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atni:derivative atni:segment

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

​

​

Form 10-Q

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​ | ​
☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

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For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023

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OR

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​ | ​
☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

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For the transition period from to

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Commission File Number 001-12593

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ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | 47-0728886 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
500 Cummings Center, Suite 2450 Beverly, Massachusetts (Address of principal executive offices) | 01915 (Zip Code)

(978) 619-1300

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share |  | ATNI |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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​ | ​ | ​
Large accelerated filer ◻ | ​ | Accelerated filer ⌧
​ | ​ | ​
Non-accelerated filer ◻ | ​ | Smaller reporting company ☐
​ | ​ | ​ Emerging growth company ☐ ​

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes ☐ No ⌧

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As of May 10, 2023, the registrant had outstanding 15,738,576 shares of its common stock ($.01 par value).

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Table of Contents

ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

FORM 10-Q

​

Quarter Ended March 31, 2023

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​ | ​ | ​
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS | 3
​ | ​ | ​
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 4
​ | ​ | ​
Item 1 | Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 4
​ | ​ | ​
​ | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 | 4
​ | ​ | ​
​ | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 | 5
​ | ​ | ​
​ | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 | 6
​ | ​ | ​
​ | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 | 7
​ | ​ | ​
​ | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 | 8
​ | ​ | ​
​ | Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 9-35
​ | ​ | ​
Item 2 | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 36
​ | ​ | ​
Item 3 | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 57
​ | ​ | ​
Item 4 | Controls and Procedures | 58
​ | ​ | ​
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION | 58
​ | ​ | ​
Item 1 | Legal Proceedings | 58
​ | ​ | ​
Item 1A | Risk Factors | 58
​ | ​ | ​
Item 2 | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 59
​ | ​ | ​
Item 5 | Other Information | 60
​ | ​ | ​
Item 6 | Exhibits | 61
​ | ​
SIGNATURES | 62
​ | ​ | ​
CERTIFICATIONS | ​

​

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2

Table of Contents

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

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This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (or the “Report”) contains forward-looking statements relating to, among other matters, our future financial performance and results of operations, including our expectations regarding the benefits of our acquisition of Alaska Communications; the impact of federal support program revenues; expectations regarding future revenue, operating income, EBITDA and capital expenditures; expectations regarding our ability to refinance our existing debt and/or obtain additional financing on or before the maturity of our 2019 CoBank Credit Facility; the competitive environment in our key markets, demand for our services and industry trends; our expectations regarding construction progress under our agreement as part of the FirstNet Transaction and the effect such progress will have on our financial results; expectations regarding litigation; our liquidity; and management’s plans and strategy for the future. These forward-looking statements are based on estimates, projections, beliefs, and assumptions and are not guarantees of future events or results. Actual future events and results could differ materially from the events and results indicated in these statements as a result of many factors, including, among others, (1) our ability to successfully transition our U.S. Telecom business away from wholesale wireless to other carrier and consumer-based services; (2) our ability to replace and remove all ZTE equipment in our U.S. network, as required by the FCC in a timely and cost-effective manner; (3) the general performance of our operations, including operating margins, revenues, capital expenditures, and the retention of and future growth of our subscriber base and average revenue per user; (4) our ability to realize cost synergies and expansion plans for our newly acquired Alaska Communications business; (5) our ability to satisfy the needs and demands of our major carrier customers; (6) our ability to efficiently and cost-effectively upgrade our networks and IT platforms to address rapid and significant technological changes in the telecommunications industry; (7) government funding and subsidy program availability and regulation of our businesses, which may impact our revenue, expansion plans and operating costs; (8) our reliance on a limited number of key suppliers and vendors for timely supply of equipment and services relating to our network infrastructure; (9) economic, political and other risks and opportunities facing our operations, including those resulting from the pandemic, geopolitical tensions, including the invasion of Ukraine, and from inflation, including increased costs and supply chain disruptions; (10) the loss of or an inability to recruit skilled personnel in our various jurisdictions, including key members of management; (11) our ability to find investment or acquisition or disposition opportunities that fit our strategic goals; (12) the occurrence of weather events and natural catastrophes and our ability to secure the appropriate level of insurance coverage for our assets; (13) increased competition; (14) the adequacy and expansion capabilities of our network capacity and customer service system to support our customer growth; (15) our continued access to capital and credit markets, including our ability to extend or refinance our current credit facility; 16) our ability to successfully recognize the expected benefits of our acquisition of Sacred Wind Enterprises. These and other additional factors that may cause actual future events and results to differ materially from the events and results indicated in the forward-looking statements above are set forth more fully under Item 1A “Risk Factors” in each of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 15, 2023, and the other reports we file from time to time with the SEC. The Company undertakes no obligation and have no intention to update these forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors that may affect such forward-looking statements, except as required by law.

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In this Report, the words “the Company,” “we,” “our,” “ours,” “us” and “ATN” refer to ATN International, Inc. and its subsidiaries. This Report contains trademarks, service marks and trade names that are the property of, or licensed by, ATN and its subsidiaries.

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References to dollars ($) refer to US dollars unless otherwise specifically indicated.

​

​

​

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3

Table of Contents

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(In Thousands, Except Share Data)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, | ​ | December 31,
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022
ASSETS | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current Assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | $ | 56,016 | ​ | $ | 54,660
Restricted cash | ​ |  | 4,961 | ​ |  | 5,068
Short-term investments | ​ |  | 300 | ​ |  | 300
Accounts receivable, net of allowances for credit losses of $16.0 million and $15.2 million, respectively | ​ |  | 84,483 | ​ |  | 86,816
Customer receivable | ​ | ​ | 6,083 | ​ | ​ | 5,803
Inventory, materials and supplies | ​ |  | 18,485 | ​ |  | 17,902
Prepayments and other current assets | ​ |  | 61,224 | ​ |  | 59,139
Total current assets | ​ |  | 231,552 | ​ |  | 229,688
Fixed Assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Property, plant and equipment | ​ |  | 2,001,455 | ​ |  | 1,977,978
Less accumulated depreciation | ​ |  | (945,092) | ​ |  | (922,024)
Net fixed assets | ​ |  | 1,056,363 | ​ |  | 1,055,954
Telecommunication licenses, net | ​ |  | 113,698 | ​ |  | 113,698
Goodwill | ​ |  | 40,104 | ​ |  | 40,104
Intangible assets, net | ​ |  | 28,823 | ​ |  | 31,992
Operating lease right-of-use assets | ​ |  | 101,953 | ​ |  | 108,702
Customer receivable - long term | ​ | ​ | 45,681 | ​ | ​ | 46,706
Other assets | ​ |  | 81,841 | ​ |  | 81,025
Total assets | ​ | $ | 1,700,015 | ​ | $ | 1,707,869
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS AND EQUITY | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current Liabilities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current portion of long-term debt | ​ | $ | 11,537 | ​ | $ | 6,173
Current portion of customer receivable credit facility | ​ | ​ | 6,574 | ​ | ​ | 6,073
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | ​ |  | 118,240 | ​ |  | 155,224
Dividends payable | ​ |  | 3,323 | ​ |  | 3,310
Accrued taxes | ​ |  | 13,611 | ​ |  | 7,335
Current portion of lease liabilities | ​ | ​ | 13,785 | ​ | ​ | 15,457
Advance payments and deposits | ​ |  | 38,314 | ​ |  | 39,608
Total current liabilities | ​ |  | 205,384 | ​ |  | 233,180
Deferred income taxes | ​ |  | 26,697 | ​ |  | 28,650
Lease liabilities, excluding current portion | ​ | ​ | 78,360 | ​ | ​ | 83,319
Other liabilities | ​ |  | 137,148 | ​ |  | 138,420
Customer receivable credit facility, net of current portion | ​ | ​ | 41,533 | ​ | ​ | 39,275
Long-term debt, excluding current portion | ​ |  | 453,144 | ​ |  | 415,727
Total liabilities | ​ |  | 942,266 | ​ |  | 938,571
Redeemable noncontrolling interests: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Preferred redeemable noncontrolling interests | ​ | ​ | 56,197 | ​ | ​ | 55,152
Common redeemable noncontrolling interests | ​ | ​ | 37,026 | ​ | ​ | 37,317
Total redeemable noncontrolling interests | ​ | ​ | 93,223 | ​ | ​ | 92,469
ATN International, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share; 50,000,000 shares authorized; 17,679,616 and 17,584,057 shares issued, respectively, 15,787,337 and 15,763,341 shares outstanding, respectively | ​ |  | 173 | ​ |  | 173
Treasury stock, at cost; 1,892,279 and 1,820,716 shares, respectively | ​ |  | (76,665) | ​ |  | (73,825)
Additional paid-in capital | ​ |  | 200,015 | ​ |  | 198,449
Retained earnings | ​ |  | 437,030 | ​ |  | 449,806
Accumulated other comprehensive income | ​ |  | 6,690 | ​ |  | 6,210
Total ATN International, Inc. stockholders’ equity | ​ |  | 567,243 | ​ |  | 580,813
Noncontrolling interests | ​ |  | 97,283 | ​ |  | 96,016
Total equity | ​ |  | 664,526 | ​ |  | 676,829
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interests and equity | ​ | $ | 1,700,015 | ​ | $ | 1,707,869

​

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

Table of Contents

ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2023 AND 202 2

(Unaudited)

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three months ended March 31,
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022
REVENUE: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Communication services | ​ | $ | 181,308 | ​ | $ | 166,543
Construction | ​ | ​ | 590 | ​ | ​ | 1,987
Other | ​ |  | 3,876 | ​ |  | 3,489
Total revenue | ​ |  | 185,774 | ​ |  | 172,019
OPERATING EXPENSES (excluding depreciation and amortization unless otherwise indicated): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cost of communication services and other | ​ |  | 79,040 | ​ |  | 73,011
Cost of construction revenue | ​ | ​ | 588 | ​ | ​ | 2,033
Selling, general and administrative | ​ |  | 61,348 | ​ |  | 54,882
Stock-based compensation | ​ | ​ | 1,778 | ​ | ​ | 1,461
Transaction-related charges | ​ |  | 13 | ​ |  | 554
Restructuring expenses | ​ | ​ | 2,887 | ​ | ​ | —
Depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | 36,404 | ​ |  | 33,292
Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions | ​ | ​ | 3,247 | ​ | ​ | 3,258
(Gain) Loss on disposition of long-lived assets | ​ | ​ | (167) | ​ | ​ | 3,420
Total operating expenses | ​ |  | 185,138 | ​ |  | 171,911
Income from operations | ​ |  | 636 | ​ |  | 108
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest income | ​ | ​ | 182 | ​ | ​ | 51
Interest expense | ​ |  | (8,807) | ​ |  | (3,363)
Other income | ​ |  | 194 | ​ |  | 4,199
Other income (expense) | ​ |  | (8,431) | ​ |  | 887
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES | ​ |  | (7,795) | ​ |  | 995
Income tax (benefit) expense | ​ |  | (740) | ​ |  | 2,952
NET LOSS | ​ |  | (7,055) | ​ |  | (1,957)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax benefit of $(0.6) million and $(0.5) million respectively | ​ |  | 1,170 | ​ |  | 1,009
NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. STOCKHOLDERS | ​ | $ | (5,885) | ​ | $ | (948)
NET LOSS PER WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. STOCKHOLDERS: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic | ​ | $ | (0.44) | ​ | $ | (0.13)
Diluted | ​ | $ | (0.44) | ​ | $ | (0.13)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic | ​ |  | 15,768 | ​ |  | 15,708
Diluted | ​ |  | 15,768 | ​ |  | 15,708
DIVIDENDS PER SHARE APPLICABLE TO COMMON STOCK | ​ | $ | 0.21 | ​ | $ | 0.17

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The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2023 AND 2022

(Unaudited)

(In Thousands)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three months ended March 31,
​ | 2023 |  | 2022
Net loss | $ | (7,055) | ​ | $ | (1,957)
Other comprehensive income: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | 111 | ​ |  | 256
Reclassification of loss on pension settlement | ​ | 369 | ​ | ​ | —
Unrealized gain on derivatives | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 166
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  | 480 | ​ |  | 422
Comprehensive loss |  | (6,575) | ​ |  | (1,535)
Less: Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | 1,170 | ​ |  | 1,009
Comprehensive loss attributable to ATN International, Inc. | $ | (5,405) | ​ | $ | (526)

​

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

​

​

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ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31 2023 AND 2022

(Unaudited)

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Total Equity
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Treasury | ​ | Additional | ​ | ​ | ​ | Other | ​ | ATNI | ​ | Non- | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Common | ​ | Stock, | ​ | Paid In | ​ | Retained | ​ | Comprehensive | ​ | Stockholders’ | ​ | Controlling | ​ | Total
​ | ​ | Stock | ​ | at cost | ​ | Capital | ​ | Earnings | ​ | Income/(Loss) | ​ | Equity | ​ | Interests | ​ | Equity
Balance, December 31, 2022 | $ | 173 | $ | (73,825) | $ | 198,449 | $ | 449,806 | $ | 6,210 | $ | 580,813 | $ | 96,016 | $ | 676,829
Purchase of 71,563 shares of common stock |  | — | ​ | (2,840) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (2,840) | ​ | — | ​ | (2,840)
Stock-based compensation |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | 1,634 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 1,634 | ​ | 144 | ​ | 1,778
Dividends declared on common stock ($0.21 per common share) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (3,315) | ​ | — | ​ | (3,315) | ​ | — | ​ | (3,315)
Repurchase of noncontrolling interests |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | (68) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (68) | ​ | (527) | ​ | (595)
Deemed dividend - redeemable preferred units | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (1,045) | ​ | — | ​ | (1,045) | ​ | — | ​ | (1,045)
Deemed dividend - redeemable common units | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (2,531) | ​ | — | ​ | (2,531) | ​ | 2,820 | ​ | 289
Comprehensive income: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net loss |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (5,885) | ​ | — | ​ | (5,885) | ​ | (1,170) | ​ | (7,055)
Other comprehensive income |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 480 | ​ | 480 | ​ | — | ​ | 480
Total comprehensive income (loss) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (5,885) | ​ | 480 |  | (5,405) |  | (1,170) |  | (6,575)
Balance, March 31, 2023 | $ | 173 | $ | (76,665) | $ | 200,015 | $ | 437,030 | $ | 6,690 | $ | 567,243 | $ | 97,283 | $ | 664,526
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance, December 31, 2021 | $ | 172 | $ | (71,714) | $ | 192,132 | $ | 475,887 | $ | 4,773 | $ | 601,250 | $ | 101,003 | $ | 702,253
Purchase of 56,284 shares of common stock |  | — | ​ | (2,081) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (2,081) | ​ | — | ​ | (2,081)
Stock-based compensation | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 1,310 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 1,310 | ​ | 150 | ​ | 1,460
Dividends declared on common stock ($0.17 per common share) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (2,675) | ​ | — | ​ | (2,675) | ​ | (263) | ​ | (2,938)
Repurchase of noncontrolling interests | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (278) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (278) | ​ | (2,205) | ​ | (2,483)
Accrued dividend - redeemable preferred units | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (1,116) | ​ | — | ​ | (1,116) | ​ | — | ​ | (1,116)
Deemed dividend - redeemable common units | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | —
Comprehensive income: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net income (loss) |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (2,040) | ​ | — | ​ | (2,040) | ​ | 83 | ​ | (1,957)
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 422 | ​ | 422 | ​ | — | ​ | 422
Total comprehensive income (loss) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (2,040) | ​ | 422 |  | (1,618) |  | 83 |  | (1,535)
Balance, March 31, 2022 | $ | 172 | $ | (73,795) | $ | 193,164 | $ | 470,056 | $ | 5,195 | $ | 594,792 | $ | 98,768 | $ | 693,560

​

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

​

​

​

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ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2023 AND 2022

(In Thousands)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three Months Ended March 31,
​ | 2023 |  | 2022
Cash flows from operating activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net loss | $ | (7,055) | ​ | $ | (1,957)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash flows provided by operating activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Depreciation and amortization | ​ | 36,404 | ​ |  | 33,292
Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions | ​ | 3,247 | ​ | ​ | 3,258
Provision for doubtful accounts | ​ | 1,378 | ​ |  | 1,913
Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs | ​ | 569 | ​ |  | 501
(Gain) loss on disposition of long-lived assets | ​ | (167) | ​ | ​ | 3,420
Stock-based compensation | ​ | 1,778 | ​ |  | 1,461
Deferred income taxes | ​ | (1,953) | ​ |  | 191
Loss on pension settlement | ​ | 369 | ​ | ​ | —
Gain on equity investments | ​ | (315) | ​ | ​ | (4,222)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding the effects of acquisitions and dispositions: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Accounts receivable | ​ | 3,573 | ​ |  | 1,677
Customer receivable | ​ | 745 | ​ | ​ | (746)
Prepaid income taxes | ​ | 679 | ​ |  | 6,206
Accrued taxes | ​ | 6,953 | ​ |  | 2,763
Materials and supplies, prepayments, and other current assets | ​ | (3,503) | ​ |  | (5,330)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities, advance payments and deposits and other current liabilities | ​ | (24,548) | ​ |  | (27,465)
Other assets | ​ | 141 | ​ | ​ | (325)
Other liabilities | ​ | (2,283) | ​ |  | (3,249)
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 16,012 | ​ |  | 11,388
Cash flows from investing activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Capital expenditures |  | (50,598) | ​ |  | (34,220)
Government capital programs | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Amounts disbursed | ​ | (2,127) | ​ | ​ | (248)
Amounts received | ​ | 593 | ​ | ​ | —
Purchases of strategic investments | ​ | (630) | ​ | ​ | —
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (52,762) | ​ |  | (34,468)
Cash flows from financing activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Dividends paid on common stock |  | (3,310) | ​ |  | (2,672)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |  | — | ​ |  | (263)
Payment of debt issuance costs |  | (119) | ​ |  | —
Finance lease payment | ​ | (249) | ​ | ​ | (338)
Term loan - repayments |  | (1,171) | ​ |  | (938)
Revolving credit facility – borrowings | ​ | 57,553 | ​ | ​ | 36,500
Revolving credit facility – repayments | ​ | (14,000) | ​ | ​ | (15,500)
Proceeds from customer receivable credit facility |  | 4,300 | ​ |  | 8,000
Repayment of customer receivable credit facility | ​ | (1,570) | ​ | ​ | (1,003)
Purchases of common stock – stock- based compensation | ​ | (1,433) | ​ | ​ | (1,136)
Purchases of common stock – share repurchase plan | ​ | (1,407) | ​ | ​ | (941)
Repurchases of noncontrolling interests | ​ | (595) | ​ | ​ | (2,481)
Net cash provided by financing activities |  | 37,999 | ​ |  | 19,228
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash |  | 1,249 | ​ |  | (3,852)
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period |  | 59,728 | ​ |  | 80,697
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period | $ | 60,977 | ​ | $ | 76,845
Noncash investing activity: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Purchases of property, plant and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 16,208 | ​ | $ | 13,221

​

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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​

ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

​

​

1.ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS

The Company provides digital infrastructure and communications services in the United States and internationally, including in the Caribbean region, with a focus on smaller markets, many of which are rural or remote, with a growing demand for infrastructure investments, Through its operating subsidiaries, it primarily provides: (i) carrier and enterprise communications services, such as terrestrial and submarine fiber optic transport, and communications tower facilities; and (ii) fixed and mobile telecommunications connectivity to residential, business and government customers, including a range of high-speed internet and data services, fixed and mobile wireless solutions, and video and voice services.

