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Equity Incentive Plan (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2023
Equity [Abstract]  
Summary of Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes the stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2023:

 

 

 

Shares
(in thousands)

 

 

Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price

 

 

Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)

 

Outstanding at December 31, 2022

 

 

20,749

 

 

$

14.61

 

 

 

6.44

 

Granted

 

 

11,688

 

 

$

1.83

 

 

 

 

Exercised

 

 

 

 

$

 

 

 

 

Expired and forfeited

 

 

(3,659

)

 

$

9.23

 

 

 

 

Outstanding at June 30, 2023

 

 

28,778

 

 

$

10.10

 

 

 

6.18

 

Summary of Restricted Stock Unit Activity

The following table summarizes the restricted stock unit activity (“RSUs”) for the six months ended June 30, 2023:

 

 

 

Shares
(in thousands)

 

 

Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value

 

Outstanding at December 31, 2022

 

 

3,167

 

 

$

6.46

 

Granted

 

 

1,758

 

 

$

2.39

 

Released

 

 

(732

)

 

$

8.12

 

Expired and forfeited

 

 

(1,461

)

 

$

4.06

 

Outstanding at June 30, 2023

 

 

2,732

 

 

$

4.67

 

Summary of Stock-Based Compensation Expense related to Stock-Based Payment Awards Granted

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense related to stock-based payment awards granted pursuant to all of our equity compensation arrangements (in thousands):

 

 

 

Three Months Ended
June 30,

 

 

Six Months Ended
June 30,

 

 

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

Research and development

 

$

3,846

 

 

$

4,422

 

 

$

6,785

 

 

$

8,985

 

General and administrative

 

 

5,773

 

 

 

2,783

 

 

 

8,102

 

 

 

5,785

 

Sales and marketing

 

 

4,281

 

 

 

3,148

 

 

 

6,960

 

 

 

6,498

 

Total stock-based compensation expense

 

$

13,900

 

 

$

10,353

 

 

$

21,847

 

 

$

21,268

 

Summary of Fair Value of Option Grant on Grant Date and Employee Stock Purchase Plan Using Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model and Market Based Stock Option Grants Monte Carlo Simulation Model

We estimated the fair value of each option grant on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and for market-based stock option grants using the Monte Carlo simulation model. The following are the weighted-average assumptions:

 

 

 

For the Six Months Ended

 

 

 

June 30,

 

 

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

Risk-free interest rate

 

 

3.6

%

 

 

3.1

%

Dividend yield

 

 

0.0

%

 

 

0.0

%

Volatility

 

 

67.4

%

 

 

60.8

%

Expected life (years)

 

6 to 10

 

 

 

6

 

 

We estimated the fair value of each purchase right granted under our 1997 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended, at the beginning of each new offering period using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:

 

 

 

For the Six Months Ended

 

 

 

June 30,

 

 

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

Risk-free interest rate

 

 

5.1

%

 

 

1.5

%

Dividend yield

 

 

0.0

%

 

 

0.0

%

Volatility

 

 

97.1

%

 

 

75.3

%

Expected life (months)

 

 

6

 

 

 

6