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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

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​

Form 10-Q

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​ | ​
☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

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For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

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OR

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​ | ​
☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

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For the transition period from to

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Commission File Number 001-12593

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ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

​

Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | 47-0728886 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
500 Cummings Center, Suite 2450 Beverly, Massachusetts (Address of principal executive offices) | 01915 (Zip Code)

(978) 619-1300

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share |  | ATNI |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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​ | ​ | ​
Large accelerated filer ◻ | ​ | Accelerated filer ⌧
​ | ​ | ​
Non-accelerated filer ◻ | ​ | Smaller reporting company ☐
​ | ​ | ​ Emerging growth company ☐ ​

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes ☐ No ⌧

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As of November 8, 2023, the registrant had outstanding 15,421,481 shares of its common stock ($.01 par value).

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Table of Contents

ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

FORM 10-Q

​

Quarter Ended September 30, 2023

​

​ | ​ | ​
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS | 3
​ | ​ | ​
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 4
​ | ​ | ​
Item 1 | Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 4
​ | ​ | ​
​ | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 | 4
​ | ​ | ​
​ | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 | 5
​ | ​ | ​
​ | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 | 6
​ | ​ | ​
​ | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 | 7
​ | ​ | ​
​ | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 | 9
​ | ​ | ​
​ | Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 10
​ | ​ | ​
Item 2 | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 39-69
​ | ​ | ​
Item 3 | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 69
​ | ​ | ​
Item 4 | Controls and Procedures | 70
​ | ​ | ​
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION | 70
​ | ​ | ​
Item 1 | Legal Proceedings | 70
​ | ​ | ​
Item 1A | Risk Factors | 70
​ | ​ | ​
Item 2 | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 70
​ | ​ | ​
Item 5 | Other Information | 71
​ | ​ | ​
Item 6 | Exhibits | 72
​ | ​
SIGNATURES | 73
​ | ​ | ​
CERTIFICATIONS | ​

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2

Table of Contents

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

​

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (or the “Report”) contains forward-looking statements relating to, among other matters, our future financial performance and results of operations, including our the impact of federal support program revenues; expectations regarding future revenue, operating income, EBITDA and capital expenditures; the competitive environment in our key markets, demand for our services and industry trends; our expectations regarding construction progress under our carrier managed services agreements and the effect such progress will have on our financial results; expectations regarding litigation; our liquidity; and management’s plans and strategy for the future. These forward-looking statements are based on estimates, projections, beliefs, and assumptions and are not guarantees of future events or results. Actual future events and results could differ materially from the events and results indicated in these statements as a result of many factors, including, among others, (1) our ability to timely and cost effectively completed our Replace and Remove program; (2) the general performance of our operations, including operating margins, revenues, capital expenditures, and the retention of and future growth of our subscriber base and average revenue per user; (3) our ability to realize cost synergies and expansion plans for our newly acquired businesses; (4) our ability to satisfy the needs and demands of our major carrier customers; (5) our ability to efficiently and cost-effectively upgrade our networks and IT platforms to address rapid and significant technological changes in the telecommunications industry; (6) the impact of geopolitical conditions, including the Israel-Hamas war and the ongoing war in Ukraine and related sanctions; (7) government funding and subsidy program availability and regulation of our businesses, which may impact our revenue, expansion plans and operating costs; (8) our reliance on a limited number of key suppliers and vendors for timely supply of equipment and services relating to our network infrastructure; (9) economic, political and other risks and opportunities facing our operations; (10) the loss of or an inability to recruit skilled personnel in our various jurisdictions, including key members of management; (11) our ability to find investment or acquisition or disposition opportunities that fit our strategic goals and at a reasonable cost of capital; (12) the occurrence of weather events and natural catastrophes and our ability to secure the appropriate level of insurance coverage for our assets; (13) increased competition; (14) the adequacy and expansion capabilities of our network capacity and customer service system to support our customer growth; and (15) our continued access to capital and credit markets. These and other additional factors that may cause actual future events and results to differ materially from the events and results indicated in the forward-looking statements above are set forth more fully under Item 1A “Risk Factors” in each of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 15, 2023, and the other reports we file from time to time with the SEC. The Company undertakes no obligation and have no intention to update these forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors that may affect such forward-looking statements, except as required by law.

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In this Report, the words “the Company,” “we,” “our,” “ours,” “us” and “ATN” refer to ATN International, Inc. and its subsidiaries. This Report contains trademarks, service marks and trade names that are the property of, or licensed by, ATN and its subsidiaries.

​

References to dollars ($) refer to US dollars unless otherwise specifically indicated.

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3

Table of Contents

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(In Thousands, Except Share Data)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | December 31,
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022
ASSETS | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current Assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | $ | 62,063 | ​ | $ | 54,660
Restricted cash | ​ |  | 11,024 | ​ |  | 5,068
Short-term investments | ​ |  | 300 | ​ |  | 300
Accounts receivable, net of allowances for credit losses of $16.6 million and $15.2 million, respectively | ​ |  | 112,731 | ​ |  | 86,816
Customer receivable | ​ | ​ | 6,702 | ​ | ​ | 5,803
Inventory, materials and supplies | ​ |  | 18,139 | ​ |  | 17,902
Prepayments and other current assets | ​ |  | 56,406 | ​ |  | 59,139
Total current assets | ​ |  | 267,365 | ​ |  | 229,688
Fixed Assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Property, plant and equipment | ​ |  | 2,078,886 | ​ |  | 1,977,978
Less accumulated depreciation | ​ |  | (1,009,453) | ​ |  | (922,024)
Net fixed assets | ​ |  | 1,069,433 | ​ |  | 1,055,954
Telecommunication licenses, net | ​ |  | 113,698 | ​ |  | 113,698
Goodwill | ​ |  | 40,104 | ​ |  | 40,104
Intangible assets, net | ​ |  | 22,641 | ​ |  | 31,992
Operating lease right-of-use assets | ​ |  | 103,002 | ​ |  | 108,702
Customer receivable - long term | ​ | ​ | 44,623 | ​ | ​ | 46,706
Other assets | ​ |  | 90,360 | ​ |  | 81,025
Total assets | ​ | $ | 1,751,226 | ​ | $ | 1,707,869
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS AND EQUITY | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current Liabilities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current portion of long-term debt | ​ | $ | 21,278 | ​ | $ | 6,173
Current portion of customer receivable credit facility | ​ | ​ | 6,727 | ​ | ​ | 6,073
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | ​ |  | 155,170 | ​ |  | 155,224
Dividends payable | ​ |  | 3,260 | ​ |  | 3,310
Accrued taxes | ​ |  | 9,463 | ​ |  | 7,335
Current portion of lease liabilities | ​ | ​ | 16,331 | ​ | ​ | 15,457
Advance payments and deposits | ​ |  | 50,428 | ​ |  | 39,608
Total current liabilities | ​ |  | 262,657 | ​ |  | 233,180
Deferred income taxes | ​ |  | 19,198 | ​ |  | 28,650
Lease liabilities, excluding current portion | ​ | ​ | 80,260 | ​ | ​ | 83,319
Other liabilities | ​ |  | 133,102 | ​ |  | 138,420
Customer receivable credit facility, net of current portion | ​ | ​ | 38,010 | ​ | ​ | 39,275
Long-term debt, excluding current portion | ​ |  | 477,099 | ​ |  | 415,727
Total liabilities | ​ |  | 1,010,326 | ​ |  | 938,571
Redeemable noncontrolling interests: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Preferred redeemable noncontrolling interests | ​ | ​ | 58,761 | ​ | ​ | 55,152
Common redeemable noncontrolling interests | ​ | ​ | 37,026 | ​ | ​ | 37,317
Total redeemable noncontrolling interests | ​ | ​ | 95,787 | ​ | ​ | 92,469
ATN International, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share; 50,000,000 shares authorized; 17,702,476 and 17,584,057 shares issued, respectively, 15,522,140 and 15,763,341 shares outstanding, respectively | ​ |  | 173 | ​ |  | 173
Treasury stock, at cost; 2,180,336 and 1,820,716 shares, respectively | ​ |  | (86,977) | ​ |  | (73,825)
Additional paid-in capital | ​ |  | 204,425 | ​ |  | 198,449
Retained earnings | ​ |  | 420,150 | ​ |  | 449,806
Accumulated other comprehensive income | ​ |  | 7,983 | ​ |  | 6,210
Total ATN International, Inc. stockholders’ equity | ​ |  | 545,754 | ​ |  | 580,813
Noncontrolling interests | ​ |  | 99,359 | ​ |  | 96,016
Total equity | ​ |  | 645,113 | ​ |  | 676,829
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interests and equity | ​ | $ | 1,751,226 | ​ | $ | 1,707,869

​

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

Table of Contents

ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND 202 2

(Unaudited)

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three months ended September 30, | ​ | Nine months ended September 30,
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
REVENUE: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Communication services | ​ | $ | 184,601 | ​ | $ | 173,977 | ​ | $ | 547,484 | ​ | $ | 512,315
Construction | ​ | ​ | 2,038 | ​ | ​ | 3,332 | ​ | ​ | 3,648 | ​ | ​ | 8,615
Other | ​ |  | 4,397 | ​ |  | 4,904 | ​ |  | 12,118 | ​ |  | 12,800
Total revenue | ​ |  | 191,036 | ​ |  | 182,213 | ​ |  | 563,250 | ​ |  | 533,730
OPERATING EXPENSES (excluding depreciation and amortization unless otherwise indicated): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cost of communication services and other | ​ |  | 80,367 | ​ |  | 78,949 | ​ |  | 237,125 | ​ |  | 229,821
Cost of construction revenue | ​ | ​ | 2,031 | ​ | ​ | 3,321 | ​ | ​ | 3,635 | ​ | ​ | 8,640
Selling, general and administrative | ​ |  | 60,792 | ​ |  | 56,387 | ​ |  | 184,055 | ​ |  | 167,879
Stock-based compensation | ​ | ​ | 1,956 | ​ | ​ | 1,669 | ​ | ​ | 6,473 | ​ | ​ | 5,696
Transaction-related charges | ​ |  | 45 | ​ |  | 3,416 | ​ |  | 496 | ​ |  | 4,381
Restructuring expenses | ​ | ​ | 1,383 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4,640 | ​ | ​ | —
Depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | 34,370 | ​ |  | 33,312 | ​ |  | 106,991 | ​ |  | 100,421
Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions | ​ | ​ | 3,124 | ​ | ​ | 3,236 | ​ | ​ | 9,514 | ​ | ​ | 9,744
Loss on disposition of long-lived assets | ​ | ​ | 132 | ​ | ​ | 484 | ​ | ​ | 410 | ​ | ​ | 3,876
Total operating expenses | ​ |  | 184,200 | ​ |  | 180,774 | ​ |  | 553,339 | ​ |  | 530,458
Income from operations | ​ |  | 6,836 | ​ |  | 1,439 | ​ |  | 9,911 | ​ |  | 3,272
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest income | ​ | ​ | 136 | ​ | ​ | 38 | ​ | ​ | 362 | ​ | ​ | 41
Interest expense | ​ |  | (11,445) | ​ |  | (5,513) | ​ |  | (30,700) | ​ | ​ | (13,107)
Other income | ​ |  | 213 | ​ |  | 1,904 | ​ |  | 2,623 | ​ | ​ | 3,379
Other income (expense) | ​ |  | (11,096) | ​ |  | (3,571) | ​ |  | (27,715) | ​ |  | (9,687)
LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAXES | ​ |  | (4,260) | ​ |  | (2,132) | ​ |  | (17,804) | ​ |  | (6,415)
Income tax benefit | ​ |  | (542) | ​ |  | (360) | ​ |  | (6,369) | ​ |  | (1,378)
NET LOSS | ​ |  | (3,718) | ​ |  | (1,772) | ​ |  | (11,435) | ​ |  | (5,037)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax (benefit) expense of $(0.6) million, $(0.8) million, $(1.8) million and $(1.3) million respectively | ​ |  | 134 | ​ |  | (1,011) | ​ |  | 2,733 | ​ |  | 782
NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. STOCKHOLDERS | ​ | $ | (3,584) | ​ | $ | (2,783) | ​ | $ | (8,702) | ​ | $ | (4,255)
NET LOSS PER WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. STOCKHOLDERS: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic | ​ | $ | (0.31) | ​ | $ | (0.25) | ​ | $ | (0.80) | ​ | $ | (0.49)
Diluted | ​ | $ | (0.31) | ​ | $ | (0.25) | ​ | $ | (0.80) | ​ | $ | (0.49)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic | ​ |  | 15,601 | ​ |  | 15,763 | ​ |  | 15,666 | ​ |  | 15,746
Diluted | ​ |  | 15,601 | ​ |  | 15,763 | ​ |  | 15,666 | ​ |  | 15,746
DIVIDENDS PER SHARE APPLICABLE TO COMMON STOCK | ​ | $ | 0.21 | ​ | $ | 0.17 | ​ | $ | 0.63 | ​ | $ | 0.51

​

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

​

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ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND 2022

(Unaudited)

(In Thousands)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three months ended September 30, | ​ | Nine months ended September 30,
​ | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net loss | $ | (3,718) | ​ | $ | (1,772) | ​ | $ | (11,435) | ​ | $ | (5,037)
Other comprehensive income: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | — | ​ |  | (391) | ​ |  | 229 | ​ |  | (1,814)
Reclassification of foreign currency losses on investment | ​ | 1,349 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,349 | ​ | ​ | —
Reclassification of loss on pension settlement, net of $(0.2) and $(0.8) million of tax | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 195 | ​ | ​ | 915
Unrealized gain on derivatives | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (34)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  | 1,349 | ​ |  | (391) | ​ |  | 1,773 | ​ |  | (933)
Comprehensive loss |  | (2,369) | ​ |  | (2,163) | ​ |  | (9,662) | ​ |  | (5,970)
Less: Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | 134 | ​ |  | (1,011) | ​ |  | 2,733 | ​ |  | 782
Comprehensive loss attributable to ATN International, Inc. | $ | (2,235) | ​ | $ | (3,174) | ​ | $ | (6,929) | ​ | $ | (5,188)

​

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

​

​

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ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND 2022

(Unaudited)

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Total Equity
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Treasury | ​ | Additional | ​ | ​ | ​ | Other | ​ | ATNI | ​ | Non- | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Common | ​ | Stock, | ​ | Paid In | ​ | Retained | ​ | Comprehensive | ​ | Stockholders’ | ​ | Controlling | ​ | Total
​ | ​ | Stock | ​ | at cost | ​ | Capital | ​ | Earnings | ​ | Income/(Loss) | ​ | Equity | ​ | Interests | ​ | Equity
Balance, June 30, 2023 | $ | 173 | $ | (82,086) | $ | 202,623 | $ | 429,909 | $ | 6,634 | $ | 557,253 | $ | 97,723 | $ | 654,976
Purchase of 141,923 shares of common stock |  | — | ​ | (4,891) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (4,891) | ​ | — | ​ | (4,891)
Stock-based compensation |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | 1,802 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 1,802 | ​ | 154 | ​ | 1,956
Dividends declared on common stock ($0.21 per common share) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (3,260) | ​ | — | ​ | (3,260) | ​ | — | ​ | (3,260)
Repurchase of noncontrolling interests |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 4 | ​ | 4
Accrued dividend - redeemable preferred units | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (1,303) | ​ | — | ​ | (1,303) | ​ | — | ​ | (1,303)
Deemed dividend - redeemable common units | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (1,612) | ​ | — | ​ | (1,612) | ​ | 1,612 | ​ | —
Comprehensive income: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net loss |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (3,584) | ​ | — | ​ | (3,584) | ​ | (134) | ​ | (3,718)
Other comprehensive income |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 1,349 | ​ | 1,349 | ​ | — | ​ | 1,349
Total comprehensive income (loss) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (3,584) | ​ | 1,349 |  | (2,235) |  | (134) |  | (2,369)
Balance, September 30, 2023 | $ | 173 | $ | (86,977) | $ | 204,425 | $ | 420,150 | $ | 7,983 | $ | 545,754 | $ | 99,359 | $ | 645,113
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance, June 30, 2022 | $ | 172 | $ | (73,828) | $ | 195,432 | $ | 465,112 | $ | 4,231 | $ | 591,119 | $ | 95,752 | $ | 686,871
Stock-based compensation | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 1,481 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 1,481 | ​ | 186 | ​ | 1,667
Dividends declared on common stock ($0.17 per common share) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (2,681) | ​ | — | ​ | (2,681) | ​ | — | ​ | (2,681)
Investments made by minority shareholders in consolidated affiliates | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 11 | ​ | 11
Repurchase of noncontrolling interests | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (10) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (10) | ​ | (120) | ​ | (130)
Accrued dividend - redeemable preferred units | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (1,192) | ​ | — | ​ | (1,192) | ​ | — | ​ | (1,192)
Deemed dividend - redeemable common units | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (1,083) | ​ | — | ​ | (1,083) | ​ | 1,083 | ​ | —
Comprehensive income: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net income (loss) |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (2,783) | ​ | — | ​ | (2,783) | ​ | 1,011 | ​ | (1,772)
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (391) | ​ | (391) | ​ | — | ​ | (391)
Total comprehensive income (loss) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (2,783) | ​ | (391) |  | (3,174) |  | 1,011 |  | (2,163)
Balance, September 30, 2022 | $ | 172 | $ | (73,828) | $ | 196,903 | $ | 457,373 | $ | 3,840 | $ | 584,460 | $ | 97,923 | $ | 682,383

​

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

​

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ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND 2022

(Unaudited)

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Total Equity
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Treasury | ​ | Additional | ​ | ​ | ​ | Other | ​ | ATNI | ​ | Non- | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Common | ​ | Stock, | ​ | Paid In | ​ | Retained | ​ | Comprehensive | ​ | Stockholders’ | ​ | Controlling | ​ | Total
​ | ​ | Stock | ​ | at cost | ​ | Capital | ​ | Earnings | ​ | Income/(Loss) | ​ | Equity | ​ | Interests | ​ | Equity
Balance, December 31, 2022 | $ | 173 | $ | (73,825) | $ | 198,449 | $ | 449,806 | $ | 6,210 | $ | 580,813 | $ | 96,016 | $ | 676,829
Purchase of 359,620 shares of common stock |  | — | ​ | (13,152) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (13,152) | ​ | — | ​ | (13,152)
Stock-based compensation |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | 6,057 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 6,057 | ​ | 416 | ​ | 6,473
Dividends declared on common stock ($0.63 per common share) |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (9,864) | ​ | — | ​ | (9,864) | ​ | (1,447) | ​ | (11,311)
Repurchase of noncontrolling interests | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (81) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (81) | ​ | (681) | ​ | (762)
Accrued dividend - redeemable preferred units | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (3,593) | ​ | — | ​ | (3,593) | ​ | — | ​ | (3,593)
Deemed dividend - redeemable common units | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (7,497) | ​ | — | ​ | (7,497) | ​ | 7,788 | ​ | 291
Comprehensive income: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net income (loss) |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (8,702) | ​ | — | ​ | (8,702) | ​ | (2,733) | ​ | (11,435)
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 1,773 | ​ | 1,773 | ​ | — | ​ | 1,773
Total comprehensive income | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (8,702) | ​ | 1,773 |  | (6,929) |  | (2,733) |  | (9,662)
Balance, September 30, 2023 | $ | 173 | $ | (86,977) | $ | 204,425 | $ | 420,150 | $ | 7,983 | $ | 545,754 | $ | 99,359 | $ | 645,113
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance, December 31, 2021 | $ | 172 | $ | (71,714) | $ | 192,132 | $ | 475,887 | $ | 4,773 | $ | 601,250 | $ | 101,003 | $ | 702,253
Purchase of 57,115 shares of common stock | ​ | — | ​ | (2,114) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (2,114) | ​ | — | ​ | (2,114)
Stock-based compensation |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | 5,225 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 5,225 | ​ | 471 | ​ | 5,696
Dividends declared on common stock ($0.51 per common share) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (8,035) | ​ | — | ​ | (8,035) | ​ | (1,375) | ​ | (9,410)
Investments made by minority shareholders in consolidated affiliates | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 22 | ​ | 22
Repurchase of noncontrolling interests |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | (454) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (454) | ​ | (4,178) | ​ | (4,632)
Accrued dividend - redeemable preferred units | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (3,462) | ​ | — | ​ | (3,462) | ​ | — | ​ | (3,462)
Deemed dividend - redeemable common units | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (2,762) | ​ | — | ​ | (2,762) | ​ | 2,762 | ​ | —
Comprehensive income: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net income (loss) |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (4,255) | ​ | — | ​ | (4,255) | ​ | (782) | ​ | (5,037)
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (933) | ​ | (933) | ​ | — | ​ | (933)
Total comprehensive income | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (4,255) | ​ | (933) |  | (5,188) |  | (782) |  | (5,970)
Balance, September 30, 2022 | $ | 172 | $ | (73,828) | $ | 196,903 | $ | 457,373 | $ | 3,840 | $ | 584,460 | $ | 97,923 | $ | 682,383

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8

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ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND 2022

(Unaudited)

(In Thousands)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Nine Months Ended September 30,
​ | 2023 |  | 2022
Cash flows from operating activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net loss | $ | (11,435) | ​ | $ | (5,037)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash flows provided by operating activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Depreciation and amortization | ​ | 106,991 | ​ |  | 100,421
Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions | ​ | 9,514 | ​ | ​ | 9,744
Provision for doubtful accounts | ​ | 4,014 | ​ |  | 4,969
Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs | ​ | 1,806 | ​ |  | 1,512
Loss on disposition of long-lived assets | ​ | 410 | ​ | ​ | 3,876
Stock-based compensation | ​ | 6,473 | ​ |  | 5,696
Deferred income taxes | ​ | (9,452) | ​ |  | (6,619)
Loss on pension settlement | ​ | 369 | ​ | ​ | 1,725
Gain on investments | ​ | (2,752) | ​ | ​ | (5,617)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding the effects of acquisitions and dispositions: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Accounts receivable | ​ | (2,881) | ​ |  | (1,401)
Customer receivable | ​ | 1,185 | ​ | ​ | (4,399)
Prepaid income taxes | ​ | 739 | ​ |  | 6,206
Accrued taxes | ​ | 2,863 | ​ |  | 2,163
Materials and supplies, prepayments, and other current assets | ​ | 424 | ​ |  | (16,358)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities, advance payments and deposits and other current liabilities | ​ | (6,769) | ​ |  | (4,724)
Other assets | ​ | (4,683) | ​ | ​ | (4,016)
Other liabilities | ​ | (7,332) | ​ |  | (9,166)
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 89,484 | ​ |  | 78,975
Cash flows from investing activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Capital expenditures |  | (126,640) | ​ |  | (109,944)
Government capital programs | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Amounts disbursed | ​ | (14,261) | ​ | ​ | (4,015)
Amounts received | ​ | 16,065 | ​ | ​ | 2,668
Purchases of strategic investments | ​ | (1,055) | ​ | ​ | (2,750)
Sale of businesses, net of transferred cash of $0 | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,835
Spectrum deposit refund | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,136
Proceeds from strategic investments |  | — | ​ |  | 15,745
Acquisition of businesses | ​ | 1,314 | ​ | ​ | —
Proceeds from sale of assets | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 683
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (124,577) | ​ |  | (94,642)
Cash flows from financing activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Dividends paid on common stock |  | (9,918) | ​ |  | (8,028)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |  | (1,447) | ​ |  | (1,375)
Payment of debt issuance costs |  | (3,708) | ​ |  | —
Finance lease payments | ​ | (932) | ​ | ​ | (820)
Term loan - repayments |  | (3,532) | ​ |  | (953)
Term loan - borrowings | ​ | 130,000 | ​ | ​ | 711
Revolving credit facility – borrowings | ​ | 126,893 | ​ | ​ | 68,000
Revolving credit facility – repayments | ​ | (174,292) | ​ | ​ | (45,000)
Proceeds from customer receivable credit facility |  | 4,300 | ​ |  | 12,225
Repayment of customer receivable credit facility | ​ | (4,998) | ​ | ​ | (3,543)
Purchases of common stock – stock- based compensation | ​ | (1,473) | ​ | ​ | (1,169)
Purchases of common stock – share repurchase plan | ​ | (11,679) | ​ | ​ | (942)
Investments made by minority shareholders in consolidated affiliates | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 22
Repurchases of noncontrolling interests | ​ | (762) | ​ | ​ | (4,631)
Contingent consideration paid for business acquisition | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (1,718)
Net cash provided by financing activities |  | 48,452 | ​ |  | 12,779
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash |  | 13,359 | ​ |  | (2,888)
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period |  | 59,728 | ​ |  | 80,697
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period | $ | 73,087 | ​ | $ | 77,809
Noncash investing activity: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Purchases of property, plant and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Amounts accrued for reimbursable capital expenditures from government capital programs | $ | 25,244 | ​ | $ | —
Amounts accrued for non-reimbursable capital expenditures | $ | 19,107 | ​ | $ | 21,491

​

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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​

ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

​

​

1.ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS

The Company provides digital infrastructure and communications services in the United States and internationally, including in the Caribbean region, with a focus on smaller markets, many of which are rural or remote, with a growing demand for infrastructure investments. Through its operating subsidiaries, the Company primarily provides: (i) carrier and enterprise communications services, such as terrestrial and submarine fiber optic transport, and communications tower facilities; and (ii) fixed and mobile telecommunications connectivity to residential, business and government customers, including a range of high-speed internet and data services, fixed and mobile wireless solutions, and video and voice services.

