

The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily impacted by the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which we operate along with the exclusion of losses in the US Virgin Islands and India where we cannot benefit from those losses as required by ASC 740-270-30-36(a), in addition to the following discrete items: (i) a $1.3 million deferred tax benefit related to an investment tax credit, and (ii) a $0.5 million net interest expense on unrecognized tax positions.

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The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily impacted by the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which we operate along with the exclusion of losses in the US Virgin Islands and India where we cannot benefit from those losses as required by ASC 740-270-30-36(a), in addition to the following discrete items: (i) a $1.5 million increase (net) of unrecognized tax positions, (ii) a $1.4 million benefit (net) to record a valuation allowance release on an indefinite lived intangible asset, and (iii) a $0.5 million benefit (net) to record a return to accrual adjustment.

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Our effective tax rate is based upon estimated income before provision for income taxes for the year, composition of the income in different countries, and adjustments, if any, in the applicable quarterly periods for potential tax consequences, benefits and/or resolutions of tax contingencies. Our consolidated tax rate will continue to be impacted by any transactional or one-time items in the future and the mix of income in any given year generated among the jurisdictions in which we operate. While we believe we have adequately provided for all tax positions, amounts asserted by taxing authorities could materially differ from our accrued positions as a result of uncertain and complex application of tax laws and regulations. Additionally, the recognition and measurement of certain tax benefits include estimates and judgment by management. Accordingly, we could record additional provisions or benefits for US federal, state, and foreign tax matters in future periods as new information becomes available. Additionally, the recognition and measurement of certain tax benefits include estimates and judgment by management. Accordingly, we could record additional provisions or benefits for US federal, state, and foreign tax matters in future periods as new information becomes available.

​

Net income attributable to non-controlling interests, net of tax. Net income attributable to non-controlling interests, net of tax reflected an allocation of $3.5 million and $3.9 million of income generated by our less than wholly owned subsidiaries for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, a decrease of $0.4 million, or 11.0%. The net decrease in net income attributable to non-controlling interests, net of tax, within our segments, consisted of the following:

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| ● | US Telecom. Net income attributable to non-controlling interests, net of tax remained consistent at $1.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, primarily as a result of consistent profitability at our less than wholly owned subsidiaries within our US wireless operations.

​

| ● | International Telecom. Net income attributable to non-controlling interests, net of tax decreased by $0.2 million, or 8.3%, to $2.2 million from $2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, primarily as a result of decreased profitability in our less than wholly owned subsidiaries within our international operations.

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| ● | Renewable Energy. As a result of the US Solar Transaction, no allocation of income or losses relating to our US operations was recorded to non-controlling interests, net of tax during the three months ended September 30, 2019. Net income attributable to non-controlling interests, net of tax was $0.2 million relating to our US operations during the three months ended September 30, 2018.

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Net income attributable to ATN International, Inc. stockholders. Net income attributable to ATN International, Inc. stockholders was $1.4 million and $17.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

​

On a per diluted share basis, net income per diluted share was $0.09 and $1.06 per diluted share for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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Selected Segment Financial Information

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The following represents selected segment information for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | US | ​ | International | ​ | Renewable | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Energy | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | Consolidated
Revenue | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Wireless | ​ | $ | 78,261 | ​ | $ | 65,444 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 143,705
Wireline | ​ |  | 2,538 | ​ |  | 176,017 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 178,555
Renewable Energy | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4,377 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4,377
Total Revenue | ​ |  | 80,799 | ​ |  | 241,461 | ​ |  | 4,377 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 326,637
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating income (loss) | ​ |  | 5,927 | ​ |  | 35,802 | ​ |  | (750) | ​ |  | (25,862) | ​ |  | 15,117

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | US | ​ | International | ​ | Renewable | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Energy | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | Consolidated
Revenue | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Wireless | ​ | $ | 85,767 | ​ | $ | 67,279 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 153,046
Wireline | ​ |  | 4,824 | ​ |  | 168,259 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 173,083
Renewable Energy | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 17,272 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 17,272
Total Revenue | ​ |  | 90,591 | ​ |  | 235,538 | ​ |  | 17,272 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 343,401
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating income (loss) | ​ |  | 35,839 | ​ |  | 37,449 | ​ |  | 3,687 | ​ |  | (26,189) | ​ |  | 50,786

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(1) Reconciling items refer to corporate overhead costs and consolidating adjustments

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US Telecom. Revenue within our US Telecom segment decreased by $9.8 million, or 10.8%, to 80.8 million from $90.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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Revenue within our wireless operations decreased by $7.5 million, or 8.7%, to $78.3 million from $85.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. This decrease was primarily the result of the July 2018 sale of approximately 100 cell sites, which generated $4.3 million in revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and a reduction in wholesale traffic. These decreases were partially offset by $3.4 million in revenue recognized from the Connect America Fund II award which began in the first half of 2019.

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Revenue within our wireline operations decreased $2.3 million, or 47.9%, to $2.5 million from $4.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, as a result of a decrease in traffic volumes within our wholesale long-distance services.

Operating expenses within our US Telecom segment increased $20.1 million, or 36.7%, to $74.9 million from $54.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. This increase in operating expenses was primarily related to the $15.2 million gain on the July 2018 sale of approximately 100 cell sites, the

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completion of the Phase I Mobility Fund support in 2018 which was recorded as a $3.5 million offset to expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the addition of our in-building wireless and large-scale fiber network businesses.

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As a result of the above, our US Telecom segment’s operating income decreased $29.9 million, or 83.5%, to $5.9 million from $35.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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International Telecom. Revenues within our International Telecom segment increased $6.0 million, or 2.5%, to $241.5 million from $235.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, as a result of an increase in broadband revenues in many of our international telecom markets partially offset by the previously received $15.4 million of additional non-recurring funding from the Universal Service Fund during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, to help support our US Virgin Island operations recover from the impact of the Hurricanes.

​

Operating expenses within our International Telecom segment increased by $7.7 million, or 3.9%, to $205.7 million from $198.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase was primarily the result of increased expenses in the US Virgin Islands as their operations become more normalized following the impact of the Hurricanes.

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As a result, our International Telecom segment’s operating income decreased $1.6 million, or 4.3%, to $35.8 million from $37.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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Renewable Energy. Revenue within our Renewable Energy segment decreased $12.9 million, or 74.6%, to $4.4 million from $17.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, primarily as a result the US Solar Transaction.