At the holding company level, the Company oversees the allocation of capital within and among its subsidiaries, affiliates, new investments, and stockholders. The Company has developed significant operational expertise and resources that it uses to augment the capabilities of its individual operating subsidiaries in its local markets. The Company has built a platform of resources and expertise to support its operating subsidiaries and to improve their quality of service with greater economies of scale and expertise than would typically be available at the operating subsidiary level. The Company provides management, technical, financial, regulatory, and marketing services to its operating subsidiaries and typically receive a management fee calculated as a percentage of their revenues, which is eliminated in consolidation. The Company also actively evaluates potential acquisitions, investment opportunities and other strategic transactions, both domestic and international, and generally look for those that it believes fit the Company’s profile of telecommunications businesses and have the potential to complement its “glass and steel” and “first to fiber” approach in markets while generating steady excess cash flows over extended periods of time. The Company uses the cash generated from its operations to re-invest in organic growth in its existing businesses, to make strategic investments in additional businesses, and to return cash to its investors through dividends or stock repurchases.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company offered the following types of services to its customers:

​

| ● | Mobility Telecommunications Services. The Company offers mobile communications services over its wireless networks and related equipment (such as handsets) to both its business and consumer customers. |

​

| ● | Fixed Telecommunications Services. The Company provides fixed data and voice telecommunications services to business and consumer customers. These services include consumer broadband and high-speed data solutions for businesses. For some markets, fixed services also include video services and revenue derived from support under certain government programs. |

​

| ● | Carrier Telecommunication Services. The Company delivers services to other telecommunications providers such as the leasing of critical network infrastructure, such as tower and transport facilities, wholesale roaming, site maintenance and international long-distance services. |

​

| ● | Managed Services. The Company provides information technology services such as network, application, infrastructure and hosting services to both its business and consumer customers to complement its fixed services in its existing markets.

​

As was previously disclosed, and effective January 27, 2021, the Company no longer provides distributed generation solar power to commercial and industrial customers. These operations were the only operations within the Company’s Renewable Energy segment. As such, the Company no longer identifies the Renewable Energy segment as

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an operating segment and now has only two operating segments to manage and review its operations and to facilitate investor presentations of its results. These two operating segments are as follows:

​

| ● | International Telecom. In the Company’s international markets, it offers fixed services, mobility services, carrier services and managed services to customers in Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Guyana and the US Virgin Islands.

​

| ● | US Telecom. In the United States, the Company offers fixed services, carrier services, and managed services to business and consumer customers in Alaska and the western United States. |

​

The following chart summarizes the operating activities of the Company’s principal subsidiaries, the segments in which it reports its revenue and the markets it served during the three months ended March 31, 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Segment |  | Services |  | Markets |  | Tradenames
International Telecom |  | Mobility Services |  | Bermuda, Guyana, US Virgin Islands |  | One, GTT, Viya
​ | ​ | Fixed Services |  | Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Guyana, US Virgin Islands |  | One, Logic, GTT, Viya
​ | ​ | Carrier Services | ​ | Bermuda, Guyana, US Virgin Islands | ​ | One, GTT, Viya
​ | ​ | Managed Services | ​ | Bermuda, Cayman Islands, US Virgin Islands, Guyana | ​ | Fireminds, One, Logic, GTT, Viya
US Telecom |  | Mobility Services |  | United States (rural markets) |  | Choice, Choice NTUA Wireless
​ | ​ | Fixed Services | ​ | United States |  | Alaska Communications, Commnet, Choice, Choice NTUA Wireless, Sacred Wind Communications, Ethos
​ | ​ | Carrier Services | ​ | United States | ​ | Alaska Communications, Commnet, Essextel, Sacred Wind Communications
​ |  | Managed Services |  | United States |  | Alaska Communications, Choice

​

For further information about the Company’s financial segments and geographical information about its operating revenues and assets, see Note 13 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report.

Liquidity

The Company’s 2019 CoBank Credit Facility matures on April 10, 2024, which is within twelve months of the issuance of these consolidated financial statements. At March 31, 2023, the Company owed $122.0 million for amounts drawn under the credit facility. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company generated positive cash flows from operating activities of $102.9 million. At March 31, 2023, the Company had $56.0 million of unrestricted cash and

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cash equivalents and $5.0 million of restricted cash. If the Company is unable to refinance its existing debt or obtain additional financing on or before the maturity of the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility, this could impact the Company’s ability to meet its obligations coming due within one year after issuance of these consolidated financial statements. Management is actively pursuing debt financing options which would extend the maturity date of the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility and may increase its capacity, and management expects to complete this financing process during 2023. In the event the Company is unable to refinance or replace its 2019 CoBank Credit Facility, the Company has additional actions at its discretion, including reducing capital expenditures not required to sustain current network operations, reducing operating cash outflows such as marketing and general and administrative expenses, and pursuing equity financing through issuance of equity securities in public markets. However, management does not currently believe these additional actions will be required to be implemented due to its debt refinancing plans.

In light of the plans discussed above, management believes it is probable the Company will meet its obligations as they come due for a minimum of twelve months from the issuance date of these consolidated financial statements. However, if the Company were unable to refinance its existing debt, obtain additional financing, or implement the above plans, as needed, there could be an adverse impact on the Company’s operations.

Restructuring Expense

In connection with the repositioning of the Company’s legacy wholesale roaming operations in its US Telecom segment, the Company recorded a $2.9 million restructuring charge during the three months ended March 31, 2023 related to the decommissioning of certain cell sites. The charge is recorded in the Restructuring Expense on the Company’s statement of operations. As of March 31, 2023, the Company paid $0.5 million, recorded a gain of $0.3 million on lease termination, and accrued $2.7 million of the restructuring expenses. In conjunction with the restructuring the Company terminated $5.0 million of lease right of use assets and $5.3 million of lease liabilities from its balance sheet.

2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The financial information included herein is unaudited; however, the Company believes such information and the disclosures herein are adequate to make the information presented not misleading and reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that are necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position and results of operations for the periods described therein. The year-end condensed balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Results of interim periods may not be indicative of results for the full year. These condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 15, 2023.

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its subsidiaries in which the Company holds controlling interests and certain entities which are consolidated in accordance with the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) authoritative guidance on the consolidation of variable interest entities, since it is determined that the Company is the primary beneficiary of these entities.

​

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3. REVENUE RECOGNITION AND RECEIVABLES

Revenue Accounted for in Accordance with Other Guidance

The Company records revenue in accordance with ASC 606 from contracts with customers and ASC 842 from lease agreements, as well as government grants. Lease revenue recognized under ASC 842 is disclosed in Note 4 and government grant revenue is disclosed in Note 9.

Timing of Revenue Recognition

Revenue accounted for in accordance with ASC 606 consisted of the following for the periods presented below.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three months ended | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, 2023 | ​ | March 31, 2022
Services transferred over time | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
US Telecom | $ | 81,072 | ​ | $ | 72,290 | ​
International Telecom | ​ | 85,680 | ​ | ​ | 81,302 | ​
Total | ​ | 166,752 | ​ | ​ | 153,592 | ​
Goods and services transferred at a point in time | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
US Telecom | ​ | 2,546 | ​ | ​ | 3,597 | ​
International Telecom | ​ | 3,259 | ​ | ​ | 2,723 | ​
Total | ​ | 5,805 | ​ | ​ | 6,320 | ​
Total revenue accounted for under ASC 606 | ​ | 172,557 | ​ | ​ | 159,912 | ​

​

Contract Assets and Liabilities

The Company recognizes contract assets and liabilities on its balance sheet. Contract assets represent unbilled amounts typically resulting from consumer Mobility contracts with both a multiyear service period and a promotional discount. In these contracts, the revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. The current portion of the contract asset is recorded in prepayments and other current assets and the noncurrent portion is included in other assets on the Company’s balance sheets.

Contract liabilities consist of advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized. Mobility and Fixed revenue for postpaid customers is generally billed one month in advance and recognized over the period that the corresponding service is rendered to customers. To the extent the service is not provided by the reporting date the amount is recognized as a contract liability. Prepaid service, including Mobility services, sold to customers is recorded as deferred revenue prior to the commencement of services. Contract liabilities also include certain long term fixed business and carrier service customer contracts. Contract liabilities are recorded in advanced payments and deposits and other liabilities on the Company’s balance sheets.

In July 2019, the Company entered into a Network Build and Maintenance Agreement with AT&T Mobility, LLC (“AT&T”) and subsequently entered into amendments in August 2020, May 2021 and August 2022 (the “FirstNet Agreement”). In connection with the FirstNet Agreement, the Company is building a portion of AT&T’s network for the First Responder Network Authority in or near the Company’s current operating areas in the western United States (the “FirstNet Transaction”). The FirstNet Transaction includes construction and service performance obligations. The Company allocated the transaction price of the FirstNet Agreement to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price of each performance obligation in the contract. The standalone selling price is the estimated price the Company would charge for the good or service in a separate transaction with similar customers in similar circumstances. The current portion of receivables under this agreement is recorded in customer receivable and the long-term portion is recorded in customer receivable long-term on the Company’s balance sheet.

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Contract assets and liabilities consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | March 31, 2023 | ​ | December 31, 2022 | ​ | ​ | $ Change | ​ | % Change
Contract asset – current | $ | 3,010 | ​ | $ | 2,932 | ​ | $ | 78 | ​ | 3 | %
Contract asset – noncurrent | ​ | 3,734 | ​ | ​ | 3,775 | ​ | ​ | (41) | ​ | (1) | %
Contract liability – current | ​ | (26,086) | ​ | ​ | (27,284) | ​ | ​ | 1,198 | ​ | 4 | %
Contract liability – noncurrent | ​ | (70,444) | ​ | ​ | (72,543) | ​ | ​ | 2,099 | ​ | 3 | %
Net contract liability | $ | (89,786) | ​ | $ | (93,120) | ​ | $ | 3,334 | ​ | 4 | %

​

The contract asset – current is included in prepayments and other current assets and the contract asset – noncurrent is included in other assets on the Company’s balance sheet. The contract liability – current is included in advance payments and deposits and the contract liability – noncurrent is included in other liabilities on the Company’s balance sheet. The decrease in the Company’s net contract liability was due to the timing of customer prepayments, contract billings, and recognition of deferred revenue. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recognized revenue of $14.8 million related to its December 31, 2022 contract liability and amortized $0.7 million of the December 31, 2022 contract asset to revenue.

Contract Acquisition Costs

The March 31, 2023 balance sheet includes contract acquisition costs of $9.0 million in other assets. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company amortized $1.1 million and $0.8 million, respectively, of contract acquisition costs.

Remaining Performance Obligations

Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations of certain multiyear Mobility contracts, which include a promotional discount, Managed Services contracts, and the Company’s Carrier Services construction and service contracts. The transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations was $286 million and $312 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company expects to satisfy approximately 50% of the remaining performance obligations and recognize the transaction price within 24 months and the remainder thereafter.

The Company has certain Mobility, Fixed, and Carrier Services contracts where the transaction price is allocated to remaining performance obligations. However, the Company omits these contracts from its disclosure by applying the right to invoice, one year or less, and wholly unsatisfied performance obligation practical expedients.

Disaggregation

The Company's revenue is presented on a disaggregated basis in Note 13 based on an evaluation of disclosures outside the financial statements, information regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision makers for evaluating the financial performance of operating segments and other information that is used for performance evaluation and resource allocations. This includes revenue from Communication Services, Construction, and Other revenue. Communication Services revenue is further disaggregated into business and consumer Mobility, business and consumer Fixed, Carrier Services, and Other services. Other revenue is further disaggregated into Managed Services revenue.

Receivables

The Company records an estimate of future credit losses in conjunction with the revenue transaction based on the information available including historical experience and management’s expectations of future conditions. Those estimates will be updated as additional information becomes available. The Company’s allowance for uncollectible

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accounts receivable is based on management’s assessment of the collectability of assets pooled together with similar risk characteristics.

At March 31, 2023, the Company had gross accounts receivable of $152.3 million, an allowance for credit losses of $16.0 million and a receivable under the FirstNet Agreement totaling $51.8 million of which $6.1 million was current and $45.7 million was long-term. At December 31, 2022, the Company had gross accounts receivable of $154.5 million, an allowance for credit losses of $15.2 million and a receivable under the FirstNet Agreement totaling $52.5 million, of which $5.8 million was current and $46.7 million was long-term. The Company monitors receivables through the use of historical operating data adjusted for the expectation of future performance as appropriate. Activity in the allowance for credit losses is below:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three months ended
​ |  | March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 15,171 | ​ | $ | 13,885
Current period provision for expected losses |  | ​ | 1,378 | ​ | ​ | 1,913
Write-offs charged against the allowance |  | ​ | (591) | ​ | ​ | (862)
Recoveries collected | ​ | ​ | 74 | ​ | ​ | 108
Balance at end of period | ​ | $ | 16,032 | ​ | $ | 15,044

​

​

4. LEASES

Lessee Disclosure

The Company has operating and financing leases for towers, land, corporate offices, retail facilities, and data transport capacity. The lease terms are generally between three and 10 years, some of which include additional renewal options.

Supplemental lease information

The components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three months ended
​ | March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022
Operating lease cost: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating lease cost | $ | 5,981 | ​ | $ | 6,142
Short-term lease cost | ​ | 677 | ​ | ​ | 509
Variable lease cost | ​ | 662 | ​ | ​ | 804
Total operating lease cost | $ | 7,320 | ​ | $ | 7,455
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Finance lease cost: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Amortization of right-of-use asset | $ | 699 | ​ | $ | 797
Variable costs | ​ | 203 | ​ | ​ | 248
Interest costs | ​ | 84 | ​ | ​ | 102
Total finance lease cost | $ | 986 | ​ | $ | 1,147

​

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company paid $5.0 million and $5.6 million, respectively, for operating lease liabilities. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded $2.9 million and $3.7 million, respectively, of operating lease liabilities arising from ROU assets. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, in conjunction with the restructuring activities the Company terminated $5.0

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million of lease right of use assets, $5.3 million of lease liabilities from its balance sheet, and recorded a gain of $0.3 million in the restructuring expense line of its statement of operations.

At March 31, 2023, finance leases with a cost of $27.5 million and accumulated amortization of $14.1 million were included in property, plant and equipment. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company paid $0.2 million of financing cash flows, $0.9 million of investing cash flows and $0.1 million of operating cash flows for finance lease liabilities. At March 31, 2023, finance leases had a lease liability of $5.1 million, of which $1.0 million was current.

At December 31, 2022, finance leases with a cost of $26.6 million and accumulated amortization of $13.5 million were included in property, plant and equipment.

The weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rates as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are noted in the table below:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | March 31, 2023 | ​ | December 31, 2022
Weighted-average remaining lease term | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating leases | ​ | 13.1 years | ​ | ​ | 12.4 years
Financing leases | ​ | 9.3 years | ​ | ​ | 9.3 years
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Weighted-average discount rate | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating leases | ​ | 6.1% | ​ | ​ | 6.0%
Financing leases | ​ | 6.9% | ​ | ​ | 6.7%

​

Maturities of lease liabilities as of March 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Operating Leases | ​ | Financing Leases
2023 (excluding the three months ended March 31, 2023) | ​ | 12,977 | ​ | ​ | 1,045
2024 | ​ | 17,023 | ​ | ​ | 1,240
2025 | ​ | 13,897 | ​ | ​ | 972
2026 | ​ | 9,771 | ​ | ​ | 504
2027 | ​ | 7,708 | ​ | ​ | 495
Thereafter | ​ | 79,134 | ​ | ​ | 2,651
Total lease payments | ​ | 140,510 | ​ | ​ | 6,907
Less imputed interest | ​ | (53,450) | ​ | ​ | (1,822)
Total | $ | 87,060 | ​ | $ | 5,085

​

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Maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Operating Leases | ​ | Financing Leases
2023 | $ | 19,417 | ​ | $ | 1,403
2024 | ​ | 17,836 | ​ | ​ | 1,342
2025 | ​ | 14,805 | ​ | ​ | 978
2026 | ​ | 10,505 | ​ | ​ | 504
2027 | ​ | 8,096 | ​ | ​ | 495
Thereafter | ​ | 76,452 | ​ | ​ | 2,651
Total lease payments | ​ | 147,111 | ​ | ​ | 7,373
Less imputed interest | ​ | (53,794) | ​ | ​ | (1,914)
Total | $ | 93,317 | ​ | $ | 5,459

​

As of March 31, 2023, the Company did not have any material operating or finance leases that have not yet commenced.

Lessor Disclosure

The Company is the lessor in agreements to lease the use of its network assets including its cell sites and buildings. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded $1.9 million and $1.0 million, respectively, of lease income from agreements in which the Company is the lessor. Lease income is classified as Carrier Services revenue in the statement of operations.

