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INVESTMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
The following table presents the fair value hierarchy for our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively (in thousands):
Total Carrying ValueLevel 1Level 2Level 3
September 30, 2022
Assets:    
Funds held for clients
Money market funds$3,120 $3,120 $— $— 
Available-for-sale securities55,279 — 55,279 — 
Total$58,399 $3,120 $55,279 $— 
Liabilities:
Contingent purchase consideration(1)
$2,969 $— $— $2,969 
Total$2,969 $— $— $2,969 
December 31, 2021
Assets:
Funds held for clients
Money market funds$1,116 $1,116 $— $— 
Available-for-sale securities32,060 — 32,060 — 
Total$33,176 $1,116 $32,060 $— 
Liabilities:
Contingent purchase consideration(1)
$4,329 $— $— $4,329 
Total$4,329 $— $— $4,329 
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale
Restricted cash equivalents and investments classified as available-for-sale within funds held for clients consisted of the following (in thousands):
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains (1)
Gross
Unrealized
Losses (1)
Aggregate
Estimated
Fair Value
September 30, 2022
Restricted cash equivalents$3,120 $— $— $3,120 
Available-for-sale securities:
Certificates of deposit985 (1)988 
Corporate debt securities51,079 — (2,110)48,969 
Municipal bonds5,310 — (435)4,875 
U.S. Government agency securities500 — (53)447 
Total available-for-sale securities57,874 (2,599)55,279 
Total(2)
$60,994 $$(2,599)$58,399 
December 31, 2021
Restricted cash equivalents$1,116 $— $— $1,116 
Available-for-sale securities:
Certificates of deposit1,240 (4)1,243 
Corporate debt securities22,597 (76)22,523 
Municipal bonds7,825 (24)7,804 
U.S. Government agency securities500 — (10)490 
Total available-for-sale securities32,162 12 (114)32,060 
Total(2)
$33,278 $12 $(114)$33,176 

(1)Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are included as a component of comprehensive loss. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were 2 and 10 securities, respectively, in an unrealized gain position and there were 104 and 57 securities in an unrealized loss position, respectively. As of September 30, 2022, these unrealized losses were less than $99 individually and $2,601 in the aggregate. As of December 31, 2021, these unrealized losses were less than $11 individually and $114 in the aggregate. These securities have not been in a continuous unrealized gain or loss position for more than 12 months. We do not intend to sell these investments and we do not expect to sell these investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity. We review our investments to identify and evaluate investments that indicate possible other-than-temporary impairment. Factors considered in determining whether a loss is other-than-temporary include the length of time and extent to which fair value has been less than the cost basis, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the investee, and our intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value.

(2)At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, none of these securities were classified as cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Funds held for clients represent assets that the Company has classified as restricted for use solely for the purposes of satisfying the obligations to remit funds relating to the Company’s payroll and payroll tax filing services, which are classified as client funds obligations on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Funds held for clients have been invested in the following categories (in thousands):
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Restricted cash and cash equivalents held to satisfy client funds obligations$126,690 $185,213 
Restricted short-term marketable securities held to satisfy client funds obligations7,215 5,559 
Restricted long-term marketable securities held to satisfy client funds obligations48,064 26,501 
Total funds held for clients$181,969 $217,273 
Investments Classified by Contractual Maturity Date
Expected maturities of available-for-sale securities as of September 30, 2022 are as follows (in thousands):
One year or less$7,215 
After one year through five years48,064 
Total$55,279