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Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Notes Tables  
Schedule of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]
  

September 30

 
  

2023

  

2022

 

Assets:

        

Current Assets:

        

Regulatory assets:

        

Accrued WNA revenues

 $414,689  $193,518 

Under-recovery of gas costs

  1,383,340   1,316,580 

Under-recovery of RNG revenues

  797,804    

Accrued pension

  243,017   237,911 

Other deferred expenses

  15,426   129,459 

Total current

  2,854,276   1,877,468 

Utility Property:

        

In service:

        

Other

  479,647   11,945 

Construction work in progress:

        

AFUDC

  356,325   461,342 

Other Non-Current Assets:

        

Regulatory assets:

        

Premium on early retirement of debt

  1,256,059   1,370,246 

Accrued pension

  3,786,265   3,894,561 

Other deferred expenses

  347,121   181,740 

Total non-current

  5,389,445   5,446,547 
         

Total regulatory assets

 $9,079,693  $7,797,302 

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity:

        

Current Liabilities:

        

Regulatory liabilities:

        

Over-recovery of SAVE Plan revenues

 $146,861  $158,847 

Rate refund

  652,018    

Deferred income taxes

  527,034   363,297 

Supplier refunds

  275,649   2,484,992 

Other deferred liabilities

  31,154   160,930 

Total current

  1,632,716   3,168,066 

Deferred Credits and Non-Current Other Liabilities:

        

Asset retirement obligations

  10,792,831   10,204,079 

Regulatory cost of retirement obligations

  13,029,376   12,277,796 

Regulatory liabilities:

        

Deferred income taxes

  16,249,776   13,193,006 

Deferred postretirement medical

  1,781,917   30,118 

Total non-current

  41,853,900   35,704,999 
         

Total regulatory liabilities

 $43,486,616  $38,873,065 
Public Utility Property, Plant, and Equipment [Table Text Block]
  

September 30

 
  

2023

  

2022

 

Distribution and transmission

 $286,200,652  $259,253,559 

LNG storage

  15,407,053   15,383,276 

General and miscellaneous

  16,762,186   16,303,848 

Total utility property in service

 $318,369,891  $290,940,683 
Schedule of Change in Asset Retirement Obligation [Table Text Block]
  

Years Ended September 30

 
  

2023

  

2022

 

Beginning balance

 $10,204,079  $7,628,958 

Liabilities incurred

  91,670   236,926 

Liabilities settled

  (180,865)  (131,763)

Accretion

  677,947   397,692 

Revisions to estimated cash flows

     2,072,266 

Ending balance

 $10,792,831  $10,204,079 
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Table Text Block]
  

Years Ended September 30

 
  

2023

  

2022

 

Beginning balance

 $371,271  $242,010 

Provision for credit losses

  54,211   492,875 

Recoveries of accounts written off

  181,676   135,143 

Accounts written off

  (451,994)  (498,757)

Ending balance

 $155,164  $371,271 
Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]
  

Years Ended September 30

 
  

2023

  

2022

 

Net income (loss)

 $11,299,282  $(31,732,602)

Weighted-average common shares

  9,922,701   9,122,678 

Effect of dilutive securities:

        

Options to purchase common stock

  4,456    

Diluted average common shares

  9,927,157   9,122,678 

Earnings per share of common stock:

        

Basic

 $1.14  $(3.48)

Diluted

 $1.14  $(3.48)
Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Table Text Block]
      

Tax

     
  

Before Tax

  

(Expense)

  

Net of Tax

 
  

Amount

  

or Benefit

  

Amount

 

Year Ended September 30, 2023:

            

Interest rate swaps:

            

Unrealized gains

 $1,560,426  $(401,652) $1,158,774 

Transfer of realized gains to interest expense

  (1,741,437)  448,244   (1,293,193)

Net interest rate swaps

  (181,011)  46,592   (134,419)

Defined benefit plans:

            

Net gains arising during period

  491,270   (126,453)  364,817 

Amortization of actuarial losses

  78,813   (20,286)  58,527 

Net defined benefit plans

  570,083   (146,739)  423,344 

Other comprehensive income

 $389,072  $(100,147) $288,925 

Year Ended September 30, 2022:

            

Interest rate swaps:

            

Unrealized gains

 $5,617,251  $(1,445,878) $4,171,373 

Transfer of realized losses to interest expense

  377,299   (97,121)  280,178 

Net interest rate swaps

  5,994,550   (1,542,999)  4,451,551 

Defined benefit plans:

            

Net losses arising during period

  (1,221,368)  314,379   (906,989)

Amortization of actuarial gains

  (60,280)  15,516   (44,764)

Net defined benefit plans

  (1,281,648)  329,895   (951,753)

Other comprehensive income

 $4,712,902  $(1,213,104) $3,499,798 
Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Table Text Block]
  

Interest Rate Swaps

  

Defined Benefit Plans

  

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

 

Balance September 30, 2021

 $(888,210) $(647,224) $(1,535,434)

Other comprehensive income (loss)

  4,451,551   (951,753)  3,499,798 

Balance September 30, 2022

  3,563,341   (1,598,977)  1,964,364 

Other comprehensive income (loss)

  (134,419)  423,344   288,925 

Balance September 30, 2023

 $3,428,922  $(1,175,633) $2,253,289