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Note 9 - Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Changes in Projected Benefit Obligations, Fair Value of Plan Assets, and Funded Status of Plan [Table Text Block]

		Pension Plan								Postretirement Plan
		2023				2022				2023				2022
Accumulated benefit obligation		$	24,449,856			$	24,776,968			$	11,248,448			$	12,416,546
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year		$	27,268,456			$	37,654,468			$	12,416,546			$	16,796,849
Service cost			366,537				648,289				45,897				97,802
Interest cost			1,372,098				1,013,115				620,622				443,721
Actuarial gain			(1,031,160	)			(10,862,957	)			(1,331,541	)			(4,330,387	)
Benefit payments, net of retiree contributions			(1,228,307	)			(1,184,459	)			(503,076	)			(591,439	)
Benefit obligation at end of year		$	26,747,624			$	27,268,456			$	11,248,448			$	12,416,546
Change in fair value of plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year		$	28,017,797			$	38,914,107			$	12,138,119			$	15,882,342
Actual return on plan assets, net of taxes			89,171				(9,711,851	)			1,384,270				(3,152,784	)
Employer contributions			—				—				—				—
Benefit payments, net of retiree contributions			(1,228,307	)			(1,184,459	)			(503,076	)			(591,439	)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year		$	26,878,661			$	28,017,797			$	13,019,313			$	12,138,119
Funded status		$	131,037			$	749,341			$	1,770,865			$	(278,427	)
Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheet consist of:
Non-current assets		$	131,037			$	749,341			$	1,770,865			$	—
Non-current liabilities			—				—				—				(278,427	)
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income:
Net actuarial loss, net of tax		$	1,168,687			$	1,243,889			$	6,946			$	355,088
Total amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax		$	1,168,687			$	1,243,889			$	6,946			$	355,088
Amounts deferred to a regulatory asset (liability):
Net actuarial loss (gain)		$	4,029,282			$	4,132,472			$	(1,813,071	)		$	(30,118	)
Amounts recognized as regulatory assets (liabilities)		$	4,029,282			$	4,132,472			$	(1,813,071	)		$	(30,118	)

Defined Benefit Plan, Assumptions [Table Text Block]

		Pension Plan								Postretirement Plan
		2023				2022				2023				2022
Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:
Discount rate			5.63	%			5.15	%			5.63	%			5.16	%
Expected rate of compensation increase			4.00	%			4.00	%			N/A				N/A
Assumptions used to determine benefit costs:
Discount rate			5.15	%			2.73	%			5.16	%			2.70	%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets			4.50	%			4.75	%			3.95	%			4.24	%
Expected rate of compensation increase			4.00	%			4.00	%			N/A				N/A

Schedule of Net Benefit Costs [Table Text Block]

		Pension Plan								Postretirement Plan
		2023				2022				2023				2022
Service cost		$	366,537			$	648,289			$	45,897			$	97,802
Interest cost			1,372,098				1,013,115				620,622				443,721
Expected return on plan assets			(1,232,597	)			(1,831,550	)			(464,046	)			(666,167	)
Recognized loss			316,724				146,402				—				—
Net periodic benefit cost		$	822,762			$	(23,744	)		$	202,473			$	(124,644	)

Schedule of Health Care Cost Trend Rates [Table Text Block]

		Pre 65								Post 65
		2023				2022				2023				2022
Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year			6.30	%			6.00	%			5.20	%			5.20	%
Rate to which the cost trend is assumed to decline (the ultimate trend rate)			3.94	%			5.20	%			3.94	%			5.20	%
Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate		2075				2025				2075				2022

Schedule of Effect of One-Percentage-Point Change in Assumed Health Care Cost Trend Rates [Table Text Block]

		1% Increase				1% Decrease
Effect on total service and interest cost components		$	89,000			$	(74,000	)
Effect on accumulated postretirement benefit obligation			1,317,000				(1,117,000	)

Schedule of Allocation of Plan Assets [Table Text Block]

		Pension Plan												Postretirement Plan
		Target				2023				2022				Target				2023				2022
Asset category:
Equity securities			25	%			27	%			13	%			30	%			43	%			48	%
Debt securities			75	%			72	%			—	%			70	%			37	%			51	%
Cash			—	%			1	%			87	%			—	%			20	%			1	%