The following table presents the maturities of future undiscounted lease payments for the periods indicated:

​

​ | ​ | ​
2023 (excluding the three months ended March 31, 2023) | $ | 4,609
2024 | ​ | 5,891
2025 | ​ | 5,716
2026 | ​ | 5,410
2027 | ​ | 4,267
Thereafter | ​ | 14,360
Total future lease payments | $ | 40,253

​

​

5. USE OF ESTIMATES

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. The most significant estimates relate to the allowance for credit losses on trade receivables, useful lives of the Company’s fixed and finite-lived intangible assets, allocation of purchase price to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations, fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets, goodwill and income taxes. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

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6. ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS

US Telecom

Acquisition of Sacred Wind Enterprises

On November 7, 2022, the Company’s newly formed wholly owned subsidiary Alloy, Inc. (Alloy”) acquired all of the issued and outstanding stock of Sacred Wind Enterprises, Inc. (“Sacred Wind”), Inc., a rural telecommunications provider in New Mexico for $44.6 million of consideration (“Sacred Wind Transaction”). The purchase price allocation was finalized during the three months ended March 31, 2023. As part of the Sacred Wind Transaction, the Company transferred consideration of $18.0 million of cash, net of $9.4 million of cash acquired, $14.8 million of redeemable noncontrolling interests, and $3.7 million of contingent consideration less $1.3 million of receivables related to working capital adjustments. Upon completion of the Sacred Wind Transaction, the former Sacred Wind shareholders own 6% of the Alloy equity. This equity is classified as redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Company’s financial statements because the holders have an option, beginning in 2026, to put the equity interest to a subsidiary of the Company at the then fair market value. The redeemable noncontrolling interests do not have preference relative to other equity units and participate in gains and losses in Alloy. The contingent consideration is earned based on certain operating metrics of Sacred Wind beginning in 2025 through 2027. The fair value of the contingent consideration was calculated using discounted cash flow analysis based on a range of probability weighted outcomes. The Company funded the acquisition with borrowings under its CoBank Credit Facility and assumed $31.6 million of Sacred Wind debt, to the United States of America administered through the Rural Utilities Service.

The table below represents the purchase price allocation of the total consideration transferred to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities based on management’s estimate of their acquisition date fair values (amounts in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​
Consideration Transferred | $ | 44,560
Preliminary purchase price allocation: | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | 2,619
Restricted cash | ​ | 6,747
Current assets | ​ | 4,888
Operating lease right of use assets | ​ | 989
Fixed assets | ​ | 85,255
Intangible assets | ​ | 1,232
Current liabilities | ​ | (10,176)
Lease liabilities | ​ | (967)
Deferred taxes | ​ | (14,388)
Debt | ​ | (31,639)
Net assets acquired | $ | 44,560

​

The acquired fixed assets are comprised of telecommunication equipment located in the Southwest United States. The fixed assets were valued using the income and cost approaches. Cash flows were discounted between 7% and 12% based on the risk associated with the cash flows to determine fair value under the income approach. The fixed assets have useful lives ranging from 1 to 25 years. The intangible assets include a $0.6 million trade name. The estimated fair value of the trade name was determined using the relief from royalty method. The useful life of the trade name is 5 years. The acquired receivables consist of trade receivables incurred in the ordinary course of business. The Company expects to collect the full amount of the receivables. Current liabilities includes $6.5 million of deposits received under government grant programs that will be used to construct fixed assets in future periods.

The Company incurred $0.8 million of transaction-related charges pertaining to legal, accounting, consulting services, and employee related costs associated with the transaction during the year ended December 31, 2022.

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7. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND INVESTMENTS

In accordance with the provisions of fair value accounting, a fair value measurement assumes that a transaction to sell an asset or transfer a liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability, and defines fair value based upon an exit price model.

The fair value measurement guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The guidance describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

​ | ​ | ​
Level 1 | ​ | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. Active markets are those in which transactions for the asset and liability occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. Level 1 assets and liabilities include money market funds, debt and equity securities and derivative contracts that are traded in an active exchange market. ​
​ | ​ | ​
Level 2 | ​ | Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 2 assets and liabilities include debt securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments and derivative contracts whose value is determined using a pricing model with inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. This category generally includes corporate obligations and non-exchange traded derivative contracts. ​
​ | ​ | ​
Level 3 | ​ | Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments and intangible assets that have been impaired whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

​

​

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Assets and liabilities of the Company measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are summarized as follows (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, 2023
​ | ​ | Significant Other
​ | ​ | Quoted Prices in | ​ | Unobservable | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Active Markets | ​ | Inputs | ​ | ​ | ​
Description | ​ | (Level 1) | ​ | (Level 3) | ​ | Total
Short term investments | ​ | $ | 300 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 300
Other investments | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,694 | ​ | ​ | 1,694
Alaska Communications redeemable common units | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (22,266) | ​ | ​ | (22,266)
Alloy redeemable common units | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (14,760) | ​ | ​ | (14,760)
Warrants on Alaska Communications redeemable common units | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (654) | ​ | ​ | (654)
Total assets and liabilities measured at fair value | ​ | $ | 300 | ​ | $ | (35,986) | ​ | $ | (35,686)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | December 31, 2022
| ​ | Significant Other
​ | ​ | Quoted Prices in | ​ | Unobservable | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Active Markets | ​ | Inputs | ​ | ​ | ​
Description | ​ | (Level 1) | ​ | (Level 3) | ​ | Total
Short term investments | ​ | $ | 300 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 300
Other investments | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,616 | ​ | ​ | 1,616
Alaska Communications redeemable common units | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (22,557) | ​ | ​ | (22,557)
Alloy redeemable common units | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (14,760) | ​ | ​ | (14,760)
Warrants on Alaska Communications redeemable common units | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (654) | ​ | ​ | (654)
Total assets and liabilities measured at fair value | ​ | $ | 300 | ​ | $ | (36,355) | ​ | $ | (36,055)

​

​

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Other Investments

The Company holds investments in equity securities consisting of noncontrolling investments in privately held companies. The investments are accounted for using equity method accounting, the measurement alternative for investments without a readily determinable fair value, or fair value. The fair value investments are valued using level 3 inputs and the Company used the income approach to fair value the investment. The inputs consisted of a discount rate and future cash flows calculated based on the investment attributes. A roll forward of the investments is below:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Investments without a readily determinable fair value | ​ | Fair value investments | ​ | Equity investments | ​ | Total
Balance, December 31, 2022 | ​ | $ | 22,590 | ​ | $ | 1,616 | ​ | $ | 13,963 | ​ | $ | 38,169
Income recognized | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 77 | ​ | ​ | 238 | ​ | ​ | 315
Contributions | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 630 | ​ | ​ | 630
Foreign currency gain | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 111 | ​ | ​ | 111
Balance, March 31, 2023 | ​ | $ | 22,590 | ​ | $ | 1,693 | ​ | $ | 14,942 | ​ | $ | 39,225
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance, December 31, 2021 | ​ | $ | 17,820 | ​ | $ | 1,925 | ​ | $ | 28,699 | ​ | $ | 48,444
Income (loss) recognized | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 99 | ​ | ​ | (662) | ​ | ​ | (563)
Foreign currency gain | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 256 | ​ | ​ | 256
Gain recognized | ​ | ​ | 4,770 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4,770
Balance, March 31, 2022 | ​ | $ | 22,590 | ​ | $ | 2,024 | ​ | $ | 28,293 | ​ | $ | 52,907

​

These investments are included with other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

Redeemable Common Units and Warrants

The Company has issued redeemable common units, and warrants to purchase additional common units, in consolidated subsidiaries of the Company. The instruments are redeemable at the option of the holder. Both the common units and warrants to purchase common units are recorded at fair value in the Company’s financial statements. The common units are recorded in redeemable noncontrolling interest and the warrants are recorded in other liabilities on the Company’s balance sheets. The put options for the Alloy redeemable common units begins in 2026. The put options for the Alaska Communications redeemable common units begin the earlier of a public offering or 2028. The Company calculates the fair value of the instruments using a market approach with Level 3 inputs.

Other Fair Value Disclosures

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values because of the relatively short-term maturities of these financial instruments.

The fair value of long-term debt is estimated using Level 2 inputs. At March 31, 2023, the fair value of long-term debt, including the current portion, was $519.0 million and its book value was $512.8 million. At December 31, 2022, the fair value of long-term debt, including the current portion, was $473.7 million and its book value was $467.2 million.

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​

8. LONG-TERM DEBT

CoBank Credit Facility

On April 10, 2019, the Company entered into a credit facility, with CoBank, ACB and a syndicate of other lenders (as amended, the “2019 CoBank Credit Facility”). The 2019 CoBank Credit Facility provides for a $200 million revolving credit facility that includes (i) up to $75 million for standby or trade letters of credit and (ii) up to $10 million under a swingline sub-facility. Approximately $24.0 million of performance letters of credit have been issued and remain outstanding and undrawn as of March 31, 2023. The 2019 CoBank Credit Facility matures on April 10, 2024. Refer to Liquidity disclosure in Note 1 regarding the maturity of the facility.

Amounts borrowed under the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to, at the Company’s option, either (i) the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus an applicable margin ranging between 1.25% to 2.25% or (ii) a base rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.25% to 1.25%. Swingline loans bear interest at the base rate plus the applicable margin for base rate loans. The base rate is equal to the higher of (i) 1.00% plus the higher of (x) LIBOR for an interest period of one month and (y) LIBOR for an interest period of one week; (ii) the Federal Funds Effective Rate (as defined in the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility) plus 0.50% per annum; and (iii) the Prime Rate (as defined in the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility). The applicable margin is determined based on the Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility). Under the terms of the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility, the Company must also pay a commitment fee ranging from 0.150% to 0.375% of the average daily unused portion of the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility over each calendar quarter.

On November 7, 2022, the Company further amended the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility to allow for the incurrence of certain indebtedness related to payment guarantees in connection with its Replace and Remove project.

On December 28, 2022, the Company further amended the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility, effective November 7, 2022, to allow for certain transactions contemplated with the Sacred Wind Transaction.

The 2019 CoBank Credit Facility contains customary representations, warranties and covenants, including a financial covenant that imposes a maximum ratio of indebtedness to EBITDA as well as covenants limiting additional indebtedness, liens, guaranties, mergers and consolidations, substantial asset sales, investments and loans, sale and leasebacks, transactions with affiliates and fundamental changes. The Company’s investments in “unrestricted” subsidiaries and certain dividend payments to our stockholders are not limited unless the Total Net Leverage Ratio is equal to or greater than 1.75 to 1.0. The Total Net Leverage Ratio is measured each fiscal quarter and is required to be less than or equal to 2.75 to 1.0. In the event of a Qualifying Acquisition (as defined in the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility), the Total Net Leverage Ratio increases to 3.25 to 1.0 for the subsequent three fiscal quarters.

The 2019 CoBank Credit Facility also provides for the incurrence by the Company of incremental term loan facilities, when combined with increases to revolving loan commitments, in an aggregate amount not to exceed $200 million (the “Accordion”). Amounts borrowed under the Accordion are also subject to proforma compliance with a net leverage ratio financial covenant.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all of the financial covenants, had $122.0 million outstanding and $54.0 million of availability in connection with the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility. There are no outstanding interest rate hedge agreements under the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility as of March 31, 2023.

Letter of Credit Facility

On November 14, 2022, the Company entered into a General Agreement of Indemnity to issue performance Standby Letters of Credit on behalf of the Company and its subsidiaries. As of March 31, 2023, $4.2 million of Standby Letters of Credit had been issued under this agreement.

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Alaska Credit Facility

On July 22, 2021, Alaska Communications entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Alaska Credit Facility”) with Fifth Third Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, and a syndicate of lenders to provide a $35.0 million revolving facility (the “Alaska Revolving Facility”) and a $210.0 million initial term loan facility (the “Alaska Term Loan”).

On December 23, 2022, Alaska Communications entered into a First Amendment Agreement (the “ACS Amendment’). The ACS Amendment amends the Alaska Credit Facility to increase its Revolving Credit Commitment from $35.0 million to $75.0 million and Term Loan Commitment from $210 million to $230 million. As a part of the transaction, the Term Loan commitment was fully funded as the outstanding Revolving Credit Commitment balance was transferred.

As of March 31, 2023, Alaska Communications had drawn $17.0 million on its Revolving Credit Commitment and had $58.0 million is available to draw. The Term Loan balance was $230.0 million and principal payments commence in the fourth quarter of 2023. Both facilities mature on July 22, 2026

In addition to the above changes, the ACS Amendment replaced the calculation of interest from an applicable margin applied to LIBOR with the same applicable margin applied to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus a 10-basis point adjustment.

The Company capitalized $7.3 million of fees associated with the Alaska Credit Facility which are being amortized over the life of the debt and $5.0 million were unamortized as of March 31, 2023.

The Alaska Credit Facility also provides for incremental facilities up to an aggregate principal amount of the greater of $70.0 million and Alaska Communications’ trailing twelve-month Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Alaska Credit Facility).

The key terms and conditions of the Alaska Credit Facility include the following:

| ● | Amounts outstanding bear an interest rate of the forward-looking SOFR rate with a one month interest period, plus the SOFR Spread Adjustment of 10 basis points, plus a margin ranging from 3.00% to 4.00% based on Alaska Communications’ Consolidated Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) or an alternate base rate may be selected at a margin that is 1% lower than the counterpart SOFR margin;

​

| ● | Principal repayments are due quarterly commencing in the fourth quarter of 2023 in quarterly amounts as follows: from the fourth quarter of 2023 through the third quarter of 2024, $1.4 million; and from the fourth quarter of 2024 through the third quarter of 2026, $2.9 million. The remaining unpaid balance is due on the final maturity date;

| ● | Alaska Communications is required to maintain financial ratios as defined in the Alaska Credit Facility, including (a) a maximum Consolidated Net Total Leverage Ratio of 4.00 to 1, stepping down to 3.75 to 1 beginning with the second quarter of 2024; and (b) a minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of not less than 1.25 to 1; and

| ● | The Alaska Credit Facility is non-recourse to the Company and is secured by substantially all of the personal property and certain material real property owned by Alaska Communications.

Alaska Communication’s interest rate swap, which had been designated as a cash flow hedge with an interest rate of 1.6735%, expired on June 30, 2022. As of March 31, 2023, there are no outstanding interest rate hedge agreements associated with the Alaska Credit Facility.

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Alaska Term Facility

On June 15, 2022, Alaska Communications Systems Holdings, the parent company of Alaska Communications, entered a secured lending arrangement with Bristol Bay Industrial, LLC. (the “Alaska Term Facility”).

The Alaska Term Facility provides for a secured delayed draw term loan in an aggregate principal amount of up to $7.5 million and the proceeds may be used to pay certain invoices from a contractor for work performed in connection with a fiber build. Interest on the Alaska Term Facility accrues at a fixed rate of 4.0% and is payable commencing on March 31, 2023. Scheduled quarterly payments of principal commenced on March 31, 2023. The Alaska Term Facility matures on June 30, 2024.

The Alaska Term Facility contains events of default customary for facilities of this type.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had $7.1 million outstanding and no available borrowings under the Alaska Term Facility.

FirstNet Receivables Credit Facility

On March 26, 2020, Commnet Finance, a wholly owned subsidiary of Commnet Wireless, entered into a receivables credit facility with the Company, Commnet Wireless, and CoBank, ACB (the “Receivables Credit Facility”).

The Receivables Credit Facility provides for a senior secured delayed draw term loan in an aggregate principal amount of up to $75.0 million and the proceeds may be used to acquire certain receivables from Commnet Wireless. The receivables to be financed and sold under the Receivables Credit Facility, which provide the loan security, relate to the obligations of AT&T under the FirstNet Agreement.

On December 23, 2022, CoBank amended the Receivables Credit Facility and extended the delayed draw period to December 31, 2023.

The maturity date for each loan will be set by CoBank and will match the weighted average maturity of the certain receivables financed.

Interest on the loans accrues at a fixed annual interest rate to be quoted by CoBank.

The Receivables Credit Facility contains customary events of termination, representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and events of default customary for facilities of this type.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had $48.7 million outstanding, of which $6.6 million was current, and $18.0 million of availability under the Receivables Credit Facility. The Company capitalized $0.8 million in fees associated with the Receivables Credit Facility which are being amortized over the life of the debt and $0.6 million were unamortized as of March 31, 2023.

GTT Credit Facilities

On September 5, 2022, GTT received approval from Republic Bank (Guyana) Limited for a $2.9 million term facility and a $5.7 million overdraft facility (the “GTT Credit Facilities”) subject to the approval from the Minister of Finance at the Bank of Guyana. Such approval from the Minister of Finance was received during the quarter ended March 31, 2023.

The GTT Credit Facilities are secured by real estate assets and carry a fixed interest rate of 7.5% which will be reviewed by the bank from time to time and subject to change at the bank’s discretion. The term facility is repayable

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over five years in equal monthly installments of principal and interest, commencing one month after funds are advanced. The overdraft facility will expire on October 11, 2023.

As of March 31, 2023, $3.6 million was outstanding on the overdraft facility and there were no outstanding amounts under the term facility.

Sacred Wind Term Debt

In connection with the Sacred Wind Transaction completed on November 7, 2022, the Company assumed $31.6 million of term debt (the “Sacred Wind Term Debt”) with the United States of America acting through the Administrator of the Rural Utilities Service (“RUS”). The loan agreements are dated as of October 23, 2006 and March 17, 2016. RUS provides financial assistance in the form of loans under the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 to furnish or improve telecommunications and/or broadband services in rural areas.

The Sacred Wind Term Debt is secured by substantially all assets of Sacred Wind and an underlying mortgage to the United States of America. These mortgage notes are to be repaid in equal monthly installments covering principal and interest beginning after the date of issue and expiring by 2035.

The Sacred Wind Term Debt contains certain restrictions on the declaration or payment of dividends, redemption of capital stock or investment in affiliated companies without the consent by the RUS noteholders. The agreements also contain a financial covenant which Sacred Wind was not in compliance with as of December 31, 2021. Sacred Wind submitted a corrective action plan to comply with the financial covenant as of December 31, 2025. On May 5, 2022, Sacred Wind’s corrective action plan was accepted by the RUS. As of March 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with that corrective action plan.