At the holding company level, the Company oversees the allocation of capital within and among its subsidiaries, affiliates, new investments, and stockholders. The Company has developed significant operational expertise and resources that it uses to augment the capabilities of its individual operating subsidiaries in its local markets. The Company has built a platform of resources and expertise to support its operating subsidiaries and to improve their quality of service with greater economies of scale and expertise than would typically be available at the operating subsidiary level. The Company provides management, technical, financial, regulatory, and marketing services to its operating subsidiaries and typically receives a management fee calculated as a percentage of their revenues, which is eliminated in consolidation. The Company also actively evaluates potential acquisitions, investment opportunities and other strategic transactions, both domestic and international, and generally looks for those that it believes fit the Company’s profile of telecommunications businesses and have the potential to complement its “glass and steel” and “first to fiber” approach in markets while generating steady excess cash flows over extended periods of time. The Company uses the cash generated from its operations to re-invest in organic growth in its existing businesses, to make strategic investments in additional businesses, and to return cash to its investors through dividends or stock repurchases.

For further information about the Company’s financial segments and geographical information about its operating revenues and assets, see Notes 1 and 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company offered the following types of services to its customers:

​

| ● | Mobility Telecommunications Services. The Company offers mobile communications services over its wireless networks and related equipment, such as handsets, to both its business and consumer customers. |

​

| ● | Fixed Telecommunications Services. The Company provides fixed data and voice telecommunications services to business and consumer customers. These services include consumer broadband and high-speed data solutions for businesses. For some markets, fixed services also include video services and revenue derived from support under certain government programs. |

​

| ● | Carrier Telecommunication Services. The Company delivers services to other telecommunications providers, including the leasing of critical network infrastructure, such as tower and transport facilities, wholesale roaming, site maintenance and international long-distance services. |

​

| ● | Managed Services. The Company provides information technology services such as network, application, infrastructure and hosting services to both its business and consumer customers to complement its fixed services in its existing markets.

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​

The Company has two operating segments to manage and review its operations and to facilitate investor presentations of its results. These two operating segments are as follows:

​

| ● | International Telecom. In the Company’s international markets, it offers fixed services, mobility services, carrier services and managed services to customers in Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Guyana and the US Virgin Islands.

​

| ● | US Telecom. In the United States, the Company offers mobility services, fixed services, carrier services, and managed services to business and consumer customers in Alaska and the western United States. |

​

The following chart summarizes the operating activities of the Company’s principal subsidiaries, the segments in which it reports its revenue and the markets it served during the three months ended September 30, 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Segment |  | Services |  | Markets |  | Tradenames
International Telecom |  | Mobility Services |  | Bermuda, Guyana, US Virgin Islands |  | One, GTT, Viya
​ | ​ | Fixed Services |  | Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Guyana, US Virgin Islands |  | One, Logic, GTT, Viya
​ | ​ | Carrier Services | ​ | Bermuda, Guyana, US Virgin Islands | ​ | One, GTT, Viya, Logic
​ | ​ | Managed Services | ​ | Bermuda, Cayman Islands, US Virgin Islands, Guyana | ​ | Fireminds, One, Logic, GTT, Viya
US Telecom |  | Mobility Services |  | United States (rural markets) |  | Choice NTUA Wireless
​ | ​ | Fixed Services | ​ | United States |  | Alaska Communications, Commnet Broadband, Choice NTUA Wireless, Sacred Wind Communications, Ethos
​ | ​ | Carrier Services | ​ | United States | ​ | Alaska Communications, Commnet, Essextel, Sacred Wind Communications
​ |  | Managed Services |  | United States |  | Alaska Communications, Fireminds

​

For further information about the Company’s financial segments and geographical information about its operating revenues and assets, see Note 13 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report.

Restructuring Expense

In order to reduce the Company’s US Telecom cost structure to an optimal level needed to support the segment’s operations going forward, the Company incurred certain network termination and reduction in force costs totaling $1.4 million and $4.6 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. The charge is recorded in Restructuring Expense on the Company’s statements of operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company paid $2.6 million, recorded a gain of $0.3 million on lease termination, and accrued $2.3 million of the restructuring expenses. In conjunction with the restructuring, the Company terminated $5.6 million of lease right of use assets and $5.9 million of lease liabilities from its balance sheet.

2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The financial information included

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herein is unaudited; however, the Company believes such information and the disclosures herein are adequate to make the information presented not misleading and reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that are necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position and results of operations for the periods described therein. The year-end condensed balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Results of interim periods may not be indicative of results for the full year. These condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 15, 2023.

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its subsidiaries in which the Company holds controlling interests and certain entities which are consolidated in accordance with the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) authoritative guidance on the consolidation of variable interest entities, since it is determined that the Company is the primary beneficiary of these entities.

​

3. REVENUE RECOGNITION AND RECEIVABLES

Revenue Accounted for in Accordance with Other Guidance

The Company records revenue in accordance with ASC 606 from contracts with customers and ASC 842 from lease agreements, as well as government grants. Lease revenue recognized under ASC 842 is disclosed in Note 4 and government grant revenue is disclosed in Note 9.

Timing of Revenue Recognition

Revenue accounted for in accordance with ASC 606 consisted of the following for the periods presented below.

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three months ended | ​ | Nine months ended
​ | ​ | September 30, 2023 | September 30, 2022 | ​ | September 30, 2023 | ​ | September 30, 2022
Services transferred over time | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
US Telecom | $ | 81,459 | ​ | $ | 76,542 | ​ | $ | 242,862 | ​ | $ | 221,033
International Telecom | ​ | 87,657 | ​ | ​ | 84,770 | ​ | ​ | 260,066 | ​ | ​ | 248,552
Total | ​ | 169,116 | ​ | ​ | 161,312 | ​ | ​ | 502,928 | ​ | ​ | 469,585
Goods and services transferred at a point in time | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
US Telecom | ​ | 4,111 | ​ | ​ | 5,839 | ​ | ​ | 9,255 | ​ | ​ | 18,140
International Telecom | ​ | 4,752 | ​ | ​ | 4,294 | ​ | ​ | 11,792 | ​ | ​ | 10,181
Total | ​ | 8,863 | ​ | ​ | 10,133 | ​ | ​ | 21,047 | ​ | ​ | 28,321
Total revenue accounted for under ASC 606 | $ | 177,979 | ​ | $ | 171,445 | ​ | $ | 523,975 | ​ | $ | 497,906

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Contract Assets and Liabilities

The Company recognizes contract assets and liabilities on its balance sheet. Contract assets represent unbilled amounts typically resulting from consumer Mobility contracts with both a multiyear service period and a promotional discount. In these contracts, the revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. The current portion of the contract asset is recorded in prepayments and other current assets and the noncurrent portion is included in other assets on the Company’s balance sheets.

Contract liabilities consist of advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized. Mobility and Fixed revenue for postpaid customers is generally billed one month in advance and recognized over the period that the corresponding service is rendered to customers. To the extent the service is not provided by the reporting date the

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amount is recognized as a contract liability. Prepaid service, including Mobility services, sold to customers is recorded as deferred revenue prior to the commencement of services. Contract liabilities also include certain long term fixed business and carrier service customer contracts. Contract liabilities are recorded in advanced payments and deposits and other liabilities on the Company’s balance sheets.

In July 2019, the Company entered into a Network Build and Maintenance Agreement with AT&T Mobility, LLC (“AT&T”) and subsequently entered into amendments in August 2020, May 2021 and August 2022 (the “FirstNet Agreement”). In connection with the FirstNet Agreement, the Company is building a portion of AT&T’s network for the First Responder Network Authority in or near the Company’s current operating areas in the western United States (the “FirstNet Transaction”). The FirstNet Transaction includes construction and service performance obligations. The current portion of receivables under this agreement is recorded in customer receivable and the long-term portion is recorded in customer receivable long-term on the Company’s balance sheet. In May 2023, the Company amended its current roaming agreement and entered into a carrier management services agreement with Verizon Wireless (“Verizon CMS Agreement”). The transaction includes service performance obligations under which revenue is recognized over time. The Company allocates the transaction price of these agreements to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price of each performance obligation in the contracts. The standalone selling price is the estimated price the Company would charge for the good or service in a separate transaction with similar customers in similar circumstances.

Contract assets and liabilities consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | September 30, 2023 | ​ | December 31, 2022 | ​ | ​ | $ Change | ​ | % Change
Contract asset – current | $ | 3,241 | ​ | $ | 2,932 | ​ | $ | 309 | ​ | ​ | 10.5 | %
Contract asset – noncurrent | ​ | 4,050 | ​ | ​ | 3,775 | ​ | ​ | 275 | ​ | ​ | 7.3 | %
Contract liability – current | ​ | (29,872) | ​ | ​ | (27,284) | ​ | ​ | (2,588) | ​ | ​ | 9.5 | %
Contract liability – noncurrent | ​ | (65,848) | ​ | ​ | (72,543) | ​ | ​ | 6,695 | ​ | ​ | (9.2) | %
Net contract liability | $ | (88,429) | ​ | $ | (93,120) | ​ | $ | 4,691 | ​ | ​ | (5.0) | %

​

The contract asset – current is included in prepayments and other current assets and the contract asset – noncurrent is included in other assets on the Company’s balance sheet. The contract liability – current is included in advance payments and deposits and the contract liability – noncurrent is included in other liabilities on the Company’s balance sheet. The decrease in the Company’s net contract liability was due to the timing of customer prepayments, contract billings, and recognition of deferred revenue. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized revenue of $24.3 million related to its December 31, 2022 contract liability and amortized $2.2 million of the December 31, 2022 contract asset to revenue.

Contract Acquisition Costs

The September 30, 2023 balance sheet includes contract acquisition costs of $10.7 million in other assets. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company amortized $1.4 million and $4.1 million, respectively, of contract acquisition costs. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company amortized $0.9 million and $2.5 million, respectively, of contract acquisition costs.

Remaining Performance Obligations

Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations of certain multiyear Mobility contracts, which include a promotional discount, Managed Services contracts, and the Company’s Carrier Services construction and service contracts. The transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations was $474 million and $312 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The increase during 2023 was related to the Verizon agreement discussed above. The Company expects to satisfy approximately 37% of the remaining performance obligations and recognize the transaction price within 24 months and the remainder thereafter.

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The Company has certain Mobility, Fixed, and Carrier Services contracts where the transaction price is allocated to remaining performance obligations. However, the Company omits these contracts from its disclosure by applying the right to invoice, one year or less, and wholly unsatisfied performance obligation practical expedients.

Disaggregation

The Company's revenue is presented on a disaggregated basis in Note 13 based on an evaluation of disclosures outside the financial statements, information regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision makers for evaluating the financial performance of operating segments and other information that is used for performance evaluation and resource allocations. This includes revenue from Communication Services, Construction, and Other revenue. Communication Services revenue is further disaggregated into business and consumer Mobility, business and consumer Fixed, Carrier Services, and Other services. Other revenue is further disaggregated into Managed Services revenue.

Receivables

The Company records an estimate of future credit losses in conjunction with the revenue transaction based on the information available including historical experience and management’s expectations of future conditions. Those estimates will be updated as additional information becomes available. The Company’s allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable is based on management’s assessment of the collectability of assets pooled together with similar risk characteristics.

The Company had gross accounts receivable of $180.2 million, including a receivable under the FirstNet Agreement totaling $51.3 million, of which $44.6 million was long-term, and an allowance for credit losses of $16.6 million as of September 30, 2023. The Company had gross accounts receivable of $154.5 million and a receivable under the FirstNet Agreement totaling $52.5 million, of which $46.7 million was long-term, and an allowance for credit losses of $15.2 million as of December 31, 2022. The Company monitors receivables through the use of historical operating data adjusted for the expectation of future performance as appropriate. Activity in the allowance for credit losses is below:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Nine months ended
​ |  | September 30, 2023 |  | September 30, 2022
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 15,171 | ​ | $ | 13,885
Current period provision for expected losses |  | ​ | 4,014 | ​ | ​ | 4,969
Write-offs charged against the allowance |  | ​ | (3,017) | ​ | ​ | (3,083)
Recoveries collected | ​ | ​ | 414 | ​ | ​ | 326
Balance at end of period | ​ | $ | 16,582 | ​ | $ | 16,097

​

​

4. LEASES

Lessee Disclosure

The Company has operating and financing leases for towers, land, corporate offices, retail facilities, and data transport capacity. The lease terms are generally between three and 10 years, some of which include additional renewal options.

​

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Supplemental lease information

The components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three months ended | ​ | Nine months ended
​ | September 30, 2023 |  | September 30, 2022 | ​ | September 30, 2023 |  | September 30, 2022
Operating lease cost: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating lease cost | $ | 5,975 | ​ | $ | 6,061 | ​ | $ | 17,719 | ​ | $ | 18,398
Short-term lease cost | ​ | 655 | ​ | ​ | 714 | ​ | ​ | 1,958 | ​ | ​ | 1,869
Variable lease cost | ​ | 1,266 | ​ | ​ | 1,010 | ​ | ​ | 3,311 | ​ | ​ | 2,456
Total operating lease cost | $ | 7,896 | ​ | $ | 7,785 | ​ | $ | 22,988 | ​ | $ | 22,723
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Finance lease cost: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Amortization of right-of-use asset | $ | 735 | ​ | $ | 742 | ​ | $ | 2,239 | ​ | $ | 2,321
Variable costs | ​ | 211 | ​ | ​ | 209 | ​ | ​ | 641 | ​ | ​ | 667
Interest costs | ​ | 103 | ​ | ​ | 93 | ​ | ​ | 265 | ​ | ​ | 290
Total finance lease cost | $ | 1,049 | ​ | $ | 1,044 | ​ | $ | 3,145 | ​ | $ | 3,278

​

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company paid $14.6 million and $16.0 million, respectively, for operating lease liabilities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded $15.8 million and $6.1 million, respectively, of operating lease liabilities arising from ROU assets. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, in conjunction with the restructuring activities the Company terminated $5.6 million of lease right of use assets, $5.9 million of lease liabilities from its balance sheet, and recorded a gain of $0.3 million in the restructuring expense line of its statement of operations.

At September 30, 2023, finance leases with a cost of $31.6 million and accumulated amortization of $15.7 million were included in property, plant and equipment. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company paid $0.9 million of financing cash flows, $3.5 million of investing cash flows and $0.3 million of operating cash flows for finance lease liabilities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company paid $0.8 million of financing cash flows and $0.3 million of operating cash flows for finance lease liabilities. Additionally, during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company disposed of a finance lease with a net book value of $2.3 million recording a loss for $1.0 million. At September 30, 2023, finance leases had a lease liability of $6.0 million, of which $1.8 million was current.

At December 31, 2022, finance leases with a cost of $26.6 million and accumulated amortization of $13.5 million were included in property, plant and equipment.

The weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rates as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are noted in the table below:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | September 30, 2023 | ​ | December 31, 2022
Weighted-average remaining lease term | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating leases | ​ | 13.0 years | ​ | ​ | 12.4 years
Financing leases | ​ | 9.3 years | ​ | ​ | 9.3 years
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Weighted-average discount rate | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating leases | ​ | 6.3% | ​ | ​ | 6.0%
Financing leases | ​ | 7.1% | ​ | ​ | 6.7%

​

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Maturities of lease liabilities as of September 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Operating Leases | ​ | Financing Leases
2023 (excluding the nine months ended September 30, 2023) | $ | 4,896 | ​ | $ | 535
2024 | ​ | 19,349 | ​ | ​ | 2,153
2025 | ​ | 15,811 | ​ | ​ | 1,341
2026 | ​ | 11,498 | ​ | ​ | 542
2027 | ​ | 9,129 | ​ | ​ | 511
Thereafter | ​ | 88,052 | ​ | ​ | 2,651
Total lease payments | ​ | 148,735 | ​ | ​ | 7,733
Less imputed interest | ​ | (58,122) | ​ | ​ | (1,755)
Total | $ | 90,613 | ​ | $ | 5,978

​

Maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Operating Leases | ​ | Financing Leases
2023 | $ | 19,417 | ​ | $ | 1,403
2024 | ​ | 17,836 | ​ | ​ | 1,342
2025 | ​ | 14,805 | ​ | ​ | 978
2026 | ​ | 10,505 | ​ | ​ | 504
2027 | ​ | 8,096 | ​ | ​ | 495
Thereafter | ​ | 76,452 | ​ | ​ | 2,651
Total lease payments | ​ | 147,111 | ​ | ​ | 7,373
Less imputed interest | ​ | (53,794) | ​ | ​ | (1,914)
Total | $ | 93,317 | ​ | $ | 5,459

​

As of September 30, 2023, the Company did not have any material operating or finance leases that have not yet commenced.

Lessor Disclosure

The Company is the lessor in agreements to lease the use of its network assets including its wireless cell sites and buildings. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded $5.8 million and $4.4 million, respectively, of lease income from agreements in which the Company is the lessor. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded $1.9 million and $1.5 million, respectively, of lease income. Lease income is classified as Carrier Services revenue in the statement of operations.

The following table presents the maturities of future undiscounted lease payments for the periods indicated:

​

​ | ​ | ​
2023 (excluding the nine months ended September 30, 2023) | $ | 1,891
2024 | ​ | 6,587
2025 | ​ | 6,394
2026 | ​ | 6,062
2027 | ​ | 4,874
Thereafter | ​ | 15,641
Total future lease payments | $ | 41,449

​

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5. USE OF ESTIMATES

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. The most significant estimates relate to the allowance for credit losses on trade receivables, useful lives of the Company’s fixed and finite-lived intangible assets, allocation of purchase price to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations, fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets, goodwill and income taxes. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

6. ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS

US Telecom

Acquisition of Sacred Wind Enterprises

On November 7, 2022, the Company’s newly formed wholly owned subsidiary Alloy, Inc. (Alloy”) acquired all of the issued and outstanding stock of Sacred Wind Enterprises, Inc. (“Sacred Wind”), a rural telecommunications provider in New Mexico for $44.6 million of consideration (“Sacred Wind Transaction”). The purchase price allocation was finalized during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. As part of the Sacred Wind Transaction, the Company transferred consideration of $16.7 million of cash, net of $9.4 million of cash acquired, $14.8 million of redeemable noncontrolling interests, and $3.7 million of contingent consideration. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company received $1.3 million as final settlement of working capital amounts. Upon completion of the Sacred Wind Transaction, the former Sacred Wind shareholders own 6% of the Alloy equity. This equity is classified as redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Company’s financial statements because the holders have an option, beginning in 2026, to put the equity interest to a subsidiary of the Company at the then fair market value. The redeemable noncontrolling interests do not have preference relative to other equity units and participate in gains and losses in Alloy. The contingent consideration is earned based on certain operating metrics of Sacred Wind beginning in 2025 through 2027. The fair value of the contingent consideration was calculated using discounted cash flow analysis based on a range of probability weighted outcomes. The Company funded the acquisition with borrowings under its CoBank Credit Facility and assumed $31.6 million of Sacred Wind debt, to the United States of America administered through the Rural Utilities Service.

The table below represents the purchase price allocation of the total consideration transferred to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities based on management’s estimate of their acquisition date fair values (amounts in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​
Consideration Transferred | $ | 44,560
Purchase price allocation: | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | 2,619
Restricted cash | ​ | 6,747
Current assets | ​ | 4,888
Operating lease right of use assets | ​ | 989
Fixed assets | ​ | 85,255
Intangible assets | ​ | 1,232
Current liabilities | ​ | (10,176)
Lease liabilities | ​ | (967)
Deferred taxes | ​ | (14,388)
Debt | ​ | (31,639)
Net assets acquired | $ | 44,560

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The acquired fixed assets are comprised of telecommunication equipment located in the Southwest United States. The fixed assets were valued using the income and cost approaches. Cash flows were discounted between 7% and 12% based on the risk associated with the cash flows to determine fair value under the income approach. The fixed assets have useful lives ranging from 1 to 25 years. The intangible assets include a $0.6 million trade name. The estimated fair value of the trade name was determined using the relief from royalty method. The useful life of the trade name is 5 years. The acquired receivables consist of trade receivables incurred in the ordinary course of business. The Company expects to collect the full amount of the receivables. Current liabilities includes $6.5 million of deposits received under government grant programs that will be used to construct fixed assets.

