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Note 9 - Employee Benefit Plans (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2023
Notes Tables |
Changes in Projected Benefit Obligations, Fair Value of Plan Assets, and Funded Status of Plan [Table Text Block] |
|  | Pension Plan |  |  | Postretirement Plan |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Accumulated benefit obligation |  | $ | 24,449,856 |  |  | $ | 24,776,968 |  |  | $ | 11,248,448 |  |  | $ | 12,416,546 |
Change in benefit obligation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Benefit obligation at beginning of year |  | $ | 27,268,456 |  |  | $ | 37,654,468 |  |  | $ | 12,416,546 |  |  | $ | 16,796,849 |
Service cost |  |  | 366,537 |  |  |  | 648,289 |  |  |  | 45,897 |  |  |  | 97,802 |
Interest cost |  |  | 1,372,098 |  |  |  | 1,013,115 |  |  |  | 620,622 |  |  |  | 443,721 |
Actuarial gain |  |  | (1,031,160 | ) |  |  | (10,862,957 | ) |  |  | (1,331,541 | ) |  |  | (4,330,387 | )
Benefit payments, net of retiree contributions |  |  | (1,228,307 | ) |  |  | (1,184,459 | ) |  |  | (503,076 | ) |  |  | (591,439 | )
Benefit obligation at end of year |  | $ | 26,747,624 |  |  | $ | 27,268,456 |  |  | $ | 11,248,448 |  |  | $ | 12,416,546 |
Change in fair value of plan assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year |  | $ | 28,017,797 |  |  | $ | 38,914,107 |  |  | $ | 12,138,119 |  |  | $ | 15,882,342 |
Actual return on plan assets, net of taxes |  |  | 89,171 |  |  |  | (9,711,851 | ) |  |  | 1,384,270 |  |  |  | (3,152,784 | )
Employer contributions |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Benefit payments, net of retiree contributions |  |  | (1,228,307 | ) |  |  | (1,184,459 | ) |  |  | (503,076 | ) |  |  | (591,439 | )
Fair value of plan assets at end of year |  | $ | 26,878,661 |  |  | $ | 28,017,797 |  |  | $ | 13,019,313 |  |  | $ | 12,138,119 |
Funded status |  | $ | 131,037 |  |  | $ | 749,341 |  |  | $ | 1,770,865 |  |  | $ | (278,427 | )
Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheet consist of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-current assets |  | $ | 131,037 |  |  | $ | 749,341 |  |  | $ | 1,770,865 |  |  | $ | — |
Non-current liabilities |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (278,427 | )
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net actuarial loss, net of tax |  | $ | 1,168,687 |  |  | $ | 1,243,889 |  |  | $ | 6,946 |  |  | $ | 355,088 |
Total amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax |  | $ | 1,168,687 |  |  | $ | 1,243,889 |  |  | $ | 6,946 |  |  | $ | 355,088 |
Amounts deferred to a regulatory asset (liability): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net actuarial loss (gain) |  | $ | 4,029,282 |  |  | $ | 4,132,472 |  |  | $ | (1,813,071 | ) |  | $ | (30,118 | )
Amounts recognized as regulatory assets (liabilities) |  | $ | 4,029,282 |  |  | $ | 4,132,472 |  |  | $ | (1,813,071 | ) |  | $ | (30,118 | )
Defined Benefit Plan, Assumptions [Table Text Block] |
|  | Pension Plan |  |  | Postretirement Plan |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate |  |  | 5.63 | % |  |  | 5.15 | % |  |  | 5.63 | % |  |  | 5.16 | %
Expected rate of compensation increase |  |  | 4.00 | % |  |  | 4.00 | % |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | N/A |
Assumptions used to determine benefit costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate |  |  | 5.15 | % |  |  | 2.73 | % |  |  | 5.16 | % |  |  | 2.70 | %
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets |  |  | 4.50 | % |  |  | 4.75 | % |  |  | 3.95 | % |  |  | 4.24 | %
Expected rate of compensation increase |  |  | 4.00 | % |  |  | 4.00 | % |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | N/A |
Schedule of Net Benefit Costs [Table Text Block] |
|  | Pension Plan |  |  | Postretirement Plan |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Service cost |  | $ | 366,537 |  |  | $ | 648,289 |  |  | $ | 45,897 |  |  | $ | 97,802 |
Interest cost |  |  | 1,372,098 |  |  |  | 1,013,115 |  |  |  | 620,622 |  |  |  | 443,721 |
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | (1,232,597 | ) |  |  | (1,831,550 | ) |  |  | (464,046 | ) |  |  | (666,167 | )
Recognized loss |  |  | 316,724 |  |  |  | 146,402 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net periodic benefit cost |  | $ | 822,762 |  |  | $ | (23,744 | ) |  | $ | 202,473 |  |  | $ | (124,644 | )
Schedule of Health Care Cost Trend Rates [Table Text Block] |
|  | Pre 65 |  |  | Post 65 |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year |  |  | 6.30 | % |  |  | 6.00 | % |  |  | 5.20 | % |  |  | 5.20 | %
Rate to which the cost trend is assumed to decline (the ultimate trend rate) |  |  | 3.94 | % |  |  | 5.20 | % |  |  | 3.94 | % |  |  | 5.20 | %
Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate |  | 2075 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2075 |  |  | 2022 |
Schedule of Effect of One-Percentage-Point Change in Assumed Health Care Cost Trend Rates [Table Text Block] |
|  | 1% Increase |  |  | 1% Decrease |
Effect on total service and interest cost components |  | $ | 89,000 |  |  | $ | (74,000 | )
Effect on accumulated postretirement benefit obligation |  |  | 1,317,000 |  |  |  | (1,117,000 | )
Schedule of Allocation of Plan Assets [Table Text Block] |
|  | Pension Plan |  |  | Postretirement Plan |
|  | Target |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | Target |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Asset category: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities |  |  | 25 | % |  |  | 27 | % |  |  | 13 | % |  |  | 30 | % |  |  | 43 | % |  |  | 48 | %
Debt securities |  |  | 75 | % |  |  | 72 | % |  |  | — | % |  |  | 70 | % |  |  | 37 | % |  |  | 51 | %
Cash |  |  | — | % |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | 87 | % |  |  | — | % |  |  | 20 | % |  |  | 1 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Pension Plan |
|  |  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2023 |
|  | Fair Value |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Asset Class: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash |  | $ | 202,218 |  |  | $ | 202,218 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Common and Collective Trust and Pooled Funds: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liability Driven Investment |  |  | 16,446,813 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16,446,813 |  |  |  | — |
