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Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities | Note 6 – Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities The Company measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value. The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., an ‘exit price’) in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is estimated by applying the following hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement: Level 1 – Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities that are accessible at the measurement date. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, these valuations do not entail a significant degree of judgment. Level 2 – Valuations based on observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 – Valuations based on inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts and other receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are carried at cost, which management believes approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The following tables present the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the Company’s estimated level within the fair value hierarchy of those assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023: Schedule of Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Valued on Recurring Basis
|  | Fair Value Measured at September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |
|  | Total at September 30, |  |  | Quoted prices in active markets |  |  | Significant other observable inputs |  |  | Significant unobservable inputs |
|  | 2024 |  |  | (Level 1) |  |  | (Level 2) |  |  | (Level 3) |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Crypto Assets |  | $ | 25,747,522 |  |  | $ | 25,747,522 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Investments |  |  | 100,000 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 100,000 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 25,847,522 |  |  | $ | 25,747,522 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 100,000 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Warrant Liabilities |  | $ | 17,813 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 17,813 |
|  | Fair Value Measured at December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |
|  | Total at December 31, |  |  | Quoted prices in active markets |  |  | Significant other observable inputs |  |  | Significant unobservable inputs |
|  | 2023 |  |  | (Level 1) |  |  | (Level 2) |  |  | (Level 3) |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Crypto Assets |  | $ | 25,202,929 |  |  | $ | 25,202,929 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Investments |  |  | 100,000 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 100,000 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 25,302,929 |  |  | $ | 25,202,929 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 100,000 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Warrant Liabilities |  | $ | 213,750 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 213,750 |
The Company did not make any transfers between the levels of the fair value hierarchy during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Level 3 Valuation Techniques Level 3 financial assets consist of private equity investments for which there is no current public market for these securities such that the determination of fair value requires significant judgment or estimation. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company’s Level 3 investments were carried at the original cost of the investments, with a value of $100,000. The Company has elected to apply the measurement alternative under ASC 321, Investments—Equity Securities, for these investments. Level 3 financial liabilities consist of the warrant liabilities for which there is no current market for these securities such that the determination of fair value requires significant judgment or estimation. Changes in fair value measurements categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are analyzed each period based on changes in estimates or assumptions and recorded as appropriate. A significant decrease in volatility or a significant decrease in the Company’s stock price, in isolation, would result in a significantly lower fair value measurement. Changes in the values of the warrant liabilities are recorded in “change in fair value of warrant liabilities” in the Company’s statements of operations. On March 2, 2021, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain purchasers which closed on March 4, 2021 pursuant to which the Company sold an aggregate of (i) 950,000 shares of Common Stock, and (ii) Common Stock warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase up to 712,500 shares of Common Stock for gross proceeds of $9.5 million in a private placement offering. The Warrants require, at the option of the holder, a net-cash settlement following certain fundamental transactions (as defined in the Warrants) at the Company. At the time of issuance, the Company maintained control of certain fundamental transactions and as such the Warrants were initially classified in equity. As of September 30, 2024, the Company no longer maintained control of certain fundamental transactions as they did not control a majority of shareholder votes. As such, the Company may be required to cash settle the Warrants if a fundamental transaction occurs which is outside the Company’s control. Accordingly, the Warrants are classified as liabilities. The Warrants have been recorded at their fair value using the Black-Scholes valuation model, and will be recorded at their respective fair value at each subsequent balance sheet date. This model incorporates transaction details such as the Company’s stock price, contractual terms, maturity, risk-free rates, as well as volatility. The Warrants require the issuance of registered shares upon exercise, do not expressly preclude an implied right to cash settlement and are therefore accounted for as derivative liabilities. The Company classifies these derivative warrant liabilities on the balance sheet as a current liability. A summary of quantitative information with respect to the valuation methodology and significant unobservable inputs used for the Company’s warrant liabilities that are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy at the date of issuance and, as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, is as follows: Summary of Valuation Methodology and Significant Unobservable Inputs Warrant Liabilities
|  | September 30, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Risk-free rate of interest |  |  | 3.98 | % |  |  | 4.23 | %
Expected volatility |  |  | 91.05 | % |  |  | 108.19 | %
Expected life (in years) |  |  | 1.42 |  |  |  | 2.18 |
Expected dividend yield |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
The risk-free interest rate was based on rates established by the Federal Reserve Bank. For the Warrants, the Company estimates expected volatility, giving primary consideration to the historical volatility of its Common Stock. The general expected volatility is based on the standard deviation of the Company’s underlying stock price’s daily logarithmic returns. The expected life of the warrants was determined by the expiration date of the warrants. The expected dividend yield was based on the fact that the Company has not historically paid dividends on its Common Stock and does not expect to pay recurring dividends on its Common Stock in the future. The following table sets forth a summary of the changes in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 financial assets and liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis: Schedule of Changes in Fair Value and Other Adjustments of Warrants
|  | Fair Value of Level 3 Financial Assets |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 100,000 |  |  |  | 100,000 |
Purchases |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Unrealized appreciation (depreciation) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Ending balance |  | $ | 100,000 |  |  | $ | 100,000 |
|  | Fair Value of Level 3 Financial Liabilities |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 213,750 |  |  | $ | 213,750 |
Fair value adjustment of warrant liabilities |  |  | (195,937 | ) |  |  | (142,500 | )
Ending balance |  | $ | 17,813 |  |  | $ | 71,250 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 55 -Paragraph 107 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-107 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 55 -Paragraph 100 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-100 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (c)(3) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2E -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2E Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (h) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (f) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (e) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (d) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (h) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (g) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 940 -SubTopic 820 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478119/940-820-50-1 + Details
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