The Company incurred $0.8 million of transaction-related charges pertaining to legal, accounting, consulting services, and employee related costs associated with the transaction during the year ended December 31, 2022.

7. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND INVESTMENTS

In accordance with the provisions of fair value accounting, a fair value measurement assumes that a transaction to sell an asset or transfer a liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability, and defines fair value based upon an exit price model.

The fair value measurement guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The guidance describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

​ | ​ | ​
Level 1 | ​ | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. Active markets are those in which transactions for the asset and liability occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. Level 1 assets and liabilities include money market funds, debt and equity securities and derivative contracts that are traded in an active exchange market. ​
​ | ​ | ​
Level 2 | ​ | Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 2 assets and liabilities include debt securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments and derivative contracts whose value is determined using a pricing model with inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. This category generally includes corporate obligations and non-exchange traded derivative contracts. ​
​ | ​ | ​
Level 3 | ​ | Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments and intangible assets that have been impaired whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

​

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Assets and liabilities of the Company measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are summarized as follows (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | September 30, 2023
​ | ​ | Significant Other
​ | ​ | Quoted Prices in | ​ | Unobservable | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Active Markets | ​ | Inputs | ​ | ​ | ​
Description | ​ | (Level 1) | ​ | (Level 3) | ​ | Total
Short term investments | ​ | $ | 300 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 300
Other investments | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,278 | ​ | ​ | 1,278
Alaska Communications redeemable common units | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (22,266) | ​ | ​ | (22,266)
Alloy redeemable common units | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (14,760) | ​ | ​ | (14,760)
Warrants on Alaska Communications redeemable common units | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (654) | ​ | ​ | (654)
Total assets and liabilities measured at fair value | ​ | $ | 300 | ​ | $ | (36,402) | ​ | $ | (36,102)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | December 31, 2022
| ​ | Significant Other
​ | ​ | Quoted Prices in | ​ | Unobservable | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Active Markets | ​ | Inputs | ​ | ​ | ​
Description | ​ | (Level 1) | ​ | (Level 3) | ​ | Total
Short term investments | ​ | $ | 300 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 300
Other investments | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,616 | ​ | ​ | 1,616
Alaska Communications redeemable common units | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (22,557) | ​ | ​ | (22,557)
Alloy redeemable common units | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (14,760) | ​ | ​ | (14,760)
Warrants on Alaska Communications redeemable common units | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (654) | ​ | ​ | (654)
Total assets and liabilities measured at fair value | ​ | $ | 300 | ​ | $ | (36,355) | ​ | $ | (36,055)

​

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Other Investments

The Company holds investments in equity securities consisting of noncontrolling investments in privately held companies. The investments are accounted for using equity method accounting, the measurement alternative for investments without a readily determinable fair value, or fair value. The fair value investments are valued using level 3 inputs and the Company used the income approach to fair value the investment. The inputs consisted of a discount rate and future cash flows calculated based on the investment attributes. A roll forward of the investments is below:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Investments without a readily determinable fair value | ​ | Fair value investments | ​ | Equity method investments | ​ | Total
Balance, December 31, 2022 | ​ | $ | 22,590 | ​ | $ | 1,616 | ​ | $ | 13,963 | ​ | $ | 38,169
Income recognized | ​ | ​ | 2,430 | ​ | ​ | 229 | ​ | ​ | 93 | ​ | ​ | 2,752
Contributions | ​ | ​ | 425 | ​ | ​ | (567) | ​ | ​ | 630 | ​ | ​ | 488
Foreign currency gain | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 229 | ​ | ​ | 229
Reclassification of foreign currency losses | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,349 | ​ | ​ | 1,349
Transfers | ​ | ​ | 16,264 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (16,264) | ​ | ​ | —
Balance, September 30, 2023 | ​ | $ | 41,709 | ​ | $ | 1,278 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 42,987
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance, December 31, 2021 | ​ | $ | 17,820 | ​ | $ | 1,925 | ​ | $ | 28,699 | ​ | $ | 48,444
Sale of Investments | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (13,212) | ​ | ​ | (13,212)
Income (loss) recognized | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 326 | ​ | ​ | (2,163) | ​ | ​ | (1,837)
Contributions / (distributions) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (389) | ​ | ​ | 2,750 | ​ | ​ | 2,361
Foreign currency loss | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (1,815) | ​ | ​ | (1,815)
Gain recognized | ​ | ​ | 4,770 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4,770
Balance, September 30, 2022 | ​ | $ | 22,590 | ​ | $ | 1,862 | ​ | $ | 14,259 | ​ | $ | 38,711

​

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company lost the ability to exert significant influence over its India solar investment. As a result, the Company transferred $16.3 million from equity method investments to investments without a readily determinable fair value and the accounting for the investment changed to the cost method from the equity method of accounting. Before transitioning to the cost method, the Company recorded income of $0.1 million and reclassified $1.3 million from accumulated other comprehensive income into income.

These investments are included with other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

Redeemable Common Units and Warrants

The Company has issued redeemable common units, and warrants to purchase additional common units, in consolidated subsidiaries of the Company. The instruments are redeemable at the option of the holder. Both the common units and warrants to purchase common units are recorded at fair value in the Company’s financial statements. The common units are recorded in redeemable noncontrolling interest and the warrants are recorded in other liabilities on the Company’s balance sheets. The put options for the Alloy redeemable common units begin in 2026. The put options for the Alaska Communications redeemable common units begin the earlier of a public offering or 2028. The Company calculates the fair value of the instruments using a combination of market and discounted cash flows approaches with Level 3 inputs.

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Other Fair Value Disclosures

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values because of the relatively short-term maturities of these financial instruments.

The fair value of long-term debt is estimated using Level 2 inputs. At September 30, 2023, the fair value of long-term debt, including the current portion, was $552.2 million and its book value was $543.1 million. At December 31, 2022, the fair value of long-term debt, including the current portion, was $473.7 million and its book value was $467.2 million.

​

8. LONG-TERM DEBT

2023 CoBank Credit Facility

On July 13, 2023, the Company, along with certain of its subsidiaries as guarantors, entered into a new Credit Agreement with CoBank, ACB and a syndicate of other lenders (as may be amended from time to time, the “2023 CoBank Credit Facility”).

The 2023 CoBank Credit Facility provides for a five-year $170 million revolving credit facility (the “2023 CoBank Revolving Loan”) and a six-year $130 million term loan facility (the “2023 CoBank Term Loan”). The Company may use (i) up to $25 million under the 2023 CoBank Credit Facility for letters of credit, and (ii) up to $20 million under a swingline sub-facility. Upon the closing of the 2023 CoBank Credit Facility, the Company drew all of the 2023 CoBank Term Loan and approximately $13.6 million of the 2023 CoBank Revolving Loan. These borrowings were used to repay $139.5 million of debt outstanding under the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility at close.

The 2023 CoBank Term Loan must be repaid in quarterly principal payments in the amounts set forth below, with the outstanding principal balance maturing on July 13, 2029. The 2023 CoBank Revolving Loan may be repaid at any time on or prior to its maturity on July 13, 2028. All amounts outstanding under the 2023 CoBank Credit Facility will be due and payable upon the earlier of the maturity date or the acceleration of the loans and commitments upon an event of default.

​

​ | ​
2023 CoBank Term Loan Quarterly Payment Dates | 2023 CoBank Term Loan Quarterly Repayments
December 31, 2023 – June 30, 2025 | $812,500 (2.5% per annum)
September 30, 2025 – June 30, 2026 | $1,625,000 (5% per annum)
September 30, 2026 – June 30, 2029 | $2,437,500 (7.5% per annum)

​

Amounts borrowed under the 2023 CoBank Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to, at the Company’s option, either (i) the secured overnight financing rate as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (SOFR) plus an applicable margin ranging between 2.00% to 3.75% for the 2023 CoBank Term Loan or 1.75% to 3.50% for Revolving Loans or (ii) a base rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 1.00% to 2.75% for the Term Loan or 0.75% to 2.50% for the 2023 CoBank Revolving Loans. Swingline loans will bear interest at the base rate plus the applicable margin for base rate loans. The base rate is equal to the higher of (i) 1.00% plus the one-month SOFR rate (ii) the federal funds effective rate (as defined in the 2023 CoBank Credit Agreement) plus 0.50% per annum; and (iii) the prime rate (as defined in the 2023 CoBank Credit Agreement). The applicable margin is determined based on the ratio (as further defined in the 2023 CoBank Credit Agreement) of the Company’s indebtedness to EBITDA. Under the terms of the 2023 CoBank Credit Agreement, the Company must also pay a fee ranging from 0.25% to 0.50% on the average daily unused portion of the 2023 CoBank Credit Facility over each calendar quarter.

The 2023 CoBank Credit Agreement contains a financial covenant (as further defined in the 2023 CoBank Credit Agreement) that imposes a maximum ratio of indebtedness to EBITDA, as well as customary representations,

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warranties and covenants, including covenants limiting additional indebtedness, liens, guaranties, mergers and consolidations, substantial asset sales, investments and loans, sale and leasebacks, transactions with affiliates and fundamental changes. The Total Net Leverage Ratio is measured each fiscal quarter and is required to be less than or equal to 3.25 to 1.0. The 2023 CoBank Credit Agreement provides for events of default customary for credit facilities of this type, including but not limited to non-payment, defaults on other debt, misrepresentation, breach of covenants, representations and warranties, insolvency and bankruptcy.

The Company capitalized $4.0 million of fees associated with the 2023 CoBank Credit Facility which are being amortized over the life of the debt and $3.8 million were unamortized as of September 30, 2023.

The Company had $130.0 million outstanding under the 2023 CoBank Term Loan as of September 30, 2023. Under the 2023 CoBank Revolving Loan, the Company had $23.1 million outstanding and $146.9 million of availability as of September 30, 2023. There were no outstanding interest rate hedge agreements under the 2023 CoBank Credit Facility as of September 30, 2023 and the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants as of that date.

In October 2023, the Company entered a two year, forward starting 1-month floating to fixed SOFR interest rate swap agreement. The swap becomes effective November 13, 2023 in a notional amount of $50.0 million, has a fixed SOFR rate of 4.896% and matures on November 13, 2025.

2019 CoBank Credit Facility

On April 10, 2019, the Company entered into a credit facility, with CoBank, ACB and a syndicate of other lenders (as amended, the “2019 CoBank Credit Facility”). The 2019 CoBank Credit Facility provided for a $200 million revolving credit facility that included (i) up to $75 million for standby or trade letters of credit and (ii) up to $10 million under a swingline sub-facility. In connection with the execution of the 2023 CoBank Credit Facility, as defined above, outstanding borrowings under the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility were repaid in full.

Amounts borrowed under the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility bore interest at a rate equal to, at the Company’s option, either (i) the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus an applicable margin ranging between 1.25% to 2.25% or (ii) a base rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.25% to 1.25%. Swingline loans bore interest at the base rate plus the applicable margin for base rate loans. The base rate was equal to the higher of (i) 1.00% plus the higher of (x) LIBOR for an interest period of one month and (y) LIBOR for an interest period of one week; (ii) the Federal Funds Effective Rate (as defined in the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility) plus 0.50% per annum; and (iii) the Prime Rate (as defined in the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility). The applicable margin was determined based on the Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility). Under the terms of the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility, the Company also paid a commitment fee ranging from 0.150% to 0.375% of the average daily unused portion of the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility over each calendar quarter.

Letter of Credit Facility

On November 14, 2022, the Company entered into a General Agreement of Indemnity to issue performance Standby Letters of Credit on behalf of the Company and its subsidiaries. As of September 30, 2023, $31.6 million of Standby Letters of Credit had been issued under this agreement.

Alaska Credit Facility

On July 22, 2021, Alaska Communications entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Alaska Credit Facility”) with Fifth Third Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, and a syndicate of lenders to provide a $35.0 million revolving facility (the “Alaska Revolving Facility”) and a $210.0 million initial term loan facility (the “Alaska Term Loan”).

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On December 23, 2022, Alaska Communications entered into a First Amendment Agreement (the “ACS Amendment”). The ACS Amendment amends the Alaska Credit Facility to increase its Revolving Credit Commitment from $35.0 million to $75.0 million and Term Loan Commitment from $210.0 million to $230.0 million. As a part of the transaction, the Term Loan commitment was fully funded as the outstanding Revolving Credit Commitment balance was transferred.

As of September 30, 2023, Alaska Communications had drawn $25.0 million on its Revolving Credit Commitment and had $50.0 million available to draw. The Term Loan balance was $230.0 million and principal payments commence in the fourth quarter of 2023. Both facilities mature on July 22, 2026.

In addition to the above changes, the ACS Amendment replaced the calculation of interest from an applicable margin applied to LIBOR with the same applicable margin applied to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus a 10-basis point adjustment.

The Company capitalized $7.3 million of fees associated with the Alaska Credit Facility which are being amortized over the life of the debt and $4.2 million were unamortized as of September 30, 2023.

The Alaska Credit Facility also provides for incremental facilities up to an aggregate principal amount of the greater of $70.0 million and Alaska Communications’ trailing twelve-month Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Alaska Credit Facility).

The key terms and conditions of the Alaska Credit Facility include the following:

| ● | Amounts outstanding bear an interest rate of the forward-looking SOFR rate with a one-month interest period, plus the SOFR Spread Adjustment of 10 basis points, plus a margin ranging from 3.00% to 4.00% based on Alaska Communications’ Consolidated Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) or an alternate base rate may be selected at a margin that is 1% lower than the counterpart SOFR margin;

​

| ● | Principal repayments are due quarterly commencing in the fourth quarter of 2023 in quarterly amounts as follows: from the fourth quarter of 2023 through the third quarter of 2024, $1.4 million; and from the fourth quarter of 2024 through the third quarter of 2026, $2.9 million. The remaining unpaid balance is due on the final maturity date;

| ● | Alaska Communications is required to maintain financial ratios as defined in the Alaska Credit Facility, including (a) a maximum Consolidated Net Total Leverage Ratio of 4.00 to 1, stepping down to 3.75 to 1 beginning with the second quarter of 2024; and (b) a minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of not less than 1.25 to 1; and

| ● | The Alaska Credit Facility is non-recourse to the Company and is secured by substantially all of the personal property and certain material real property owned by Alaska Communications.

Alaska Communication’s interest rate swap, which had been designated as a cash flow hedge with an interest rate of 1.6735%, expired on June 30, 2022. As of September 30, 2023, there are no outstanding interest rate hedge agreements associated with the Alaska Credit Facility. In November 2023, Alaska Communications entered two forward starting 1-month floating to fixed SOFR interest rate swap agreements. The total notional amount of the agreements is $200.0 million, with fixed SOFR rates of 4.8695% and 4.8980% and both agreements mature on November 7, 2025.

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Alaska Term Facility

On June 15, 2022, Alaska Communications Systems Holdings, the parent company of Alaska Communications, entered into a secured lending arrangement with Bristol Bay Industrial, LLC (the “Alaska Term Facility”).

The Alaska Term Facility provides for a secured delayed draw term loan in an aggregate principal amount of up to $7.5 million and the proceeds may be used to pay certain invoices from a contractor for work performed in connection with a fiber build. Interest on the Alaska Term Facility accrues at a fixed rate of 4.0% and is payable commencing on March 31, 2023. Scheduled quarterly payments of principal commenced on March 31, 2023. The Alaska Term Facility matures on June 30, 2024.

The Alaska Term Facility contains events of default customary for facilities of this type.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $6.4 million outstanding and no available borrowings under the Alaska Term Facility.

FirstNet Receivables Credit Facility

On March 26, 2020, Commnet Finance, a wholly owned subsidiary of Commnet Wireless, entered into a receivables credit facility with the Company, Commnet Wireless, and CoBank, ACB (the “Receivables Credit Facility”).

The Receivables Credit Facility provides for a senior secured delayed draw term loan in an aggregate principal amount of up to $75.0 million and the proceeds may be used to acquire certain receivables from Commnet Wireless. The receivables to be financed and sold under the Receivables Credit Facility, which provide the loan security, relate to the obligations of AT&T under the FirstNet Agreement.

On December 23, 2022, CoBank amended the Receivables Credit Facility and extended the delayed draw period to December 31, 2023.

The maturity date for each loan will be set by CoBank and will match the weighted average maturity of the certain receivables financed.

Interest on the loans accrue at a fixed annual interest rate to be quoted by CoBank.

The Receivables Credit Facility contains customary events of termination, representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and events of default customary for facilities of this type.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $45.3 million outstanding, of which $6.7 million was current, and $18.0 million of availability under the Receivables Credit Facility. The Company capitalized $0.8 million in fees associated with the Receivables Credit Facility which are being amortized over the life of the debt and $0.5 million were unamortized as of September 30, 2023.

GTT Credit Facilities

On October 12, 2022, GTT received approval from Republic Bank (Guyana) Limited for a $2.9 million term facility and a $5.7 million overdraft facility (the “GTT Credit Facilities”) subject to the approval from the Minister of Finance at the Bank of Guyana that was received on March 31, 2023.

The GTT Credit Facilities are secured by real estate assets and carry a fixed interest rate of 7.5% which will be reviewed by the bank from time to time and subject to change at the bank’s discretion. The term facility is repayable

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over five years in equal monthly installments of principal and interest, commencing one month after funds are advanced. The overdraft facility will expire on October 31, 2024.

As of September 30, 2023, $3.5 million was outstanding under the overdraft facility and there were no outstanding amounts under the term facility.

Sacred Wind Term Debt

In connection with the Sacred Wind acquisition completed on November 7, 2022, the Company assumed $31.6 million of term debt (the “Sacred Wind Term Debt”) with the United States of America acting through the Administrator of the Rural Utilities Service (“RUS”). The loan agreements are dated as of October 23, 2006 and March 17, 2016. RUS provides financial assistance in the form of loans under the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 to furnish or improve telecommunications and/or broadband services in rural areas.

The Sacred Wind Term Debt is secured by substantially all assets of Sacred Wind and an underlying mortgage to the United States of America. These mortgage notes are to be repaid in equal monthly installments covering principal and interest beginning after date of issue and expiring by 2035.

The Sacred Wind Term Debt contains certain restrictions on the declaration or payment of dividends, redemption of capital stock or investment in affiliated companies without the consent by the RUS noteholders. The agreements also contain a financial covenant which Sacred Wind was not in compliance with as of December 31, 2021. Sacred Wind submitted a corrective action plan to comply with the financial covenant as of December 31, 2025. On May 5, 2022, Sacred Wind’s corrective action plan was accepted by the RUS. As of September 30, 2023, the Company was in compliance with that corrective action plan.

As of September 30, 2023, $29.0 million was outstanding under the Sacred Wind Term Debt. Of that amount, $3.2 million was current and $25.8 million was long term.

The mortgage notes carry fixed interest rates ranging from 0.88% to 5.0%.

Viya Debt

The Company, and certain of its subsidiaries, have entered into a $60.0 million loan agreement (the “Viya Debt”) with Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative (“RTFC”). The Viya Debt agreement contains customary representations, warranties, and affirmative and negative covenants (including limitations on additional debt, guaranties, sale of assets and liens) and a financial covenant that limits the maximum ratio of indebtedness to annual operating cash flow to 3.5 to 1.0 (the “Net Leverage Ratio”). This covenant is tested on an annual basis at the end of each fiscal year. Interest is paid quarterly at a fixed rate of 4.0% per annum and principal repayment is not required until maturity on July 1, 2026. Prepayment of the Viya Debt may be subject to a fee under certain circumstances. The debt is secured by certain assets of the Viya subsidiaries and is guaranteed by us.

The Company paid a fee of $0.9 million in 2016 to lock the interest rate at 4% per annum over the term of the Viya Debt. The fee was recorded as a reduction to the Viya Debt carrying amount and is being amortized over the life of the loan.

As of September 30, 2023, $60.0 million of the Viya Debt remained outstanding and $0.3 million of the rate lock fee was unamortized.

On May 5, 2022, RTFC agreed to amend the Net Leverage Ratio to 7.0 to 1.0 through the maturity date of July 1, 2026. The Ratio is tested annually, and the Company was in compliance with the Net Leverage Ratio as of December 31, 2022.

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One Communications Debt

The Company had an outstanding loan from HSBC Bank Bermuda Limited (the “One Communications Debt”) which matured and was repaid in full on December 22, 2022. This loan bore interest at the one-month LIBOR plus a margin ranging between 2.5% to 2.75% per annum paid quarterly.

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Debt Maturity

The table below summarizes the annual maturities of the Company’s debt instruments (amounts in thousands).

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Customer
​ | US | ​ | International | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | Total | Receivable
​ | Telecom | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Other | ​ | Debt | Credit Facility
2023 (excluding the nine months ended September 30, 2023) | $ | 2,637 | ​ | $ | 3,481 | ​ | $ | 813 | ​ | $ | 6,931 | $ | 1,476
2024 | ​ | 16,536 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,250 | ​ | ​ | 19,786 | ​ | 6,787
2025 | ​ | 14,969 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4,875 | ​ | ​ | 19,844 | ​ | 7,083
2026 | ​ | 238,469 | ​ | ​ | 60,000 | ​ | ​ | 8,125 | ​ | ​ | 306,594 | ​ | 7,393
2027 | ​ | 3,723 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 9,750 | ​ | ​ | 13,473 | ​ | 7,718
Thereafter | ​ | 14,028 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 126,307 | ​ | ​ | 140,335 | ​ | 14,794
Total | ​ | 290,362 | ​ | ​ | 63,481 | ​ | ​ | 153,120 | ​ | ​ | 506,963 | ​ | 45,251
Debt Discounts | ​ | (4,521) | ​ | ​ | (271) | ​ | ​ | (3,794) | ​ | ​ | (8,586) | ​ | (514)
Book Value | $ | 285,841 | ​ | $ | 63,210 | ​ | $ | 149,326 | ​ | $ | 498,377 | $ | 44,737

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9. GOVERNMENT SUPPORT AND SPECTRUM MATTERS

Universal Service Fund and Connect America Fund Phase II Programs

The Company recognizes revenue from several government funded programs including the Universal Service Fund (“USF”), a subsidy program managed by the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”), the Alaska Universal Service Fund (“AUSF”), a similar program managed by the Regulatory Commission of Alaska (the “RCA”), and the Emergency Connectivity Fund (“ECF”), a program to help schools and libraries support remote learning in underserved communities. USF funds are disbursed to telecommunication providers through four programs: the High Cost Program; the Low Income Program (“Lifeline Program”); the Schools and Libraries Program (“E-Rate Program”); and the Rural Health Care Support Program.

