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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2016
Income Taxes [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

(13) Income Taxes



The Company computes its consolidated income tax provision each quarter based on a projected annual effective tax rate, as required. The Company is required to reduce deferred tax assets by a valuation allowance if, based on all available evidence, it is considered more likely than not that some portion or all of the benefit of the deferred tax assets will not be realized in future periods.  The Company also records the income tax impact of certain discrete, unusual or infrequently occurring items including changes in judgment about valuation allowances and effects of changes in tax laws or rates, in the interim period in which they occur.



When a company maintains a valuation allowance in a particular jurisdiction, no net income tax expense or (benefit) will typically be provided on income (loss) for that jurisdiction on an annual basis.  Jurisdictions with projected income that maintain a valuation allowance typically will form part of the projected annual effective tax rate calculation discussed above.  However, jurisdictions with a projected loss for the year that maintain a valuation allowance are excluded from the projected annual effective income tax rate calculation. Instead, the income tax for these jurisdictions is computed separately.



The actual year to date income tax expense (benefit) is the product of the most current projected annual effective income tax rate and the actual year to date pre-tax income (loss) adjusted for any discrete tax items. The income tax expense (benefit) for a particular quarter is the difference between the year to date calculation of income tax expense (benefit) and the year to date calculation for the prior quarter.



Therefore, the actual effective income tax rate during a particular quarter can vary significantly based upon the jurisdictional mix and timing of actual earnings compared to projected annual earnings, permanent items, earnings for those jurisdictions that maintain a valuation allowance, tax associated with jurisdictions excluded from the projected annual effective income tax rate calculation and discrete items.



The Company recognized income tax expense of $919 and $32 from continuing operations for federal, state and foreign income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.  The increase in income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the same period for 2015 was primarily due to the increase in consolidated earnings. Also, income tax expense increased due to PST’s operating loss which generated a benefit for the third quarter of 2015, however, due to the valuation allowance position taken in the fourth quarter of 2015, no longer provides a tax benefit in 2016.  The effective tax rate increased to 8.4% in the third quarter of 2016 from 0.4% in the third quarter of 2015 primarily due to a full valuation allowance on PST’s loss that negatively impacted the effective tax rate. The impact of PST on the effective tax rate was partially offset by the continued strong performance of the U.S. operations which, due to a full valuation allowance, positively impacted the effective tax rate.



The Company recognized income tax expense (benefit) of $3,114 and $(202) from continuing operations for federal, state and foreign income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.  The increase in income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the same period for 2015 was primarily due to the increase in consolidated earnings. In addition, income tax expense increased due to PST’s operating loss which generated a benefit for the first nine months of 2015, however, due to the valuation allowance position taken in the fourth quarter of 2015, no longer provides a tax benefit in 2016.  The effective tax rate increased to 10.3% in the first nine months of 2016 from (1.3)% in the first nine months of 2015 primarily due to a full valuation allowance on PST’s loss that negatively impacted the effective tax rate. The impact of PST on the effective tax rate was partially offset by the continued strong performance of the U.S. operations which, due to a full valuation allowance, positively impacted the effective tax rate.