As of March 31, 2023, $30.6 million was outstanding under the Sacred Wind Term Debt. Of that amount, $3.2 million was current and $27.4 million was long term.

Viya Debt

The Company, and certain of its subsidiaries, have entered into a $60.0 million loan agreement (the “Viya Debt”) with Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative (“RTFC”). The Viya Debt agreement contains customary representations, warranties and affirmative and negative covenants (including limitations on additional debt, guaranties, sale of assets and liens) and a financial covenant that limits the maximum ratio of indebtedness to annual operating cash flow to 3.5 to 1.0 (the “Net Leverage Ratio”). This covenant is tested on an annual basis at the end of each fiscal year. Interest is paid quarterly at a fixed rate of 4.0% per annum and principal repayment is not required until maturity on July 1, 2026. Prepayment of the Viya Debt may be subject to a fee under certain circumstances. The debt is secured by certain assets of our Viya subsidiaries and is guaranteed by us.

The Company paid a fee of $0.9 million in 2016 to lock the interest rate at 4% per annum over the term of the Viya Debt. The fee was recorded as a reduction to the Viya Debt carrying amount and is being amortized over the life of the loan.

As of March 31, 2023, $60.0 million of the Viya Debt remained outstanding and $0.3 million of the rate lock fee was unamortized.

On May 5, 2022, RTFC agreed to amend the Net Leverage Ratio to 7.0 to 1.0 through the maturity date of July 1, 2026. The Ratio is tested annually and the Company was in compliance with the Net Leverage Ratio as of December 31, 2022.

One Communications Debt

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The Company had an outstanding loan from HSBC Bank Bermuda Limited (the “One Communications Debt”) which matured and was repaid in full on December 22, 2022. This loan bore interest at the one-month LIBOR plus a margin ranging between 2.5% to 2.75% per annum paid quarterly.

Debt Maturity

The table below summarizes the annual maturities of the Company’s debt instruments (amounts in thousands).

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Customer
​ | US | ​ | International | ​ | Total | Receivable
​ | Telecom | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Debt | Credit Facility
2023 (excluding the three months ended March 31, 2023) | $ | 4,998 | ​ | $ | 3,553 | ​ | $ | 8,551 | $ | 4,904
2024 | ​ | 138,536 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 138,536 | ​ | 6,787
2025 | ​ | 14,969 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 14,969 | ​ | 7,083
2026 | ​ | 230,469 | ​ | ​ | 60,000 | ​ | ​ | 290,469 | ​ | 7,393
2027 | ​ | 3,723 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,723 | ​ | 7,718
Thereafter | ​ | 14,028 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 14,028 | ​ | 14,794
Total | ​ | 406,723 | ​ | ​ | 63,553 | ​ | ​ | 470,276 | ​ | 48,679
Debt Discounts | ​ | (5,277) | ​ | ​ | (318) | ​ | ​ | (5,595) | ​ | (572)
Book Value | ​ | 401,446 | ​ | ​ | 63,235 | ​ | ​ | 464,681 | ​ | 48,107

​

​

​

​

​

9. GOVERNMENT SUPPORT AND SPECTRUM MATTERS

Universal Service Fund and Connect America Fund Phase II Programs

The Company recognizes revenue from several government funded programs including the Universal Service Fund (“USF”), a subsidy program managed by the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”), the Alaska Universal Service Fund (“AUSF”), a similar program managed by the Regulatory Commission of Alaska (the “RCA”), and the Emergency Connectivity Fund (“ECF”), a program to help schools and libraries support remote learning in underserved communities. USF funds are disbursed to telecommunication providers through four programs: the High Cost Program; the Low Income Program (“Lifeline Program”); the Schools and Libraries Program (“E-Rate Program”); and the Rural Health Care Support Program.

The Company also recognizes revenue from the Connect America Fund Phase II program (“CAF II”) which offers subsidies to carriers to expand broadband coverage in designated areas. Under CAF II, the Company’s US Telecom segment will receive an aggregate of $27.7 million annually through December 2025 and an aggregate of $8.0 million annually from January 2026 through July 2028.

All of the programs are subject to certain operational and reporting compliance requirements. The Company believes it is in compliance with these requirements as of March 31, 2023. Revenue recognized from the USF and CAFII programs is recognized as revenue from government grants. Revenue from other programs is recognized in accordance with ASC 606.

RDOF (“Rural Digital Opportunities Fund”)

The Company expects to receive approximately $22.7 million over 10 years to provide broadband and voice coverage to over 10,000 households in the United States (not including Alaska) under the 2020 Rural Digital Opportunity Fund Phase I Auction (“RDOF”). Revenue recognized from the RDOF program is recognized as revenue from government grants.

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​

The Company recorded the amounts below as communication services revenue for the reported periods:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three months ended
​ | March 31, 2023
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | US Telecom | ​ | International Telecom | ​ | Total
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
High cost support | $ | 2,494 | ​ | $ | 1,397 | ​ | $ | 3,891
CAF II | ​ | 6,815 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 6,815
RDOF | ​ | 608 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 608
Other Programs | ​ | 15,660 | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ | ​ | 15,664
Total | $ | 25,577 | ​ | $ | 1,401 | ​ | $ | 26,978

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three months ended
​ | March 31, 2022
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | US Telecom | ​ | International Telecom | ​ | Total
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
High cost support | $ | 1,056 | ​ | $ | 2,761 | ​ | $ | 3,817
CAF II | ​ | 6,822 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 6,822
Other Programs | ​ | 5,554 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 5,554
Total | $ | 13,432 | ​ | $ | 2,761 | ​ | $ | 16,193

​

In 2018, the FCC initiated a proceeding to replace the High Cost Program support received by Viya in the US Virgin Islands with a new Connect USVI Fund. On November 16, 2020, the FCC announced that Viya was not the recipient of the Connect USVI Fund award and authorized funding to be issued to the new awardee in June 2021. Pursuant to the terms of the program and effective in July 2021, Viya’s annual USF support was reduced from $16.4 million to $10.9 million. In July 2022, this support was reduced to $5.5 million for the annual period through June 2023. In April of 2023, the FCC issued an order extending the high cost support in the US Virgin Islands at the current $5.5 million per year received from July 2023 through December 31, 2025. In connection with this order, the FCC requires that the Company maintain its current footprint for voice and broadband services in the US Virgin Islands.

Construction Grants

The Company has also been awarded construction grants to build network connectivity for eligible communities. The funding of these grants, used to reimburse the Company for its construction costs, is distributed upon completion of a project. Completion deadlines begin in June 2023 and once these projects are constructed, the Company is obligated to provide service to the participants. The Company expects to meet all requirements associated with these grants. A roll forward of the Company’s grant awards is below (in thousands).

​

​ | ​ | ​
​ | Amount
Grants awarded, December 31, 2022 | $ | 80,197
New grants | ​ | 4,364
Grants awarded, March 31, 2023 | $ | 84,561

​

In addition, the Company partners with tribal governments to obtain grants under the Tribal Broadband Connectivity Program ("TBCP"). The TBCP is a program administered by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration to deploy broadband connectivity on tribal lands. The Company was identified as a sub recipient of TBCP grants totaling $145.5 million as of March 31, 2023.

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Replace and Remove Program

On July 15, 2022, the Company was notified that it was an approved participant in the Federal Communication Commission’s Secure and Trusted Communications Networks Reimbursement Program (the “Replace and Remove Program”), designed to reimburse providers of communications services for reasonable costs incurred in the required removal, replacement, and disposal of covered communications equipment or services, that have been deemed to pose a national security risk, from their networks. Pursuant to the Replace and Remove Program, the Company was allocated up to approximately $207 million in reimbursement amounts to cover documented and approved costs to remove and securely destroy all ZTE communications equipment and services in its U.S. networks and replace such equipment. The Replace and Remove Program requires that the Company complete its first request for reimbursement for services performed under the program no later than July 14, 2023, and that it complete the project no later than one year from submitting its initial reimbursement request. The Company anticipates that it will be able to meet the deadlines and requirements of the program. At March 31, 2023, the Company established a receivable for $6.7 million of costs for which it expects to be reimbursed under the program.

​

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10. RETIREMENT PLANS

Multi-employer Defined Benefit Plan

Pension benefits for substantially all of the Company’s Alaska-based employees are provided through the Alaska Electrical Pension Fund (“AEPF”). The Company pays a contractual hourly amount based on employee classification or base compensation to the AEPF. As a multi-employer defined benefit plan, the accumulated benefits and plan assets are not determined for, or allocated separately to, the individual employer. This plan was not in endangered or critical status during the plan year.

Defined Benefit Plan

The Company has noncontributory defined benefit pension and noncontributory defined medical, dental, vision, and life benefit plans for eligible employees who meet certain eligibility criteria. The majority of benefits under the plans are frozen and the plans no longer allow new participants to join.

The Company recorded the net periodic benefit cost identified below (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three months ended
​ | March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022
​ | Pension benefits | ​ | Postretirement benefits | ​ | Pension benefits | ​ | Postretirement benefits
Operating expense | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Service cost | $ | 38 | ​ | $ | 31 | ​ | $ | 57 | ​ | $ | 36
Non-operating expense | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest cost | ​ | 593 | ​ | ​ | 35 | ​ | ​ | 565 | ​ | ​ | 33
Expected return on plan assets |  | (953) | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | (925) | ​ |  | —
Settlements | ​ | 369 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Net periodic pension expense (benefit) | $ | 47 | ​ | $ | 66 | ​ | $ | (303) | ​ | $ | 69

​

The Company was not required to make contributions to its pension plans during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. However, the Company periodically evaluates whether to make discretionary contributions. The Company funds its postretirement benefit plans as claims are made and did not make contributions to its pension plans during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

11. INCOME TAXES

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was 9.5% and 296.7%, respectively.

The Company recorded an income tax benefit of $0.7 million in relation to a pretax loss of $7.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily impacted by the following items (i) the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which the Company operates, (ii) a net increase related to valuation allowances placed on certain deferred tax assets and (iii) discrete items including $0.6 million of expense for interest on unrecognized tax positions.

The Company recorded an income tax provision of $ 3.0 million in relation to income before taxes of $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was primarily impacted by the following items: (i) a $ 0.5 million net increase of unrecognized tax positions recognized discretely, (ii) a $ 2.1 million net expense recognized discretely to record a valuation allowance on certain deferred tax

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assets that are not expected to be realizable based on the weight of positive and negative evidence, and (iii) the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which the Company operates.

The Company’s effective tax rate is based upon estimated income before provision for income taxes for the year, composition of the income in different countries, and adjustments, if any, in the applicable quarterly periods for potential tax consequences, benefits and/or resolutions of tax contingencies. The Company’s consolidated tax rate will continue to be impacted by any transactional or one-time items in the future and the mix of income in any given year generated among the jurisdictions in which the Company operates. While the Company believes it has adequately provided for all tax positions, amounts asserted by taxing authorities could materially differ from the Company’s accrued positions as a result of uncertain and complex applications of tax law and regulations. Additionally, the recognition and measurement of certain tax benefits include estimates and judgments by management. Accordingly, the Company could record additional provisions or benefits for US federal, state, and foreign tax matters in future periods as new information becomes available.

12. EARNINGS PER SHARE AND REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS

Earnings Per Share

The following table reconciles the numerator and denominator in the computations of basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three months ended March 31,
​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022
Numerator: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net Loss attributable to ATN International, Inc. stockholders- Basic | ​ | (5,885) | ​ | ​ | (948)
Less: Preferred dividends | ​ | (1,045) | ​ | ​ | (1,116)
Net Loss attributable to ATN International, Inc. common stockholders- Diluted | $ | (6,930) | ​ | $ | (2,064)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Denominator: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Weighted-average shares outstanding- Basic | ​ | 15,768 | ​ | ​ | 15,708
Effective of dilutive securities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Stock options, restricted stock units and performance stock units | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Weighted-average shares outstanding- Diluted | ​ | 15,768 | ​ | ​ | 15,708

​

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Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests

In connection with certain acquisitions, the Company accounts for third-party non-controlling minority investments as redeemable noncontrolling interests, which consist of both redeemable common and, in some instances, preferred units, in its consolidated financial statements.

The common units contain put options allowing the holder to sell at a future date, the common units to a subsidiary of the Company at the then fair market value. The common units participate in the earnings and losses of the subsidiaries and are allocated their applicable share of earning and losses. After the allocation of earnings and losses, the Company estimates the fair value of the common units and adjusts the book value of the common units to that estimated fair value.

The preferred units contain put options allowing the holder to sell at a future date, the preferred units to a subsidiary of the Company at a fixed price equal to face value of the units plus unpaid dividends. The preferred units hold a distribution preference over common units and carry a fixed dividend rate.

The put options for both the common and preferred units, if any, are nonrecourse to the Company and exercisable at the earlier of a future initial public offering of the subsidiary or certain dates beginning in July 2028.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company allocated losses of $2.8 million and $1.1 million, respectively, to the redeemable common units representing their proportionate share of operating losses. The Company then compared the book value of the common units to the fair value and the fair value exceeded the book value. As a result, the book value was increased by $2.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The following table provides a roll forward of the activity related to the Company’s redeemable noncontrolling interests for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Redeemable Preferred Units | ​ | Redeemable Common Units | ​ | Total Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Balance, December 31, 2022 | $ | 55,152 | ​ | $ | 37,317 | ​ | $ | 92,469
Accrued preferred dividend | ​ | 1,045 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,045
Allocated net loss | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (2,821) | ​ | ​ | (2,821)
Change in fair value | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 2,530 | ​ | ​ | 2,530
Balance, March 31, 2023 | $ | 56,197 | ​ | $ | 37,026 | ​ | $ | 93,223

​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Redeemable Preferred Units | ​ | Redeemable Common Units | ​ | Total Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Balance, December 31, 2021 | $ | 50,296 | ​ | $ | 22,640 | ​ | $ | 72,936
Accrued preferred dividend | ​ | 1,116 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,116
Allocated net loss | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (1,092) | ​ | ​ | (1,092)
Change in fair value | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,092 | ​ | ​ | 1,092
Balance, March 31, 2022 | $ | 51,412 | ​ | $ | 22,640 | ​ | $ | 74,052

​

​

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13. SEGMENT REPORTING

The Company has the following two reportable and operating segments: i) International Telecom and ii) US Telecom.

The following tables provide information for each operating segment (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | International | ​ | US | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | Consolidated
Revenue | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Communication Services | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Mobility - Business | ​ | $ | 3,575 | ​ | $ | 172 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 3,747
Mobility - Consumer | ​ | ​ | 22,532 | ​ | ​ | 987 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 23,519
Total Mobility | ​ | ​ | 26,107 | ​ | ​ | 1,159 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 27,266
Fixed - Business | ​ | ​ | 17,113 | ​ | ​ | 36,320 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 53,433
Fixed - Consumer | ​ | ​ | 41,778 | ​ | ​ | 22,582 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 64,360
Total Fixed | ​ | ​ | 58,891 | ​ |  | 58,902 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 117,793
Carrier Services | ​ | ​ | 3,690 | ​ | ​ | 32,084 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 35,774
Other | ​ |  | 400 | ​ | ​ | 75 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 475
Total Communication Services Revenue | ​ |  | 89,088 | ​ | ​ | 92,220 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 181,308
Construction | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 590 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 590
Other | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Managed Services | ​ | ​ | 1,320 | ​ | ​ | 2,556 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,876
Total other revenue | ​ | ​ | 1,320 | ​ | ​ | 2,556 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,876
Total Revenue | ​ | ​ | 90,408 | ​ | ​ | 95,367 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 185,774
Depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | 14,186 | ​ |  | 21,487 | ​ |  | 731 | ​ |  | 36,404
Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions | ​ | ​ | 380 | ​ | ​ | 2,867 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,247
Non-cash stock-based compensation | ​ |  | 67 | ​ |  | 77 | ​ |  | 1,634 | ​ |  | 1,778
Operating income (loss) | ​ |  | 13,825 | ​ |  | (4,342) | ​ |  | (8,847) | ​ |  | 636

​

​

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​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  |  |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | International | ​ | US | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | Consolidated
Revenue | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Communication Services | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Mobility - Business | ​ | $ | 3,616 | ​ | $ | 374 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 3,990
Mobility - Consumer | ​ | ​ | 19,970 | ​ | ​ | 1,456 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 21,426
Total Mobility | ​ | ​ | 23,586 | ​ | ​ | 1,830 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 25,416
Fixed - Business | ​ | ​ | 17,254 | ​ | ​ | 27,145 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 44,399
Fixed - Consumer | ​ | ​ | 41,093 | ​ | ​ | 18,968 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 60,061
Total Fixed | ​ | ​ | 58,347 | ​ | ​ | 46,113 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 104,460
Carrier Services | ​ | ​ | 3,402 | ​ | ​ | 32,989 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 36,391
Other | ​ |  | 276 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 276
Total Communication Services Revenue | ​ |  | 85,611 | ​ | ​ | 80,932 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 166,543
Construction | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,987 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,987
Other | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Managed Services | ​ | ​ | 1,176 | ​ | ​ | 2,313 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,489
Total Other Revenue | ​ | ​ | 1,176 | ​ | ​ | 2,313 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,489
Total Revenue | ​ | ​ | 86,787 | ​ | ​ | 85,232 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 172,019
Depreciation | ​ |  | 13,897 | ​ | ​ | 18,442 | ​ | ​ | 953 | ​ |  | 33,292
Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions | ​ | ​ | 418 | ​ | ​ | 2,840 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,258
Non-cash stock-based compensation | ​ |  | 60 | ​ | ​ | 90 | ​ | ​ | 1,311 | ​ |  | 1,461
Operating income (loss) | ​ |  | 11,802 | ​ | ​ | (4,635) | ​ | ​ | (7,059) | ​ |  | 108