The Company also recognizes revenue from the Connect America Fund Phase II program (“CAF II”) which offers subsidies to carriers to expand broadband coverage in designated areas. Under CAF II, the Company’s US Telecom segment will receive an aggregate of $27.7 million annually through December 2025 and an aggregate of $8.0 million annually from January 2026 through July 2028.

All of the programs are subject to certain operational and reporting compliance requirements. The Company believes it is in compliance with these requirements as of September 30, 2023. Revenue recognized from the USF and CAF II programs is recognized as revenue from government grants. Revenue from other programs is recognized in accordance with ASC 606.

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RDOF (“Rural Digital Opportunities Fund”)

The Company expects to receive approximately $22.7 million over 10 years to provide broadband and voice coverage to over 10,000 households in the United States (not including Alaska) under the 2020 Rural Digital Opportunity Fund Phase I Auction (“RDOF”). Revenue recognized from the RDOF program is recognized as revenue from government grants.

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The Company recorded the amounts below as communication services revenue for the reported periods:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three months ended | ​ | Three months ended
​ | September 30, 2023 | ​ | September 30, 2022
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | US Telecom | ​ | International Telecom | ​ | Total | ​ | US Telecom | ​ | International Telecom | ​ | Total
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
High cost support | $ | 2,288 | ​ | $ | 1,397 | ​ | $ | 3,685 | ​ | $ | 991 | ​ | $ | 943 | ​ | $ | 1,934
CAF II | ​ | 6,815 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 6,815 | ​ | ​ | 6,822 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 6,822
RDOF | ​ | 608 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 608 | ​ | ​ | 478 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 478
Other Programs | ​ | 14,817 | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | 14,822 | ​ | ​ | 8,795 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 8,795
Total | $ | 24,528 | ​ | $ | 1,402 | ​ | $ | 25,930 | ​ | $ | 17,086 | ​ | $ | 943 | ​ | $ | 18,029

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Nine months ended | ​ | Nine months ended
​ | September 30, 2023 | ​ | September 30, 2022
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | US Telecom | ​ | International Telecom | ​ | Total | ​ | US Telecom | ​ | International Telecom | ​ | Total
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
High cost support | $ | 7,004 | ​ | $ | 4,192 | ​ | $ | 11,196 | ​ | $ | 3,036 | ​ | $ | 6,465 | ​ | $ | 9,501
CAF II | ​ | 20,445 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 20,445 | ​ | ​ | 20,466 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 20,466
RDOF | ​ | 1,824 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,824 | ​ | ​ | 1,434 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,434
Other Programs | ​ | 44,845 | ​ | ​ | 14 | ​ | ​ | 44,859 | ​ | ​ | 20,023 | ​ | ​ | 37 | ​ | ​ | 20,060
Total | $ | 74,118 | ​ | $ | 4,206 | ​ | $ | 78,324 | ​ | $ | 44,959 | ​ | $ | 6,502 | ​ | $ | 51,461

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In 2018, the FCC initiated a proceeding to replace the High Cost Program support received by Viya in the US Virgin Islands with a new Connect USVI Fund. On November 16, 2020, the FCC announced that Viya was not the recipient of the Connect USVI Fund award and authorized funding to be issued to the new awardee in June 2021. Pursuant to the terms of the program and effective in July 2021, Viya’s annual USF support was reduced from $16.4 million to $10.9 million. In July 2022, this support was reduced to $5.5 million for the annual period through June 2023. In April of 2023, the FCC issued an order extending the high cost support in the US Virgin Islands at the current $5.5 million per year received from July 2023 through December 31, 2025. In connection with this order, the FCC requires that the Company maintain its current footprint for voice and broadband services in the US Virgin Islands.

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Construction Grants

The Company has also been awarded construction grants to build network connectivity for eligible communities. The funding of these grants, used to reimburse the Company for its construction costs, is distributed upon completion of a project. Completion deadlines begin in September 2023 and once these projects are constructed, the Company is obligated to provide service to the participants. The Company expects to meet all requirements associated with these grants, with the exception of grants the Company has transferred to third parties, as described below. A roll forward of the Company’s grant awards is below (in thousands).

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​ | ​ | ​
​ | Amount
Grants awarded, December 31, 2022 | $ | 80,197
New grants | ​ | 34,821
Construction complete | ​ | (7,725)
Transferred grants | ​ | (6,269)
Grants awarded, September 30, 2023 | $ | 101,024

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During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company disbursed capital expenditures of $12.4 million under these programs and received reimbursement of $14.6 million. These cash flows are classified as investing activities in the Company’s statement of cash flows.

In addition, the Company partners with tribal governments to obtain grants under various government programs including the Tribal Broadband Connectivity Program ("TBCP") and the Rural Development Broadband ReConnect Program (“ReConnect”). The TBCP and ReConnect programs are administered by United States government agencies to deploy broadband connectivity in certain underserved areas. The Company was identified as a sub recipient of grants under these programs totaling $188.6 million as of September 30, 2023, but has not yet received any funding as of September 30, 2023.

Replace and Remove Program

On July 15, 2022, the Company was notified that it was an approved participant in the Federal Communication Commission’s Secure and Trusted Communications Networks Reimbursement Program (the “Replace and Remove Program”), designed to reimburse providers of communications services for reasonable costs incurred in the required removal, replacement, and disposal of covered communications equipment or services, that have been deemed to pose a national security risk, from their networks. Pursuant to the Replace and Remove Program, the Company was allocated up to approximately $207 million in reimbursement amounts to cover documented and approved costs to remove and securely destroy all ZTE communications equipment and services in its U.S. networks and replace such equipment. The Replace and Remove Program requires that the Company complete the project no later than one year from submitting its initial reimbursement request, or July 2024. At this time, the Company anticipates that it will be able to meet the deadlines and requirements of the program. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred capital expenditures related to this project of $27.1 million and $1.6 million, respectively. At September 30, 2023, $25.3 million was accrued. The Company has a receivable of $36.6 million, including operation costs and capital expenditures, at September 30, 2023, which is expected to be reimbursed within the next twelve months. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 the Company received $2.6 million of reimbursement under the program, of which $1.1 million was classified as operating cash inflows and $1.5 million was classified as investing cash inflows in the Company’s statement of cash flows.

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10. RETIREMENT PLANS

Multi-employer Defined Benefit Plan

Pension benefits for substantially all of the Company’s Alaska-based employees are provided through the Alaska Electrical Pension Fund (“AEPF”). The Company pays a contractual hourly amount based on employee classification or base compensation to the AEPF. As a multi-employer defined benefit plan, the accumulated benefits and plan assets are not determined for, or allocated separately to, the individual employer. This plan was not in endangered or critical status during the plan year.

Defined Benefit Plan

The Company has noncontributory defined benefit pension and noncontributory defined medical, dental, vision, and life benefit plans for eligible employees who meet certain eligibility criteria. The majority of benefits under the plans are frozen and the plans no longer allow new participants to join.

The Company recorded the net periodic benefit cost identified below (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three months ended | ​ | ​ | Nine months ended
​ | ​ | September 30, 2023 |  | September 30, 2022 | ​ | ​ | September 30, 2023 |  | September 30, 2022
​ | ​ | Pension benefits | ​ | Postretirement benefits | ​ | Pension benefits | ​ | Postretirement benefits | ​ | ​ | Pension benefits | ​ | Postretirement benefits | ​ | Pension benefits | ​ | Postretirement benefits
Operating expense | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Service cost | ​ | $ | 38 | ​ | $ | 31 | ​ | $ | 57 | ​ | $ | 36 | ​ | ​ | $ | 113 | ​ | $ | 62 | ​ | $ | 171 | ​ | $ | 108
Non-operating expense | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest cost | ​ | ​ | 593 | ​ | ​ | 35 | ​ | ​ | 565 | ​ | ​ | 33 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,780 | ​ | ​ | 70 | ​ | ​ | 1,695 | ​ | ​ | 99
Expected return on plan assets | ​ |  | (953) | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | (925) | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ |  | (2,858) | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | (2,775) | ​ |  | —
Settlements | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | 369 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,725 | ​ | ​ | —
Net periodic pension expense (benefit) | ​ | $ | (322) | ​ | $ | 66 | ​ | $ | (303) | ​ | $ | 69 | ​ | ​ | $ | (596) | ​ | $ | 132 | ​ | $ | 816 | ​ | $ | 207

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The Company was not required to make contributions to its pension plans during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. However, the Company periodically evaluates whether to make discretionary contributions. The Company funds its postretirement benefit plans as claims are made and did not make contributions to its pension plans during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

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11. INCOME TAXES

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was 12.7% and 16.9%, respectively.

The Company recorded an income tax benefit of $0.5 million in relation to a pretax loss of $4.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily impacted by the following items (i) the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which the Company operates, (ii) net expense related to valuation allowances placed on certain deferred tax assets that are not expected to be realizable based on the weight of positive and negative evidence and (iii) discrete items including $0.7 million of expense for interest on unrecognized tax positions.

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The Company recorded an income tax benefit of $0.4 million in relation to a pretax loss of $2.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily impacted by the following items (i) the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which the Company operates and (ii) discrete items including $0.9 million of expense for interest on unrecognized tax positions.

The Company’s effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was 35.8% and 21.5%, respectively.

The Company recorded an income tax benefit of $6.4 million in relation to a pretax loss of $17.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily impacted by the following items (i) the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which the Company operates, (ii) net expense related to valuation allowances placed on certain deferred tax assets that are not expected to be realizable based on the weight of positive and negative evidence and (iii) discrete items including a $4.0 million benefit from the reversal of an unrecognized tax position due to a statute of limitations expiration, and $2.0 million expense for interest on unrecognized tax positions.

The Company recorded an income tax benefit of $1.4 million in relation to a pretax loss of $6.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily impacted by the following items (i) the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which the Company operates, (ii) a $2.1 million net expense recognized discretely to record a valuation allowance on certain deferred tax assets that are not expected to be realizable based on the weight of positive and negative evidence and(iii) discrete items including a $3.3 million benefit from the reversal of an unrecognized tax position due to a statute of limitations expiration, and a $1.7 million expense for interest on unrecognized tax positions.

The Company’s effective tax rate is based upon estimated income before provision for income taxes for the year, composition of the income in different countries, and adjustments, if any, in the applicable quarterly periods for potential tax consequences, benefits and/or resolutions of tax contingencies. The Company’s consolidated tax rate will continue to be impacted by any transactional or one-time items in the future and the mix of income in any given year generated among the jurisdictions in which the Company operates. While the Company believes it has adequately provided for all tax positions, amounts asserted by taxing authorities could materially differ from the Company’s accrued positions as a result of uncertain and complex applications of tax law and regulations. Additionally, the recognition and measurement of certain tax benefits include estimates and judgments by management. Accordingly, the Company could record additional provisions or benefits for US federal, state, and foreign tax matters in future periods as new information becomes available.

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12. EARNINGS PER SHARE AND REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS

Earnings Per Share

The following table reconciles the numerator and denominator in the computations of basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three months ended September 30, | ​ | Nine months ended September 30,
​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022
Numerator: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net loss attributable to ATN International, Inc. stockholders- Basic | ​ | (3,584) | ​ | ​ | (2,783) | ​ | ​ | (8,702) | ​ | ​ | (4,255)
Less: Preferred dividends | ​ | (1,303) | ​ | ​ | (1,192) | ​ | ​ | (3,593) | ​ | ​ | (3,462)
Net Loss attributable to ATN International, Inc. common stockholders- Diluted | $ | (4,887) | ​ | $ | (3,975) | ​ | $ | (12,295) | ​ | $ | (7,717)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Denominator: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Weighted-average shares outstanding- Basic | ​ | 15,601 | ​ | ​ | 15,763 | ​ | ​ | 15,666 | ​ | ​ | 15,746
Weighted-average shares outstanding- Diluted | ​ | 15,601 | ​ | ​ | 15,763 | ​ | ​ | 15,666 | ​ | ​ | 15,746

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Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests

In connection with certain acquisitions, the Company accounts for third-party non-controlling minority investments as redeemable noncontrolling interests, which consist of both redeemable common and, in some instances, preferred units, in its consolidated financial statements.

The common units contain put options allowing the holder to sell at a future date, the common units to a subsidiary of the Company at the then fair market value. The common units participate in the earnings and losses of the subsidiaries and are allocated their applicable share of earnings and losses. After the allocation of earnings and losses, the Company estimates the fair value of the common units and adjusts the book value of the common units to that estimated fair value.

The preferred units contain put options allowing the holder to sell at a future date, the preferred units to a subsidiary of the Company at a fixed price equal to face value of the units plus unpaid dividends. The preferred units hold a distribution preference over common units and carry a fixed dividend rate.

The put options for both the common and preferred units, if any, are nonrecourse to the Company and exercisable at the earlier of a future initial public offering of the subsidiary or certain dates beginning in 2026.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company allocated losses of $1.6 million and $1.1 million, respectively, to the redeemable common units representing their proportionate share of operating losses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company allocated losses of $7.8 million and $2.8 million, respectively, to the redeemable common units representing their proportionate share of operating losses. The Company then compared the book value of the common units to the fair value and the fair value exceeded the book value. As a result, the book value was increased by $7.5 million and $2.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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The following table provides a roll forward of the activity related to the Company’s redeemable noncontrolling interests for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Redeemable Preferred Units | ​ | Redeemable Common Units | ​ | Total Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Balance, December 31, 2022 | $ | 55,152 | ​ | $ | 37,317 | ​ | $ | 92,469
Accrued preferred dividend | ​ | 3,609 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,609
Allocated net loss | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (7,788) | ​ | ​ | (7,788)
Change in fair value | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 7,497 | ​ | ​ | 7,497
Balance, September 30, 2023 | $ | 58,761 | ​ | $ | 37,026 | ​ | $ | 95,787

​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Redeemable Preferred Units | ​ | Redeemable Common Units | ​ | Total Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Balance, December 31, 2021 | $ | 50,296 | ​ | $ | 22,640 | ​ | $ | 72,936
Accrued preferred dividend | ​ | 3,462 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,462
Allocated net loss | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (2,762) | ​ | ​ | (2,762)
Change in fair value | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 2,762 | ​ | ​ | 2,762
Balance, September 30, 2022 | $ | 53,758 | ​ | $ | 22,640 | ​ | $ | 76,398

​

​

​

​

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13. SEGMENT REPORTING

The Company has the following two reportable and operating segments: i) International Telecom and ii) US Telecom.

The following tables provide information for each operating segment (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | International | ​ | US | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | Consolidated
Revenue | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Communication Services | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Mobility - Business | ​ | $ | 3,818 | ​ | $ | 128 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 3,946
Mobility - Consumer | ​ | ​ | 23,973 | ​ | ​ | 817 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 24,790
Total Mobility | ​ | ​ | 27,791 | ​ | ​ | 945 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 28,736
Fixed - Business | ​ | ​ | 18,016 | ​ | ​ | 35,680 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 53,696
Fixed - Consumer | ​ | ​ | 41,967 | ​ | ​ | 22,662 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 64,629
Total Fixed | ​ | ​ | 59,983 | ​ |  | 58,342 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 118,325
Carrier Services | ​ | ​ | 3,441 | ​ | ​ | 32,319 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 35,760
Other | ​ |  | 1,236 | ​ | ​ | 544 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,780
Total Communication Services Revenue | ​ |  | 92,451 | ​ | ​ | 92,150 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 184,601
Construction | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 2,038 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 2,038
Other | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Managed Services | ​ | ​ | 1,427 | ​ | ​ | 2,970 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4,397
Total other revenue | ​ | ​ | 1,427 | ​ | ​ | 2,970 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4,397
Total Revenue | ​ | ​ | 93,878 | ​ | ​ | 97,158 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 191,036
Depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | 14,354 | ​ |  | 19,398 | ​ |  | 618 | ​ |  | 34,370
Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions | ​ | ​ | 240 | ​ | ​ | 2,884 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,124
Non-cash stock-based compensation | ​ |  | 130 | ​ |  | 23 | ​ |  | 1,803 | ​ |  | 1,956
Operating income (loss) | ​ |  | 12,800 | ​ |  | 3,017 | ​ |  | (8,981) | ​ |  | 6,836

​

​

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​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  |  |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | International | ​ | US | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | Consolidated
Revenue | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Communication Services | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Mobility - Business | ​ | $ | 3,706 | ​ | $ | 298 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 4,004
Mobility - Consumer | ​ | ​ | 22,776 | ​ | ​ | 2,058 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 24,834
Total Mobility | ​ | ​ | 26,482 | ​ | ​ | 2,356 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 28,838
Fixed - Business | ​ | ​ | 18,578 | ​ | ​ | 32,509 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 51,087
Fixed - Consumer | ​ | ​ | 39,989 | ​ | ​ | 19,143 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 59,132
Total Fixed | ​ | ​ | 58,567 | ​ | ​ | 51,652 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 110,219
Carrier Services | ​ | ​ | 3,220 | ​ | ​ | 31,360 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 34,580
Other | ​ |  | 340 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 340
Total Communication Services Revenue | ​ |  | 88,609 | ​ | ​ | 85,368 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 173,977
Construction | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,332 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,332
Other | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Managed Services | ​ | ​ | 1,398 | ​ | ​ | 3,506 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4,904
Total Other Revenue | ​ | ​ | 1,398 | ​ | ​ | 3,506 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4,904
Total Revenue | ​ | ​ | 90,007 | ​ | ​ | 92,206 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 182,213
Depreciation | ​ |  | 14,126 | ​ | ​ | 18,341 | ​ | ​ | 845 | ​ |  | 33,312
Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions | ​ | ​ | 380 | ​ | ​ | 2,856 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,236
Non-cash stock-based compensation | ​ |  | 54 | ​ | ​ | 132 | ​ | ​ | 1,483 | ​ |  | 1,669
Operating income (loss) | ​ |  | 13,360 | ​ | ​ | 716 | ​ | ​ | (12,637) | ​ |  | 1,439

​

​

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | International | ​ | US | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | Consolidated
Revenue | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Communication Services | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Mobility - Business | ​ | $ | 11,484 | ​ | $ | 415 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 11,899
Mobility - Consumer | ​ | ​ | 69,270 | ​ | ​ | 2,666 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 71,936
Total Mobility | ​ | ​ | 80,754 | ​ | ​ | 3,081 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 83,835
Fixed - Business | ​ | ​ | 52,602 | ​ | ​ | 107,494 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 160,096
Fixed - Consumer | ​ | ​ | 125,944 | ​ | ​ | 67,852 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 193,796
Total Fixed | ​ | ​ | 178,546 | ​ |  | 175,346 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 353,892
Carrier Services | ​ | ​ | 11,011 | ​ | ​ | 95,978 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 106,989
Other | ​ |  | 2,084 | ​ | ​ | 684 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 2,768
Total Communication Services Revenue | ​ |  | 272,395 | ​ | ​ | 275,089 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 547,484
Construction | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | 3,648 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,648
Other | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Managed Services | ​ | ​ | 3,872 | ​ | ​ | 8,246 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 12,118
Total Other Revenue | ​ | ​ | 3,872 | ​ | ​ | 8,246 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 12,118
Total Revenue | ​ | ​ | 276,267 | ​ | ​ | 286,983 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 563,250
Depreciation | ​ |  | 42,646 | ​ | ​ | 62,315 | ​ | ​ | 2,030 | ​ |  | 106,991
Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions | ​ | ​ | 984 | ​ | ​ | 8,530 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 9,514
Non-cash stock-based compensation | ​ |  | 307 | ​ | ​ | 109 | ​ | ​ | 6,057 | ​ |  | 6,473
Operating income (loss) | ​ |  | 41,177 | ​ | ​ | (3,719) | ​ | ​ | (27,547) | ​ |  | 9,911

​

​

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | International | ​ | US | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | Consolidated
Revenue | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Communication Services | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Mobility - Business | ​ | $ | 10,997 | ​ | $ | 973 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 11,970
Mobility - Consumer | ​ | ​ | 64,025 | ​ | ​ | 5,063 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 69,088
Total Mobility | ​ | ​ | 75,022 | ​ | ​ | 6,036 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 81,058
Fixed - Business | ​ | ​ | 52,827 | ​ | ​ | 91,521 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 144,348
Fixed - Consumer | ​ | ​ | 122,435 | ​ | ​ | 57,279 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 179,714
Total Fixed | ​ | ​ | 175,262 | ​ |  | 148,800 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 324,062
Carrier Services | ​ | ​ | 10,042 | ​ | ​ | 96,102 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 106,144
Other | ​ |  | 1,051 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,051
Total Communication Services Revenue | ​ |  | 261,377 | ​ | ​ | 250,938 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 512,315
Construction | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 8,615 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 8,615
Other | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Managed Services | ​ | ​ | 3,820 | ​ | ​ | 8,980 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 12,800
Total other revenue | ​ | ​ | 3,820 | ​ | ​ | 8,980 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 12,800
Total Revenue | ​ | ​ | 265,197 | ​ | ​ | 268,533 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 533,730
Depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | 43,109 | ​ | ​ | 54,546 | ​ | ​ | 2,766 | ​ |  | 100,421
Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions | ​ | ​ | 1,192 | ​ | ​ | 8,552 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 9,744
Non-cash stock-based compensation | ​ |  | 170 | ​ | ​ | 301 | ​ | ​ | 5,225 | ​ |  | 5,696
Operating income (loss) | ​ |  | 36,889 | ​ | ​ | (4,199) | ​ | ​ | (29,418) | ​ |  | 3,272

​

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Selected balance sheet data for each of the Company’s segments as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consists of the following (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | International | ​ | US | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | Consolidated
September 30, 2023 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | ​ | $ | 35,588 | ​ | $ | 31,678 | ​ | $ | 5,821 | ​ | $ | 73,087
Total current assets | ​ | ​ | 115,888 | ​ | ​ | 143,280 | ​ | ​ | 8,197 | ​ | ​ | 267,365
Fixed assets, net | ​ | ​ | 476,355 | ​ | ​ | 587,623 | ​ | ​ | 5,455 | ​ | ​ | 1,069,433
Goodwill | ​ |  | 4,835 | ​ |  | 35,269 | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | 40,104
Total assets | ​ |  | 671,285 | ​ |  | 996,413 | ​ |  | 83,528 | ​ | ​ | 1,751,226
Total current liabilities | ​ | ​ | 82,178 | ​ | ​ | 148,352 | ​ | ​ | 32,127 | ​ | ​ | 262,657
Total debt, including current portion | ​ | ​ | 63,209 | ​ | ​ | 285,842 | ​ | ​ | 149,326 | ​ | ​ | 498,377
December 31, 2022 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | ​ | $ | 26,418 | ​ | $ | 26,375 | ​ | $ | 6,935 | ​ | $ | 59,728
Total current assets | ​ | ​ | 105,324 | ​ | ​ | 116,038 | ​ | ​ | 8,326 | ​ | ​ | 229,688
Fixed assets, net | ​ | ​ | 462,447 | ​ | ​ | 585,969 | ​ | ​ | 7,538 | ​ | ​ | 1,055,954
Goodwill | ​ |  | 4,835 | ​ |  | 35,269 | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | 40,104
Total assets | ​ |  | 643,664 | ​ |  | 980,543 | ​ |  | 83,662 | ​ | ​ | 1,707,869
Total current liabilities | ​ | ​ | 86,738 | ​ | ​ | 119,755 | ​ | ​ | 26,687 | ​ | ​ | 233,180
Total debt, including current portion | ​ | ​ | 59,659 | ​ | ​ | 263,241 | ​ | ​ | 99,000 | ​ | ​ | 421,900

​

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company spent $140.9 million and $114.0 million, respectively, on capital expenditures relating to its telecommunications networks and business support systems of which $14.3 million and $4.0 million, respectively, are reimbursable under various government programs. The following notes the Company’s capital expenditures, by operating segment, for these periods (in thousands).