						Pension Plan
						Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2023
		Fair Value				Level 1				Level 2				Level 3
Asset Class:
Cash		$	202,218			$	202,218			$	—			$	—
Common and Collective Trust and Pooled Funds:
Bonds
Liability Driven Investment			16,446,813				—				16,446,813				—
Mutual Funds:
Domestic Fixed Income			3,000,525				3,000,525				—				—
Equities
Domestic Large Cap Growth			2,256,767				2,256,767				—				—
Domestic Large Cap Value			2,222,733				2,222,733				—				—
Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core			1,082,801				1,082,801				—				—
Foreign Large Cap Growth			481,309				481,309				—				—
Foreign Large Cap Value			463,907				463,907				—				—
Foreign Large Cap Core			721,588				721,588				—				—
Total		$	26,878,661			$	10,431,848			$	16,446,813			$	—

						Pension Plan
						Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2022
		Fair Value				Level 1				Level 2				Level 3
Asset Class:
Cash		$	24,312,969			$	24,312,969			$	—			$	—
Mutual Funds:
Equities
Domestic Large Cap Growth			1,172,296				1,172,296				—				—
Domestic Large Cap Value			1,172,714				1,172,714				—				—
Foreign Large Cap Growth			486,184				486,184				—				—
Foreign Large Cap Core			873,634				873,634				—				—
Total		$	28,017,797			$	28,017,797			$	—			$	—

						Postretirement Plan
						Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2023
		Fair Value				Level 1				Level 2				Level 3
Asset Class:
Cash		$	2,640,622			$	2,640,622			$	—			$	—
Mutual Funds:
Bonds
Domestic Fixed Income			4,841,048				4,841,048				—				—
Equities
Domestic Large Cap Growth			1,693,422				1,693,422				—				—
Domestic Large Cap Value			1,570,538				1,570,538				—				—
Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core			588,898				588,898				—				—
Foreign Large Cap Growth			433,886				433,886				—				—
Foreign Large Cap Value			526,364				526,364				—				—
Foreign Large Cap Core			724,535				724,535				—				—
Total		$	13,019,313			$	13,019,313			$	—			$	—

						Postretirement Plan
						Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2022
		Fair Value				Level 1				Level 2				Level 3
Asset Class:
Cash		$	75,219			$	75,219			$	—			$	—
Mutual Funds:
Bonds
Domestic Fixed Income			5,644,954				5,644,954				—				—
Foreign Fixed Income			589,284				589,284				—				—
Equities
Domestic Large Cap Growth			1,698,421				1,698,421				—				—
Domestic Large Cap Value			1,793,746				1,793,746				—				—
Domestic Small/Mid Cap Growth			182,823				182,823				—				—
Domestic Small/Mid Cap Value			202,921				202,921				—				—
Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core			443,900				443,900				—				—
Foreign Large Cap Growth			469,659				469,659				—				—
Foreign Large Cap Value			462,196				462,196				—				—
Foreign Large Cap Core			574,996				574,996				—				—
Total		$	12,138,119			$	12,138,119			$	—			$	—

Schedule of Expected Benefit Payments [Table Text Block]

		Pension				Postretirement
Fiscal year ending September 30		Plan				Plan
2024		$	1,335,133			$	713,518
2025			1,400,453				707,987
2026			1,486,089				710,935
2027			1,591,928				724,277
2028			1,665,580				721,402
2029 - 2033			9,316,587				3,957,815

NQDC Plan [Member]

Notes Tables

Defined Contribution Plan Disclosures [Table Text Block]

		2023				2022
Beginning deferred compensation balance		$	59,108			$	35,344
Employer contributions			—				33,280
Earnings (loss)			6,787				(9,516	)
Forfeitures			(18,221	)			—
Ending deferred compensation balance		$	47,674			$	59,108

The 401K Plan [Member]

Notes Tables

Defined Contribution Plan Disclosures [Table Text Block]

		Years Ended September 30
		2023				2022
Matching contribution		$	388,616			$	357,293
Discretionary contribution			75,899				47,429

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