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Operating expenses within our Renewable Energy segment decreased by $8.4 million, or 61.8%, to $5.2 million from $13.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, primarily related to the US Solar Transaction.

As a result of the above, our Renewable Energy segment’s operating income decreased by $4.5 million to a loss of $0.8 million compared to income of $3.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

​

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​

The following represents a year over year discussion and analysis of our results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Nine Months Ended | ​ | Amount of | ​ | Percent |
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | Increase | ​ | Increase |
​ | ​ | 2019 | ​ | 2018 | ​ | (Decrease) | ​ | (Decrease) |
​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
REVENUE: | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​
Wireless | ​ | $ | 143,705 | ​ | $ | 153,046 | ​ | $ | (9,341) |  | (6.1) | %
Wireline | ​ |  | 178,555 | ​ |  | 173,083 | ​ |  | 5,472 |  | 3.2 | ​
Renewable Energy | ​ | ​ | 4,377 | ​ | ​ | 17,272 | ​ | ​ | (12,895) |  | (74.7) | ​
Total revenue | ​ | ​ | 326,637 | ​ | ​ | 343,401 | ​ | ​ | (16,764) |  | (4.9) | ​
OPERATING EXPENSES (excluding depreciation and amortization unless otherwise indicated): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Termination and access fees | ​ | ​ | 83,440 | ​ | ​ | 84,037 | ​ | ​ | (597) |  | (0.7) | ​
Engineering and operations | ​ | ​ | 58,234 | ​ | ​ | 54,738 | ​ | ​ | 3,496 |  | 6.4 | ​
Sales, marketing and customer services | ​ | ​ | 29,048 | ​ | ​ | 25,969 | ​ | ​ | 3,079 |  | 11.9 | ​
General and administrative | ​ | ​ | 75,518 | ​ | ​ | 77,470 | ​ | ​ | (1,952) |  | (2.5) | ​
Transaction-related charges | ​ | ​ | 89 | ​ | ​ | 642 | ​ | ​ | (553) |  | (86.1) | ​
Depreciation and amortization | ​ | ​ | 64,870 | ​ | ​ | 64,602 | ​ | ​ | 268 |  | 0.4 | ​
(Gain) loss on disposition of long-lived assets | ​ | ​ | 321 | ​ | ​ | (15,509) | ​ | ​ | (15,830) |  | (102.1) | ​
Loss on damaged assets and other hurricane related charges, net of insurance recovery | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 666 | ​ | ​ | (666) | ​ | 100.0 | ​
Total operating expenses | ​ | ​ | 311,520 | ​ | ​ | 292,615 | ​ | ​ | 18,905 |  | 6.5 | ​
Income from operations | ​ | ​ | 15,117 | ​ | ​ | 50,786 | ​ | ​ | (35,669) |  | (70.2) | ​
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest income | ​ | ​ | 1,860 | ​ | ​ | 1,420 | ​ | ​ | 440 |  | 31.0 | ​
Interest expense | ​ | ​ | (3,843) | ​ | ​ | (6,759) | ​ | ​ | 2,916 |  | 43.1 | ​
Other expense | ​ | ​ | (2,755) | ​ | ​ | (3,042) | ​ | ​ | 287 |  | 9.4 | ​
Other income (expense), net | ​ | ​ | (4,738) | ​ | ​ | (8,381) | ​ | ​ | 3,643 |  | 43.5 | ​
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES | ​ |  | 10,379 | ​ |  | 42,405 | ​ |  | (32,026) |  | (75.5) | ​
Income tax expense | ​ |  | 2,774 | ​ |  | 13,018 | ​ |  | (10,244) |  | (78.7) | ​
NET INCOME | ​ |  | 7,605 | ​ |  | 29,387 | ​ |  | (21,782) |  | (74.1) | ​
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests, net of tax: | ​ |  | (8,657) | ​ |  | (10,705) | ​ |  | 2,048 |  | 19.1 | ​
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. STOCKHOLDERS | ​ | $ | (1,052) | ​ | $ | 18,682 | ​ | $ | (19,734) |  | (105.6) | %

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Wireless revenue. Wireless revenue decreased by $9.3 million, or 6.1%, to $143.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 from $153.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decreases in wireless revenue, within our segments, consisted of the following:

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| ● | US Telecom. Wireless revenue within our US Telecom segment decreased by $7.5 million, or 8.7%, to $78.3 million from $85.8 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. This decrease was attributable to a decline in revenues in our wholesale wireless operations of $10.7 million, or 14.8%, to $61.5 million from $72.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Of this decrease in wholesale wireless revenue, $4.3 million related to the July 2018 sale of 100 cell sites while the remaining $6.4 million of this decrease was the result of a reduction in wholesale traffic.

​

Revenue from our retail wireless operations increased by $3.2 million, or 23.5%, to $16.8 million from $13.6 million. This increase was the result of the recognition of $3.4 million in revenue from the Connect America Fund II award which began in the first half of 2019. This increase was partially offset by a $0.2 million decrease in retail equipment sales.

​

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| ● | International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, wireless revenue decreased by $1.9 million, or 2.8%, to $65.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 from $67.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. This decrease was primarily related to a decrease in roaming revenues within the US Virgin Islands as a result of fewer customers from other carriers that were impacted by the Hurricanes roaming on our network during 2018 and a reduction in equipment revenues in some of the markets.

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Wireline revenue. Wireline revenue increased by $5.5 million, or 3.2%, to $178.6 million from $173.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The net increase in wireline revenue, within our segments, consisted of the following:

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| ● | US Telecom. Wireline revenue within our US Telecom segment decreased $2.3 million, or 47.9%, to $2.5 million from $4.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, as a result of a decrease in traffic volumes within our wholesale long-distance services.

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| ● | International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, wireline revenue increased by $7.7 million, or 4.6%, to $176.0 million from $168.3 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, primarily as a result of an increase in broadband revenues in many of our international telecom markets partially offset by $15.4 million of additional non-recurring funding from the Universal Service Fund, received during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, to help support our US Virgin Island operations recover from the impact of the Hurricanes.

​

Renewable energy revenue. Renewable energy revenue decreased by $12.9 million, or 74.6%, to $4.4 million from $17.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, primarily as a result of the impact of the US Solar Transaction.