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Capital Expenditures
​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | International | ​ | ​ | US | ​ | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
Nine months ended September 30, | ​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | ​ | Consolidated
2023 | ​ | $ | 57,610 | ​ | $ | 83,291 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 140,901
2022 | ​ | ​ | 53,270 | ​ | ​ | 60,056 | ​ | ​ | 633 | ​ | ​ | 113,959

​

| (1) | Corporate and other items refer to corporate overhead costs and consolidating adjustments

​

14. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Regulatory and Litigation Matters

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to certain regulatory and legal proceedings and other claims arising in the ordinary course of business, some of which involve claims for damages and taxes that are substantial in amount. Historically, the Company’s subsidiary, GTT, has been subject to other long-standing litigation proceedings and disputes in Guyana that have not yet been resolved. The Company believes that, except for the items discussed below, for which the Company is currently unable to predict the final outcome, the disposition of matters currently pending will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

Beginning in 2006, the National Frequency Management Unit (now the Telecommunications Agency, or the “NFMU/TA”) and GTT have been engaged in discussions regarding the amount of and methodology for calculation of

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spectrum fees payable by GTT in Guyana. Since that time, GTT has made payments of, undisputed spectrum fees as amounts invoiced by the NFMU, and to its successor, the Telecommunications Authority (“TA”). There have been limited further discussions on the subject of a revised spectrum fee methodology with the TA.

GTT has filed several lawsuits in the High Court of Guyana asserting that, despite its denials, Digicel is engaged in international bypass in violation of GTT’s exclusive license rights, the interconnection agreement between the parties, and the laws of Guyana. Digicel filed counterclaims alleging that GTT has violated the terms of the interconnection agreement and Guyana laws. These suits, filed in 2010 and 2012, are currently pending in the Court of Appeals in Guyana, however, the Company cannot accurately predict at this time when the consolidated suit will reach a court of final determination.

GTT is also involved in several legal claims regarding its tax filings with the Guyana Revenue Authority (the “GRA”) dating back to 1991 regarding the deductibility of intercompany advisory fees as well as other tax assessments. GTT has maintained that it has no unpaid corporation tax due to the GRA and that any liability GTT might be found to have with respect to the disputed tax assessments would be offset in part by the amounts claimed with respect to rights ATN has pursuant to its agreement with the government of Guyana. GTT’s position has been upheld by various High Court rulings made in its favor including most recently in December 2021, and while some matters have been appealed by the GRA, other matters remain pending for determination by the High Court.

In February 2020, the Company’s Alaska Communications subsidiary received a draft audit report from USAC in connection with USAC’s inquiry into Alaska Communications’ funding requests under the Rural Health Care Support Program for certain customers for the time period of July 2012 through June 2017. The draft audit report alleges violations of the FCC’s rules for establishing rural rates and urban rates, the provisioning and billing of ineligible services and products, and violations of the FCC’s competitive bidding rules. Alaska Communications has provided USAC with extensive comments in response to its draft audit report seeking correction of numerous factual and legal errors that it believed it had identified. As a result of these conversations and comments being submitted by Alaska Communications, USAC’s auditors may revise their findings, including the amounts they recommend USAC seek to recover. USAC’s auditors are expected to issue a final audit report incorporating Alaska Communications’ responses that will be sent to USAC’s Rural Health Care Division to review and determine if corrective action would be appropriate. In the event that the Company disagrees with USAC’s final audit report, the Company can appeal that decision to USAC’s Rural Health Care Division and/or the FCC. At this time, the Company cannot predict the contents or timing of the final USAC audit report, the outcome of the audit or the impact on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity and may require certain undertakings in addition to any proposed financial settlement.

Alaska Communications also received a Letter of Inquiry on March 18, 2018, and subsequent follow up information requests, from the FCC Enforcement Bureau requesting historical information regarding Alaska Communications’ participation in the FCC’s Rural Health Care Support Program. The Company is engaged in discussions with the FCC’s Enforcement Bureau and will continue to work constructively to provide it the information it is seeking. Any adverse outcome with respect to the FCC Enforcement Bureau’s inquiry may have an adverse impact on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity and may require certain undertakings in addition to any proposed financial settlement.

With respect to all of the foregoing matters, the Company believes that some adverse outcome is probable and has accordingly accrued $15.8 million as of September 30, 2023 for these and other potential liabilities arising in various claims, legal actions and regulatory proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company also faces contingencies that are reasonably possible to occur that cannot currently be estimated. It is the Company’s policy to expense costs associated with loss contingencies, including any related legal fees, as they are incurred.

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15. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

In October 2023, the Company entered a two-year, forward starting 1-month floating fixed SOFR interest rate swap agreement. The swap becomes effective on November 13, 2023 in a notional amount of $50.0 million, has a fixed SOFR rate of 4.896% and matures on November 13, 2025.

In November 2023, Alaska Communications entered two forward starting 1-month floating to fixed SOFR interest rate swap agreements. The total notional amount of the agreements is $200.0 million, with fixed SOFR rates of 4.8695% and 4.8980% and both agreements mature on November 7, 2025.

​

Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview

We provide digital infrastructure and communications services in the United States and internationally, including in the Caribbean region, with a focus on smaller markets, many of which are rural or remote, with a growing demand for infrastructure investments. Through our operating subsidiaries, we primarily provide: (i) carrier and enterprise communications services, such as terrestrial and submarine fiber optic transport, and communications tower facilities; and (ii) fixed and mobile telecommunications connectivity to residential, business and government customers, including a range of high-speed internet and data services, fixed and mobile wireless solutions, and video and voice services.

At the holding company level, we oversee the allocation of capital within and among our subsidiaries, affiliates, new investments, and stockholders. We have developed significant operational expertise and resources that we use to augment the capabilities of our individual operating subsidiaries in our local markets. We have built a platform of resources and expertise to support our operating subsidiaries and to improve their quality of service with greater economies of scale and expertise than would typically be available at the operating subsidiary level. We provide management, technical, financial, regulatory, and marketing services to our operating subsidiaries and typically receive a management fee calculated as a percentage of their revenues, which is eliminated in consolidation. We also actively evaluate potential acquisitions, investment opportunities and other strategic transactions, both domestic and international, and generally look for those that we believe fit our profile of telecommunications businesses and have the potential to complement our “glass and steel” and “first to fiber” approach in markets while generating steady excess cash flows over extended periods of time. We use the cash generated from our operations to re-invest in organic growth in our existing businesses, to make strategic investments in additional businesses, and to return cash to our investors through dividends or stock repurchases.

For further information about our financial segments and geographical information about our operating revenues and assets, see Notes 1 and 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report.

As of September 30, 2023, we offer the following types of services to our customers:

| ● | Mobility Telecommunications Services. We offer mobile communications services over our wireless networks and related equipment, such as handsets, to both our business and consumer customers. |

​

| ● | Fixed Telecommunications Services. We provide fixed data and voice telecommunications services to business and consumer customers. These services include consumer broadband and high-speed data solutions for businesses. For some markets, fixed services also include video services and revenue derived from support under certain government programs. |

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| ● | Carrier Telecommunication Services. We deliver services to other telecommunications providers, including the leasing of critical network infrastructure, such as tower and transport facilities, wholesale roaming, site maintenance and international long-distance services. |

​

| ● | Managed Services. We provide information technology services such as network, application, infrastructure and hosting services to both our business and consumer customers to complement our fixed services in our existing markets.

​

We have two operating segments to manage and review our operations and to facilitate investor presentations of our results. These two operating segments are as follows:

​

| ● | International Telecom. In our international markets, we offer fixed services, mobility services, carrier services and managed services to customers in Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Guyana and the US Virgin Islands.

​

| ● | US Telecom. In the United States, we offer mobility services, fixed services, carrier services, and managed services to business and consumer customers in Alaska and the western United States. |

​

The following chart summarizes the operating activities of our principal subsidiaries, the segments in which we report our revenue and the markets we served as of September 30, 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Segment |  | Services |  | Markets |  | Tradenames
International Telecom |  | Mobility Services |  | Bermuda, Guyana, US Virgin Islands |  | One, GTT, Viya
​ | ​ | Fixed Services |  | Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Guyana, US Virgin Islands |  | One, Logic, GTT, Viya
​ | ​ | Carrier Services | ​ | Bermuda, Guyana, US Virgin Islands | ​ | One, GTT, Viya, Logic
​ | ​ | Managed Services | ​ | Bermuda, Cayman Islands, US Virgin Islands, Guyana | ​ | Fireminds, One, Logic, GTT, Viya
US Telecom |  | Mobility Services |  | United States (rural markets) |  | Choice NTUA Wireless
​ | ​ | Fixed Services | ​ | United States |  | Alaska Communications, Commnet Broadband, Choice NTUA Wireless, Sacred Wind Communications, Ethos
​ | ​ | Carrier Services | ​ | United States | ​ | Alaska Communications, Commnet, Essextel, Sacred Wind Communications
​ |  | Managed Services |  | United States |  | Alaska Communications, Fireminds

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Acquisition of Sacred Wind Enterprises

On November 7, 2022, we, via our newly formed wholly owned subsidiary Alloy, Inc. (“Alloy”), acquired all of the issued and outstanding stock of Sacred Wind Enterprises, Inc. (“Sacred Wind”), a rural telecommunications provider in New Mexico (the “Sacred Wind Transaction”) for $44.6 million of consideration. The purchase price allocation was finalized during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. As part of the Sacred Wind Transaction, we transferred consideration of $16.7 million of cash, net of $9.4 million of cash acquired, $14.8 million of redeemable noncontrolling interests, and $3.7 million of contingent consideration. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we received $1.3 million as final settlement of working capital amounts. Upon completion of the Sacred Wind Transaction, the former Sacred Wind shareholders own 6% of the Alloy equity. This equity is classified as redeemable noncontrolling interests in our financial statements because the holders have an option, beginning in 2026, to put the equity interest to a subsidiary of the Company at the then fair market value. The redeemable noncontrolling interests do not have preference relative to other equity units and participate in gains and losses in Alloy. The contingent consideration is earned based on certain operating metrics of Sacred Wind beginning in 2025 through 2027. The fair value of the contingent consideration was calculated using discounted cash flow analysis based on a range of probability weighted outcomes. We funded the acquisition with borrowing under our CoBank Credit Facility and assumed $31.6 million of Sacred Wind debt, to the United States of America administered through the Rural Utilities Service.

We believe that the acquisition of Sacred Wind will expand our infrastructure reach and broadband services in the rural Southwest and increase our wholesale carrier, residential and business broadband services.

FirstNet Agreement

In July 2019, we entered into a Network Build and Maintenance Agreement with AT&T Mobility, LLC (“AT&T”) that we amended in August 2020, May 2021 and August 2022 (the “FirstNet Agreement”). In connection with the FirstNet Agreement, we are building a portion of AT&T’s network for the First Responder Network Authority (“FirstNet”) in or near our current operating areas in the Western United States. Pursuant to the FirstNet Agreement and subject to certain limitations contained therein, all cell sites must be completed and accepted within a specified period of time. We expect that total construction revenue related to FirstNet will approximate $80 million to $85 million. During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we recorded $2.0 million and $3.3 million in construction revenue, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we recorded $3.6 million and $8.6 million in construction revenue, respectively. Revenues from construction are expected to have minimal impact on operating income. We expect to substantially complete the build by the end of 2024 with the remainder to be completed in early 2025.

Following acceptance of a cell site, AT&T will own the cell site and we will assign to AT&T any third-party tower lease applicable to such cell site. If the cell site is located on a communications tower we own, AT&T will pay us pursuant to a separate lease agreement for an initial term of eight years. In addition to building the network, we will provide ongoing equipment and site maintenance and high-capacity transport to and from these cell sites for an initial term ending in 2029.

AT&T will continue to use our wholesale domestic mobility network for roaming services at a fixed rate per site during the construction period until such time as the cell site is transferred to AT&T. Thereafter, revenue from the maintenance, leasing and transport services provided to AT&T is expected to generally offset revenue from wholesale mobility roaming services. We are currently receiving revenue from the FirstNet Transaction and expect overall operating income contributions from the FirstNet Transaction to have a relatively steady impact going forward.

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Verizon Carrier Managed Services Agreement

On May 10, 2023, our subsidiary, Commnet, entered into a Carrier Managed Services Master Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Cellco Partnership d/b/a Verizon Wireless (“Verizon”), pursuant to which Commnet will provide a variety of network, infrastructure and technical services that will help deliver next generation wireless services to Verizon’s subscribers in Commnet’s current operating area in the southwestern United States.

Pursuant to the Agreement and subject to certain limitations contained therein, Commnet will upgrade its wireless service in specific areas and provide services to Verizon for an initial seven year term (the “Commitment Period”). The Commitment Period will automatically renew for up to two additional three year periods, unless Verizon provides no less than twelve months’ notice on non-renewal prior to the expiration of the then-current term.

In connection with the Agreement, Commnet has also agreed to provide Verizon with high capacity transport in its coverage area. Verizon will continue to use Commnet’s wireless communications network for roaming services at a fixed rate per site during the build period until such time as upgrades to the network to meet certain performance service level agreements for both RAN operations and transport are met. Verizon will pay Commnet an aggregate of approximately $200 million for services over the term of the Agreement.

The Agreement may be terminated at any time upon the mutual written consent of Commnet and Verizon. In addition, Verizon may terminate the Agreement upon the occurrence of certain events, including failure to meet certain milestones or completion dates with respect to network coverage, failure to meet certain SLAs with respect to the ongoing services, the declaration of a bankruptcy event by Commnet and breach of any other material terms of the Agreement.

Universal Service Fund and Connect America Fund Phase II Programs

We recognize revenue from several government funded programs including the USF, a subsidy program managed by the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”), the Alaska Universal Service Fund (“AUSF”), a similar program managed by the Regulatory Commission of Alaska (the “RCA”), and the Emergency Connectivity Fund (“ECF”), a program to help schools and libraries support remote learning in underserved communities. USF funds are disbursed to telecommunication providers through four programs: the High Cost Program; the Low Income Program (“Lifeline Program”); the Schools and Libraries Program (“E-Rate Program”); and the Rural Health Care Support Program.

We also recognize revenue from the Connect America Fund Phase II program (“CAF II”) which offers subsidies to carriers to expand broadband coverage in designated areas. Under CAF II, our US Telecom segment will receive an aggregate of $27.7 million annually through December 2025 and an aggregate of $8.0 million annually from January 2026 through July 2028.

All of the programs are subject to certain operational and reporting compliance requirements. We believe we are in compliance with these requirements as of September 30, 2023.

In 2018, the FCC initiated a proceeding to replace the High Cost Program support received by Viya in the US Virgin Islands with a new Connect USVI Fund. On November 16, 2020, the FCC announced that Viya was not the recipient of the Connect USVI Fund award and authorized funding to be issued to the new awardee in September 2021. Pursuant to the terms of the program and effective in July 2021, Viya’s annual USF support was reduced from $16.4 million to $10.9 million. In July 2022, this support was reduced again to $5.5 million for the annual period through September 2023. In April of 2023, the FCC issued an order extending the high cost support in the US Virgin Islands at the current $5.5 million per year received from July 2023 through December 31, 2025. In connection with this order, the FCC requires that we maintain our current footprint for voice and broadband services in the US Virgin Islands.

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RDOF (“Rural Digital Opportunities Fund”)

We expect to receive approximately $22.7 million over 10 years to provide broadband and voice coverage to over 10,000 households in the United States (not including Alaska) under the 2020 Rural Digital Opportunity Fund Phase I Auction (“RDOF”). During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we recorded $0.6 million and $0.5 million of revenue from the RDOF program, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we recorded $1.8 million and $1.4 million, of revenue from the RDOF program, respectively.

Construction Grants

We have also been awarded construction grants to build network connectivity for eligible communities. The funding of these grants, used to reimburse us for our construction costs, is generally distributed upon completion of a project. Completion deadlines begin in September 2023 and once these projects are constructed, we are obligated to provide service to the participants. We expect to meet all requirements associated with these grants, with the exception of grants we have transferred to third parties, as described below. A roll forward of our grant awards is below (in thousands).

​ | ​ | ​
​ | Amount
Grants awarded, December 31, 2022 | $ | 80,197
New grants | ​ | 34,821
Construction complete | ​ | (7,725)
Transferred grants | ​ | (6,269)
Grants awarded, September 30, 2023 | $ | 101,024

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we disbursed capital expenditures of $12.4 million under these programs and received reimbursement of $14.6 million. These cash flows are classified as investing activities in our statement of cash flows.

In addition, we partner with tribal governments to obtain grants under various government programs including the Tribal Broadband Connectivity Program ("TBCP") and the Rural Development Broadband ReConnect Program (“ReConnect”). The TBCP and ReConnect programs are administered by United States government agencies to deploy broadband connectivity in certain underserved areas. We were identified as a sub recipient of TBCP grants totaling $188.6 million, but have not yet received any funding as of September 30, 2023.

Replace and Remove Program

On July 15, 2022, we were notified that we were an approved participant in the Federal Communication Commission’s Secure and Trusted Communications Networks Reimbursement Program (the “Replace and Remove Program”), designed to reimburse providers of communications services for reasonable costs incurred in the required removal, replacement, and disposal of covered communications equipment or services, that have been deemed to pose a national security risk, from their networks. Pursuant to the Replace and Remove Program, we were allocated up to approximately $207 million in reimbursement amounts to cover documented and approved costs to remove and securely destroy all prohibited communications equipment and services in our U.S. networks and replace such equipment. The Replace and Remove Program requires that we complete the project no later than one year from submitting our initial reimbursement request, or by July 2024. At this time, we anticipate that we will be able to meet the deadlines and requirements of the program. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we incurred capital expenditures related to this project of $27.1 million and $1.6 million, respectively. At September 30, 2023, $25.3 million was accrued. We have a receivable of $36.6 million, including operation costs and capital expenditures, at September 30, 2023, which is expected to be reimbursed within the next twelve months. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 we received $2.6 million of reimbursement under the program, of which $1.1 million was classified as operating cash inflows and $1.5 million was classified as investing cash inflows in our statement of cash flows.

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Selected Segment Financial Information

​

The following represents selected segment information for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | International | ​ | US | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | Consolidated
Revenue | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Communication Services | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Mobility - Business | ​ | $ | 3,818 | ​ | $ | 128 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 3,946
Mobility - Consumer | ​ | ​ | 23,973 | ​ | ​ | 817 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 24,790
Total Mobility | ​ | ​ | 27,791 | ​ | ​ | 945 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 28,736
Fixed - Business | ​ | ​ | 18,016 | ​ | ​ | 35,680 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 53,696
Fixed - Consumer | ​ | ​ | 41,967 | ​ | ​ | 22,662 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 64,629
Total Fixed | ​ |  | 59,983 | ​ |  | 58,342 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 118,325
Carrier Services | ​ | ​ | 3,441 | ​ | ​ | 32,319 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 35,760
Other | ​ |  | 1,236 | ​ |  | 544 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,780
Total Communication Services Revenue | ​ | ​ | 92,451 | ​ | ​ | 92,150 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 184,601
Construction | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 2,038 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 2,038
Other | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Managed Services | ​ | ​ | 1,427 | ​ | ​ | 2,970 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4,397
Total Other Revenue | ​ | ​ | 1,427 | ​ | ​ | 2,970 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4,397
Total Revenue | ​ | ​ | 93,878 | ​ | ​ | 97,158 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 191,036
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating income (loss) | ​ |  | 12,800 | ​ |  | 3,017 | ​ |  | (8,981) | ​ |  | 6,836

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​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | International | ​ | US | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | Consolidated
Revenue | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Communication Services | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Mobility - Business | ​ | $ | 3,706 | ​ | $ | 298 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 4,004
Mobility - Consumer | ​ | ​ | 22,776 | ​ | ​ | 2,058 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 24,834
Total Mobility | ​ | ​ | 26,482 | ​ | ​ | 2,356 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 28,838
Fixed - Business | ​ | ​ | 18,578 | ​ | ​ | 32,509 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 51,087
Fixed - Consumer | ​ | ​ | 39,989 | ​ | ​ | 19,143 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 59,132
Total Fixed | ​ |  | 58,567 | ​ |  | 51,652 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 110,219
Carrier Services | ​ | ​ | 3,220 | ​ | ​ | 31,360 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 34,580
Other | ​ |  | 340 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 340
Total Communication Services Revenue | ​ | ​ | 88,609 | ​ | ​ | 85,368 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 173,977
Construction | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,332 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,332
Other | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Managed Services | ​ | ​ | 1,398 | ​ | ​ | 3,506 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4,904
Total Other Revenue | ​ | ​ | 1,398 | ​ | ​ | 3,506 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4,904
Total Revenue | ​ | ​ | 90,007 | ​ | ​ | 92,206 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 182,213
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating income (loss) | ​ |  | 13,360 | ​ |  | 716 | ​ |  | (12,637) | ​ |  | 1,439

(1) Reconciling items refer to corporate overhead costs and consolidating adjustments.