​

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Selected balance sheet data for each of the Company’s segments as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consists of the following (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | International | ​ | US | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | Consolidated
March 31, 2023 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments | ​ | $ | 30,664 | ​ | $ | 19,433 | ​ | $ | 6,219 | ​ | $ | 56,316
Total current assets | ​ | ​ | 113,711 | ​ | ​ | 110,108 | ​ | ​ | 7,733 | ​ | ​ | 231,552
Fixed assets, net | ​ | ​ | 468,961 | ​ | ​ | 580,633 | ​ | ​ | 6,769 | ​ | ​ | 1,056,363
Goodwill | ​ |  | 4,835 | ​ |  | 35,269 | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | 40,104
Total assets | ​ |  | 658,621 | ​ |  | 959,395 | ​ |  | 81,999 | ​ | ​ | 1,700,015
Total current liabilities | ​ | ​ | 88,967 | ​ | ​ | 96,844 | ​ | ​ | 19,573 | ​ | ​ | 205,384
Total debt | ​ | ​ | 63,235 | ​ | ​ | 327,553 | ​ | ​ | 122,000 | ​ | ​ | 512,788
December 31, 2022 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments | ​ | $ | 25,345 | ​ | $ | 22,679 | ​ | $ | 6,936 | ​ | $ | 54,960
Total current assets | ​ | ​ | 105,324 | ​ | ​ | 116,038 | ​ | ​ | 8,326 | ​ | ​ | 229,688
Fixed assets, net | ​ | ​ | 462,447 | ​ | ​ | 585,969 | ​ | ​ | 7,538 | ​ | ​ | 1,055,954
Goodwill | ​ |  | 4,835 | ​ |  | 35,269 | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | 40,104
Total assets | ​ |  | 643,664 | ​ |  | 980,543 | ​ |  | 83,662 | ​ | ​ | 1,707,869
Total current liabilities | ​ | ​ | 86,738 | ​ | ​ | 119,755 | ​ | ​ | 26,687 | ​ | ​ | 233,180
Total debt | ​ | ​ | 59,659 | ​ | ​ | 308,589 | ​ | ​ | 99,000 | ​ | ​ | 467,248

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Capital Expenditures
​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | International | ​ | ​ | US | ​ | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
Three months ended March 31, | ​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | ​ | Consolidated
2023 | ​ | $ | 21,464 | ​ | $ | 31,261 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 52,725
2022 | ​ | ​ | 15,170 | ​ | ​ | 19,095 | ​ | ​ | 203 | ​ | ​ | 34,468

​

| (1) | Corporate and other items refer to corporate overhead costs and consolidating adjustments

​

14. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Regulatory and Litigation Matters

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to certain regulatory and legal proceedings and other claims arising in the ordinary course of business, some of which involve claims for damages and taxes that are substantial in amount. Historically, the Company’s subsidiary, GTT, has been subject to other long-standing litigation proceedings and disputes in Guyana that have not yet been resolved. The Company believes that, except for the items discussed below, for which the Company is currently unable to predict the final outcome, the disposition of matters currently pending will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

Beginning in 2006, the National Frequency Management Unit (now the Telecommunications Agency , or the “NFMU/TA”) and GTT have been engaged in discussions regarding the amount of and methodology for calculation of spectrum fees payable by GTT in Guyana. Since that time, GTT has made payments of, undisputed spectrum fees as amounts invoiced by the NFMU/TA. There have been limited further discussions on the subject of a revised spectrum fee methodology with the Telecommunications Agency and GTT awaits the determination of such fees.

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On May 8, 2009, a GTT competitor, Digicel, filed a lawsuit in Guyana challenging the legality of GTT’s exclusive license rights under Guyana’s constitution and GTT intervened in the suit in order to oppose Digicel’s claims. The case remains pending. The Company believes that any legal challenge to GTT’s exclusive license rights granted in 1990 is without merit and the Company continues to defend vigorously against such legal challenge.

GTT has filed several lawsuits in the High Court of Guyana asserting that, despite its denials, Digicel is engaged in international bypass in violation of GTT’s exclusive license rights, the interconnection agreement between the parties, and the laws of Guyana. Digicel filed counterclaims alleging that GTT has violated the terms of the interconnection agreement and Guyana laws. These suits, filed in 2010 and 2012, have been consolidated with Digicel’s constitutional challenge described above, however, the Company cannot accurately predict at this time when the consolidated suit will reach a court of final determination.

GTT is also involved in several legal claims regarding its tax filings with the Guyana Revenue Authority (the “GRA”) dating back to 1991 regarding the deductibility of intercompany advisory fees as well as other tax assessments. GTT’s position has been upheld by various High Court rulings made in its favor including most recently in December 2021, when an assessment relating to 2010-2016 was quashed and declared to have no legal effect. GTT has maintained that it has no unpaid corporation tax due to the GRA and that any liability GTT might be found to have with respect to the disputed tax assessments, as alleged by the GRA in the aggregate amount of $32 million net of interest, would be offset in part by the amounts necessary to ensure that GTT’s return on investment was no less than 15% per annum for the relevant periods. Several High Court rulings in the favor of GTT have been appealed by the GRA and the Company believes that some adverse outcome in these or pending unheard matters could occur.

On May 20, 2021, the Company was served with a notice of application for enforcement of a foreign judgment with respect to a matter brought by the Trinidad & Tobago Electric Commission (“TTEC”) in the High Court of Justice in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago in August 2013 against GTT and other defendants, alleging breach of contract due to GTT’s failure to pay TTEC in connection with amounts alleged to be owed as reimbursement for cable repair costs. In December 2022, GTT settled this matter with TTEC.

In February 2020, the Company’s Alaska Communications subsidiary received a draft audit report from USAC in connection with USAC’s inquiry into Alaska Communications’ funding requests under the Rural Health Care Support Program for certain customers for the time period of July 2012 through June 2017. The draft audit report alleges violations of the FCC’s rules for establishing rural rates and urban rates, the provisioning and billing of ineligible services and products, and violations of the FCC’s competitive bidding rules. Alaska Communications has provided USAC with extensive comments in response to its draft audit report seeking correction of numerous factual and legal errors that it believed it had identified. As a result of these conversations and comments being submitted by Alaska Communications, USAC’s auditors may revise their findings, including the amounts they recommend USAC seek to recover. USAC’s auditors are expected to issue a final audit report incorporating Alaska Communications’ responses that will be sent to USAC’s Rural Health Care Division to review and determine if corrective action would be appropriate. In the event that the Company disagrees with USAC’s final audit report, the Company can appeal that decision to USAC’s Rural Health Care Division and/or the FCC. At this time, the Company cannot predict the contents or timing of the final USAC audit report, the outcome of the audit or the impact on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity and may require certain undertakings in addition to any proposed financial settlement.

Alaska Communications also received a Letter of Inquiry on March 18, 2018, and subsequent follow up information requests, from the FCC Enforcement Bureau requesting historical information regarding Alaska Communications’ participation in the FCC’s Rural Health Care Support Program. The Company is engaged in discussions with the FCC’s Enforcement Bureau and will continue to work constructively to provide it the information it is seeking. Any adverse outcome with respect to the FCC Enforcement Bureau’s inquiry may have an adverse impact the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity and may require certain undertakings in addition to any proposed financial settlement.

With respect to all of the foregoing matters, the Company believes that some adverse outcome is probable and has accordingly accrued $15.3 million as of March 31, 2023 for these and other potential liabilities arising in various

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claims, legal actions and regulatory proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company also faces contingencies that are reasonably possible to occur that cannot currently be estimated. It is the Company’s policy to expense costs associated with loss contingencies, including any related legal fees, as they are incurred.

​

15. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Verizon Carrier Managed Services Agreement

On May 10, 2023, Commnet Wireless, LLC (“Commnet”), a subsidiary of ATN International, Inc. (the “Company”) entered into a Carrier Managed Services Master Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Cellco Partnership d/b/a Verizon Wireless (“Verizon”), pursuant to which Commnet will provide a variety of network, infrastructure and technical services that will help deliver next generation wireless services to Verizon’s subscribers in Commnet’s current operating area in the southwestern United States.

Pursuant to the Agreement and subject to certain limitations contained therein, Commnet will upgrade its wireless service in specific areas and provide services to Verizon for an initial seven year term (the “Commitment Period”). The Commitment Period will automatically renew for up to two additional three year periods, unless Verizon provides no less than twelve months’ notice on non-renewal prior to the expiration of the then-current term.

In connection with the Agreement, Commnet has also agreed to provide Verizon with high capacity transport in its coverage area. Verizon will continue to use Commnet’s wireless communications network for roaming services at a fixed rate per site during the build period until such time as upgrades to the network to meet certain performance service level agreements for both RAN operations and transport are met.

Verizon will pay Commnet an aggregate of an estimated approximately $200 million in total amounts for both non-recurring payments for upgrades and construction to its current RAN and transport network and in monthly recurring charges over the initial Commitment Period.

The Agreement may be terminated at any time upon the mutual written consent of Commnet and Verizon. In addition, Verizon may terminate the Agreement upon the occurrence of certain events, including failure to meet certain milestones or completion dates with respect to network coverage, failure to meet certain SLAs with respect to the ongoing services, the declaration of a bankruptcy event by Commnet and breach of any other material terms of the Agreement.

The foregoing summary of the Agreement is not intended to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Agreement. The Company intends to file a redacted copy of the Agreement as an Exhibit to its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ending June 30, 2023.

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview

We provide digital infrastructure and communications services in the United States and internationally, including in the Caribbean region, with a focus on smaller markets, many of which are rural or remote, with a growing demand for infrastructure investments, Through our operating subsidiaries, we primarily provide: (i) carrier and enterprise communications services, such as terrestrial and submarine fiber optic transport, and communications tower facilities; and (ii) fixed and mobile telecommunications connectivity to residential, business and government customers, including a range of high-speed internet and data services, fixed and mobile wireless solutions, and video and voice services.

At the holding company level, we oversee the allocation of capital within and among our subsidiaries, affiliates, new investments, and stockholders. We have developed significant operational expertise and resources that we use to augment the capabilities of our individual operating subsidiaries in our local markets. We have built a platform of resources and expertise to support our operating subsidiaries and to improve their quality of service with greater economies of scale and expertise than would typically be available at the operating subsidiary level. We provide management, technical, financial, regulatory, and marketing services to our operating subsidiaries and typically receive a management fee calculated as a percentage of their revenues, which is eliminated in consolidation. We also actively evaluate potential acquisitions, investment opportunities and other strategic transactions, both domestic and international, and generally look for those that we believe fit our profile of telecommunications businesses and have the potential to complement our “glass and steel” and “first to fiber” approach in markets while generating steady excess cash flows over extended periods of time. We use the cash generated from our operations to re-invest in organic growth in our existing businesses, to make strategic investments in additional businesses, and to return cash to our investors through dividends or stock repurchases.

For further information about our financial segments and geographical information about our operating revenues and assets, see Notes 1 and 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report.

As of March 31, 2023, we offer the following types of services to our customers:

| ● | Mobility Telecommunications Services. We offer mobile communications services over our wireless networks and related equipment (such as handsets) to both our business and consumer customers. |

​

| ● | Fixed Telecommunications Services. We provide fixed data and voice telecommunications services to business and consumer customers. These services include consumer broadband and high-speed data solutions for businesses. For some markets, fixed services also include video services and revenue derived from support under certain government programs. |

​

| ● | Carrier Telecommunication Services. We deliver services to other telecommunications providers such as the leasing of critical network infrastructure, such as tower and transport facilities, wholesale roaming, site maintenance and international long-distance services. |

​

| ● | Managed Services. We provide information technology services such as network, application, infrastructure and hosting services to both our business and consumer customers to complement our fixed services in our existing markets.

​

As was previously disclosed, and effective January 27, 2021, we no longer provide distributed generation solar power to commercial and industrial customers. These operations were the only operations within our Renewable Energy segment. As such, we no longer identify the Renewable Energy segment as an operating segment and now have only two

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operating segments to manage and review our operations and to facilitate investor presentations of our results. These two operating segments are as follows:

​

| ● | International Telecom. In our international markets, we offer fixed services, mobility services, carrier services and managed services to customers in Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Guyana and the US Virgin Islands.

​

| ● | US Telecom. In the United States, we offer fixed services, carrier services, and managed services to business and consumer customers in Alaska and the western United States. |

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Segment |  | Services |  | Markets |  | Tradenames
International Telecom |  | Mobility Services |  | Bermuda, Guyana, US Virgin Islands |  | One, GTT, Viya
​ | ​ | Fixed Services |  | Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Guyana, US Virgin Islands |  | One, Logic, GTT, Viya
​ | ​ | Carrier Services | ​ | Bermuda, Guyana, US Virgin Islands | ​ | One, GTT, Viya
​ | ​ | Managed Services | ​ | Bermuda, Cayman Islands, US Virgin Islands, Guyana | ​ | Fireminds, One, Logic, GTT, Viya
US Telecom |  | Mobility Services |  | United States (rural markets) |  | Choice, Choice NTUA Wireless
​ | ​ | Fixed Services | ​ | United States |  | Alaska Communications, Commnet, Choice, Choice NTUA Wireless, Sacred Wind Communications, Ethos
​ | ​ | Carrier Services | ​ | United States | ​ | Alaska Communications, Commnet, Essextel, Sacred Wind Communications
​ |  | Managed Services |  | United States |  | Alaska Communications, Choice

​

​

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The following chart summarizes the operating activities of our principal subsidiaries, the segments in which we report our revenue and the markets we served as of March 31, 2023:

​

Acquisition of Sacred Wind Enterprises

On November 7, 2022, we, via our newly formed wholly owned subsidiary Alloy, Inc. (“Alloy”), acquired all of the issued and outstanding stock of Sacred Wind Enterprises, Inc. (“Sacred Wind”), a rural telecommunications provider in New Mexico (the “Sacred Wind Transaction”) for $44.6 million of consideration. The purchase price allocation was finalized during the three months ended March 31, 2023. As part of the Sacred Wind Transaction, we transferred consideration of $18.0 million of cash, net of $9.4 million of cash acquired, $14.8 million of redeemable noncontrolling interests, and $3.7 million of contingent consideration, less $1.3 million of receivables related to working capital adjustments. Upon completion of the Sacred Wind Transaction, the former Sacred Wind shareholders own 6% of the Alloy equity. This equity is classified as redeemable noncontrolling interests in our financial statements because the holders have an option, beginning in 2026, to put the equity interest to a subsidiary of the Company at the then fair market value. The redeemable noncontrolling interests do not have preference relative to other equity units and participate in gains and losses in Alloy. The contingent consideration is earned based on certain operating metrics of Sacred Wind beginning in 2025 through 2027. The fair value of the contingent consideration was calculated using discounted cash flow analysis based on a range of probability weighted outcomes. We funded the acquisition with borrowing under our CoBank Credit Facility and assumed $31.6 million of Sacred Wind debt, to the United States of America administered through the Rural Utilities Service.

We believe that the acquisition of Sacred Wind will expand our infrastructure reach and broadband services in the rural Southwest and increase our wholesale carrier, residential and business broadband services.

FirstNet Agreement

In July 2019, we entered into a Network Build and Maintenance Agreement with AT&T Mobility, LLC (“AT&T”) that we amended in August 2020, May 2021 and August 2022 (the “FirstNet Agreement”). In connection with the FirstNet Agreement, we are building a portion of AT&T’s network for the First Responder Network Authority (“FirstNet”) in or near our current operating areas in the Western United States. Pursuant to the FirstNet Agreement and subject to certain limitations contained therein, all cell sites must be completed and accepted within a specified period of time. We expect that total construction revenue related to FirstNet will approximate $80 million to $85 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded $0.6 million and $2.0 million in construction revenue, respectively. Revenues from construction are expected to have minimal impact on operating income. As of March 31, 2023, approximately 75% of the cell sites related to the FirstNet Agreement were completed and we expect to substantially complete the build by the end of 2023 with the remainder to be completed in early 2024.

Following acceptance of a cell site, AT&T will own the cell site and we will assign to AT&T any third-party tower lease applicable to such cell site. If the cell site is located on a communications tower we own, AT&T will pay us pursuant to a separate lease agreement for an initial term of eight years. In addition to building the network, we will provide ongoing equipment and site maintenance and high-capacity transport to and from these cell sites for an initial term ending in 2029.

AT&T will continue to use our wholesale domestic mobility network for roaming services at a fixed rate per site during the construction period until such time as the cell site is transferred to AT&T. Thereafter, revenue from the maintenance, leasing and transport services provided to AT&T is expected to generally offset revenue from wholesale mobility roaming services. We are currently receiving revenue from the FirstNet Transaction and expect overall operating income contributions from the FirstNet Transaction to have a relatively steady impact going forward.

Universal Service Fund and Connect America Fund Phase II Programs

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We recognize revenue from several government funded programs including the USF, a subsidy program managed by the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”), the Alaska Universal Service Fund (“AUSF”), a similar program managed by the Regulatory Commission of Alaska (the “RCA”), and the Emergency Connectivity Fund (“ECF”), a program to help schools and libraries support remote learning in underserved communities. USF funds are disbursed to telecommunication providers through four programs: the High Cost Program; the Low Income Program (“Lifeline Program”); the Schools and Libraries Program (“E-Rate Program”); and the Rural Health Care Support Program.

We also recognize revenue from the Connect America Fund Phase II program (“CAF II”) which offers subsidies to carriers to expand broadband coverage in designated areas. Under CAF II, our US Telecom segment will receive an aggregate of $27.7 million annually through December 2025 and an aggregate of $8.0 million annually from January 2026 through July 2028.

All of the programs are subject to certain operational and reporting compliance requirements. We believe we are in compliance with these requirements as of March 31, 2023.

In 2018, the FCC initiated a proceeding to replace the High Cost Program support received by Viya in the US Virgin Islands with a new Connect USVI Fund. On November 16, 2020, the FCC announced that Viya was not the recipient of the Connect USVI Fund award and authorized funding to be issued to the new awardee in June 2021. Pursuant to the terms of the program and effective in July 2021, Viya’s annual USF support was reduced from $16.4 million to $10.9 million. In July 2022, this support was reduced again to $5.5 million for the annual period through June 2023. In April of 2023, the FCC issued an order extending the high cost support in the US Virgin Islands at the current $5.5 million per year received from July 2023 through December 31, 2025. In connection with this order, the FCC requires that we maintain our current footprint for voice and broadband services in the US Virgin Islands.

