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Note 8 - Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2023
Notes Tables |
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) [Table Text Block] |
|  | Years Ended September 30 |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Current income taxes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  | $ | 2,935,052 |  |  | $ | 2,494,942 |
State |  |  | 650,238 |  |  |  | 523,571 |
Total current income taxes |  |  | 3,585,290 |  |  |  | 3,018,513 |
Deferred income taxes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  |  | (223,862 | ) |  |  | (11,160,425 | )
State |  |  | 262,103 |  |  |  | (3,097,869 | )
Total deferred income taxes |  |  | 38,241 |  |  |  | (14,258,294 | )
Amortization of R&D tax credits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  |  | (129,600 | ) |  |  | (165,652 | )
State |  |  | (2,020 | ) |  |  | (5,212 | )
Total amortization of R&D tax credits |  |  | (131,620 | ) |  |  | (170,864 | )
Total income tax expense (benefit) |  | $ | 3,491,911 |  |  | $ | (11,410,645 | )
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block] |
|  | Years Ended September 30 |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | $ | 14,791,193 |  |  | $ | (43,143,247 | )
Corporate federal income tax rate |  |  | 21 | % |  |  | 21 | %
Income tax expense (benefit) computed at the federal statutory rate |  | $ | 3,106,151 |  |  | $ | (9,060,082 | )
State income taxes, net of federal income tax expense (benefit) |  |  | 720,749 |  |  |  | (2,033,695 | )
Net amortization of excess deferred taxes on regulated operations |  |  | (162,228 | ) |  |  | (162,228 | )
Amortization of R&D tax credits |  |  | (131,620 | ) |  |  | (170,864 | )
Net amortization of RNG tax credits |  |  | (58,669 | ) |  |  | — |
Other, net |  |  | 17,528 |  |  |  | 16,224 |
Total income tax expense (benefit) |  | $ | 3,491,911 |  |  | $ | (11,410,645 | )
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block] |
|  | September 30 |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for credit losses |  | $ | 39,938 |  |  | $ | 95,564 |
Accrued pension and postretirement medical benefits |  |  | 591,841 |  |  |  | 486,745 |
Regulatory effect of change in federal income tax rate |  |  | 2,655,951 |  |  |  | 2,708,809 |
Accrued paid time off |  |  | 149,087 |  |  |  | 150,075 |
Cost of gas held in storage |  |  | 752,989 |  |  |  | 702,040 |
Deferred compensation |  |  | 1,020,512 |  |  |  | 993,079 |
Accrued gas cost |  |  | — |  |  |  | 125,888 |
MVP impairment |  |  | 14,180,759 |  |  |  | 14,180,759 |
Regulatory effect on tax credits |  |  | 1,662,400 |  |  |  | — |
Other |  |  | 263,971 |  |  |  | 124,034 |
Total gross deferred tax assets |  |  | 21,317,448 |  |  |  | 19,566,993 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Utility property |  |  | 19,426,513 |  |  |  | 19,074,085 |
MVP investment |  |  | 1,288,104 |  |  |  | 1,366,157 |
Interest rate swaps |  |  | 1,188,533 |  |  |  | 1,235,126 |
Accrued gas cost |  |  | 259,162 |  |  |  | — |
Total gross deferred tax liabilities |  |  | 22,162,312 |  |  |  | 21,675,368 |
Net deferred tax asset |  |  | 1,163,594 |  |  |  | 1,057,079 |
Net deferred tax liability |  | $ | 2,008,458 |  |  | $ | 3,165,454 |

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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Paragraph 9 -Section 50 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Paragraph 2 -Section 50 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Paragraph 12 -Section 50 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12 + Details
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