​

Termination and access fee expenses. Termination and access fees decreased by $0.6 million, or 0.7%, to $83.4 million from $84.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The net decrease in termination and access fees, within our segments, consisted of the following:

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| ● | US Telecom. Termination and access fees within our US Telecom segment increased by $0.2 million, or 0.7%, to $29.2 million from $29.0 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. This increase was primarily the result of the completion of the Phase I Mobility Fund support in 2018, which recorded $3.5 million as an offset to expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, partially offset by a reduction of $2.1 million related to the sale of approximately 100 cell sites during July 2018. ​

| ● | International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, termination and access fees increased by $0.1 million, or 0.2%, to $54.0 million from $53.9 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Of this increase, $3.3 million was caused by an increase in television programming and other variable costs that were not incurred within our US Virgin Islands operations during 2018 as a result of the impact of the Hurricanes, partially offset by reductions in other international markets as a result of certain cost reduction measures.

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| ● | Renewable Energy. Termination and access fees within our Renewable Energy segment decreased $1.0 million, or 71.4%, to $0.4 million from $1.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, as a result of the US Solar Transaction.

​

Engineering and operations expenses. Engineering and operations expenses increased by $3.5 million, or 6.4%, to $58.2 million from $54.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The net increase in engineering and operations expenses, within our segments, consisted of the following:

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| ● | US Telecom. Engineering and operations expenses increased within our US Telecom segment by $1.5 million, or 16.0%, to $10.9 million from $9.4 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, primarily as a result of a $1.2 million increase in these expenses in our wireless business and $0.2 million of aggregate expenses incurred within our in-building wireless network and large-scale fiber network

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|  | businesses.

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| ● | International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, engineering and operations expenses increased by $2.2 million, or 4.9%, to $46.8 million from $44.6 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. This increase was primarily related to an increase in expenses within substantially all of our international markets, primarily related to the upgrades of our networks.

​

| ● | Corporate Overhead. Engineering and operations expenses within our corporate overhead decreased $0.1 million, or 14.3%, to $0.6 million from $0.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

​

Sales and marketing expenses. Sales and marketing expenses increased by $3.1 million, or 11.9%, to $29.0 million from $26.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The net increase in sales and marketing expenses, within our segments, consisted of the following:

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| ● | US Telecom. Sales and marketing expenses increased within our US Telecom segment by $1.8 million, or 78.3%, to $4.1 million from $2.3 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, primarily as a result of our in-building wireless business. ​

| ● | International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, our sales and marketing expenses increased by $1.4 million, or 5.9%, to $25.0 million from $23.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase was incurred in all of our international markets.

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General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses decreased by $2.0 million, or 2.5%, to $75.5 million from $77.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The net decrease in general and administrative expenses, within our segments, consisted of the following:

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| ● | US Telecom. General and administrative expenses increased by $1.9 million, or 16.2%, to $13.6 million from $11.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, primarily to support our wireless operations and the addition of our in-building wireless network and large-scale fiber network businesses.

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| ● | International Telecom. General and administrative expenses decreased within our International Telecom segment by $0.2 million, or 0.5%, to $39.2 million from $39.4 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease was primarily related to cost reduction measures within our managed services and technology platform businesses.

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| ● | Renewable Energy. General and administrative expenses within our Renewable Energy segment decreased by $2.9 million, or 55.8%, to $2.3 million from $5.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. This decrease was primarily related to the US Solar Transaction, partially offset by an increase in such expenses within our international operations.

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| ● | Corporate Overhead. General and administrative expenses within our corporate overhead decreased by $0.8 million, or 3.8%, to $20.4 million from $21.2 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, primarily related to certain cost reduction measures, partially offset by information technology expenditures to further enhance our network security.

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Transaction-related charges. We incurred $0.1 million of transaction-related costs during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we incurred $0.6 million of transaction-related charges relating to our in-building wireless network and large-scale fiber network businesses.

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Depreciation and amortization expenses. Depreciation and amortization expenses increased by $0.3 million, or 0.4%, to $64.9 million from $64.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The net increase in depreciation and amortization expenses, within our segments, consisted primarily of the following:

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​

| ● | US Telecom. Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased within our US Telecom segment by $2.1 million, or 11.1%, to $16.9 million from $19.0 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, primarily as a result of the completion of the previously disclosed sale of approximately 100 cell sites within our US wireless operations.

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| ● | International Telecom. Depreciation and amortization expenses increased within our International Telecom segment by $4.8 million, or 13.4%, to $40.7 million from $35.9 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. This increase was recognized throughout all of our international markets as a result of upgrades and expansions to this segment’s network assets including the network repairs and resiliency enhancements in the US Virgin Islands which were impacted by the Hurricanes.

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| ● | Renewable Energy. Depreciation and amortization expenses within our Renewable Energy segment decreased by $3.2 million, or 58.2%, to $2.3 million from $5.5 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, primarily as a result of the US Solar Transaction, partially offset by an increase in our international renewable energy operations.

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| ● | Corporate Overhead. Depreciation and amortization expenses increased by $0.8 million, or 19.0%, to $5.0 million from $4.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, as a result of certain tangible assets being placed into service.

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Gain (loss) on disposition of long-lived assets. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded a loss of $0.3 million on the disposition of miscellaneous long-lived assets within our US wireless and renewables operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded a gain on the disposition of long-lived assets of $15.5 million as a result of a $15.2 million gain on the previously disclosed sale of approximately 100 cell sites and a $2.4 million gain on the sale of certain telecommunication licenses within our US wireless operations. These gains were partially offset by a $1.5 million loss recorded in connection with certain asset disposals and settlement agreements within our Renewable Energy segment and a $0.7 million loss on the disposal of miscellaneous assets within our US wireless operations.

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Loss on damaged assets and other Hurricane-related charges. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we incurred $0.7 million in expenses associated with the procurement of continued building maintenance, security services, the supply of alternative power and related professional fees.

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Interest income. Interest income increased $0.5 million, or 31.0%, to $1.9 million from $1.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, as the higher rate of return on our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments was partially offset by a decrease in those balances.

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Interest expense. Interest expense decreased by $3.0 million, or 43.1%, to $3.8 million from $6.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively, primarily as a result of the US Solar Transaction and the effects of the April 2019 amendment to our primary credit facility.