RDOF (“Rural Digital Opportunities Fund”)

We expect to receive approximately $22.7 million over 10 years to provide broadband and voice coverage to over 10,000 households in the United States (not including Alaska) under the 2020 Rural Digital Opportunity Fund Phase I Auction (“RDOF”). We recorded $0.6 million of revenue from the RDOF program during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Construction Grants

We have also been awarded construction grants to build network connectivity for eligible communities. The funding of these grants, used to reimburse us for our construction costs, is generally distributed upon completion of a project. Completion deadlines begin in June 2023 and once these projects are constructed, we are obligated to provide service to the participants. We expect to meet all requirements associated with these grants. A roll forward of our grant awards is below (in thousands).

​ | ​ | ​
​ | Amount
Grants awarded, December 31, 2022 | $ | 80,197
New grants | ​ | 4,364
Grants awarded, March 31, 2023 | $ | 84,561

In addition, we partner with tribal governments to obtain grants under the Tribal Broadband Connectivity Program ("TBCP"). The TBCP is a program administered by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration to deploy broadband connectivity on tribal lands. We were identified as a sub recipient of TBCP grants totaling $145.5 million as of March 31, 2023.

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Replace and Remove Program

On July 15, 2022, we were notified that we were an approved participant in the Federal Communication Commission’s Secure and Trusted Communications Networks Reimbursement Program (the “Replace and Remove Program”), designed to reimburse providers of communications services for reasonable costs incurred in the required removal, replacement, and disposal of covered communications equipment or services, that have been deemed to pose a national security risk, from their networks. Pursuant to the Replace and Remove Program, we were allocated up to approximately $207 million in reimbursement amounts to cover documented and approved costs to remove and securely destroy all prohibited communications equipment and services in our U.S. networks and replace such equipment. The Replace and Remove Program requires that we complete our first request for reimbursement for services performed under the program no later than July 14, 2023 and that we complete the project no later than one year from submitting our initial reimbursement request. We anticipate that we will be able to meet the deadlines and requirements of the program. At March 31, 2023, we established a receivable for $6.7 million of costs for which we expect to be reimbursed under the program.

​

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​

Selected Segment Financial Information

​

The following represents selected segment information for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | International | ​ | US | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | Consolidated
Revenue | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Communication Services | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Mobility - Business | ​ | $ | 3,575 | ​ | $ | 172 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 3,747
Mobility - Consumer | ​ | ​ | 22,532 | ​ | ​ | 987 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 23,519
Total Mobility | ​ | ​ | 26,107 | ​ | ​ | 1,159 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 27,266
Fixed - Business | ​ | ​ | 17,113 | ​ | ​ | 36,320 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 53,433
Fixed - Consumer | ​ | ​ | 41,778 | ​ | ​ | 22,582 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 64,360
Total Fixed | ​ |  | 58,891 | ​ |  | 58,902 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 117,793
Carrier Services | ​ | ​ | 3,690 | ​ | ​ | 32,084 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 35,774
Other | ​ |  | 400 | ​ |  | 75 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 475
Total Communication Services Revenue | ​ | ​ | 89,088 | ​ | ​ | 92,220 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 181,308
Construction | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 590 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 590
Other | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Managed Services | ​ | ​ | 1,320 | ​ | ​ | 2,556 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,876
Total Other Revenue | ​ | ​ | 1,320 | ​ | ​ | 2,556 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,876
Total Revenue | ​ | ​ | 90,408 | ​ | ​ | 95,367 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 185,774
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating income (loss) | ​ |  | 13,825 | ​ |  | (4,342) | ​ |  | (8,847) | ​ |  | 636

​

​

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​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | International | ​ | US | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | Consolidated
Revenue | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Communication Services | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Mobility - Business | ​ | $ | 3,616 | ​ | $ | 374 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 3,990
Mobility - Consumer | ​ | ​ | 19,970 | ​ | ​ | 1,456 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 21,426
Total Mobility | ​ | ​ | 23,586 | ​ | ​ | 1,830 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 25,416
Fixed - Business | ​ | ​ | 17,254 | ​ | ​ | 27,145 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 44,399
Fixed - Consumer | ​ | ​ | 41,093 | ​ | ​ | 18,968 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 60,061
Total Fixed | ​ |  | 58,347 | ​ |  | 46,113 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 104,460
Carrier Services | ​ | ​ | 3,402 | ​ | ​ | 32,989 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 36,391
Other | ​ |  | 276 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 276
Total Communication Services Revenue | ​ | ​ | 85,611 | ​ | ​ | 80,932 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 166,543
Construction | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,987 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,987
Other | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Managed Services | ​ | ​ | 1,176 | ​ | ​ | 2,313 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,489
Total Other Revenue | ​ | ​ | 1,176 | ​ | ​ | 2,313 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,489
Total Revenue | ​ | ​ | 86,787 | ​ | ​ | 85,232 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 172,019
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating income (loss) | ​ |  | 11,802 | ​ |  | (4,635) | ​ |  | (7,059) | ​ |  | 108

(1) Reconciling items refer to corporate overhead costs and consolidating adjustments.

A comparison of our segment results for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022 is as follows:

International Telecom. Revenues within our International Telecom segment increased $3.6 million, or 4.1%, to $90.4 million from $86.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as a result of improved retail and marketing strategies which drove an increase in subscribers and equipment sales within all of our international markets. In addition, our US Virgin Islands and Bermuda markets recognized growth in Carrier Services revenue as a result of increased roaming revenues due to an increase in tourism in those markets. These increases, however, were partially offset by the scheduled $1.4 million reduction in federal high cost support revenues in the US Virgin Islands.

Operating expenses within our International Telecom segment increased by $1.6 million, or 2.1%, to $76.6 million from $75.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase was primarily the result of an increase in equipment expenses and retail and marketing costs.

As a result, our International Telecom segment’s operating income increased $2.0 million, or 16.9%, to $13.8 million from $11.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

US Telecom. Revenue within our US Telecom segment increased by $10.2 million, or 12.0%, to $95.4 million from $85.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Increases in our Alaska subsidiary and the revenue impact of the Sacred Wind Transaction were partially offset by a reduction in construction revenue related to the FirstNet Transaction, reduction in roaming revenue due to the restructuring of certain carrier contracts in our western United States operations, and a reduction in our international long-distance service revenues.

Operating expenses within our US Telecom segment increased $9.9 million, or 11.0%, to $99.7 million from $89.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as a result of increases in expenses

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being incurred to support the increased revenues within our Alaska operations and the impact of the Sacred Wind Transaction partially offset by the decrease in FirstNet construction costs as fewer sites were completed in 2023 as compared to 2022 and a reduction in costs related to our wholesale long-distance business as a result of its decrease in revenues.

As a result of the above, our US Telecom segment’s operating loss decreased by $0.3 million, or 6.5%, to a loss of $4.3 million from a loss of $4.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The following represents a year over year discussion and analysis of our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Amount of | ​ | Percent |
​ | ​ | March 31, | ​ | Increase | ​ | Increase |
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​ | (Decrease) | ​ | (Decrease) |
REVENUE: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​
Communication services | ​ | $ | 181,308 | ​ | $ | 166,543 | ​ | $ | 14,765 |  | 8.9 | %
Construction | ​ | ​ | 590 | ​ | ​ | 1,987 | ​ | ​ | (1,397) |  | (70.3) | ​
Other | ​ |  | 3,876 | ​ |  | 3,489 | ​ |  | 387 |  | 11.1 | ​
Total revenue | ​ |  | 185,774 | ​ |  | 172,019 | ​ |  | 13,755 |  | 8.0 | ​
OPERATING EXPENSES (excluding depreciation and amortization unless otherwise indicated): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cost of communications services and other | ​ |  | 79,040 | ​ |  | 73,011 | ​ |  | 6,029 |  | 8.3 | ​
Cost of construction revenue | ​ | ​ | 588 | ​ | ​ | 2,033 | ​ | ​ | (1,445) |  | (71.1) | ​
Selling, general and administrative | ​ |  | 61,348 | ​ |  | 54,882 | ​ |  | 6,466 |  | 11.8 | ​
Stock-based compensation | ​ | ​ | 1,778 | ​ | ​ | 1,461 | ​ | ​ | 317 | ​ | 21.7 | ​
Transaction-related charges | ​ | ​ | 13 | ​ |  | 554 | ​ |  | (541) |  | (97.7) | ​
Restructuring charges | ​ |  | 2,887 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 2,887 |  | 100.0 | ​
Depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | 36,404 | ​ |  | 33,292 | ​ |  | 3,112 |  | 9.3 | ​
Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions | ​ | ​ | 3,247 | ​ | ​ | 3,258 | ​ | ​ | (11) |  | (0.3) | ​
(Gain) Loss on disposition of long-lived assets | ​ | ​ | (167) | ​ | ​ | 3,420 | ​ | ​ | (3,587) |  | (104.9) | ​
Total operating expenses | ​ |  | 185,138 | ​ |  | 171,911 | ​ |  | 13,227 |  | 7.7 | ​
Income from operations | ​ |  | 636 | ​ |  | 108 | ​ |  | 528 |  | 488.9 | ​
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest income | ​ |  | 182 | ​ |  | 51 | ​ |  | 131 |  | 256.9 | ​
Interest expense | ​ | ​ | (8,807) | ​ | ​ | (3,363) | ​ | ​ | (5,444) |  | 161.9 | ​
Other income | ​ |  | 194 | ​ |  | 4,199 | ​ |  | (4,005) |  | (95.4) | ​
Other income (expense), net | ​ |  | (8,431) | ​ |  | 887 | ​ |  | (9,318) |  | (1,050.5) | ​
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES | ​ |  | (7,795) | ​ |  | 995 | ​ |  | (8,790) |  | (883.4) | ​
Income tax expense (benefit) | ​ |  | (740) | ​ |  | 2,952 | ​ |  | (3,692) |  | (125.1) | ​
NET LOSS | ​ |  | (7,055) | ​ |  | (1,957) | ​ |  | (5,098) |  | 260.5 | ​
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax: | ​ |  | 1,170 | ​ |  | 1,009 | ​ |  | 161 |  | 16.0 | ​
NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. STOCKHOLDERS | ​ | $ | (5,885) | ​ | $ | (948) | ​ | $ | (4,937) |  | 520.8 | %

​

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Communications Services Revenue

Mobility Revenue. Our Mobility revenue consists of retail revenue generated within both our International Telecom and US Telecom segments by providing retail mobile voice and data services over our wireless networks as well as through the sale and repair services of related equipment, such as handsets and other accessories, to our retail subscribers.

Mobility revenue increased by $1.9 million, or 7.5%, to $27.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from $25.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Of this increase, Mobility revenue from consumer customers increased by $2.1 million, partially offset by a reduction in Mobility revenue from business customers of $0.2 million.

The increase in Mobility revenue, within our segments, consisted of the following:

| ● | International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, Mobility revenue increased by $2.5 million, or 10.6%, to $26.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from $23.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase in Mobility revenue within this segment was recognized in all of our international markets and was attributable to an increase in revenue from consumers as a result of improved retail and marketing strategies which led to an increase in subscribers and in equipment sales.

​

| ● | US Telecom. Mobility revenue within our US Telecom segment decreased by $0.6 million, or 33.3%, to $1.2 million from $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Substantially all of the decrease related to a decrease in revenue from consumers within our retail operations due to a decrease in subscribers.

We expect that Mobility revenue within our International Telecom segment may increase as a result of our marketing efforts to increase the number of our subscribers. However, such growth may be partially offset due to increased competition in that segment. We expect that Mobility revenue within our US Telecom segment will decrease over time as we put more emphasis on other revenue sources within that segment.

Fixed Revenue. Fixed revenue is primarily generated by broadband, voice, and video service revenues provided to retail and business customers over our wireline networks. Fixed revenue within our US Telecom segment also includes awards from the Connect America Fund Phase II program in the western United States and Alaska, as well as revenue from the Alaska Universal Service Fund. Within our International Telecom segment, Fixed revenue also includes funding under the FCC’s High Cost Program in the US Virgin Islands.

Fixed revenue increased by $13.3 million, or 12.7%, to $117.8 million from $104.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Of this increase, $9.0 million and $4.3 million relate to increases in revenue from business and consumer customers, respectively. The increase in Fixed revenue, within our segments, consisted of the following:

| ● | International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, Fixed revenue increased by $0.6 million, or 1.0%, to $58.9 million from $58.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as increases in fixed broadband subscribers in all of our international markets were partially offset by the previously disclosed and scheduled $1.4 million reduction in revenue from the FCC’s High Cost Program in the US Virgin Islands.

​

| ● | US Telecom. Fixed revenue within our US Telecom segment increased by $12.8 million, or 27.8%, to $58.9 million from $46.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This increase was primarily related to an increase in revenue in Alaska and the revenue impact of the Sacred Wind Transaction.

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Fixed revenue within our International Telecom segment may further decrease as a result of a decrease in demand for our video services due to subscribers using alternative methods to receive video content. Such decreases, however, may be offset as a result of an increase in demand for broadband and other data services from consumers, businesses and government, driven by such trends as the popularity of video and audio streaming, demand for cloud services and smart home, business and city solutions as well as macro-economic and population growth in places like the Cayman Islands and Guyana.

Within our US Telecom segment, Fixed revenue is expected to increase as both our Alaska operations and our western United States operations, including the impact of the Sacred Wind Transaction, further deploy broadband access to both consumers and businesses.

Carrier Services Revenue. Carrier Services revenue is generated by both our International Telecom and US Telecom segments. Within our International Telecom segment, Carrier Services revenue includes international long-distance services, roaming revenues generated by other carriers’ customers roaming into our retail markets, transport services and access services provided to other telecommunications carriers. Within our US Telecom segment, Carrier Services revenue includes services provided under the FirstNet Transaction, wholesale roaming revenues, the provision of network switching services, tower lease revenue and other services provided to other carriers.

Carrier Services revenue decreased by $0.6 million, or 1.6%, to $35.8 million from $36.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase, within our segments, consisted of the following:

| ● | International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, Carrier Services revenue increased by $0.3 million, or 8.8%, to $3.7 million, from $3.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as a result of an increase in tourism, primarily within the US Virgin Islands and Bermuda, that resulted in an increase in roaming revenues.

​

| ● | US Telecom. Carrier Services revenue within our US Telecom segment decreased by $0.9 million, or 2.7%, to $32.1 million from $33.0 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This decrease was the result of a decrease in our western United States operations, primarily as a result of the restructure of certain carrier contracts, and in our wholesale long-distance voice services business. Such decreases were partially offset by the impact of the Sacred Wind Transaction.

Within our International Telecom segment, Carrier Services revenue may continue to increase if tourism continues to move toward a return to pre-pandemic levels. However, within our International Telecom segment, we expect that Carrier Services revenue from our international long distance business in Guyana may decrease as consumers seek to use alternative technology services to place long-distance calls. Further, such revenue may decline as the result of the implementation, by the Government of Guyana, of passed legislation which terminates our right to be the exclusive provider of domestic Fixed and international long-distance service in Guyana. While the loss of our exclusive rights in Guyana may cause an immediate reduction in our Carrier Services revenue, the complete impact of the new legislation to our operations will not be fully known until the Government of Guyana makes the terms and conditions of licenses issued to two of our competitors available to us. Over the longer term, such declines in Carrier Services revenue may be offset by increased Fixed revenue from broadband services to consumers and enterprises in Guyana, increased Mobility revenue from an increase in regulated local calling rates in Guyana or possible economic growth within that country.

Within our US Telecom segment, Carrier Services revenue may decrease as a result of the impact of continued reduced contractual wholesale roaming rates and imposed revenue caps with our Carrier customers.

Other Communications Services Revenue. Other Communications Services revenue includes miscellaneous services that the operations within our International Telecom segment provide to retail subscribers. Other Communications Services revenue increased to $0.5 million from $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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Construction Revenue

Construction revenue represents revenue generated within our US Telecom segment for the construction of network cell sites related to the FirstNet Agreement. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, Construction revenue decreased to $0.6 million from $2.0 million, respectively, as a result of a decrease in the number of sites completed during 2023 as compared to 2022. As of March 31, 2023, approximately 75% of the cell sites related to the FirstNet Agreement were completed and we expect to substantially complete the build by the end of 2023 with the remainder to be completed in early 2024.

Other Revenue

Managed Services Revenue. Managed Services revenue is generated within both our International and US Telecom segments and includes network, application, infrastructure, and hosting services. Managed Services revenue increased by $0.4 million, or 11.4%, to $3.9 million from $3.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

International Telecom. Managed Services revenue in our International Telecom segment increased $0.1 million to $1.3 million, or 8.3%, from $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

US Telecom. Within our US Telecom segment, Managed Services revenue increased $0.3 million, or 13.0%, to $2.6 million from $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

We expect that Managed Services revenue may increase in both our US and International Telecom segments as a result of our continued effort to sell certain Managed Services solutions to both our consumer and business customers in all of our markets.

Operating Expenses

Cost of communication services and other. Cost of communication services and other are charges that we incur for voice and data transport circuits (in particular, the circuits between our Mobility sites and our switches), internet capacity, video programming costs, access fees we pay to terminate our calls, telecommunication spectrum fees and direct costs associated within our managed services businesses. These costs also include expenses associated with developing, operating, upgrading and supporting our telecommunications networks, including the salaries and benefits paid to employees directly involved in the development and operation of those businesses, as well as credit loss allowances and the cost of handsets and customer resale equipment incurred by our retail businesses.

Cost of communication services and other increased by $6.0 million, or 8.2%, to $79.0 million from $73.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The net increase in cost of communication services and other, within our segments, consisted of the following:

| ● | International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, cost of communication services and other increased by $0.1 million, or 0.3%, to $34.2 million from $34.1 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This increase was the result of an increase in equipment expenses, primarily the cost of handsets, as a result of improved retail and marketing strategies which led to an increase in subscribers and handset sales.

​

| ● | US Telecom. Cost of communication services and other within our US Telecom segment increased by $5.7 million, or 14.5%, to $45.1 million from $39.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Such increase was primarily related to an increase in direct costs in Alaska to support revenue growth and the impact of the Sacred Wind Transaction.

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We expect that cost of communication services and other may increase within our International Telecom segment due to an expected increase in roaming costs if tourism continues to return to pre-pandemic levels. Within the US Telecom segment, these expenses are expected to increase in connection with our expected increase in fixed revenue, and anticipated expenses in connection with our performance related to the construction phase of our FirstNet Transaction which is expected to be substantially completed in 2023. In addition, we expect cost of services may increase as a result of continued inflationary pressure, issues facing the global supply chain and geopolitical uncertainty.

