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INCOME TAXES
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
INCOME TAXES  
INCOME TAXES

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11.  INCOME TAXES

In July 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was enacted in the U.S. The OBBBA includes significant provisions, such as the permanent extension of certain expiring provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, modifications to the international tax framework and the restoration of favorable tax treatment for certain business provisions. The legislation has multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective in 2025 and others implemented through 2027. The Company has reflected the impact of the enacted provisions in its 2025 financial statements, which were determined to be immaterial. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the OBBBA provisions effective in future years on the Company’s financial statements and related disclosures.

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was 451.5% and 23.4%, respectively.

The Company recorded an income tax benefit of $5.1 million in relation to a pretax loss of $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily impacted by the following items: (i) the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which the Company operates, (ii) net expense related to valuation allowances placed on certain deferred tax assets that are not expected to be realized based on the weight of positive and negative evidence, and (iii) a discrete item consisting of a $0.6 million expense for interest on prior years uncertain tax positions.

The Company recorded an income tax benefit of $12.0 million in relation to a pretax loss of $51.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily impacted by the following items: (i) the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which the Company operates, (ii) net expense related to valuation allowances placed on certain deferred tax assets that are not expected to be realizable based on the weight of positive and negative evidence, and (iii) discrete items including a $0.8 million expense associated with sale of a partnership interest, and a $0.8 million expense for interest on unrecognized tax positions.

The Company’s effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was 35.0% and 22.1%, respectively.

The Company recorded an income tax benefit of $9.0 million in relation to a pretax loss of $25.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily impacted by the following items: (i) the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which we operate, (ii) net expense related to valuation allowances placed on certain deferred tax assets that are not expected to be realized based on the weight of positive and negative evidence, and (iii) discrete items including a $4.9 million benefit from the reversal of an unrecognized tax position due to a statute of limitations expiration, a $1.8 million expense for interest on prior years uncertain tax positions, a $0.5 million expense associated with stock option shortfalls, and a $1.0 million benefit from the release of a capital loss carryover valuation allowance based on the Company’s conclusion that it was more likely than not that this deferred tax asset would be realized in the future.

The Company recorded an income tax benefit of $10.2 million in relation to a pretax loss of $46.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily impacted by the following items: (i) the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which the Company operates, (ii) net expense related to valuation allowances placed on certain deferred tax assets that are not expected to be realizable based on the weight of positive and negative evidence, and (iii) discrete items including a $2.4 million expense associated with the gain on sale of land in a foreign jurisdiction, a $3.7 million benefit from the reversal of an unrecognized tax position due to a statute of limitations expiration, a $1.5 million expense to record an unrecognized tax position for the current year, a $2.2 million expense for interest on unrecognized tax positions, and a $0.8 million expense associated with the sale of a partnership interest.

The Company’s effective tax rate is based upon estimated income before provision for income taxes for the year, composition of the income in different countries, and adjustments, if any, in the applicable quarterly periods for potential tax consequences, benefits and/or resolutions of tax contingencies. The Company’s consolidated tax rate will continue to be impacted by any transactional or one-time items in the future and the mix of income in any given year generated among the jurisdictions in which the Company operates. While the Company believes it has adequately provided for all tax positions, amounts asserted by taxing authorities could materially differ from the Company’s accrued positions as a result of uncertain and complex application of tax law and regulations. Additionally, the recognition and measurement of certain tax benefits include estimates and judgments by management. Accordingly, the Company could record additional provisions or benefits for US federal, state, and foreign tax matters in future periods as new information becomes available.