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During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we incurred interest expense on the Viya Debt and the One Communications Debt as well as commitment fees, letter of credit fees and the amortization of debt issuance costs on our outstanding credit facilities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we also incurred $2.5 million of interest expense on the Ahana Debt which was assumed by the acquirer in November 2018 as a part of the US Solar Transaction.

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Other income expense, net. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, other expense, net was $2.8 million which was primarily related to a $2.1 million write down of a previously acquired non-controlling equity investment and $0.8 million relating to a net loss on foreign currency transactions. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, other expense was an expense of $3.0 million which was primarily related to a net loss on foreign currency transactions.

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Income taxes. Our effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was 26.7% and 30.7%, respectively.

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The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily impacted by the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which we operate along with the exclusion of losses in the US Virgin Islands and India where we cannot benefit from those losses as required by ASC 740-270-30-36(a), in addition to the following discrete items: (i) a $1.3 million deferred tax benefit related to an investment tax credit, and (ii) a $0.5 million benefit from the reversal of a deferred tax liability due to an intercompany debt restructure.

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The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily impacted by the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which we operate along with the exclusion of losses in the US Virgin Islands and India where we cannot benefit from those losses as required by ASC 740-270-30-36(a), in addition to the following discrete items: (i) a $2.0 million increase (net) of unrecognized tax positions, (ii) a $1.4 million benefit (net) to record a valuation allowance adjustment on an indefinite lived intangible asset, (iii) a $585 thousand benefit (net) to record a return to accrual adjustment, (iv) a $514 thousand benefit for the release of a capital loss valuation allowance due to a capital gain on a sale of a wireless license, and (v) a $695 thousand provision for the intercompany sale of assets from the US to the US Virgin Islands.

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Our effective tax rate is based upon estimated income before provision for income taxes for the year, composition of the income in different countries, and adjustments, if any, in the applicable quarterly periods for potential tax consequences, benefits and/or resolutions of tax contingencies. Our consolidated tax rate will continue to be impacted by any transactional or one-time items in the future and the mix of income in any given year generated among the jurisdictions in which we operate. While we believe we have adequately provided for all tax positions, amounts asserted by taxing authorities could materially differ from our accrued positions as a result of uncertain and complex application of tax laws and regulations. Additionally, the recognition and measurement of certain tax benefits include estimates and judgment by management. Accordingly, we could record additional provisions or benefits for US federal, state, and foreign tax matters in future periods as new information becomes available.

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Net income attributable to non-controlling interests, net of tax. Net income attributable to non-controlling interests, net of tax reflected an allocation of $8.7 million and $10.7 million of income generated by our less than wholly owned subsidiaries for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, a decrease of $2.0 million, or 19.1%. Changes in net income attributable to non-controlling interests, net of tax, within our segments, consisted of the following:

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| ● | US Telecom. Net income attributable to non-controlling interests, net of tax decreased by $0.9 million, or 32.1%, to $1.9 million from $2.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, primarily as a result of decreased profitability at certain less than wholly owned subsidiaries within our US wireless retail operations.

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| ● | International Telecom. Net income attributable to non-controlling interests, net of tax decreased by $0.4 million, or 5.6%, to $6.8 million from $7.2 million, primarily as a result of a decrease in profitability and non-controlling ownership interests.

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| ● | Renewable Energy. As a result of the US Solar Transaction, no allocation of income or losses was recorded to non-controlling interests during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 relating to our US operations. Net income attributable to non-controlling interests, net of tax, was $0.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 relating to our US operations.

Net income (loss) attributable to ATN International, Inc. stockholders. Net income (loss) attributable to ATN International, Inc. stockholders was a loss of $1.1 million and income of $18.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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On a per diluted share basis, net income (loss) per diluted share was a loss of $0.07 and income of $1.16 per diluted share for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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Regulatory and Tax Issues

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We are involved in a number of regulatory and tax proceedings. A material and adverse outcome in one or more of these proceedings could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and future operations. For discussion of ongoing proceedings, see Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Report.

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Tax Reform

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The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act” also commonly referred to as US tax reform), which was signed into law on December 22, 2017, has resulted in significant changes to the US corporate income tax system and the US Virgin Islands mirror code which replaces “United States” with “US Virgin Islands” throughout the Internal Revenue Code. The Tax Act transitions international taxation from a worldwide system to a modified territorial system and includes two base erosion prevention measures on non-US earnings, which has the effect of subjecting certain earnings of our foreign subsidiaries to US taxation as global intangible low taxed income (“GILTI”) and eliminates the deduction of certain payments made to related foreign corporations, and imposes a minimum tax if greater than regular tax under the base-erosion and anti-abuse tax (“BEAT”). These changes became effective beginning in 2018 but did not have an impact on us in the initial year. Based on our forecasted income for 2019 we are not currently projecting a GILTI inclusion. We do not expect we will be subject to BEAT and therefore have not included any tax impacts of BEAT in our consolidated financial statements for the quarter ended September 30, 2019.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

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Historically, we have met our operational liquidity needs through a combination of cash-on-hand and internally generated funds and have funded capital expenditures and acquisitions with a combination of internally generated funds, cash-on-hand, proceeds from dispositions, borrowings under our credit facilities and seller financing. We believe our current cash, cash equivalents, short term investments and availability under our current credit facility will be sufficient to meet our cash needs for at least the next twelve months for working capital needs and capital expenditures.

Uses of Cash

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Acquisitions and investments. Historically, we have funded our acquisitions with a combination of cash-on-hand, borrowings under our credit facilities and seller financing.

We continue to explore opportunities to expand our telecommunications and our international renewable energy businesses or acquire new businesses and licenses in the United States, the Caribbean and elsewhere. Such acquisitions, including acquisitions of renewable energy assets, may require external financing. While there can be no assurance as to whether, when or on what terms we will be able to acquire any such businesses or licenses or make such investments, such acquisitions may be accomplished through the issuance of shares of our capital stock, payment of cash or incurrence of additional debt. From time to time, we may raise capital ahead of any definitive use of proceeds to allow us to move more quickly and opportunistically if an attractive investment materializes.

As of September 30, 2019, we had approximately $166.4 million in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. Of this amount, $44.3 million was held by our foreign subsidiaries and is indefinitely invested outside the United States. In addition, we had approximately $88.3 million of debt, net of unamortized deferred financing costs, as of September 30, 2019. How and when we deploy our balance sheet capacity will figure prominently in our longer-term growth prospects and stockholder returns.