Cost of construction revenue. Cost of construction revenue includes the expenses incurred in connection with the construction of and the delivery to AT&T of cell sites in accordance with our FirstNet Agreement. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, cost of construction revenue decreased to $0.6 million from $2.0 million as a result of a decrease in the number of sites completed during 2023 as compared to 2022. As of March 31, 2023, 75% of the cell sites related to the FirstNet Agreement and we expect to substantially complete the build by the end of 2023 with the remainder to be completed in early 2024.

Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses include salaries and benefits we pay to sales personnel, customer service expenses and the costs associated with the development and implementation of our promotional and marketing campaigns. Selling, general and administrative expenses also include salaries, benefits and related costs for general corporate functions including executive management, finance and administration, legal and regulatory, facilities, information technology and human resources as well as internal costs associated with our performance of due-diligence and integration related costs associated with acquisition activities.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $6.4 million, or 11.7%, to $61.3 million from $54.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The net increase in selling, general and administrative expenses, within our segments, consisted of the following:

| ● | International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, our selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $2.2 million, or 8.6%, to $27.7 million from $25.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This increase was incurred within all of our international markets primarily as a result of an increase in our sales and marketing capabilities to support the expansion of our subscriber base. ​

| ● | US Telecom. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased within our US Telecom segment by $2.8 million, or 11.6%, to $26.9 million from $24.1 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This increase was primarily related to expenses to support the operations from the Sacred Wind Transaction. ​

| ● | Corporate Overhead. Selling, general and administrative expenses within our corporate overhead increased by $1.4 million, or 26.4%, to $6.7 million from $5.3 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily related to the support needed for our recent acquisitions and expanded operations.

We expect that selling, general and administrative expenses may increase in our international telecom segment to support our expanded operations. Within the US Telecom segment, we expect an increase in these costs as a result of expected costs associated with the impact of the construction phase of the FirstNet Transaction, the Sacred Wind Transaction, our commitments under the Cares Act funding and other network expansions in Alaska and the southwest US. Our Corporate Overhead segment may also experience an increase in these expenses to support our recent acquisitions and expanding operations. In addition, we expect our selling, general, and administrative expenses may increase as a result of continued inflationary pressure, issues facing the global supply chain and geopolitical uncertainty.

Stock-based compensation. Stock-based compensation represents a non-cash expense related to the amortization of the grants of equity awards to employees and directors.

Stock-based compensation for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $1.8 million and $1.5 million, respectively.

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Transaction-related charges. Transaction-related charges include the external costs, such as legal, tax, accounting and consulting fees directly associated with acquisition and disposition-related activities, which are expensed as incurred. Transaction-related charges also include certain internal personnel costs incurred as a result of the completion of an acquisition or disposition. Transaction-related charges do not include employee salary and travel-related expenses, incurred in connection with acquisitions or dispositions or any integration-related costs.

We incurred a nominal amount of transaction-related charges during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and $0.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Restructuring expenses. In connection with our repositioning of our legacy wholesale roaming operations in our US Telecom segment, we recorded a $2.9 million restructuring charge during the three months ended March 31, 2023 related to the decommissioning of certain cell sites.

Depreciation and amortization expenses. Depreciation and amortization expenses represent the depreciation and amortization charges we record on our property and equipment.

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased by $3.1 million, or 9.3%, to $36.4 million from $33.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The net increase in depreciation and amortization expenses, within our segments, consisted primarily of the following:

| ● | International Telecom. Depreciation and amortization expenses increased within our International Telecom segment by $0.3 million, or 2.2%, to $14.2 million from $13.9 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as a result of recent capital expenditures used to expand and upgrade our network operations.

​

| ● | US Telecom. Depreciation and amortization expenses increased within our US Telecom segment by $3.1 million, or 16.8%, to $21.5 million from $18.4 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily as a result of the impact of the Sacred Wind Transaction, which was completed in November 2022, and the depreciation expense recorded on recent capital expenditures.

​

| ● | Corporate Overhead. Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased within our corporate overhead by $0.2 million, or 22.2%, to $0.7 million from $0.9 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily as a result of certain assets becoming fully depreciated in recent periods.

We expect depreciation and amortization expense to increase within our International Telecom and US Telecom segments as we acquire tangible assets to expand or upgrade our telecommunications networks.

Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions. Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions include the amortization of customer relationships and trade names related to our completed acquisitions.

Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions decreased by $0.1 million to $3.2 million from $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

We expect that amortization of intangibles from acquisitions will decrease as such costs continue to amortize.

Loss on disposition of long-lived assets. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recorded a gain on the disposition of long-lived assets of $0.2 million within our US Telecom segment.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we recorded a loss on the disposition of long-lived assets of $3.4 million. Of this amount, $2.4 million was incurred in our US Telecom segment relating to the disposal of certain assets while $1.0 million was incurred in our International Telecom segment as a result of the modification of agreements for the use of other certain assets.

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Interest income. Interest income represents interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investment balances. Interest income was a nominal amount for both the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Interest expense. We incur interest expense on the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility, the Alaska Credit and Term Facilities, the Viya Debt, the One Communications Debt and the Receivables Credit Facility. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2022 and the first quarter of 2023, interest expense also includes interest expense on the Sacred Wind Term Debt and the GTT Credit Facilities (each as defined below). Previously, we also incurred interest expense on the One Communications Debt, which matured on December 22, 2022. In addition, interest expense also includes commitment fees, letter of credit fees and the amortization of debt issuance costs.

Interest expense increased to $8.8 million from $3.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as additional interest expense was incurred as a result an increase in borrowings under our credit facilities, the inclusion of Sacred Wind Term Debt and the GTT Credit Facilities, as well as an increase in interest rates on all floating-rate borrowings.

We expect that interest expense may increase in future periods as a result of increased interest rates and borrowings.

Other income (expenses). For the three months ended March 31, 2023, other income (expenses) was $0.2 million of income primarily related to gains from our noncontrolling investments.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, other income (expenses) was $4.8 million of income primarily related to gains from our non-controlling investments.

Income taxes. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was 9.5% and 296.7%, respectively.

We recorded an income tax benefit of $0.7 million in relation to a pretax loss of $7.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily impacted by the following items (i) the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which we operate, (ii) a net increase related to valuation allowances placed on certain deferred tax assets and (iii) discrete items including $0.6 million of expense for interest on unrecognized tax positions.

We recorded an income tax provision of $3.0 million in relation to income before taxes of $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was primarily impacted by the following items: (i) a $0.5 million net increase of unrecognized tax positions recognized discretely, (ii) a $2.1 million net expense recognized discretely to record a valuation allowance on certain deferred tax assets that are not expected to be realizable based on the weight of positive and negative evidence, and (iii) the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which we operate.

Our effective tax rate is based upon estimated income before provision for income taxes for the year, composition of the income in different countries, and adjustments, if any, in the applicable quarterly periods for potential tax consequences, benefits and/or resolutions of tax contingencies. Our consolidated tax rate will continue to be impacted by any transactional or one-time items in the future and the mix of income in any given year generated among the jurisdictions in which we operate. While we believe we have adequately provided for all tax positions, amounts asserted by taxing authorities could materially differ from our accrued positions as a result of uncertain and complex applications of tax law and regulations. Additionally, the recognition and measurement of certain tax benefits include estimates and judgments by management. Accordingly, we could record additional provisions or benefits for US federal, state, and foreign tax matters in future periods as new information becomes available.

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Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax reflected an allocation of losses of $1.2 million and $1.0 million generated by our less than wholly owned subsidiaries for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Changes in net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax, within our segments, consisted of the following:

​

| ● | International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax increased by $0.3 million, or 20.0%, to an allocation of $1.8 million of income from an allocation of $1.5 million of income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily as a result of increased profitability at certain less than wholly owned subsidiaries within this segment.

​

| ● | US Telecom. Within our US Telecom segment, net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax decreased by $0.5 million, or 20.0%, to an allocation of losses of $3.0 million from an allocation of losses of $2.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as a result of the increased losses at our less than wholly owned subsidiaries within this segment.

Net loss attributable to ATN International, Inc. stockholders. Net loss attributable to ATN International, Inc. stockholders was a loss of $5.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to a loss of $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

On a per diluted share basis, net loss was a loss of $0.44 per diluted share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to a loss of $0.13 per diluted share for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Such per share amounts were negatively impacted by accrued preferred dividends of $1.0 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Regulatory and Tax Issues

We are involved in several regulatory and tax proceedings. A material and adverse outcome in one or more of these proceedings could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and future operations. For a discussion of ongoing proceedings, see Note 14 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Report.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Historically, we have met our operational liquidity needs and have funded our capital expenditures and acquisitions through a combination of cash-on-hand, internally generated funds, proceeds from dispositions, borrowings under our credit facilities and seller financings. We believe our current cash, cash equivalents, short term investments and availability under our current credit facilities will be sufficient to meet our cash needs for at least the next twelve months for working capital needs and capital expenditures.

Total liquidity. As of March 31, 2023, we had approximately $61.0 million in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash. Of this amount, $25.7 million was held by our foreign subsidiaries and is indefinitely invested outside the United States. In addition, we had approximately $464.7 million of debt, net of unamortized deferred financing costs, as of March 31, 2023. How and when we deploy our balance sheet capacity will figure prominently in our longer-term growth prospects and stockholder returns.

Uses of Cash

Acquisitions and investments. We have historically funded our acquisitions with a combination of cash-on-hand, borrowings under our credit facilities as well as equity investor and seller financings.

Sacred Wind Transaction. On November 7, 2022, we assumed $31.6 million of debt in connection with the Sacred Wind Transaction. See Acquisition of Sacred Wind Enterprises.

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We continue to explore opportunities to expand our telecommunications business or acquire new businesses in the United States, the Caribbean and elsewhere. Such acquisitions may require external financing. While there can be no assurance as to whether, when or on what terms we will be able to acquire any such businesses or make such investments, such acquisitions may be completed through the issuance of shares of our capital stock, payment of cash or incurrence of additional debt. From time to time, we may raise capital ahead of any definitive use of proceeds to allow us to move more quickly and opportunistically if an attractive investment materializes.

Cash used in investing activities. Cash used in investing activities was $52.8 million and $34.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The net increase in cash used for investing activities of $18.3 million was the result of an increase in capital expenditures of $18.3 million, which includes an increase in reimbursable capital expenditures under certain government programs of $1.9 million.

Cash provided by financing activities. Cash provided by financing activities increased by $18.8 million to $38.0 million from $19.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This increase was primarily related to an increase in borrowings, net of repayments, under our credit facilities of $22.4 million and a $1.9 million reduction in cash used to repurchase non-controlling interests in certain less than wholly-owned subsidiaries. These increases in cash provided by financing activities were partially offset by a reduction in borrowings, due to repayments under our customer receivable credit facility of $4.3 million and a $0.6 million increase in dividends paid on our common stock.

Working Capital. Historically, we have internally funded our working capital needs. Pursuant to the FirstNet Agreement, AT&T has the option to repay construction costs, with interest, over an eight-year period. To fund the working capital needs created by AT&T’s option to extend its payment terms, we completed the Receivables Credit Facility, as discussed below, on March 26, 2020.

Capital expenditures. Historically, a significant use of our cash has been for capital expenditures to expand and upgrade our telecommunications networks and business support systems.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we spent approximately $52.7 million and $34.5 million, respectively, on capital expenditures relating to our telecommunications networks and business support systems of which $2.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, are reimbursable under various government programs. The following notes our capital expenditures, by operating segment, for these periods (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Capital Expenditures
​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | International | ​ | ​ | US | ​ | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
Three months ended March 31, | ​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | ​ | Consolidated
2023 | ​ | $ | 21,464 | ​ | $ | 31,261 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 52,725
2022 | ​ | ​ | 15,170 | ​ | ​ | 19,095 | ​ | ​ | 203 | ​ | ​ | 34,468

| (1) | Corporate and other items refer to corporate overhead costs and consolidating adjustments.

We are continuing to invest in our telecommunication networks along with our operating and business support systems in many of our markets. For the year ended December 31, 2023, such investments are expected to total approximately $160 million to $170 million, net of reimbursable amounts, and will primarily relate to network expansion and upgrades which are expected to further drive subscriber and revenue growth in future periods.

Income taxes. We have historically used cash-on-hand to make payments for income taxes. Our policy is to allocate capital where we believe we will get the best returns and to date has been to indefinitely reinvest the undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries. As we continue to reinvest our remaining foreign earnings, no additional provision for income taxes has been made on accumulated earnings of foreign subsidiaries.

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Dividends. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, our Board of Directors declared $3.3 million of dividends to our stockholders which includes a $0.21 per share dividend declared on March 14, 2023 and paid on April 7, 2023. We have declared quarterly dividends since the fourth quarter of 1998.

Stock Repurchase Plan. On September 19, 2016, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $50.0 million of our common stock from time to time on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions (the “2016 Repurchase Plan”). We repurchased $1.4 million and $0.9 million of our common stock under the 2016 Repurchase Plan during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, we had $18.0 million authorized and available for share repurchases under the 2016 Repurchase Plan.

Sources of Cash

Cash provided by operations. Cash provided by operating activities was $16.0 million for the year ended March 31, 2023 as compared to $11.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase of $4.6 million was primarily related to an increase in cash provided by operating assets and liabilities, primarily receivables of $1.9 million and certain accrued expenses of $2.9 million.

CoBank Credit Facility

On April 10, 2019, we entered into a credit facility, with CoBank, ACB and a syndicate of other lenders (as amended, the “2019 CoBank Credit Facility”). The 2019 CoBank Credit Facility provides for a $200 million revolving credit facility that includes (i) up to $75 million for standby or trade letters of credit and (ii) up to $10 million under a swingline sub-facility. Approximately $24.0 million of performance letters of credit have been issued and remain outstanding and undrawn as of March 31, 2023. The 2019 CoBank Credit Facility matures on April 10, 2024.

Amounts borrowed under the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to, at our option, either (i) the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus an applicable margin ranging between 1.25% to 2.25% or (ii) a base rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.25% to 1.25%. Swingline loans bear interest at the base rate plus the applicable margin for base rate loans. The base rate is equal to the higher of (i) 1.00% plus the higher of (x) LIBOR for an interest period of one month and (y) LIBOR for an interest period of one week; (ii) the Federal Funds Effective Rate (as defined in the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility) plus 0.50% per annum; and (iii) the Prime Rate (as defined in the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility). The applicable margin is determined based on the Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility). Under the terms of the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility, we must also pay a commitment fee ranging from 0.150% to 0.375% of the average daily unused portion of the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility over each calendar quarter.

On November 7, 2022, we further amended the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility to allow for the incurrence of certain indebtedness related to payment guarantees in connection with its Replace and Remove project.

On December 28, 2022, we further amended the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility, effective November 7, 2022, to allow for certain transactions contemplated with our recently completed acquisition of Sacred Wind Enterprises, Inc.

The 2019 CoBank Credit Facility contains customary representations, warranties and covenants, including a financial covenant that imposes a maximum ratio of indebtedness to EBITDA as well as covenants limiting additional indebtedness, liens, guaranties, mergers and consolidations, substantial asset sales, investments and loans, sale and leasebacks, transactions with affiliates and fundamental changes. Our investments in “unrestricted” subsidiaries and certain dividend payments to our stockholders are not limited unless the Total Net Leverage Ratio is equal to or greater than 1.75 to 1.0. The Total Net Leverage Ratio is measured each fiscal quarter and is required to be less than or equal to 2.75 to 1.0. In the event of a Qualifying Acquisition (as defined in the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility), the Total Net Leverage Ratio increases to 3.25 to 1.0 for the subsequent three fiscal quarters.

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The 2019 CoBank Credit Facility also provides for the incurrence by us of incremental term loan facilities, when combined with increases to revolving loan commitments, in an aggregate amount not to exceed $200 million (the “Accordion”). Amounts borrowed under the Accordion are also subject to proforma compliance with a net leverage ratio financial covenant.

As of March 31, 2023, we were in compliance with all of the financial covenants, had $122.0 million outstanding and $54.0 million of availability in connection with the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility. There were no outstanding interest rate hedge agreements under the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility as of March 31, 2023.

Letter of Credit Facility

On November 14, 2022, we entered into General Agreement of Indemnity to issue performance Standby Letters of Credit on behalf of us and our subsidiaries. As of March 31, 2023, $4.2 million of Standby Letters of Credit had been issued under this agreement.

Alaska Credit Facility

On July 22, 2021, Alaska Communications entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Alaska Credit Facility”) with Fifth Third Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, and a syndicate of lenders to provide a $35.0 million revolving facility (the “Alaska Revolving Facility”) and a $210.0 million initial term loan facility (the “Alaska Term Loan”).

On December 23, 2022, Alaska Communications entered into a First Amendment Agreement (the “ACS Amendment’). The ACS Amendment amends the Alaska Credit Facility to increase its Revolving Credit Commitment from $35.0 million to $75.0 million and Term Loan Commitment from $210 million to $230 million. As a part of the transaction, the Term Loan commitment was fully funded as the outstanding Revolving Credit Commitment balance was transferred.

As of March 31, 2023, Alaska Communications had drawn $17.0 million on its Revolving Credit Commitment and had $58.0 million is available to draw. The Term Loan balance was $230.0 million and principal payments commence in the fourth quarter of 2023. Both facilities mature on July 22, 2026

In addition to the above changes, the ACS Amendment replaced the calculation of interest from an applicable margin applied to LIBOR with the same applicable margin applied to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus a 10-basis point adjustment.

We capitalized $7.3 million of fees associated with the Alaska Credit Facility which are being amortized over the life of the debt and $5.0 million were unamortized as of March 31, 2023.

The Alaska Credit Facility also provides for incremental facilities up to an aggregate principal amount of the greater of $70.0 million and Alaska Communications’ trailing twelve-month Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Alaska Credit Facility).