A comparison of our segment results for the three months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022 is as follows:

International Telecom. Revenues within our International Telecom segment increased $3.9 million, or 4.3%, to $93.9 million from $90.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as a result of growth in Mobility, Fixed, Carrier Services, and other communications services revenues. Network upgrades and expansions, increased marketing activities and improved customer care led to an increase in mobile subscribers and revenues. Fixed subscriber and revenue growth resulted from an increase in the number of homes passed by high-speed data solutions which allowed us to migrate legacy copper customers to more high-speed data services. In addition, our Carrier Services revenue increased slightly in some of our markets as a result of increased roaming revenues due to increased international travel in those markets and other communications services revenues increased as a result of certain project related revenue being recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Operating expenses within our International Telecom segment increased by $4.5 million, or 5.9%, to $81.1 million from $76.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase was primarily the result of increases in retail and marketing personnel and program costs to support the expansion of our mobile and broadband customer bases and an increase in certain regulatory fees.

As a result, our International Telecom segment’s operating income decreased $0.6 million, or 4.5%, to $12.8 million from $13.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

US Telecom. Revenue within our US Telecom segment increased by $5.0 million, or 5.4%, to $97.2 million from $92.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Increases in revenues from business customers within our Alaska subsidiary and the impact of the Sacred Wind Transaction were partially offset by a reduction in construction revenue related to the FirstNet Transaction, a reduction in roaming revenue due to the

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restructuring of certain carrier contracts in our western United States operations, and a reduction in our wholesale long-distance service revenues.

Operating expenses within our US Telecom segment increased $2.6 million, or 2.8%, to $94.1 million from $91.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as a result of increases in expenses being incurred to support the increased revenues within our Alaska operations and the impact of the Sacred Wind Transaction partially offset by the decreases in FirstNet construction costs and in costs related to our wholesale long-distance business as a result of its decrease in revenues.

As a result of the above, our US Telecom segment’s operating income increased by $2.3 million to $3.0 million from income of $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The following represents a year over year discussion and analysis of our results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Amount of | ​ | Percent |
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | Increase | ​ | Increase |
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​ | (Decrease) | ​ | (Decrease) |
REVENUE: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​
Communication services | ​ | $ | 184,601 | ​ | $ | 173,977 | ​ | $ | 10,624 |  | 6.1 | %
Construction | ​ | ​ | 2,038 | ​ | ​ | 3,332 | ​ | ​ | (1,294) |  | (38.8) | ​
Other | ​ |  | 4,397 | ​ |  | 4,904 | ​ |  | (507) |  | (10.3) | ​
Total revenue | ​ |  | 191,036 | ​ |  | 182,213 | ​ |  | 8,823 |  | 4.8 | ​
OPERATING EXPENSES (excluding depreciation and amortization unless otherwise indicated): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cost of communications services and other | ​ |  | 80,367 | ​ |  | 78,949 | ​ |  | 1,418 |  | 1.8 | ​
Cost of construction revenue | ​ | ​ | 2,031 | ​ | ​ | 3,321 | ​ | ​ | (1,290) |  | (38.8) | ​
Selling, general and administrative | ​ |  | 60,792 | ​ |  | 56,387 | ​ |  | 4,405 |  | 7.8 | ​
Stock-based compensation | ​ | ​ | 1,956 | ​ | ​ | 1,669 | ​ | ​ | 287 | ​ | 17.2 | ​
Transaction-related charges | ​ | ​ | 45 | ​ |  | 3,416 | ​ |  | (3,371) |  | (98.7) | ​
Restructuring charges | ​ |  | 1,383 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,383 |  | 100.0 | ​
Depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | 34,370 | ​ |  | 33,312 | ​ |  | 1,058 |  | 3.2 | ​
Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions | ​ | ​ | 3,124 | ​ | ​ | 3,236 | ​ | ​ | (112) |  | (3.5) | ​
(Gain) Loss on disposition of long-lived assets | ​ | ​ | 132 | ​ | ​ | 484 | ​ | ​ | (352) |  | (72.7) | ​
Total operating expenses | ​ |  | 184,200 | ​ |  | 180,774 | ​ |  | 3,426 |  | 1.9 | ​
Income from operations | ​ |  | 6,836 | ​ |  | 1,439 | ​ |  | 5,397 |  | 375.1 | ​
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest income | ​ |  | 136 | ​ |  | 38 | ​ |  | 98 |  | 257.9 | ​
Interest expense | ​ | ​ | (11,445) | ​ | ​ | (5,513) | ​ | ​ | (5,932) |  | 107.6 | ​
Other income | ​ |  | 213 | ​ |  | 1,904 | ​ |  | (1,691) |  | (88.8) | ​
Other income (expense), net | ​ |  | (11,096) | ​ |  | (3,571) | ​ |  | (7,525) |  | 210.7 | ​
LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAXES | ​ |  | (4,260) | ​ |  | (2,132) | ​ |  | (2,128) |  | 99.8 | ​
Income tax benefit | ​ |  | (542) | ​ |  | (360) | ​ |  | (182) |  | 50.6 | ​
NET LOSS | ​ |  | (3,718) | ​ |  | (1,772) | ​ |  | (1,946) |  | 109.8 | ​
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax: | ​ |  | 134 | ​ |  | (1,011) | ​ |  | 1,145 |  | (113.3) | ​
NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. STOCKHOLDERS | ​ | $ | (3,584) | ​ | $ | (2,783) | ​ | $ | (801) |  | 28.8 | %

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Communications Services Revenue

Mobility Revenue. Our Mobility revenue consists of retail revenue generated within both our International Telecom and US Telecom segments by providing retail mobile voice and data services over our wireless networks as well as through the sale and repair services of related equipment, such as handsets and other accessories, to our retail subscribers.

Mobility revenue decreased by $0.1 million, or 0.3%, to $28.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $28.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Mobility revenue from both business and consumer customers for the three months ended September 30, 2023 declined slightly as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022.

The decrease in Mobility revenue, within our segments, consisted of the following:

| ● | International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, Mobility revenue increased by $1.3 million, or 4.9%, to $27.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $26.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in Mobility revenue within this segment was recognized in all of our international markets and was attributable to an increase in revenue from consumers as a result of improved customer care, marketing strategies and network upgrades and expansions which led to an increase in subscribers.

​

| ● | US Telecom. Mobility revenue within our US Telecom segment decreased by $1.5 million, or 62.5%, to $0.9 million from $2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Substantially all of the decrease related to a decrease in consumer subscribers within our retail operations.

Mobility revenue within our International Telecom segment may increase as a result of our marketing efforts to increase the number of our subscribers. However, increased competition may limit revenue growth from mobility services. We expect that Mobility revenue within our US Telecom segment will decrease over time as we put more emphasis on other revenue sources within that segment.

Fixed Revenue. Fixed revenue is primarily generated by broadband, voice, and video service revenues provided to retail and business customers over our wireline networks. Fixed revenue within our US Telecom segment also includes awards from the Connect America Fund Phase II program in the western United States and Alaska, as well as revenue from the Alaska Universal Service Fund. Within our International Telecom segment, Fixed revenue also includes funding under the FCC’s High Cost Program in the US Virgin Islands.

Fixed revenue increased by $8.1 million, or 7.4%, to $118.3 million from $110.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Of this increase, $2.6 million and $5.5 million relate to increases in revenue from business and consumer customers, respectively. The increase in Fixed revenue, within our segments, consisted of the following:

| ● | International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, Fixed revenue increased by $1.4 million, or 2.4%, to $60.0 million from $58.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Network upgrades and expansions, increased marketing activities and improved customer care led to an increase in fixed subscribers and revenues. Fixed subscriber growth resulted from an increase in the number of homes passed by high-speed data solutions which allowed us to migrate legacy copper customers to more high-speed data services.

​

| ● | US Telecom. Fixed revenue within our US Telecom segment increased by $6.6 million, or 12.8%, to $58.3 million from $51.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This increase was primarily related to an increase in revenue from business customers and Covid-19 related

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|  | Emergency Connectivity Fund revenue in Alaska, the revenue impact of the Sacred Wind Transaction, and increases from our western United States operations.

Fixed revenue within our International Telecom segment may continue to increase as a result of an increase in demand for broadband and other data services from consumers, businesses and government, driven by such trends as the popularity of video and audio streaming, demand for cloud services and smart home, business and city solutions as well as macro-economic and population growth in places like the Cayman Islands and Guyana. However, such increases may be offset by a decrease in demand for our video services due to subscribers using alternative methods to receive video content.

Within our US Telecom segment, Fixed revenue is expected to decrease as the Covid-19 related Emergency Connectivity Fund programs cease in Alaska. These decreases are expected to be partially offset by increases in other enterprise revenue in Alaska and our western United States operations, including the impact of the Sacred Wind Transaction, as we further deploy broadband access to both consumers and businesses.

Carrier Services Revenue. Carrier Services revenue is generated by both our International Telecom and US Telecom segments. Within our International Telecom segment, Carrier Services revenue includes international long-distance services, roaming revenues generated by other carriers’ customers roaming into our retail markets, transport services and access services provided to other telecommunications carriers. Within our US Telecom segment, Carrier Services revenue includes services provided under the FirstNet Transaction, wholesale roaming revenues, the provision of network switching services, tower lease revenue and other services provided to other carriers.

Carrier Services revenue increased by $1.2 million, or 3.5%, to $35.8 million from $34.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase, within our segments, consisted of the following:

| ● | International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, Carrier Services revenue increased by $0.2 million, or 6.3%, to $3.4 million from $3.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as a result of an increase in roaming revenues due to increased international travel.

​

| ● | US Telecom. Carrier Services revenue within our US Telecom segment increased by $0.9 million, or 2.9%, to $32.3 million from $31.4 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily driven by the Sacred Wind Transaction and an increase in these revenues from our Alaska operations. Partially offsetting these increases was a decline in revenue from our wholesale long-distance voice services business.

Within our International Telecom segment, Carrier Services revenue may continue to increase if international travel continues to increase. However, within our International Telecom segment, Carrier Services revenue from our international long distance business in Guyana may decrease as consumers seek to use alternative technology services to place long-distance calls.

Within our US Telecom segment, Carrier Services revenue may increase as a result of recent carrier service management contracts and expected growth in offered services.

Other Communications Services Revenue. Other Communications Services revenue includes miscellaneous services that the operations within our International Telecom segment provide to retail subscribers. Other Communications Services revenue increased to $1.8 million from $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as a result of certain project-related revenue being recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2023.

We expect that other communications services revenue will decline to previously reported levels as the project-related revenue, reported during the three months ended September 30, 2023, is not expected to continue.

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Construction Revenue

Construction revenue represents revenue generated within our US Telecom segment for the construction of network cell sites related to the FirstNet Agreement. During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, Construction revenue decreased to $2.0 million from $3.3 million, respectively, as a result of a decrease in the number of sites completed during 2023 as compared to 2022. We expect to substantially complete the build by the end of 2024 with the remainder to be completed in early 2025.

Other Revenue

Managed Services Revenue. Managed Services revenue is generated within both our International and US Telecom segments and includes network, application, infrastructure, and hosting services. Managed Services revenue decreased by $0.5 million, or 10.2%, to $4.4 million from $4.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

International Telecom. Managed Services revenue in our International Telecom segment remained consistent at $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

US Telecom. Within our US Telecom segment, Managed Services revenue decreased $0.5 million, or 14.3%, to $3.0 million from $3.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Managed Services revenue may increase in both our US and International Telecom segments as a result of our continued effort to sell certain Managed Services solutions to both our consumer and business customers in all of our markets.

Operating Expenses

Cost of communication services and other. Cost of communication services and other are charges that we incur for voice and data transport circuits (in particular, the circuits between our Mobility sites and our switches), internet capacity, video programming costs, access fees we pay to terminate our calls, telecommunication spectrum fees and direct costs associated within our managed services businesses. These costs also include expenses associated with developing, operating, upgrading and supporting our telecommunications networks, including the salaries and benefits paid to employees directly involved in the development and operation of those businesses, as well as credit loss allowances and the cost of handsets and customer resale equipment incurred by our retail businesses.

Cost of communication services and other increased by $1.5 million, or 1.9%, to $80.4 million from $78.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in cost of communication services and other, within our segments, consisted of the following:

| ● | International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, cost of communication services and other increased by $1.8 million, or 5.1%, to $37.4 million from $35.6 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This increase was the result of an increase in regulatory costs in certain markets partially offset by decreases in equipment expenses.

​

| ● | US Telecom. Cost of communication services and other within our US Telecom segment remained consistent at $43.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. Increases in these costs within our Alaska operations to support revenue growth and the Emergency Connectivity Fund revenue as well as the impact of the Sacred Wind Transaction were offset by reductions in our wholesale long-distance voice services business as a result of decreases in that operation’s revenues.

Cost of communication services in both our International and US Telecom segments may increase in connection with our expected increase in fixed revenue and as a result of continued inflationary pressure.

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Cost of construction revenue. Cost of construction revenue includes the expenses incurred in connection with the construction of and the delivery to AT&T of cell sites in accordance with our FirstNet Agreement. During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, cost of construction revenue decreased to $2.0 million from $3.3 million as a result of a decrease in the number of sites completed during 2023 as compared to 2022. We expect to substantially complete the build by the end of 2024 with the remainder to be completed in early 2025.

Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses include salaries and benefits we pay to sales personnel, customer service expenses and the costs associated with the development and implementation of our promotional and marketing campaigns. Selling, general and administrative expenses also include salaries, benefits and related costs for general corporate functions including executive management, finance and administration, legal and regulatory, facilities, information technology and human resources as well as internal costs associated with our performance of due-diligence and integration related costs associated with acquisition activities.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $4.4 million, or 7.8%, to $60.8 million from $56.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The net increase in selling, general and administrative expenses, within our segments, consisted of the following:

| ● | International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, our selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $2.5 million, or 9.4%, to $29.0 million from $26.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This increase was incurred within all of our international markets primarily as a result of an increase in our sales and marketing costs needed to support the expansion of our subscriber base, as well as increased professional fees. ​

| ● | US Telecom. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased within our US Telecom segment by $1.5 million, or 6.4%, to $25.0 million from $23.5 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This increase was primarily related to expenses to support the operations from the Sacred Wind Transaction and an increase in these costs within our Alaska operations which helped drive the increase in that operation’s revenues. ​

| ● | Corporate Overhead. Selling, general and administrative expenses within our corporate overhead increased by $0.5 million, or 7.8%, to $6.9 million from $6.4 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as a result of an increase in professional fees incurred.

Selling, general and administrative expenses may increase in our international telecom segment to support our expanded operations. Within the US Telecom segment, we expect an increase in these costs as a result of the Sacred Wind Transaction, our commitments under the Cares Act funding and other network expansions in Alaska and the southwest US. Our Corporate Overhead segment may also experience an increase in these expenses to support our recent acquisitions and expanding operations. In addition, selling, general, and administrative expenses may increase as a result of continued inflationary pressure, issues facing the global supply chain and geopolitical uncertainty.

Stock-based compensation. Stock-based compensation represents a non-cash expense related to the amortization of grants of equity awards to employees and directors.

Stock-based compensation for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $2.0 million and $1.7 million, respectively.

Transaction-related charges. Transaction-related charges include the external costs, such as legal, tax, accounting and consulting fees directly associated with acquisition and disposition-related activities, which are expensed as incurred. Transaction-related charges also include certain internal personnel costs incurred as a result of the completion of an acquisition or disposition. Transaction-related charges do not include employee salary and travel-related expenses, incurred in connection with acquisitions or dispositions or any integration-related costs.

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We incurred a nominal amount and $3.4 million of transaction-related charges during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Restructuring expenses. In order to reduce our US Telecom’s cost structure to an optimal level needed to support the segment’s operations going forward, we incurred certain network termination and reduction in force costs totaling $1.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023.

We expect to incur additional restructuring expenses within our US Telecom segment during the fourth quarter of 2023 but do not anticipate any further restructuring costs in subsequent periods.

Depreciation and amortization expenses. Depreciation and amortization expenses represent the depreciation and amortization charges we record on our property and equipment.

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased by $1.1 million, or 3.3%, to $34.4 million from $33.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The net increase in depreciation and amortization expenses, within our segments, consisted primarily of the following:

| ● | International Telecom. Depreciation and amortization expenses increased within our International Telecom segment by $0.3 million, or 2.1%, to $14.4 million from $14.1 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as a result of certain assets becoming fully depreciated in recent periods.

​

| ● | US Telecom. Depreciation and amortization expenses increased within our US Telecom segment by $1.1 million, or 6.0%, to $19.4 million from $18.3 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily as a result of the impact of the Sacred Wind Transaction, which was completed in November 2022, and the depreciation expense recorded on recent capital expenditures.

​

| ● | Corporate Overhead. Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased within our corporate overhead by $0.2 million, or 33.3%, to $0.6 million from $0.8 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily as a result of certain assets becoming fully depreciated in recent periods.

We expect depreciation and amortization expense to increase within our International Telecom and US Telecom segments as we acquire tangible assets to expand or upgrade our telecommunications networks.

Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions. Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions include the amortization of customer relationships and trade names related to our completed acquisitions.

Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions decreased by $0.1 million to $3.1 million from $3.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

We expect that amortization of intangibles from acquisitions will decrease as such costs continue to amortize.

Loss on disposition of long-lived assets. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded a loss on the disposition of long-lived assets of $0.2 million within our US Telecom segment.

During the three months ended September 30, 2022, we recorded a $0.5 million loss on the disposal of certain assets, primarily within our Renewable Energy segment, related to the final settlement of the Vibrant Transaction.

Interest income. Interest income represents interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investment balances. Interest income was a nominal amount for both the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

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Interest expense. We incur interest expense on the 2023 CoBank Credit Facility, the Alaska Credit and Term Facilities, the Viya Debt, the One Communications Debt and the Receivables Credit Facility. Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023 also includes interest expense on the Sacred Wind Term Debt and the GTT Credit Facilities (each as defined below). Previously, we also incurred interest expense on the One Communications Debt, which matured on December 22, 2022. In addition, interest expense includes commitment fees, letter of credit fees and the amortization of debt issuance costs.

Interest expense increased to $11.4 million from $5.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as additional interest expense was incurred as a result an increase in borrowings under our credit facilities, the inclusion of Sacred Wind Term Debt and the GTT Credit Facilities in 2023, and an increase in interest rates on all floating-rate borrowings.

Interest expense may increase in future periods as a result of increased interest rates and borrowings.

Other income (expenses). For the three months ended September 30, 2023, other income (expenses) was $0.2 million of income primarily related to gains from our noncontrolling investments.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, other income (expenses) was $1.9 million of income primarily related to gains from our noncontrolling investments partially offset by losses on foreign currency transactions.

Income taxes. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was 12.7% and 16.9 % respectively.

​

We recorded an income tax benefit of $0.5 million in relation to a pre-tax loss of $4.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily impacted by the following items (i) the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which we operate, (ii) net expense related to valuation allowances placed on certain deferred tax assets that are not expected to be realizable based on the weight of positive and negative evidence and (iii) discrete items including $0.7 million expense for interest on unrecognized tax positions.

​

We recorded an income tax benefit of $0.4 million in relation to a pretax loss of $2.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily impacted by the following items (i) the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which we operate and (ii) discrete items including $0.9 million of expense for interest on unrecognized tax positions.

Our effective tax rate is based upon estimated income before provision for income taxes for the year, composition of the income in different countries, and adjustments, if any, in the applicable quarterly periods for potential tax consequences, benefits and/or resolutions of tax contingencies. Our consolidated tax rate will continue to be impacted by any transactional or one-time items in the future and the mix of income in any given year generated among the jurisdictions in which we operate. While we believe we have adequately provided for all tax positions, amounts asserted by taxing authorities could materially differ from our accrued positions as a result of uncertain and complex applications of tax law and regulations. Additionally, the recognition and measurement of certain tax benefits include estimates and judgments by management. Accordingly, we could record additional provisions or benefits for US federal, state, and foreign tax matters in future periods as new information becomes available.

Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax. Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax reflected an allocation of $0.1 million of losses and $1.0 million of income generated by our less than wholly owned subsidiaries for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Changes in net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax, within our segments, consisted of the following:

​

| ● | International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax decreased by $0.6 million, or 25.0%, to an allocation of $1.8 million of income from an allocation of $2.4 million of income for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022,

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|  | respectively, primarily as a result of decreased profitability at certain less than wholly owned subsidiaries within this segment.

​

| ● | US Telecom. Within our US Telecom segment, net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax increased by $0.5 million, or 35.7%, to an allocation of losses of $1.9 million from an allocation of losses of $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as a result of increased losses at our less than wholly owned subsidiaries within this segment.

Net loss attributable to ATN International, Inc. stockholders. Net loss attributable to ATN International, Inc. stockholders was $3.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $2.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022.

On a per share basis, net loss was $0.31 per share for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $0.25 per share for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Such per share amounts were negatively impacted by accrued preferred dividends of $1.3 million and $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

​

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Selected Segment Financial Information

​

The following represents selected segment information for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | International | ​ | US | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | Consolidated
Revenue | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Communication Services | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Mobility - Business | ​ | $ | 11,484 | ​ | $ | 415 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 11,899
Mobility - Consumer | ​ | ​ | 69,270 | ​ | ​ | 2,666 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 71,936
Total Mobility | ​ | ​ | 80,754 | ​ | ​ | 3,081 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 83,835
Fixed - Business | ​ | ​ | 52,602 | ​ | ​ | 107,494 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 160,096
Fixed - Consumer | ​ | ​ | 125,944 | ​ | ​ | 67,852 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 193,796
Total Fixed | ​ |  | 178,546 | ​ |  | 175,346 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 353,892
Carrier Services | ​ | ​ | 11,011 | ​ | ​ | 95,978 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 106,989
Other | ​ |  | 2,084 | ​ |  | 684 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 2,768
Total Communication Services Revenue | ​ | ​ | 272,395 | ​ | ​ | 275,089 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 547,484
Construction | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,648 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,648
Other | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Managed Services | ​ | ​ | 3,872 | ​ | ​ | 8,246 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 12,118
Total Other Revenue | ​ | ​ | 3,872 | ​ | ​ | 8,246 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 12,118
Total Revenue | ​ | ​ | 276,267 | ​ | ​ | 286,983 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 563,250
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating income (loss) | ​ |  | 41,177 | ​ |  | (3,719) | ​ |  | (27,547) | ​ |  | 9,911

​

​

​

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | International | ​ | US | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | Consolidated
Revenue | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Communication Services | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Mobility - Business | ​ | $ | 10,997 | ​ | $ | 973 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 11,970
Mobility - Consumer | ​ | ​ | 64,025 | ​ | ​ | 5,063 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 69,088
Total Mobility | ​ | ​ | 75,022 | ​ | ​ | 6,036 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 81,058
Fixed - Business | ​ | ​ | 52,827 | ​ | ​ | 91,521 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 144,348
Fixed - Consumer | ​ | ​ | 122,435 | ​ | ​ | 57,279 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 179,714
Total Fixed | ​ |  | 175,262 | ​ |  | 148,800 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 324,062
Carrier Services | ​ | ​ | 10,042 | ​ | ​ | 96,102 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 106,144
Other | ​ |  | 1,051 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,051
Total Communication Services Revenue | ​ | ​ | 261,377 | ​ | ​ | 250,938 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 512,315
Construction | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 8,615 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 8,615
Other | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Managed Services | ​ | ​ | 3,820 | ​ | ​ | 8,980 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 12,800
Total Other Revenue | ​ | ​ | 3,820 | ​ | ​ | 8,980 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 12,800
Total Revenue | ​ | ​ | 265,197 | ​ | ​ | 268,533 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 533,730
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating income (loss) | ​ |  | 36,889 | ​ | ​ | (4,199) | ​ | ​ | (29,418) | ​ | ​ | 3,272

(1) Reconciling items refer to corporate overhead costs and consolidating adjustments.

