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Stockholders' Equity (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Summary of Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes the stock option activity for the three months ended June 30, 2019:

 

 

 

Shares

(in thousands)

 

 

Weighted-

average

Exercise Price

 

 

Weighted-

average

Remaining

Contractual

Term (Years)

 

Balance at December 31, 2018

 

 

15,265

 

 

$

18.33

 

 

 

6.87

 

Granted

 

 

455

 

 

$

24.47

 

 

 

 

 

Exercised

 

 

(1,542

)

 

$

10.52

 

 

 

 

 

Expired and forfeited

 

 

(633

)

 

$

20.83

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at June 30, 2019

 

 

13,545

 

 

$

19.31

 

 

 

6.99

 

Summary of Stock-Based Compensation Expense related to Stock-Based Payment Awards Granted

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense related to stock-based payment awards granted pursuant to all of our equity compensation arrangements (in thousands):

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

June 30,

 

 

Six Months Ended

June 30,

 

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

Research and development

 

$

4,434

 

 

$

3,115

 

 

$

9,758

 

 

$

6,151

 

General and administrative

 

 

3,714

 

 

 

2,308

 

 

 

7,394

 

 

 

4,584

 

Sales and marketing

 

 

4,558

 

 

 

2,398

 

 

 

13,456

 

 

 

4,787

 

Total stock-based compensation expense

 

$

12,706

 

 

$

7,821

 

 

$

30,608

 

 

$

15,522

 

Summary of Fair Value of Option Grant on Grant Date Using Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model

We estimated the fair value of each option grant on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:

 

 

 

June 30,

 

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

Risk-free interest rate

 

 

2.4

%

 

 

2.7

%

Dividend yield

 

 

0.0

%

 

 

0.0

%

Volatility

 

 

68.0

%

 

 

71.1

%

Expected life (years)

 

 

6

 

 

 

6

 

1997 Employee Stock Purchase Plan  
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Summary of Fair Value of Option Grant on Grant Date Using Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model

We estimated the fair value of each purchase right granted under our 1997 Employee Stock Purchase Plan at the beginning of each new offering period using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:

 

 

 

June 30,

 

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

Risk-free interest rate

 

 

2.4

%

 

 

2.1

%

Dividend yield

 

 

0.0

%

 

 

0.0

%

Volatility

 

 

58.4

%

 

 

59.8

%

Expected life (months)

 

 

6

 

 

 

6