The key terms and conditions of the Alaska Credit Facility include the following:

| ● | Amounts outstanding bear an interest rate of the forward-looking SOFR rate with a one-month interest period, plus the SOFR Spread Adjustment of 10 basis points, plus a margin ranging from 3.00% to 4.00% based on Alaska Communications’ Consolidated Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) or an alternate base rate may be selected at a margin that is 1% lower than the counterpart SOFR margin;

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| ● | Principal repayments are due quarterly commencing in the fourth quarter of 2023 in quarterly amounts as follows: from the fourth quarter of 2023 through the third quarter of 2024, $1.4 million; and from the fourth quarter of 2024 through the third quarter of 2026, $2.9 million. The remaining unpaid balance is due on the final maturity date;

| ● | Alaska Communications is required to maintain financial ratios as defined in the Alaska Credit Facility, including (a) a maximum Consolidated Net Total Leverage Ratio of 4.00 to 1, stepping down to 3.75 to 1 beginning with the second quarter of 2024; and (b) a minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of not less than 1.25 to 1; and

| ● | The Alaska Credit Facility is non-recourse to us and is secured by substantially all of the personal property and certain material real property owned by Alaska Communications.

Alaska Communication’s interest rate swap, which had been designated as a cash flow hedge with an interest rate of 1.6735%, expired on June 30, 2022. As of March 31, 2023, there are no outstanding interest rate hedge agreements associated with the Alaska Credit Facility.

Alaska Term Facility

On June 15, 2022, Alaska Communications Systems Holdings, the parent company of Alaska Communications, entered a secured lending arrangement with Bristol Bay Industrial, LLC. (the “Alaska Term Facility”).

The Alaska Term Facility provides for a secured delayed draw term loan in an aggregate principal amount of up to $7.5 million and the proceeds may be used to pay certain invoices from a contractor for work performed in connection with a fiber build. Interest on the Alaska Term Facility accrues at a fixed rate of 4.0% and is payable commencing on March 31, 2023. Scheduled quarterly payments of principal commenced on March 31, 2023. The Alaska Term Facility matures on June 30, 2024.

The Alaska Term Facility contains events of default customary for facilities of this type.

As of March 31, 2023, we had $7.1 million outstanding and no available borrowings under the Alaska Term Facility.

FirstNet Receivables Credit Facility

On March 26, 2020, Commnet Finance, a wholly owned subsidiary of Commnet Wireless, entered into a receivables credit facility with us, Commnet Wireless, and CoBank, ACB (the “Receivables Credit Facility”).

The Receivables Credit Facility provides for a senior secured delayed draw term loan in an aggregate principal amount of up to $75.0 million and the proceeds may be used to acquire certain receivables from Commnet Wireless. The receivables to be financed and sold under the Receivables Credit Facility, which provide the loan security, relate to the obligations of AT&T under the FirstNet Agreement.

On December 23, 2022, CoBank amended the Receivables Credit Facility and extended the delayed draw period to December 31, 2023.

The maturity date for each loan will be set by CoBank and will match the weighted average maturity of the certain receivables financed.

Interest on the loans accrues at a fixed annual interest rate to be quoted by CoBank.

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The Receivables Credit Facility contains customary events of termination, representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and events of default customary for facilities of this type.

As of March 31, 2023, we had $48.9 million outstanding, of which $6.8 million was current, and $18.0 million of availability under the Receivables Credit Facility. We capitalized $0.8 million in fees associated with the Receivables Credit Facility which are being amortized over the life of the debt and $0.6 million were unamortized as of March 31, 2023.

GTT Credit Facilities

On September 5, 2022, GTT received approval from Republic Bank (Guyana) Limited for a $2.9 million term facility and a $5.7 million overdraft facility (the “GTT Credit Facilities”) subject to the approval from the Minister of Finance at the Bank of Guyana. Such approval from the Minister of Finance was received during the quarter ended March 31, 2023.

The GTT Credit Facilities are secured by real estate assets and carry a fixed interest rate of 7.5% which will be reviewed by the bank from time to time and subject to change at the bank’s discretion. The term facility is repayable over five years in equal monthly installments of principal and interest, commencing one month after funds are advanced. The overdraft facility will expire on October 11, 2023.

As of March 31, 2023, $3.6 million was outstanding under the overdraft facility and there were no outstanding amounts under the term facility.

Sacred Wind Term Deb t

In connection with the Sacred Wind acquisition completed on November 7, 2022, we assumed $31.6 million of term debt (the “Sacred Wind Term Debt”) with the United States of America acting through the Administrator of the Rural Utilities Service (“RUS”). The loan agreements are dated as of October 23, 2006 and March 17, 2016. RUS provides financial assistance in the form of loans under the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 to furnish or improve telecommunications and/or broadband services in rural areas.

The Sacred Wind Term Debt is secured by substantially all assets of Sacred Wind and an underlying mortgage to the United States of America. These mortgage notes are to be repaid in equal monthly installments covering principal and interest beginning after date of issue and expiring by 2035.

The Sacred Wind Term Debt contains certain restrictions on the declaration or payment of dividends, redemption of capital stock or investment in affiliated companies without the consent by the RUS noteholders. The agreements also contain a financial covenant which Sacred Wind Enterprises was not in compliance with as of December 31, 2021. Sacred Wind Enterprises submitted a corrective action plan to comply with the financial covenant as of December 31, 2025. On May 5, 2022, Sacred Wind Enterprise’s corrective action plan was accepted by the RUS. As of March 31, 2023, we were in compliance with that corrective action plan.

As of March 31, 2023, $30.6 million was outstanding under the Sacred Wind Term Debt. Of that amount, $3.2 million was current and $27.4 million was long term.

Viya Debt

We, and certain of our subsidiaries, have entered into a $60.0 million loan agreement (the “Viya Debt”) with Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative (“RTFC”). The Viya Debt agreement contains customary representations, warranties and affirmative and negative covenants (including limitations on additional debt, guaranties, sale of assets and liens) and a financial covenant that limits the maximum ratio of indebtedness to annual operating cash flow to 3.5 to 1.0 (the “Net Leverage Ratio”). This covenant is tested on an annual basis at the end of each fiscal year. Interest is paid

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quarterly at a fixed rate of 4.0% per annum and principal repayment is not required until maturity on July 1, 2026. Prepayment of the Viya Debt may be subject to a fee under certain circumstances. The debt is secured by certain assets of our Viya subsidiaries and is guaranteed by us.

We paid a fee of $0.9 million in 2016 to lock the interest rate at 4% per annum over the term of the Viya Debt. The fee was recorded as a reduction to the Viya Debt carrying amount and is being amortized over the life of the loan.

As of March 31, 2023, $60.0 million of the Viya Debt remained outstanding and $0.3 million of the rate lock fee was unamortized.

On May 5, 2022, RTFC agreed to amend the Net Leverage Ratio to 7.0 to 1.0 through the maturity date of July 1, 2026. The Ratio is tested annually and we were in compliance with the Net Leverage Ratio as of December 31, 2022.

One Communications Debt

We had an outstanding loan from HSBC Bank Bermuda Limited (the “One Communications Debt”) which matured and was repaid in full on December 22, 2022. This loan bore interest at the one-month LIBOR plus a margin ranging between 2.5% to 2.75% per annum paid quarterly.

Factors Affecting Sources of Liquidity

Internally generated funds. The key factors affecting our internally generated funds are demand for our services, competition, regulatory developments, economic conditions in the markets where we operate our businesses and industry trends within the telecommunications industry.

Restrictions under Credit Facility. Our 2019 CoBank Credit Facility contains customary representations, warranties and covenants, including covenants limiting additional indebtedness, liens, guaranties, mergers and consolidations, substantial asset sales, investments and loans, sale and leasebacks, transactions with affiliates and fundamental changes.

Maturity of Credit Facility. Our 2019 CoBank Credit Facility matures on April 10, 2024, which is within twelve months of the date these consolidated financial statements are available to be issued. At March 31, 2023, we owed $122.0 million for amounts drawn under the credit facility. For the year ended December 31, 2022, we generated positive cash flows from operating activities of $102.9 million. At March 31, 2023, we had $56.0 million of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents and $5.0 million of restricted cash. If we are unable to refinance our existing debt or obtain additional financing on or before the maturity of the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility, this could impact our ability to meet our obligations coming due within one year after issuance of these consolidated financial statements. We are actively pursuing debt financing options which would extend the maturity date of the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility and may increase its capacity, and we expect to complete this financing process during 2023. In the event that we are unable to refinance or replace our 2019 CoBank Credit Facility, we have additional actions at our discretion, including reducing capital expenditures not required to sustain current network operations, reducing operating cash flows such as marketing and general and administrative expenses, and pursuing equity financing through issuance of equity securities in public markets. However, we do not currently believe these additional actions will be required to be implemented due to our debt financing plans.

In light of the plans discussed above, we believe it is probable we will meet our obligations as they come due for a minimum of twelve months from the issuance of date of these consolidated financial statements. .However, if we are unable to refinance its existing debt, obtain additional financing, or implement the above plans, as needed, there could be an adverse impact on our operations.

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Capital markets. Our ability to raise funds in the capital markets depends on, among other things, general economic conditions, the conditions of the telecommunications industry, our financial performance, the state of the capital markets and our compliance with SEC requirements for the offering of securities. We may file a new “universal” shelf registration statement with the SEC, to register potential future offerings of our securities.

Foreign Currency

We translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries from their respective functional currencies, primarily the Guyana Dollar, to US Dollars at the appropriate rates as of the balance sheet date. Changes in the carrying value of these assets and liabilities attributable to fluctuations in rates are recognized in foreign currency translation adjustment, a component of accumulated other comprehensive income on our balance sheet. Income statement accounts are translated using the monthly average exchange rates during the year. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a currency that is different from a reporting entity’s functional currency must first be remeasured from the applicable currency to the legal entity’s functional currency. The effect of this remeasurement process is reported in other income within our income statement. During each of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded $0.2 million in losses on foreign currency transactions. We will continue to assess the impact of our exposure to the Guyana Dollar.

Inflation

Several of our markets have experienced an increase in operating costs, some of which we believe, is attributable to inflation. If inflation continues or worsens, it could negatively impact our Company by increasing our operating expenses. Inflation may lead to cost increases in multiple areas across our business, for example, rises in the prices of raw materials and manufactured goods, increased energy rates, as well as increased wage pressures and other expenses related to our employees. In particular, where we have agreed to undertake infrastructure build outs on a fixed budget for our carrier customers or by accepting government grants, inflation may result in build costs that exceed our original budget given the long delays experienced in procuring equipment and materials due to global supply chain delays. To the extent that we are unable to pass on these costs through increased prices, revised budget estimates, or offset them in other ways, they may impact our financial condition and cash flows.

Recent Accounting Pronouncement s

None.

Critical Accounting Estimates

There were no changes to critical accounting estimates from those disclosed in “Part II. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Estimates” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

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Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Translation and Remeasurement. We translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries from their respective functional currencies, primarily the Guyana Dollar, to US Dollars at the appropriate rates as of the balance sheet date. Changes in the carrying value of these assets and liabilities attributable to fluctuations in rates are recognized in foreign currency translation adjustment, a component of accumulated other comprehensive income on our balance sheet. Income statement accounts are translated using the monthly average exchange rates during the year.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a currency that is different from a reporting entity’s functional currency must first be remeasured from the applicable currency to the legal entity’s functional currency. The effect of this remeasurement process is reported in other income on our income statement.

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Employee Benefit Plans. We sponsor pension and other postretirement benefit plans for employees of certain subsidiaries. Net periodic pension expense is recognized in our income statement. We recognize a pension or other postretirement plan’s funded status as either an asset or liability in our consolidated balance sheet. Actuarial gains and losses are reported as a component of other comprehensive income and amortized through other income in subsequent periods.

Interest Rate Sensitivity. As of March 31, 2023, we had $372.6 million of variable rate debt outstanding, which is subject to fluctuations in interest rates. Our interest expense may be affected by changes in interest rates. We believe that a 100-basis-point change in the interest rates on our variable rate debt would result in a $3.7 million change in our annual interest expense. We may have additional exposure to fluctuations in interest rates if we again borrow amounts under our revolver loans within our credit facilities.

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Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2023. Disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), mean controls and other procedures of an issuer that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2023, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

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Item 1. Legal Proceedings

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See Note 14 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this Report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed under Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The risks described herein and in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended, are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and

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uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

We may not be able to refinance our existing credit facility on terms and conditions interest rates and credit markets could impact our ability to service and expand our financing.

We require a significant amount of capital to expand our networks and grow our business that we fund partially from cash from operations and in part from borrowings under our credit facilities. On April 10, 2019, we entered into a credit facility, with CoBank, ACB and a syndicate of other lenders (as amended, the “2019 CoBank Credit Facility”). At March 31, 2023, we owed $122.0 million for amounts drawn under the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility. For the year ended December 31, 2022, we generated positive cash flows from operating activities of $102.9 million. At March 31, 2023, we had $56.0 million of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents and $5.0 million of restricted cash. The 2019 CoBank Credit Facility matures on April 10, 2024 at which point the full amount outstanding is due and payable. Management is actively pursuing debt financing options which would extend the maturity date of the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility and may increase its capacity, however, higher interest rates and less availability in the debt markets could increase our costs of borrowing. In the event we are unable to refinance or replace the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility on terms and conditions favorable to us or at all, we may need to take actions impacting our operations such as reducing capital expenditures not required to sustain current network operations, reducing operating cash outflows such as marketing and general and administrative expenses. If we are unable to refinance our existing debt, obtain additional financing through the debt or equity markets, as needed, there may be an adverse impact on our operations or financial results.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer

On September 19, 2016, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $50.0 million of our common stock from time to time on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions (the “2016 Repurchase Plan”). We have $18.0 million available to be repurchased under that plan as of March 31, 2023.

The following table reflects the repurchases by us of our common stock during the quarter ended March 31, 2023:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | (d)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Maximum
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Number (or
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (c) | ​ | Approximate
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (b) | ​ | Total Number of | ​ | Dollar Value) of
​ | ​ | (a) | ​ | Average | ​ | Shares Purchased | ​ | Shares that May
​ | ​ | Total Number | ​ | Price | ​ | as Part of Publicly | ​ | be Purchased
​ | ​ | of Shares | ​ | Paid per | ​ | Announced Plans | ​ | Under the Plans or
Period | ​ | Purchased | ​ | Share | ​ | or Programs | ​ | Programs
January 1, 2023 — January 31, 2023 |  | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | — | ​ | $ | 19,451,514
February 1, 2023 — February 28, 2023 |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 19,451,514
March 1, 2023 — March 31, 2023 |  | 71,563 | (1) | ​ | 39.69 | ​ | 35,656 | ​ | ​ | 18,044,049

| (1) | Includes 35,907 shares purchased on March 9, 2023, March 11, 2023, March 13, 2023 and March 25, 2023, from our executive officers and other employees who tendered these shares to us to satisfy their tax withholding obligations incurred in connection with the vesting of restricted stock awards at such date. These shares were not purchased under the 2016 Repurchase Plan discussed above. The price paid per share was the closing price per share of our common stock on the Nasdaq Stock Market on the date those shares were purchased.

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Item 5. Other Information

Verizon Carrier Managed Services Agreement

On May 10, 2023, Commnet Wireless, LLC (“Commnet”), a subsidiary of ATN International, Inc. (the “Company”) entered into a Carrier Managed Services Master Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Cellco Partnership d/b/a Verizon Wireless (“Verizon”), pursuant to which Commnet will provide a variety of network, infrastructure and technical services that will help deliver next generation wireless services to Verizon’s subscribers in Commnet’s current operating area in the southwestern United States.

Pursuant to the Agreement and subject to certain limitations contained therein, Commnet will upgrade its wireless service in specific areas and provide services to Verizon for an initial seven year term (the “Commitment Period”). The Commitment Period will automatically renew for up to two additional three year periods, unless Verizon provides no less than twelve months’ notice on non-renewal prior to the expiration of the then-current term.

In connection with the Agreement, Commnet has also agreed to provide Verizon with high capacity transport in its coverage area. Verizon will continue to use Commnet’s wireless communications network for roaming services at a fixed rate per site during the build period until such time as upgrades to the network to meet certain performance service level agreements for both RAN operations and transport are met.

Verizon will pay Commnet an aggregate of an estimated approximately $200 million in total amounts for both non-recurring payments for upgrades and construction to its current RAN and transport network and in monthly recurring charges over the initial Commitment Period.

The Agreement may be terminated at any time upon the mutual written consent of Commnet and Verizon. In addition, Verizon may terminate the Agreement upon the occurrence of certain events, including failure to meet certain milestones or completion dates with respect to network coverage, failure to meet certain SLAs with respect to the ongoing services, the declaration of a bankruptcy event by Commnet and breach of any other material terms of the Agreement.

The foregoing summary of the Agreement is not intended to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Agreement. The Company intends to file a redacted copy of the Agreement as an Exhibit to its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ending June 30, 2023.

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Item 6. Exhibits:

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| ​ |
| ​ |
3.1* | ​ | Amended and Restated Bylaws of ATN International, Inc. (as amended March 8, 2023), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (file No. 001-12593) filed on March 14, 2023.
31.1* | ​ | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2* | ​ | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
​ | ​ | ​
32.1** | ​ | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 USC Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
​ | ​ | ​
32.2** | ​ | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 USC Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
​ | ​ | ​
101.INS | ​ | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
​ | ​ | ​
101.SCH* | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
​ | ​ | ​
101.CAL* | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
​ | ​ | ​
101.DEF* | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
​ | ​ | ​
101.LAB* | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
​ | ​ | ​
101.PRE* | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
​ | ​ | ​
104 | ​ | Cover Page Interactive Data file (formatted as Inline XBRL and embedded within Exhibit 101). ​

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* Filed herewith.

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** The certifications furnished in Exhibit 32.1 and Exhibit 32.2 hereto are deemed to accompany this Report and will not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates them by reference.

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SIGNATURES

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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

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​ |
​ | ATN International, Inc.
​ | ​
Date: May 10, 2023 | /s/ Michael T. Prior
​ | Michael T. Prior
​ | President and Chief Executive Officer
​ | ​
Date: May 10, 2023 | /s/ Justin D. Benincasa
​ | Justin D. Benincasa
​ | Chief Financial Officer

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