Capital expenditures. Historically, a significant use of our cash has been for capital expenditures to expand and upgrade our telecommunications networks and to expand our renewable energy operations.

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For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we spent approximately $49.5 million and $154.3 million, respectively, on capital expenditures. The following notes our capital expenditures, by operating segment, for these periods (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Capital Expenditures
​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | US | ​ | ​ | International | ​ | ​ | Renewable | ​ | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
Nine months ended September 30, | ​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | ​ | Telecom (2) | ​ | ​ | Energy | ​ | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | ​ | Consolidated
2019 | ​ | $ | 8,533 | ​ | $ | 33,159 | ​ | $ | 2,183 | ​ | $ | 5,611 | ​ | $ | 49,486
2018 | ​ | ​ | 9,461 | ​ | ​ | 136,790 | ​ | ​ | 1,642 | ​ | ​ | 6,385 | ​ | ​ | 154,278

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| (1) | Corporate and other items refer to corporate overhead costs and consolidating adjustments

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| (2) | Includes $0.1 million and $78.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, of expenditures used for network repairs and resiliency enhancements in the US Virgin Islands which were impacted by the Hurricanes. These expenditures were financed, in part, by the $34.6 million of insurance proceeds we received during the first quarter of 2018 and cash from operations.

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We are continuing to invest in our telecommunication networks along with our operating and business support systems in many of our markets. Such investments include the upgrade and expansion of both our wireline and wireless telecommunications networks as well as our service delivery platforms. For 2019, we expect International Telecom capital expenditures to be approximately $50 million. In the US Telecom segment, we expect capital expenditures to be approximately $10 million to $15 million for 2019 including some required capital spending related to towers and backhaul in conjunction with the FirstNet Agreement. In the Renewable Energy segment, we expect to incur $6 million to $7 million of construction costs during 2019 related to building additional capacity.

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We expect to fund our current capital expenditures primarily from our current cash balances and cash generated from operations but may secure additional financing to support renewable energy capital expenditures in India.

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Income taxes. We have historically used cash-on-hand to make payments for income taxes. Our policy is to allocate capital where we believe we will get the best returns, which has been to indefinitely reinvest the undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries. As we continue to reinvest our remaining foreign earnings, no additional provision for income taxes has been made on accumulated earnings of foreign subsidiaries.

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Dividends. We use cash-on-hand to make dividend payments to our stockholders when declared by our Board of Directors. For the three months ended September 30, 2019, our Board declared $2.7 million of dividends to our stockholders, which includes a $0.17 per share dividend declared on September 19, 2019 and paid on October 7, 2019. We have declared quarterly dividends for the last 84 fiscal quarters.

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Stock Repurchase Plan. On September 19, 2016, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $50.0 million of our common stock from time to time on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions (the “2016 Repurchase Plan”). We repurchased $0.2 million of our common stock under the 2016 Repurchase Plan during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and repurchased $1.6 million of our common stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. As of September 30, 2019, we have $37.5 million authorized for share repurchases under the 2016 Repurchase Plan.

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Sources of Cash

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Total liquidity. As of September 30, 2019, we had approximately $166.4 million in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash which represents a decrease of $26.5 million from the December 31, 2018 balance of $192.9 million. The decrease is primarily attributable to $49.5 million used for capital expenditures, $10.3 million used for certain investments, $2.9 used for the purchase of short-term investments, $8.2 million used for dividends paid on our common stock, $1.6 million used for the repurchase of our common stock from employees in order to satisfy their tax obligations,

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$5.8 million used for distributions to our minority shareholders, $2.8 million used to repay principal on our debt and $1.3 million used to amend and extend our primary credit facility. These amounts were partially offset by cash provided by our operations of $56.8 million, net of approximately $28.5 million in tax payments primarily related to the US Solar Transaction.

Cash provided by operations. Cash provided by operating activities was $56.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to $98.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease of $41.2 million was primarily related to a decrease of $6.1 million within our US Telecom segment as a result of the reduction in wholesale roaming traffic and the impact of the July 2018 sale of 100 cell sites and a decrease of $8.6 million within our Renewable Energy segment as a result of the US Solar Transaction and a $28.6 million decrease, primarily related to $28.5 million in tax payments primarily related to the US Solar Transaction, within our corporate overhead. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in cash flow from operations of $2.0 million within our International Telecom segment.

Cash used in investing activities. Cash used in investing activities was $62.7 million and $105.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease of $43.0 million was primarily related to a $104.8 million reduction in capital expenditures partially offset by an increase in investments of $7.3 million and the purchase of short-term investments of $8.0 million. Cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 also includes the receipt of insurance proceeds of $34.6 million, which were used to partially fund our capital expenditures during that period, $5.4 million received from certain government grants and the proceeds from the sale of assets of $4.1 million.

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Cash used in financing activities. Cash used in financing activities was $20.7 million and $37.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease in cash used for financing activities of $17.2 million was primarily related to a $9.5 million decrease in the distributions made to minority shareholders, a $3.8 million reduction in cash used to acquire non-controlling interests in our less than wholly owned subsidiaries, a $2.9 million reduction in the repayments of our long-term debt and a $1.9 million reduction in the repurchases of our common stock. These decreases were partially offset by $1.3 million used to amend and extend our primary credit facility in 2019.

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Credit facility. On April 10, 2019, we entered into the 2019 Credit Facility, with CoBank, ACB and the same syndicate of lenders as the 2014 Credit Facility, as described below. The 2019 Credit Facility provides for a $200 million revolving credit facility that includes (i) up to $75 million for standby or trade letters of credit and (ii) up to $10 million under a swingline sub-facility. Approximately $10.6 million of performance and standby letters of credit have been issued and remain outstanding and undrawn as of September 30, 2019. The 2019 Credit Facility matures on April 10, 2024.

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Amounts borrowed under the 2019 Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to, at our option, either (i) the LIBOR plus an applicable margin ranging between 1.25% to 2.25% or (ii) a base rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.25% to 1.25%. Swingline loans bear interest at the base rate plus the applicable margin for base rate loans. The base rate is equal to the higher of (i) 1.00% plus the higher of (x) the LIBOR (as defined in the 2019 Credit Facility) for an interest period of one month and (y) the LIBOR for an interest period of one week; (ii) the Federal Funds Effective Rate (as defined in the 2019 Credit Facility) plus 0.50% per annum; and (iii) the Prime Rate (as defined in the 2019 Credit Facility). The applicable margin is determined based on the Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2019 Credit Facility). Under the terms of the 2019 Credit Facility, we must also pay a fee ranging from 0.150% to 0.375% of the average daily unused portion of the 2019 Credit Facility over each calendar quarter.

