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Note 3 - Segment Information - Segment Information (Details) - USD ($)
 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Mar. 31, 2023
Mar. 31, 2024
Mar. 31, 2023
Sep. 30, 2023
Operating revenues $ 32,659,376 $ 38,029,657 $ 57,078,728 $ 71,311,992  
Depreciation 2,697,707 2,419,541 5,395,414 4,839,082  
Operating income (loss) 8,629,709 9,591,422 15,281,746 15,135,907  
Equity in earnings 1,229,384 2,867 2,697,219 4,099  
Interest expense 1,566,613 1,395,862 3,202,886 2,765,026  
Income before income taxes 8,381,967 8,320,251 14,986,352 12,571,410  
Total assets 313,359,530   313,359,530   $ 303,729,340
Operating Segments [Member] | Gas Utility [Member]          
Operating revenues 32,632,331 38,000,977 57,024,185 71,253,744  
Depreciation 2,697,707 2,419,541 5,395,414 4,839,082  
Operating income (loss) 8,666,010 9,627,320 15,310,308 15,194,665  
Equity in earnings 0 0 0  
Interest expense 911,804 810,346 1,880,741 1,632,912  
Income before income taxes 7,844,299 8,939,360 13,640,033 13,759,315  
Total assets 271,487,651   271,487,651   268,664,460
Operating Segments [Member] | Investment in Affiliates [Member]          
Operating revenues 0 0 0  
Depreciation 0 0 0  
Operating income (loss) (55,285) (58,747) (68,688) (105,451)  
Equity in earnings 1,229,384 2,867 2,697,219 4,099  
Interest expense 654,809 585,516 1,322,145 1,132,114  
Income before income taxes 518,705 (641,933) 1,306,239 (1,234,548)  
Total assets 20,181,544   20,181,544   17,882,108
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item, Corporate Nonsegment [Member]          
Operating revenues 27,045 28,680 54,543 58,248  
Depreciation 0 0 0  
Operating income (loss) 18,984 22,849 40,126 46,693  
Equity in earnings 0 0 0  
Interest expense 0 0 0  
Income before income taxes 18,963 $ 22,824 40,080 $ 46,643  
Total assets $ 21,690,335   $ 21,690,335   $ 17,182,772