A comparison of our segment results for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022 is as follows:

International Telecom. Revenues within our International Telecom segment increased $11.1 million, or 4.2%, to $276.3 million from $265.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as a result of improved customer care, marketing strategies and network upgrades and expansions which led to an increase in mobile subscribers and equipment sales as well as fixed subscriber growth including an increase in the number of homes passed by high-speed data solutions which allowed us to migrate many legacy copper customers to more durable fiber services. In addition, we recognized growth in Carrier Services revenue as a result of increased roaming revenues due to an increase in international travel in some of our markets.

Operating expenses within our International Telecom segment increased by $6.8 million, or 3.0%, to $235.1 million from $228.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase was primarily the result of increases in retail and marketing personnel and program costs to support the expansion of our mobile and broadband customer bases and in certain regulatory fees.

As a result, our International Telecom segment’s operating income increased $4.3 million, or 11.7%, to $41.2 million from $36.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

US Telecom. Revenue within our US Telecom segment increased by $18.5 million, or 6.9%, to $287.0 million from $268.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Increases in revenue from business customers within our Alaska subsidiary and the impact of the Sacred Wind Transaction were partially offset by a reduction in construction revenue related to the FirstNet Transaction, reduction in roaming revenue due to the restructuring of certain carrier contracts in our western United States operations, and a reduction in our international long-distance service revenues.

Operating expenses within our US Telecom segment increased $18.0 million, or 6.6%, to $290.7 million from $272.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as a result of increases in expenses

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being incurred to support the increased revenues within our Alaska operations and the impact of the Sacred Wind Transaction partially offset by the decrease in FirstNet construction costs as fewer sites were completed in 2023 as compared to 2022 and a reduction in costs related to our wholesale long-distance business as a result of its decrease in revenues.

As a result of the above, our US Telecom segment’s operating loss decreased by $0.5 million, or 11.9%, to a loss of $3.7 million from a loss of $4.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The following represents a year over year discussion and analysis of our results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Nine Months Ended | ​ | Amount of | ​ | Percent |
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | Increase | ​ | Increase |
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​ | (Decrease) | ​ | (Decrease) |
​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
REVENUE: | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​
Communication services | ​ | $ | 547,484 | ​ | $ | 512,315 | ​ | $ | 35,169 |  | 6.9 | %
Construction | ​ | ​ | 3,648 | ​ | ​ | 8,615 | ​ | ​ | (4,967) |  | (57.7) | ​
Other | ​ |  | 12,118 | ​ |  | 12,800 | ​ |  | (682) |  | (5.3) | ​
Total revenue | ​ | ​ | 563,250 | ​ | ​ | 533,730 | ​ | ​ | 29,520 |  | 5.5 | ​
OPERATING EXPENSES (excluding depreciation and amortization unless otherwise indicated): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cost of communication services and other | ​ | ​ | 237,125 | ​ | ​ | 229,821 | ​ | ​ | 7,304 |  | 3.2 | ​
Cost of construction revenue | ​ | ​ | 3,635 | ​ | ​ | 8,640 | ​ | ​ | (5,005) | ​ | (57.9) | ​
Selling, general and administrative | ​ | ​ | 184,055 | ​ | ​ | 167,879 | ​ | ​ | 16,176 |  | 9.6 | ​
Stock-based compensation | ​ | ​ | 6,473 | ​ | ​ | 5,696 | ​ | ​ | 777 | ​ | 13.6 | ​
Transaction-related charges | ​ | ​ | 496 | ​ | ​ | 4,381 | ​ | ​ | (3,885) |  | (88.7) | ​
Restructuring charges | ​ | ​ | 4,640 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4,640 | ​ | 100.0 | ​
Depreciation and amortization | ​ | ​ | 106,991 | ​ | ​ | 100,421 | ​ | ​ | 6,570 |  | 6.5 | ​
Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions | ​ | ​ | 9,514 | ​ | ​ | 9,744 | ​ | ​ | (230) |  | (2.4) | ​
Loss on disposition of long-lived assets | ​ | ​ | 410 | ​ | ​ | 3,876 | ​ | ​ | (3,466) |  | (89.4) | ​
Total operating expenses | ​ | ​ | 553,339 | ​ | ​ | 530,458 | ​ | ​ | 22,881 |  | 4.3 | ​
Income (loss) from operations | ​ | ​ | 9,911 | ​ | ​ | 3,272 | ​ | ​ | 6,639 |  | 202.9 | ​
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest income | ​ | ​ | 362 | ​ | ​ | 41 | ​ | ​ | 321 |  | 782.9 | ​
Interest expense | ​ | ​ | (30,700) | ​ | ​ | (13,107) | ​ | ​ | (17,593) |  | 134.2 | ​
Other income | ​ | ​ | 2,623 | ​ | ​ | 3,379 | ​ | ​ | (756) |  | (22.4) | ​
Other expense, net | ​ | ​ | (27,715) | ​ | ​ | (9,687) | ​ | ​ | (18,028) |  | 186.1 | ​
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES | ​ |  | (17,804) | ​ |  | (6,415) | ​ |  | (11,389) |  | 177.5 | ​
Income tax benefit | ​ |  | (6,369) | ​ |  | (1,378) | ​ |  | (4,991) |  | 362.2 | ​
NET INCOME (LOSS) | ​ |  | (11,435) | ​ |  | (5,037) | ​ |  | (6,398) |  | 127.0 | ​
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax: | ​ |  | 2,733 | ​ |  | 782 | ​ |  | 1,951 |  | 249.5 | ​
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. STOCKHOLDERS | ​ | $ | (8,702) | ​ | $ | (4,255) | ​ | $ | (4,447) |  | 104.5 | %

Communications Services Revenue

Mobility Revenue. Mobility revenue increased by $2.7 million, or 3.3%, to $83.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $81.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Of this increase, Mobility revenue from consumer customers increased by $2.8 million, partially offset by a reduction in Mobility revenue from business customers of $0.1million.

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The increase in Mobility revenue, within our segments, consisted of the following:

| ● | International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, Mobility revenue increased by $5.8 million, or 7.7%, to $80.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $75.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in Mobility revenue within this segment was recognized in all of our international markets and was attributable to an increase in revenue from consumers as a result of improved retail and marketing strategies which led to an increase in subscribers and in equipment sales.

​

| ● | US Telecom. Mobility revenue within our US Telecom segment decreased by $2.9 million, or 48.3%, to $3.1 million from $6.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Substantially all of the decrease related to a decrease in revenue from consumers within our retail operations due to a decrease in subscribers as we continue to put more emphasis on other revenue sources within this segment.

Fixed Revenue. Fixed revenue increased by $29.8 million, or 9.2%, to $353.9 million from $324.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Of this increase, $15.7 million and $14.1 million relate to increases in revenue from business and consumer customers, respectively. The increase in Fixed revenue, within our segments, consisted of the following:

| ● | International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, Fixed revenue increased by $3.2 million, or 1.8%, to $178.5 million from $175.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This increase was a result of improved customer care, marketing strategies and network upgrades and expansions which led to an increase in subscribers and the number of homes passed by high-speed data solutions which allowed us to migrate many legacy copper customers to more durable fiber services.

​

| ● | US Telecom. Fixed revenue within our US Telecom segment increased by $26.5 million, or 17.8%, to $175.3 million from $148.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This increase was primarily related to an increase in revenue from business customers in Alaska and the revenue impact of the Sacred Wind Transaction.

Carrier Services Revenue. Carrier Services revenue increased by $0.9 million, or 0.8%, to $107.0 million from $106.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase, within our segments, consisted of the following:

| ● | International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, Carrier Services revenue increased by $1.0 million, or 10.0%, to $11.0 million, from $10.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as a result of an increase in international travel that resulted in an increase in roaming revenues.

​

| ● | US Telecom. Carrier Services revenue within our US Telecom segment decreased by $0.1 million, or 0.1%, to $96.0 million from $96.1 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This decrease reflects an increase from the Sacred Wind Transaction and an increase in these revenues from our Alaska operations, which were offset by a decline in revenue from our wholesale long-distance voice services business.

Other Communications Services Revenue. Other Communications Services revenue includes miscellaneous services that the operations within our International Telecom segment provide to retail subscribers. Other Communications Services revenue increased to $2.1 million from $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as a result of certain project-related revenue being recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2023.

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Construction Revenue

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, Construction revenue decreased to $3.6 million from $8.6 million, respectively, as a result of a decrease in the number of sites completed during 2023 as compared to 2022.

Other Revenue

Managed Services Revenue. Managed Services revenue decreased by $0.7 million, or 5.5%, to $12.1 million from $12.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

International Telecom. Managed Services revenue in our International Telecom segment increased by $0.1, or 2.6%, to $3.9 million from $3.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

US Telecom. Within our US Telecom segment, Managed Services revenue decreased $0.8 million, or 8.9%, to $8.2 million from $9.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Operating Expenses

Cost of communication services and other. Cost of communication services and other increased by $7.3 million, or 3.2%, to $237.1 million from $229.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The net increase in cost of communication services and other, within our segments, consisted of the following:

| ● | International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, cost of communication services and other increased by $1.4 million, or 1.3%, to $106.1 million from $104.7 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This increase was the result of increased regulatory costs in certain international markets partially offset by decreases in credit loss allowances and in equipment expenses.

​

| ● | US Telecom. Cost of communication services and other within our US Telecom segment increased by $5.9 million, or 4.7%, to $131.7 million from $125.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Such increase was primarily related to an increase in direct costs in Alaska to support revenue growth and the impact of the Sacred Wind Transaction. These increases were partially offset by reductions in our wholesale long-distance voice services business as a result of decreases in that operation’s revenues.

Cost of construction revenue. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, cost of construction revenue decreased to $3.6 million from $8.6 million as a result of a decrease in the number of sites completed during 2023 as compared to 2022.

Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $16.2 million, or 9.6%, to $184.1 million from $167.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The net increase in selling, general and administrative expenses, within our segments, consisted of the following:

| ● | International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, our selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $7.0 million, or 9.0%, to $85.1 million from $78.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This increase was incurred within all of our international markets primarily as a result of an increase in our sales and marketing costs needed to support the expansion of our subscriber base, as well as in increase in professional fees. ​

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| ● | US Telecom. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased within our US Telecom segment by $7.5 million, or 10.5%, to $79.2 million from $71.7 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This increase was primarily related to expenses to support the operations from the Sacred Wind Transaction and an increase in sales and marketing efforts and administrative costs in our Alaska operations which helped drive the increase in that operation’s revenues. ​

| ● | Corporate Overhead. Selling, general and administrative expenses within our corporate overhead increased by $1.7 million, or 9.4%, to $19.7 million from $18.0 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily related to the support needed for our recent acquisitions and expanded operations.

​

Stock-based compensation. Stock-based compensation for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $6.5 million and $5.7 million, respectively.

Transaction-related charges. We incurred $0.5 million and $4.4 million of transaction-related charges during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Restructuring expenses. In order to reduce our US Telecom’s cost structure to an optimal level needed to support the segment’s operations going forward, we incurred certain network termination and reduction in force costs totaling $4.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Depreciation and amortization expenses. Depreciation and amortization expenses increased by $6.6 million, or 6.6%, to $107.0 million from $100.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The net increase in depreciation and amortization expenses, within our segments, consisted primarily of the following:

| ● | International Telecom. Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased within our International Telecom segment by $0.5 million, or 1.2%, to $42.6 million from $43.1 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily as a result of certain assets becoming fully depreciated in recent periods.

​

| ● | US Telecom. Depreciation and amortization expenses increased within our US Telecom segment by $7.8 million, or 14.3%, to $62.3 million from $54.5 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily as a result of the impact of the Sacred Wind Transaction, which was completed in November 2022, and the depreciation expense recorded on recent capital expenditures.

​

| ● | Corporate Overhead. Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased within our corporate overhead by $0.8 million, or 28.6%, to $2.0 million from $2.8 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily as a result of certain assets becoming fully depreciated in recent periods.

Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions. Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions decreased by $0.2 million to $9.5 million from $9.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Loss on disposition of long-lived assets. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded a loss on the disposition of long-lived assets of $0.4 million within our US Telecom segment.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recorded a loss on the disposition of long-lived assets of $3.9 million. Of this amount, $2.1 million was incurred in our US Telecom segment relating to the disposal of certain assets while $1.0 million was incurred in our International Telecom segment as a result of the modification of agreements for the use of other certain assets while the remaining amount pertains to the final settlement of the Vibrant Transaction within our Renewable Energy segment.

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Interest income. Interest income was a nominal amount for both the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Interest expense. Interest expense increased to $30.7 million from $13.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as additional interest expense was incurred as a result an increase in borrowings under our credit facilities, the inclusion of Sacred Wind Term Debt and the GTT Credit Facilities in 2023, as well as an increase in interest rates on all floating-rate borrowings.

Other income. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, other income was $2.6 million of income primarily related to gains from our noncontrolling investments.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, other income was $3.4 million of income primarily related to gains from our noncontrolling investments partially offset by increased expense associated with certain employee benefit plans and losses on foreign currency transactions.

Income taxes. Our effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was 35.8% and 21.5%, respectively.

​

We recorded an income tax benefit of $6.4 million in relation to a pretax loss of $17.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily impacted by the following items (i) the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which we operate, (ii) net expense related to valuation allowances placed on certain deferred tax assets that are not expected to be realizable based on the weight of positive and negative evidence and (iii) discrete items including a $4.0 million benefit from the reversal of an unrecognized tax position due to a statute of limitations expiration, and a $2.0 million expense for interest on unrecognized tax positions.

​

We recorded an income tax benefit of $1.4 million in relation to a pretax loss of $6.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily impacted by the following items (i) the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which we operate, (ii) a $2.1 million net expense recognized discretely to record a valuation allowance on certain deferred tax assets that are not expected to be realizable based on the weight of positive and negative evidence and (iii) discrete items including a $3.3 million benefit from the reversal of an unrecognized tax position due to a statute of limitations expiration, and a $1.7 million expense for interest on unrecognized tax positions.

Our effective tax rate is based upon estimated income before provision for income taxes for the year, composition of the income in different countries, and adjustments, if any, in the applicable quarterly periods for potential tax consequences, benefits and/or resolutions of tax contingencies. Our consolidated tax rate will continue to be impacted by any transactional or one-time items in the future and the mix of income in any given year generated among the jurisdictions in which we operate. While we believe we have adequately provided for all tax positions, amounts asserted by taxing authorities could materially differ from our accrued positions as a result of uncertain and complex applications of tax law and regulations. Additionally, the recognition and measurement of certain tax benefits include estimates and judgments by management. Accordingly, we could record additional provisions or benefits for US federal, state, and foreign tax matters in future periods as new information becomes available.

Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax. Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax reflected an allocation of losses of $2.7 million and $0.8 million generated by our less than wholly owned subsidiaries for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Changes in net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax, within our segments, consisted of the following:

| ● | International Telecom. Within our International Telecom segment, net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax increased by $0.9 million, or 18.8%, to an allocation of $5.7 million of income from an allocation of $4.8 million of income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022,

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|  | respectively, primarily as a result of increased profitability at certain less than wholly owned subsidiaries within this segment.

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| ● | US Telecom. Within our US Telecom segment, net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax increased by $2.8 million, or 50.0%, to an allocation of losses of $8.4 million from an allocation of losses of $5.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as a result of increased losses at our less than wholly owned subsidiaries within this segment.

​

Net loss attributable to ATN International, Inc. stockholders. Net loss attributable to ATN International, Inc. stockholders was $8.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $4.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

On a per diluted share basis, net loss was a loss of $0.80 per diluted share for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to a loss of $0.49 per diluted share for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Such per share amounts were negatively impacted by accrued preferred dividends of $3.6 million and $3.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Regulatory and Tax Issues

We are involved in several regulatory and tax proceedings. A material and adverse outcome in one or more of these proceedings could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and future operations. For a discussion of ongoing proceedings, see Note 14 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Report.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Historically, we have met our operational liquidity needs and have funded our capital expenditures and acquisitions through a combination of cash-on-hand, internally generated funds, proceeds from dispositions, borrowings under our credit facilities and seller financings. We believe our current cash, cash equivalents, short term investments and availability under our current credit facilities will be sufficient to meet our cash needs for at least the next twelve months for working capital needs and capital expenditures.

Total liquidity. As of September 30, 2023, we had approximately $73.1 million in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as well as $146.9 million available under our 2023 CoBank Revolving Loan. Of the $73.1 million in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, $32.4 million was held by our foreign subsidiaries and is indefinitely invested outside the United States. In addition, we had approximately $498.4 million of debt, net of unamortized deferred financing costs, as of September 30, 2023. How and when we deploy our balance sheet capacity will figure prominently in our longer-term growth prospects and stockholder returns.

Uses of Cash

Acquisitions and investments. We have historically funded our acquisitions with a combination of cash-on-hand, borrowings under our credit facilities as well as equity investor and seller financings.

Sacred Wind Transaction. On November 7, 2022, we assumed $31.6 million of debt in connection with the Sacred Wind Transaction. See Acquisition of Sacred Wind Enterprises.

We continue to explore opportunities to expand our telecommunications business or acquire new businesses in the United States, the Caribbean and elsewhere. Such acquisitions may require external financing. While there can be no assurance as to whether, when or on what terms we will be able to acquire any such businesses or make such investments, such acquisitions may be completed through the issuance of shares of our capital stock, payment of cash or incurrence of additional debt. From time to time, we may raise capital ahead of any definitive use of proceeds to allow us to move more quickly and opportunistically if an attractive investment materializes.

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Cash used in investing activities. Cash used in investing activities was $124.6 million and $94.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The net increase in cash used for investing activities of $30.0 million was primarily the result of an increase in capital expenditures of $26.9 million, which includes an increase in reimbursable capital expenditures under certain government programs of $10.2 million. Partially offsetting these cash usages was an increase of $13.4 million in government grants received for capital projects. In addition, cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 includes $15.7 million in proceeds from the sale of a strategic investment.

Cash provided by financing activities. Cash provided by financing activities increased by $35.7 million to $48.5 million from $12.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This increase was primarily related to an increase in borrowings, net of repayments, under our credit facilities of $56.3 million and a $3.8 million reduction in cash used to repurchase non-controlling interests in certain less than wholly-owned subsidiaries. These increases in cash provided by financing activities were partially offset by an increase in share repurchases of $10.7 million, a reduction in borrowings, net of repayments, under our customer receivable credit facility of $9.4 million, cash paid for debt issuance costs of $3.7 million and a $1.9 million increase in dividends paid on our common stock.

Working Capital. Historically, we have internally funded our working capital needs. Pursuant to the FirstNet Agreement, AT&T has the option to repay construction costs, with interest, over an eight-year period. To fund the working capital needs created by AT&T’s option to extend its payment terms, we completed the Receivables Credit Facility, as discussed below, on March 26, 2020.

Capital expenditures. Historically, a significant use of our cash has been for capital expenditures to expand and upgrade our telecommunications networks and business support systems.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we spent approximately $140.9 million and $114.0 million, respectively, on capital expenditures relating to our telecommunications networks and business support systems of which $14.3 million and $4.0 million, respectively, are reimbursable under various government programs. The following notes our capital expenditures, by operating segment, for these periods (in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Capital Expenditures
​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | International | ​ | ​ | US | ​ | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | ​ | ​
Nine months ended September 30, | ​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | ​ | Telecom | ​ | ​ | Other (1) | ​ | ​ | Consolidated
2023 | ​ | $ | 57,610 | ​ | $ | 83,291 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 140,901
2022 | ​ | ​ | 53,270 | ​ | ​ | 60,056 | ​ | ​ | 633 | ​ | ​ | 113,959

| (1) | Corporate and other items refer to corporate overhead costs and consolidating adjustments.

We are continuing to invest in our telecommunication networks along with our operating and business support systems in many of our markets. For the year ended December 31, 2023, such investments are expected to total approximately $160 million to $170 million, net of reimbursable amounts, and will primarily relate to network expansion and upgrades which are expected to further drive subscriber and revenue growth in future periods.

Income taxes. We have historically used cash-on-hand to make payments for income taxes. Our policy is to allocate capital where we believe we will get the best returns and to date has been to indefinitely reinvest the undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries. As we continue to reinvest our remaining foreign earnings, no additional provision for income taxes has been made on the accumulated earnings of foreign subsidiaries.

Dividends. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, our Board of Directors declared $9.9 million of dividends to our stockholders which includes a $0.21 per share dividend declared on September 14, 2023 and paid on October 6, 2023. We have declared quarterly dividends since the fourth quarter of 1998.

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Stock Repurchase Plan. On September 19, 2016, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $50.0 million of our common stock from time to time on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions (the “2016 Repurchase Plan”). We repurchased $11.7 million and $0.9 million of our common stock under the 2016 Repurchase Plan during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, we had $7.8 million authorized and available for share repurchases under the 2016 Repurchase Plan.

Sources of Cash

Cash provided by operations. Cash provided by operating activities was $89.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $79.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase of $10.5 million was primarily related to an increase in cash provided by operating assets and liabilities, primarily prepayments of expenses and other current assets of $16.8 million partially offset by a decrease in net income of $6.4 million.

2023 CoBank Credit Facility

On July 13, 2023, we, along with certain of our subsidiaries as guarantors, entered into a new Credit Agreement with CoBank, ACB and a syndicate of other lenders (as may be amended from time to time, the “2023 CoBank Credit Facility”).