The 2019 Credit Facility contains customary representations, warranties and covenants, including a financial covenant that imposes a maximum ratio of indebtedness to EBITDA as well as covenants limiting additional indebtedness, liens, guaranties, mergers and consolidations, substantial asset sales, investments and loans, sale and leasebacks, transactions with affiliates and fundamental changes. Our investments in “unrestricted” subsidiaries and certain dividend payments to our stockholders are not limited unless the Total Net Leverage Ratio is equal to or greater than 1.75 to 1.0. The Total Net Leverage Ratio is measured each fiscal quarter and is required to be less than or equal to

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2.75 to 1.0. In the event of a Qualifying Acquisition (as defined in the 2019 Credit Facility), the Total Net Leverage Ratio increases to 3.25 to 1.0 for the subsequent three fiscal quarters.

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The 2019 Credit Facility also provides for the incurrence by us of incremental term loan facilities, when combined with increases to revolving loan commitments, in an aggregate amount not to exceed $200 million (the “Accordion”). Amounts borrowed under the Accordion are also subject to proforma compliance with a net leverage ratio financial covenant.

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As of September 30, 2019, we were in compliance with all of the financial covenants, had no outstanding borrowings and, net of the $10.6 million of outstanding performance and standby letters of credit, had $189.4 million of availability under the 2019 Credit Facility.

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Prior to entering into the 2019 Credit Facility, we had a $225 million revolving credit facility (the “2014 Credit Facility) with CoBank, ACB and a syndicate of other lenders that provided for (i) up to $10 million for standby or trade letters of credit, (ii) up to $25 million for letters of credit that were necessary or desirable to qualify for disbursements from the FCC’s mobility fund and (iii) up to $10 million under a swingline sub-facility. The 2014 Credit Facility had a maturity date of December 31, 2019. The 2014 Credit Facility also provided for the incurrence by us of incremental term loan facilities, when combined with increases to revolving loan commitments, in an aggregate amount not to exceed $200 million.

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Amounts borrowed under the 2014 Credit Facility bore interest at a rate equal to, at our option, either (i) the LIBOR plus an applicable margin ranging between 1.50% to 1.75% or (ii) a base rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.50% to 0.75%. Swingline loans bore interest at the base rate plus the applicable margin for base rate loans. The base rate was equal to the higher of (i) 1.00% plus the higher of (x) the one-week LIBOR and (y) the one-month LIBOR; (ii) the federal funds effective rate (as defined in the 2014 Credit Facility) plus 0.50% per annum; and (iii) the prime rate (as defined in the 2014 Credit Facility). The applicable margin was determined based on the ratio (as further defined in the 2014 Credit Facility) of our indebtedness to EBITDA. Under the terms of the 2014 Credit Facility, we also paid a fee ranging from 0.175% to 0.250% of the average daily unused portion of the 2014 Credit Facility over each calendar quarter.

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The 2014 Credit Facility contained customary representations, warranties and covenants, including a financial covenant that imposed a maximum ratio of indebtedness to EBITDA as well as covenants limiting additional indebtedness, liens, guaranties, mergers and consolidations, substantial asset sales, investments and loans, sale and leasebacks, transactions with affiliates and fundamental changes. Our investment in “unrestricted” subsidiaries plus the aggregate amount of certain dividend payments to our stockholders was limited to $400 million. Amounts borrowed under the Accordion were also subject to pro-forma compliance with a net leverage ratio financial covenant.

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Viya Debt

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We, and certain of our subsidiaries, have entered into a $60.0 million loan agreement with RTFC (the “Viya Debt”). The Viya Debt agreement contains customary representations, warranties and affirmative and negative covenants (including limitations on additional debt, guaranties, sale of assets and liens) and a financial covenant that limits the maximum ratio of indebtedness to annual operating cash flow to 3.5 to 1.0 (the “Net Leverage Ratio”). This covenant is tested on an annual basis at the end of each fiscal year. Interest is paid quarterly at a fixed rate of 4.0% and principal repayment is not required until maturity on July 1, 2026. Prepayment of the Viya Debt may be subject to a fee under certain circumstances. The debt is secured by certain assets of the Company’s Viya subsidiaries and is guaranteed by us. With RTFC’s consent, we funded the restoration of Viya’s network, following the Hurricanes, through an intercompany loan arrangement with a $75.0 million limit. We were not in compliance with the Net Leverage Ratio covenant for the year ending December 31, 2018 and received a waiver from the RTFC on February 25, 2019.

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We paid a fee of $0.9 million in 2016 to lock the interest rate at 4% per annum over the term of the Viya Debt. The fee was recorded as a reduction to the Viya Debt carrying amount and is being amortized over the life of the loan.

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As of September 30, 2019, $60.0 million of the Viya Debt remained outstanding and $0.6 million of the rate lock fee was unamortized.

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One Communications Debt

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We have an outstanding loan from HSBC Bank Bermuda Limited (the “One Communications Debt”) which is scheduled to mature on May 22, 2022 and bears interest at the one-month LIBOR plus a margin ranging between 2.5% to 2.75% paid quarterly.

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The One Communications Debt contains customary representations, warranties and affirmative and negative covenants (including limitations on additional debt, guaranties, sale of assets and liens) and financial covenants, tested annually, that limit the ratio of tangible net worth to long term debt and total net debt to EBITDA and require a minimum debt service coverage ratio (as defined in the One Communications Debt agreement). We were in compliance with our covenants as of December 31, 2018.

As a condition of the One Communications Debt, we were required to enter into a hedging arrangement with a notional amount equal to at least 30% of the outstanding loan balance and a term corresponding to the term of the One Communications Debt. As such, we entered into an amortizing interest rate swap that has been designated as a cash flow hedge, which had an original notional amount of $11.0 million, has an interest rate of 1.874%, and expires in March 2022. As of September 30, 2019, the swap has an unamortized notional amount of $8.7 million.