Mutual Funds: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic Fixed Income |  |  | 3,000,525 |  |  |  | 3,000,525 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Equities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic Large Cap Growth |  |  | 2,256,767 |  |  |  | 2,256,767 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Domestic Large Cap Value |  |  | 2,222,733 |  |  |  | 2,222,733 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core |  |  | 1,082,801 |  |  |  | 1,082,801 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Foreign Large Cap Growth |  |  | 481,309 |  |  |  | 481,309 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Foreign Large Cap Value |  |  | 463,907 |  |  |  | 463,907 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Foreign Large Cap Core |  |  | 721,588 |  |  |  | 721,588 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 26,878,661 |  |  | $ | 10,431,848 |  |  | $ | 16,446,813 |  |  | $ | — |
|  |  |  |  |  | Pension Plan |
|  |  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2022 |
|  | Fair Value |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Asset Class: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash |  | $ | 24,312,969 |  |  | $ | 24,312,969 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Mutual Funds: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic Large Cap Growth |  |  | 1,172,296 |  |  |  | 1,172,296 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Domestic Large Cap Value |  |  | 1,172,714 |  |  |  | 1,172,714 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Foreign Large Cap Growth |  |  | 486,184 |  |  |  | 486,184 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Foreign Large Cap Core |  |  | 873,634 |  |  |  | 873,634 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 28,017,797 |  |  | $ | 28,017,797 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
|  |  |  |  |  | Postretirement Plan |
|  |  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2023 |
|  | Fair Value |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Asset Class: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash |  | $ | 2,640,622 |  |  | $ | 2,640,622 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Mutual Funds: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic Fixed Income |  |  | 4,841,048 |  |  |  | 4,841,048 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Equities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic Large Cap Growth |  |  | 1,693,422 |  |  |  | 1,693,422 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Domestic Large Cap Value |  |  | 1,570,538 |  |  |  | 1,570,538 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core |  |  | 588,898 |  |  |  | 588,898 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Foreign Large Cap Growth |  |  | 433,886 |  |  |  | 433,886 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Foreign Large Cap Value |  |  | 526,364 |  |  |  | 526,364 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Foreign Large Cap Core |  |  | 724,535 |  |  |  | 724,535 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 13,019,313 |  |  | $ | 13,019,313 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
|  |  |  |  |  | Postretirement Plan |
|  |  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2022 |
|  | Fair Value |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Asset Class: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash |  | $ | 75,219 |  |  | $ | 75,219 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Mutual Funds: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic Fixed Income |  |  | 5,644,954 |  |  |  | 5,644,954 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Foreign Fixed Income |  |  | 589,284 |  |  |  | 589,284 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Equities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic Large Cap Growth |  |  | 1,698,421 |  |  |  | 1,698,421 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Domestic Large Cap Value |  |  | 1,793,746 |  |  |  | 1,793,746 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Domestic Small/Mid Cap Growth |  |  | 182,823 |  |  |  | 182,823 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Domestic Small/Mid Cap Value |  |  | 202,921 |  |  |  | 202,921 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core |  |  | 443,900 |  |  |  | 443,900 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Foreign Large Cap Growth |  |  | 469,659 |  |  |  | 469,659 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Foreign Large Cap Value |  |  | 462,196 |  |  |  | 462,196 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Foreign Large Cap Core |  |  | 574,996 |  |  |  | 574,996 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 12,138,119 |  |  | $ | 12,138,119 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Schedule of Expected Benefit Payments [Table Text Block] |
|  | Pension |  |  | Postretirement |
Fiscal year ending September 30 |  | Plan |  |  | Plan |
2024 |  | $ | 1,335,133 |  |  | $ | 713,518 |
2025 |  |  | 1,400,453 |  |  |  | 707,987 |
2026 |  |  | 1,486,089 |  |  |  | 710,935 |
2027 |  |  | 1,591,928 |  |  |  | 724,277 |
2028 |  |  | 1,665,580 |  |  |  | 721,402 |
2029 - 2033 |  |  | 9,316,587 |  |  |  | 3,957,815 |
NQDC Plan [Member] |
Notes Tables |
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosures [Table Text Block] |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Beginning deferred compensation balance |  | $ | 59,108 |  |  | $ | 35,344 |
Employer contributions |  |  | — |  |  |  | 33,280 |
Earnings (loss) |  |  | 6,787 |  |  |  | (9,516 | )
Forfeitures |  |  | (18,221 | ) |  |  | — |
Ending deferred compensation balance |  | $ | 47,674 |  |  | $ | 59,108 |
The 401K Plan [Member] |
Notes Tables |
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosures [Table Text Block] |
|  | Years Ended September 30 |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Matching contribution |  | $ | 388,616 |  |  | $ | 357,293 |
Discretionary contribution |  |  | 75,899 |  |  |  | 47,429 |

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