The 2023 CoBank Credit Facility provides for a five-year $170 million revolving credit facility (the “2023 CoBank Revolving Loan”) and a six-year $130 million term loan facility (the “2023 CoBank Term Loan”). The Company may use (i) up to $25 million under the 2023 CoBank Credit Facility for letters of credit, and (ii) up to $20 million under a swingline sub-facility. Upon the closing of the 2023 CoBank Credit Facility, we drew all of the 2023 CoBank Term Loan and approximately $13.6 million of the 2023 CoBank Revolving Loan. These borrowings were used to repay $139.5 million of debt outstanding under the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility at close.

The 2023 CoBank Term Loan must be repaid in quarterly principal payments in the amounts set forth below, with the outstanding principal balance maturing on July 13, 2029. The 2023 CoBank Revolving Loan may be repaid at any time on or prior to its maturity on July 13, 2028. All amounts outstanding under the 2023 CoBank Credit Facility will be due and payable upon the earlier of the maturity date or the acceleration of the loans and commitments upon an event of default.

​

​ | ​
2023 CoBank Term Loan Quarterly Payment Dates | 2023 CoBank Term Loan Quarterly Repayments
December 31, 2023 – June 30, 2025 | $812,500 (2.5% per annum)
September 30, 2025 – June 30, 2026 | $1,625,000 (5% per annum)
September 30, 2026 – June 30, 2029 | $2,437,500 (7.5% per annum)

Amounts borrowed under the 2023 CoBank Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to, at our option, either (i) the secured overnight financing rate as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (SOFR) plus an applicable margin ranging between 2.00% to 3.75% for the 2023 CoBank Term Loan or 1.75% to 3.50% for Revolving Loans or (ii) a base rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 1.00% to 2.75% for the Term Loan or 0.75% to 2.50% for the 2023 CoBank Revolving Loans. Swingline loans will bear interest at the base rate plus the applicable margin for base rate loans. The base rate is equal to the higher of (i) 1.00% plus the one-month SOFR rate (ii) the federal funds effective rate (as defined in the 2023 CoBank Credit Agreement) plus 0.50% per annum; and (iii) the prime rate (as defined in the 2023 CoBank Credit Agreement). The applicable margin is determined based on the ratio (as further defined in the 2023 CoBank Credit Agreement) of our indebtedness to EBITDA. Under the terms of the 2023 CoBank Credit Agreement, the Company must also pay a fee ranging from 0.25% to 0.50% on the average daily unused portion of the 2023 CoBank Credit Facility over each calendar quarter.

The 2023 CoBank Credit Agreement contains a financial covenant (as further defined in the 2023 CoBank Credit Agreement) that imposes a maximum ratio of indebtedness to EBITDA, as well as customary representations,

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warranties and covenants, including covenants limiting additional indebtedness, liens, guaranties, mergers and consolidations, substantial asset sales, investments and loans, sale and leasebacks, transactions with affiliates and fundamental changes. The Total Net Leverage Ratio is measured each fiscal quarter and is required to be less than or equal to 3.25 to 1.0. The 2023 CoBank Credit Agreement provides for events of default customary for credit facilities of this type, including but not limited to non-payment, defaults on other debt, misrepresentation, breach of covenants, representations and warranties, insolvency and bankruptcy.

We capitalized $4.0 million of fees associated with the 2023 CoBank Credit Facility which are being amortized over the life of the debt and $3.8 million were unamortized as of September 30, 2023.

We had $130.0 million outstanding under the 2023 CoBank Term Loan as of September 30, 2023. Under the 2023 CoBank Revolving Loan, we had $23.1 million outstanding and $146.9 million of availability as of September 30, 2023. There were no outstanding interest rate hedge agreements under the 2023 CoBank Credit Facility as of September 30, 2023 and we were in compliance with all financial covenants as of that date.

In October 2023, we entered a two year, forward starting 1-month floating to fixed SOFR interest rate swap agreement. The swap becomes effective on November 13, 2023 in a notional amount of $50.0 million, has a fixed SOFR rate of 4.896% and matures on November 13, 2025.

2019 CoBank Credit Facility

On April 10, 2019, we entered into a credit facility, with CoBank, ACB and a syndicate of other lenders (as amended, the “2019 CoBank Credit Facility”). The 2019 CoBank Credit Facility provided for a $200 million revolving credit facility that included (i) up to $75 million for standby or trade letters of credit and (ii) up to $10 million under a swingline sub-facility. In connection with the execution of the 2023 CoBank Credit Facility, as defined below, outstanding borrowings under the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility were repaid in full.

Amounts borrowed under the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility bore interest at a rate equal to, at our option, either (i) the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus an applicable margin ranging between 1.25% to 2.25% or (ii) a base rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.25% to 1.25%. Swingline loans bore interest at the base rate plus the applicable margin for base rate loans. The base rate was equal to the higher of (i) 1.00% plus the higher of (x) LIBOR for an interest period of one month and (y) LIBOR for an interest period of one week; (ii) the Federal Funds Effective Rate (as defined in the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility) plus 0.50% per annum; and (iii) the Prime Rate (as defined in the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility). The applicable margin was determined based on the Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility). Under the terms of the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility, we also paid a commitment fee ranging from 0.150% to 0.375% of the average daily unused portion of the 2019 CoBank Credit Facility over each calendar quarter.

Letter of Credit Facility

On November 14, 2022, we entered into a General Agreement of Indemnity to issue performance Standby Letters of Credit on behalf of us and our subsidiaries. As of September 30, 2023, $31.6 million of Standby Letters of Credit had been issued under this agreement.

Alaska Credit Facility

On July 22, 2021, Alaska Communications entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Alaska Credit Facility”) with Fifth Third Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, and a syndicate of lenders to provide a $35.0 million revolving facility (the “Alaska Revolving Facility”) and a $210.0 million initial term loan facility (the “Alaska Term Loan”).

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On December 23, 2022, Alaska Communications entered into a First Amendment Agreement (the “ACS Amendment’). The ACS Amendment amends the Alaska Credit Facility to increase its Revolving Credit Commitment from $35.0 million to $75.0 million and Term Loan Commitment from $210.0 million to $230.0 million. As a part of the transaction, the Term Loan commitment was fully funded as the outstanding Revolving Credit Commitment balance was transferred.

As of September 30, 2023, Alaska Communications had drawn $25.0 million on its Revolving Credit Commitment and had $50.0 million available to draw. The Term Loan balance was $230.0 million and principal payments commence in the fourth quarter of 2023. Both facilities mature on July 22, 2026.

In addition to the above changes, the ACS Amendment replaced the calculation of interest from an applicable margin applied to LIBOR with the same applicable margin applied to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus a 10-basis point adjustment.

We capitalized $7.3 million of fees associated with the Alaska Credit Facility which are being amortized over the life of the debt and $4.2 million were unamortized as of September 30, 2023.

The Alaska Credit Facility also provides for incremental facilities up to an aggregate principal amount of the greater of $70.0 million and Alaska Communications’ trailing twelve-month Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Alaska Credit Facility).

The key terms and conditions of the Alaska Credit Facility include the following:

| • | Amounts outstanding bear an interest rate of the forward-looking SOFR rate with a one-month interest period, plus the SOFR Spread Adjustment of 10 basis points, plus a margin ranging from 3.00% to 4.00% based on Alaska Communications’ Consolidated Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) or an alternate base rate may be selected at a margin that is 1% lower than the counterpart SOFR margin;

​

| • | Principal repayments are due quarterly commencing in the fourth quarter of 2023 in quarterly amounts as follows: from the fourth quarter of 2023 through the third quarter of 2024, $1.4 million; and from the fourth quarter of 2024 through the third quarter of 2026, $2.9 million. The remaining unpaid balance is due on the final maturity date;

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| • | Alaska Communications is required to maintain financial ratios as defined in the Alaska Credit Facility, including (a) a maximum Consolidated Net Total Leverage Ratio of 4.00 to 1, stepping down to 3.75 to 1 beginning with the second quarter of 2024; and (b) a minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of not less than 1.25 to 1; and

​

| • | The Alaska Credit Facility is non-recourse to us and is secured by substantially all of the personal property and certain material real property owned by Alaska Communications.

Alaska Communication’s interest rate swap, which had been designated as a cash flow hedge with an interest rate of 1.6735%, expired on June 30, 2022. As of September 30, 2023, there are no outstanding interest rate hedge agreements associated with the Alaska Credit Facility. In November 2023, Alaska Communications entered two forward starting 1-month floating to fixed SOFR interest rate swap agreements. The total notional amount of the agreements is $200.0 million, with fixed SOFR rates of 4.8695% and 4.8980% and both agreements mature on November 7, 2025.

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Alaska Term Facility

On June 15, 2022, Alaska Communications Systems Holdings, the parent company of Alaska Communications, entered into a secured lending arrangement with Bristol Bay Industrial, LLC (the “Alaska Term Facility”).

The Alaska Term Facility provides for a secured delayed draw term loan in an aggregate principal amount of up to $7.5 million and the proceeds may be used to pay certain invoices from a contractor for work performed in connection with a fiber build. Interest on the Alaska Term Facility accrues at a fixed rate of 4.0% and is payable commencing on March 31, 2023. Scheduled quarterly payments of principal commenced on March 31, 2023. The Alaska Term Facility matures on June 30, 2024.

The Alaska Term Facility contains events of default customary for facilities of this type.

As of September 30, 2023, we had $6.4 million outstanding and no available borrowings under the Alaska Term Facility.

FirstNet Receivables Credit Facility

On March 26, 2020, Commnet Finance, a wholly owned subsidiary of Commnet Wireless, entered into a receivables credit facility with us, Commnet Wireless, and CoBank, ACB (the “Receivables Credit Facility”).

The Receivables Credit Facility provides for a senior secured delayed draw term loan in an aggregate principal amount of up to $75.0 million and the proceeds may be used to acquire certain receivables from Commnet Wireless. The receivables to be financed and sold under the Receivables Credit Facility, which provide the loan security, relate to the obligations of AT&T under the FirstNet Agreement.

On December 23, 2022, CoBank amended the Receivables Credit Facility and extended the delayed draw period to December 31, 2023.

The maturity date for each loan will be set by CoBank and will match the weighted average maturity of the certain receivables financed.

Interest on the loans accrues at a fixed annual interest rate to be quoted by CoBank.

The Receivables Credit Facility contains customary events of termination, representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and events of default customary for facilities of this type.

As of September 30, 2023, we had $45.3 million outstanding, of which $6.7 million was current, and $18.0 million of availability under the Receivables Credit Facility. We capitalized $0.8 million in fees associated with the Receivables Credit Facility which are being amortized over the life of the debt and $0.5 million were unamortized as of September 30, 2023.

GTT Credit Facilities

On October 12, 2022, GTT received approval from Republic Bank (Guyana) Limited for a $2.9 million term facility and a $5.7 million overdraft facility (the “GTT Credit Facilities”) subject to the approval from the Minister of Finance at the Bank of Guyana that was received on March 31, 2023.

The GTT Credit Facilities are secured by real estate assets and carry a fixed interest rate of 7.5% which will be reviewed by the bank from time to time and subject to change at the bank’s discretion. The term facility is repayable

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over five years in equal monthly installments of principal and interest, commencing one month after funds are advanced. The overdraft facility will expire on October 31, 2024.

As of September 30, 2023, $3.5 million was outstanding under the overdraft facility and there were no outstanding amounts under the term facility.

Sacred Wind Term Debt

In connection with the Sacred Wind acquisition completed on November 7, 2022, we assumed $31.6 million of term debt (the “Sacred Wind Term Debt”) with the United States of America acting through the Administrator of the Rural Utilities Service (“RUS”). The loan agreements are dated as of October 23, 2006 and March 17, 2016. RUS provides financial assistance in the form of loans under the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 to furnish or improve telecommunications and/or broadband services in rural areas.

The Sacred Wind Term Debt is secured by substantially all assets of Sacred Wind and an underlying mortgage to the United States of America. These mortgage notes are to be repaid in equal monthly installments covering principal and interest beginning after date of issue and expiring by 2035.

The Sacred Wind Term Debt contains certain restrictions on the declaration or payment of dividends, redemption of capital stock or investment in affiliated companies without the consent by the RUS noteholders. The agreements also contain a financial covenant which Sacred Wind was not in compliance with as of December 31, 2021. Sacred Wind submitted a corrective action plan to comply with the financial covenant as of December 31, 2025. On May 5, 2022, Sacred Wind’s corrective action plan was accepted by the RUS. As of September 30, 2023, we were in compliance with that corrective action plan.

As of September 30, 2023, $29.0 million was outstanding under the Sacred Wind Term Debt. Of that amount, $3.2 million was current and $25.8 million was long term.

The mortgage notes carry fixed interest rates ranging from 0.88% to 5.0%

Viya Debt

We, and certain of our subsidiaries, have entered into a $60.0 million loan agreement (the “Viya Debt”) with Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative (“RTFC”). The Viya Debt agreement contains customary representations, warranties, and affirmative and negative covenants (including limitations on additional debt, guaranties, sale of assets and liens) and a financial covenant that limits the maximum ratio of indebtedness to annual operating cash flow to 3.5 to 1.0 (the “Net Leverage Ratio”). This covenant is tested on an annual basis at the end of each fiscal year. Interest is paid quarterly at a fixed rate of 4.0% per annum and principal repayment is not required until maturity on July 1, 2026. Prepayment of the Viya Debt may be subject to a fee under certain circumstances. The debt is secured by certain assets of our Viya subsidiaries and is guaranteed by us.

We paid a fee of $0.9 million in 2016 to lock the interest rate at 4% per annum over the term of the Viya Debt. The fee was recorded as a reduction to the Viya Debt carrying amount and is being amortized over the life of the loan.

As of September 30, 2023, $60.0 million of the Viya Debt remained outstanding and $0.3 million of the rate lock fee was unamortized.

On May 5, 2022, RTFC agreed to amend the Net Leverage Ratio to 7.0 to 1.0 through the maturity date of July 1, 2026. The Ratio is tested annually, and we were in compliance with the Net Leverage Ratio as of December 31, 2022.

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One Communications Debt

We had an outstanding loan from HSBC Bank Bermuda Limited (the “One Communications Debt”) which matured and was repaid in full on December 22, 2022. This loan bore interest at the one-month LIBOR plus a margin ranging between 2.5% to 2.75% per annum paid quarterly.

Debt Maturities

The table below summarizes the annual maturities of all of our debt facilities:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Customer
​ | US | ​ | International | ​ | Corporate and | ​ | Total | Receivable
​ | Telecom | ​ | Telecom | ​ | Other | ​ | Debt | Credit Facility
2023 (excluding the nine months ended September 30, 2023) | $ | 2,637 | ​ | $ | 3,481 | ​ | $ | 813 | ​ | $ | 6,931 | $ | 1,476
2024 | ​ | 16,536 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,250 | ​ | ​ | 19,786 | ​ | 6,787
2025 | ​ | 14,969 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4,875 | ​ | ​ | 19,844 | ​ | 7,083
2026 | ​ | 238,469 | ​ | ​ | 60,000 | ​ | ​ | 8,125 | ​ | ​ | 306,594 | ​ | 7,393
2027 | ​ | 3,723 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 9,750 | ​ | ​ | 13,473 | ​ | 7,718
Thereafter | ​ | 14,028 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 126,307 | ​ | ​ | 140,335 | ​ | 14,794
Total | ​ | 290,362 | ​ | ​ | 63,481 | ​ | ​ | 153,120 | ​ | ​ | 506,963 | ​ | 45,251
Debt Discounts | ​ | (4,521) | ​ | ​ | (271) | ​ | ​ | (3,794) | ​ | ​ | (8,586) | ​ | (514)
Book Value | $ | 285,841 | ​ | $ | 63,210 | ​ | $ | 149,326 | ​ | $ | 498,377 | $ | 44,737

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Factors Affecting Sources of Liquidity

Internally generated funds. The key factors affecting our internally generated funds are demand for our services, competition, regulatory developments, economic conditions in the markets where we operate our businesses and industry trends within the telecommunications industry.

Restrictions under Credit Facility. Our 2023 CoBank Credit Facility contains customary representations, warranties and covenants, including covenants limiting additional indebtedness, liens, guaranties, mergers and consolidations, substantial asset sales, investments and loans, sale and leasebacks, transactions with affiliates and fundamental changes.

Capital markets. Our ability to raise funds in the capital markets depends on, among other things, general economic conditions, the conditions of the telecommunications industry, our financial performance, the state of the capital markets and our compliance with SEC requirements for the offering of securities. On August 9, 2022 we filed a new “universal” shelf registration statement with the SEC, to register potential future offerings of our securities.

Foreign Currency

We translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries from their respective functional currencies, primarily the Guyana Dollar, to US Dollars at the appropriate rates as of the balance sheet date. Changes in the carrying value of these assets and liabilities attributable to fluctuations in rates are recognized in foreign currency translation adjustment, a component of accumulated other comprehensive income on our balance sheet. Income statement accounts are translated using the monthly average exchange rates during the year. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a currency that is different from a reporting entity’s functional currency must first be remeasured from the applicable currency to the legal entity’s functional currency. The effect of this remeasurement process is reported in other income within our income statement. During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we recorded $0.3 million

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and $0.2 million, respectively, of losses on foreign currency transactions. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we recorded $0.9 million and $0.7 million, respectively, of losses on foreign currency transactions. We will continue to assess the impact of our exposure to the Guyana Dollar.

Inflation

Several of our markets have experienced an increase in operating costs, some of which we believe, is attributable to inflation. If inflation continues or worsens, it could negatively impact our Company by increasing our operating expenses. Inflation may lead to cost increases in multiple areas across our business, for example, rises in the prices of raw materials and manufactured goods, increased energy rates, as well as increased wage pressures and other expenses related to our employees. In particular, where we have agreed to undertake infrastructure build outs on a fixed budget for our carrier customers or by accepting government grants, inflation may result in build costs that exceed our original budget given the ongoing challenges experienced in procuring equipment and material due to global supply chain uncertainties. To the extent that we are unable to pass on these costs through increased prices, revised budget estimates, or offset them in other ways, they may impact our financial condition and cash flows.

Recent Accounting Pronouncement s

None.

Critical Accounting Estimates

There were no changes to critical accounting estimates from those disclosed in “Part II. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Estimates” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

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Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Translation and Remeasurement. We translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries from their respective functional currencies, primarily the Guyana Dollar, to US Dollars at the appropriate rates as of the balance sheet date. Changes in the carrying value of these assets and liabilities attributable to fluctuations in rates are recognized in foreign currency translation adjustment, a component of accumulated other comprehensive income on our balance sheet. Income statement accounts are translated using the monthly average exchange rates during the year.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a currency that is different from a reporting entity’s functional currency must first be remeasured from the applicable currency to the legal entity’s functional currency. The effect of this remeasurement process is reported in other income on our income statement.

Employee Benefit Plans. We sponsor pension and other postretirement benefit plans for employees of certain subsidiaries. Net periodic pension expense is recognized in our income statement. We recognize a pension or other postretirement plan’s funded status as either an asset or liability in our consolidated balance sheet. Actuarial gains and losses are reported as a component of other comprehensive income and amortized through other income in subsequent periods.

Interest Rate Sensitivity. As of September 30, 2023, we had $281.6 million of variable rate debt outstanding, which is subject to fluctuations in interest rates. Our interest expense may be affected by changes in interest rates. We believe that a 100-basis-point change in the interest rates on our variable rate debt would result in a $2.8 million change in our annual interest expense. We may have additional exposure to fluctuations in interest rates if we again borrow amounts under our revolver loans within our credit facilities.

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Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2023. Disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), mean controls and other procedures of an issuer that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2023, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

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Item 1. Legal Proceedings

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See Note 14 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this Report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed under Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The risks described herein and in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended, are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer

On September 19, 2016, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $50.0 million of our common stock from time to time on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions (the “2016 Repurchase Plan”). We have $7.8 million available to be repurchased under that plan as of September 30, 2023.

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The following table reflects the repurchases by us of our common stock during the quarter ended September 30, 2023:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | (d)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Maximum
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Number (or
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (c) | ​ | Approximate
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (b) | ​ | Total Number of | ​ | Dollar Value) of
​ | ​ | (a) | ​ | Average | ​ | Shares Purchased | ​ | Shares that May
​ | ​ | Total Number | ​ | Price | ​ | as Part of Publicly | ​ | be Purchased
​ | ​ | of Shares | ​ | Paid per | ​ | Announced Plans | ​ | Under the Plans or
Period | ​ | Purchased | ​ | Share | ​ | or Programs | ​ | Programs
July 1, 2023 — July 31, 2023 |  | 56,962 | ​ | $ | 35.58 | ​ | 56,962 | ​ | $ | 10,596,728
August 1, 2023 — August 31, 2023 |  | 9,256 | ​ | ​ | 35.98 | ​ | 8,212 | ​ | ​ | 10,303,756
September 1, 2023 — September 30, 2023 |  | 75,705 | ​ | ​ | 33.45 | ​ | 75,705 | ​ | ​ | 7,771,292

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Item 5. Other Information

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements

While the Company does allow for its officers and directors to enter into trading arrangements intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1 with the Company’s prior approval, during the quarter ended September 30, 2023, none of the Company's directors or officers informed the Company of the adoption or termination of a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement”, as those terms are defined in Regulation S-K, Item 408.

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Item 6. Exhibits:

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| ​ |
| ​ |
10.1 | ​ | Credit Agreement, dated as of July 13, 2023 , among, ATN International, Inc., as Borrower, CoBank, ACB, as Administrative Agent, Fifth Third Bank, N.A., MUFG Bank, Ltd. and the Guarantors party thereto, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (file No. 001-12593) filed on July 17, 2023.
31.1* | ​ | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2* | ​ | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
​ | ​ | ​
32.1** | ​ | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 USC Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
​ | ​ | ​
32.2** | ​ | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 USC Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
​ | ​ | ​
101.INS | ​ | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
​ | ​ | ​
101.SCH* | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
​ | ​ | ​
101.CAL* | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
​ | ​ | ​
101.DEF* | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
​ | ​ | ​
101.LAB* | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
​ | ​ | ​
101.PRE* | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
​ | ​ | ​
104 | ​ | Cover Page Interactive Data file (formatted as Inline XBRL and embedded within Exhibit 101). ​

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* Filed herewith.

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** The certifications furnished in Exhibit 32.1 and Exhibit 32.2 hereto are deemed to accompany this Report and will not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates them by reference.

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SIGNATURES

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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

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​ |
​ | ATN International, Inc.
​ | ​
Date: November 8, 2023 | /s/ Michael T. Prior
​ | Michael T. Prior
​ | President and Chief Executive Officer
​ | ​
Date: November 8, 2023 | /s/ Justin D. Benincasa
​ | Justin D. Benincasa
​ | Chief Financial Officer

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