We capitalized $0.3 million of fees associated with the One Communications Debt which are being amortized over the life of the debt and are recorded as a reduction to the debt carrying amount.

As of September 30, 2019, $29.1 million of the One Communications Debt was outstanding, there were no borrowings under an overdraft facility, and $0.2 million of the capitalized fees remained unamortized.

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Ahana Debt

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On November 6, 2018, we consummated the US Solar Transaction which included the transfer of the Ahana Debt (as defined below) to the purchaser.

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Prior to our US Solar Transaction, our US solar operations issued $20.6 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.427% senior notes due in 2029 (the “Series A Notes”) and $45.2 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.327% senior notes due in 2031 (the “Series B Notes”). These operations also issued a note to Public Service Electricity and Gas which bore interest at 11.3% due in 2027 (the “PSE&G Loan” and collectively with the Series A Notes and Series B Notes, the “Ahana Debt”).

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For the Series A Notes and Series B Notes, interest and principal were payable semi-annually, until their respective maturity dates, and were secured by certain US solar assets and guaranteed by certain subsidiaries.

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Repayment of the PSE&G Loan could have been made in either cash or SRECs at our discretion, with the value of the SRECs being fixed at the time of the loan’s closing. Historically, we had made all repayments of the PSE&G Loan using SRECs.

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We capitalized $2.8 million of fees associated with the Ahana Debt which were recorded as a reduction to the debt carrying amount and amortized over the life of the notes.

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Factors Affecting Sources of Liquidity

Internally generated funds. The key factors affecting our internally generated funds are demand for our services, competition, regulatory developments, economic conditions in the markets where we operate our businesses and industry trends within the telecommunications and renewable energy industries.

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Restrictions under Credit Facility. Our 2019 Credit Facility contains customary representations, warranties and covenants, including covenants limiting additional indebtedness, liens, guaranties, mergers and consolidations, substantial asset sales, investments and loans, sale and leasebacks, transactions with affiliates and fundamental changes.

In addition, the 2019 Credit Facility contains a financial covenant that imposes a maximum ratio of indebtedness to EBITDA. As of September 30, 2019, we were in compliance with all of the financial covenants of the 2019 Credit Facility.

Capital markets. Our ability to raise funds in the capital markets depends on, among other things, general economic conditions, the conditions of the telecommunications and renewable energy industries, our financial performance, the state of the capital markets and our compliance with the SEC requirements for the offering of securities. On May 12, 2017, the SEC declared effective our “universal” shelf registration statement. This filing registered potential future offerings of our securities.

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Foreign Currency

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We translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries from their respective functional currencies, primarily the Indian Rupee and the Guyana Dollar, to US dollars at the appropriate rates as of the balance sheet date. Changes in the carrying value of these assets and liabilities attributable to fluctuations in rates are recognized in foreign currency translation adjustment, a component of accumulated other comprehensive income on our balance sheet. Income statement accounts are translated using the monthly average exchange rates during the year. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we recorded $1.1 million and $3.0 million, respectively, in losses on foreign currency transactions. We will continue to assess the impact of our exposure to both the Indian Rupee and the Guyana dollar.

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Inflation

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We do not believe that inflation has had a significant impact on our consolidated operations in any of the periods presented in this Report.

We have based our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations on our Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). We base our estimates on our operating experience and on various conditions existing in the market and we believe them to be reasonable under the circumstances. Our estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report.

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Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

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Translation and Remeasurement, We translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries from their respective functional currencies, primarily the Indian Rupee and the Guyana Dollar, to US dollars at the appropriate rates as of the balance sheet date. Changes in the carrying value of these assets and liabilities attributable to fluctuations in rates are recognized in foreign currency translation adjustment, a component of accumulated other comprehensive income on our balance sheet. Income statement accounts are translated using the monthly average exchange rates during the year.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a currency that is different from a reporting entity’s functional currency must first be remeasured from the applicable currency to the legal entity’s functional currency. The effect of this remeasurement process is reported in other income on our income statement.

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Employee Benefit Plan. We sponsor pension and other postretirement benefit plans for employees of certain subsidiaries. Net periodic pension expense is recognized in our income statement. We recognize a pension or other postretirement plan’s funded status as either an asset or liability in our consolidated balance sheet. Actuarial gains and losses are reported as a component of other comprehensive income and amortized through other income in subsequent periods.

Interest Rate Sensitivity. As of September 30, 2019, we had $20.3 million of variable rate debt outstanding, which is subject to fluctuations in interest rates. Our interest expense may be affected by changes in interest rates. We believe that a 10% increase in the interest rates on our variable rate debt would have an immaterial impact on our Financial Statements. We may have additional exposure to fluctuations in interest rates if we again borrow amounts under our revolver loan within our Credit Facility.

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Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

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Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2019. Disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), means controls and other procedures of an issuer that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2019, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

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Item 1. Legal Proceedings

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See Note 15 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

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We may not be able to timely and effectively meet our obligations to AT&T related to its partnership with the First Responder Network Authority.

On July 31, 2019, the Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary, Commnet Wireless, entered into a Network Build and Maintenance Agreement with AT&T Mobility LLC (“AT&T”), pursuant to which Commnet will engineer, construct, commission, and maintain a radio access network (“RAN”) for AT&T for its commercial use and also in support of AT&T’s public/private partnership with the First Responder Network Authority (“FirstNet Authority”). In connection with the Network Build & Maintenance Agreement, we are required to build a network in portions of several states in accordance with AT&T’s detailed specifications by specified milestone dates and thereafter, to maintain the network in accordance with certain quality metrics. Such services are structured as a set cost agreed upon with AT&T, to be paid over the initial eight year term of the Network Build and Maintenance Agreement. AT&T has the right to terminate this agreement, including its obligation to pay for ongoing maintenance of the sites, in the event

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that Commnet fails to meet certain milestones or completion dates with respect to the construction of the sites, or fails to meet certain quality metrics and service level agreements (“SLAs”) with respect to the maintenance services for the built sites.

Our ability to meet required milestones and completion dates and perform the SLAs is dependent on a variety of factors, including:

● our ability to procure equipment and negotiate favorable payment and other terms with suppliers;

● our ability to effectively manage the construction of each of the cell sites, including securing reliable and efficient field construction resources; and

● our ability to cost effectively and reliably deliver and manage the network in accordance with SLAs for both the AT&T commercial and FirstNet Authority networks.

