3. Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Heron Therapeutics, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary, Heron Therapeutics, B.V., which was organized in the Netherlands in March 2015. Heron Therapeutics, B.V. has no operations and no material assets or liabilities and there have been no significant transactions related to Heron Therapeutics, B.V. since its inception.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and disclosures made in the accompanying notes to the financial statements. Our critical accounting policies that involve significant judgment and estimates include accrued clinical liabilities, income taxes, stock-based compensation and pre-launch inventories. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts in the 2015 financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the 2016 presentation.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and highly liquid investments with original maturities from purchase date of three months or less.

Short-term investments consist of securities with maturities from purchase date of greater than three months. We have classified our short-term investments as available-for-sale securities in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. Available-for-sale securities are stated at fair market value, with unrealized gains and losses reported in other comprehensive income (loss) and realized gains and losses included in interest income. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific-identification method. Interest and dividends on securities classified as available-for-sale are included in interest income.

Our bank accounts have been placed under a control agreement in accordance with our Senior Secured Convertible Notes (“Convertible Notes”).

Pre-Launch Inventories

e capitalize certain inventory costs prior to regulatory approval and product launch based on management’s judgment of probable future commercial use and net realizable value of the inventory. We capitalize pre-launch quantities into inventories when we believe it is probable that: (i) a future economic benefit will be derived from the commercialization of the product; (ii) the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) will approve the marketing of the product; and (iii) our process for manufacturing the product is within the specifications that we believe will be approved by the FDA for such product. In evaluating whether it is probable that we will derive future economic benefits from our pre-launch inventories and whether the pre-launch inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, we consider, among other things, the remaining shelf life of that inventory, the current and expected market conditions, the amount of inventory on hand, and the substance of communications with the FDA during the regulatory approval process. The manufacture of pre-launch inventories involves the risk that the FDA may not approve such product(s) for marketing on a timely basis or at all, and that each approval may require additional or different testing and/or specifications than what was performed in the manufacture of such pre-launch inventory. If any of these risks were to materialize with respect to a given product or if the launch of such product is significantly postponed, we may have to write-off the pre-launch inventories, which could be material.

During the first half of 2016, we capitalized approximately $3,312,000 of pre-launch inventory costs associated with SUSTOL.

Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period, without consideration of common share equivalents. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding for the period determined using the treasury stock method. For purposes of this calculation, stock options, warrants and common stock underlying Convertible Notes are considered to be common stock equivalents and are only included in the calculation of diluted EPS when their effect is dilutive.

Because we have incurred a net loss for all periods presented in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, outstanding stock options, warrants and common stock underlying Convertible Notes are not included in the computation of net loss per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive.

The following table includes the number of outstanding stock options, warrants and shares of common stock underlying Convertible Notes not included in the computation as of the dates shown below (in thousands):

	As of June 30,
	2016		2015

Stock options outstanding		8,747		6,985
Warrants outstanding		600		3,649
Common stock underlying convertible notes outstanding		7,301		6,879

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources.

Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are included in other comprehensive loss and represent the difference between our net loss and comprehensive loss for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2016. Our comprehensive loss for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2015 was comprised solely of our net loss, and there were no changes in equity from non-owner sources.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-09,

Comp

ensation – Stock Compensation:

Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting

(“ASU 2016-09”). ASU 2016-09 addresses several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment award transactions, including: (a) income tax consequences; (b) classification of awards as either equity or liabilities; and (c) classification on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We plan to adopt the provisions of ASU 2016-09 in the first quarter of 2017. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-09 to have a material impact on our results of operations or financial condition.

In February 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02,

Leases

(“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to record on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. In addition, ASU 2016-02 requires both lessees and lessors to disclose certain key information about lease transactions. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We plan to adopt the provisions of ASU 2016-02 in the first quarter of 2019. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-02 to have a material impact on our results of operations or financial condition.

In July 2015, FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11,

Inventory (Topic 330)

(“ASU 2015-11”). ASU 2015-11 requires entities to measure inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predicable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. Subsequent measurements are unchanged for inventory measured using LIFO or the retail inventory method. ASU 2015-11 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. We plan to adopt the provisions of ASU 2015-11 in 2017. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2015-11 to have a material impact on our results of operations or financial condition.