In addition, construction of the cell sites may be also be adversely affected by circumstances outside of our control, including inclement weather, adverse geological and environmental conditions, a failure to receive regulatory approvals on schedule or third-party delays in providing supplies and other materials. Any construction setbacks or delays could be costly and have a material adverse effect on our ability to perform under the time conditions and strict budget required under the Network Build and Maintenance Agreement.

If AT&T were to terminate the Network Build & Maintenance Agreement, this could have a material adverse impact on our prospects and results of operations in our US Telecom segment as we would have incurred costs to construct the sites, but might not be fully compensated for the construction of the sites through the initial term of the Agreement.

Changes in USF funding could have an adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

Viya, our subsidiary operating video, internet, wireless and landline services in the U.S. Virgin Islands, currently receives high-cost Universal Service Fund (“USF”) support in the U.S. Virgin Islands of approximately $16.4 million per year. In addition, after the devastation caused by the Hurricanes in September 2017, the FCC provided approximately $15.4 million in accelerated USF support and in fixed and mobile recovery support through August 2018. The FCC, in response to the damage caused by the Hurricanes and as part of its general USF reform, has established a Connect USVI Fund budget for fixed networks of up to $18.65 million per year for 10 years and a budget for mobile networks of up to $4.4 million per year for 3 years in the U.S. Virgin Islands. The Connect USVI Fund for fixed networks will replace the legacy high-cost USF support for the USVI that Viya historically has been awarded and any entity that provided voice or broadband service in the U.S. Virgin Islands in June 2018 is eligible to submit a competitive proposal.

We expect to participate in both the fixed and mobile network components of the USVI Connect Fund support assignment processes and we currently anticipate that the new fixed network fund recipient(s) will be determined as early as in the second half of 2020. There can be no guarantee that we will be selected by the FCC to receive fixed network funding for either of the coverage territories. Under the mechanism used to allocate mobile funding, we currently expect to receive a portion of the mobile funding but cannot be certain at this stage of the amount or timing of receipt of such funding. Any reduction in the overall amount of USF support we receive as a result of the USVI Connect Fund proceeding relative to historical levels of high-cost USF support we have received could negatively affect our efforts to build, maintain and operate networks in the U.S. Virgin Islands and our ability to provide services supported by USF funds. For example, we could be selected to receive fixed network funding in neither coverage territory or in one coverage territory but not the other, meaning that another entity will have received funding for such territory; or we might be selected to receive funding in both coverage territories but at a funding level that is significantly below our historical high-cost USF support levels. Each of these potential outcomes could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations in our International Telecom segment through loss of revenue, customer attrition and increased competition. In the event that Viya does not receive any funding in a territory, we will have to consider whether we provide further investment or operational resources to Viya or that territory.

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In addition to the other information set forth in this Report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed under Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The risks described herein and in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

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On September 19, 2016, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $50.0 million of our common stock from time to time on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions (the “2016 Repurchase Plan”). We have $37.5 million available to be repurchased under that plan as of September 30, 2019.

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The following table reflects the repurchases by us of our common stock during the quarter ended September 30, 2019:

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | (d) |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Maximum |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Number (or |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (c) | ​ | Approximate |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (b) | ​ | Total Number of | ​ | Dollar Value) of |
​ | ​ | (a) | ​ | Average | ​ | Shares Purchased | ​ | Shares that May |
​ | ​ | Total Number | ​ | Price | ​ | as Part of Publicly | ​ | be Purchased |
​ | ​ | of Shares | ​ | Paid per | ​ | Announced Plans | ​ | Under the Plans or |
Period | ​ | Purchased | ​ | Share | ​ | or Programs | ​ | Programs |
July 1, 2019 — July 31, 2019 |  | 175 | (1) | $ | 58.52 | (1) | — | ​ | $ | 37,690,086 | ​
August 1, 2019 — August 31, 2019 |  | 1,513 | (2) | ​ | 57.37 | (2) | 3,104 | ​ | $ | 37,527,523 | ​
September 1, 2019 — September 30, 2019 |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | $ | 37,527,523 | ​

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| (1) | Represents shares purchased on July 8, 2019 and July 27, 2019 from our executive officers and other employees who tendered these shares to us to satisfy their tax withholding obligations incurred in connection with the vesting of restricted stock awards at such date. These shares were not purchased under the 2016 Repurchase Plan discussed above. The price paid per share was the closing price per share of our common stock on the Nasdaq Stock Market on the date those shares were purchased.

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| (2) | Represents shares purchased on August 24, 2019 and August 28, 2019 from our executive officers and other employees who tendered these shares to us to satisfy their tax withholding obligations incurred in connection with the vesting of restricted stock awards at such date. These shares were not purchased under the 2016 Repurchase Plan discussed above. The price paid per share was the closing price per share of our common stock on the Nasdaq Stock Market on the date those shares were purchased.

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Item 6. Exhibits:

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| ​ |
​ | ​ | ​
10.1*# | ​ | Network Build and Maintenance Agreement, dated as of July 31, 2019, by and between Commnet Wireless, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of ATN International, Inc., and AT&T Mobility LLC.
​ | ​ | ​
31.1* | ​ | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
​ | ​ | ​
31.2* | ​ | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
​ | ​ | ​
32.1** | ​ | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 USC Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
​ | ​ | ​
32.2** | ​ | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 USC Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
​ | ​ | ​
101.INS | ​ | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
​ | ​ | ​
101.SCH* | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
​ | ​ | ​
101.CAL* | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
​ | ​ | ​
101.DEF* | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
​ | ​ | ​
101.LAB* | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
​ | ​ | ​
101.PRE* | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
​ | ​ | ​
104 | ​ | The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, formatted in Inline XBRL

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* Filed herewith.

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** The certifications furnished in Exhibit 32.1 and Exhibit 32.2 hereto are deemed to accompany this Report and will not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except to the extent that the company specifically incorporates it by reference.

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# Portions of this exhibit (indicated by asterisks) have been omitted in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

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SIGNATURES

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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

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​ |
​ | ATN International, Inc.
​ | ​
Date: November 8, 2019 | /s/ Michael T. Prior
​ | Michael T. Prior
​ | President and Chief Executive Officer
​ | ​
Date: November 8, 2019 | /s/ Justin D. Benincasa
​ | Justin D. Benincasa
​ | Chief Financial Officer

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