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Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Tax Disclosure
NOTE 11 - INCOME TAXES

The components of the provision (benefit) for income taxes attributable to continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (in thousands):
20232022
Current
Federal$(57)$— 
State(59)204 
Total current$(116)$204 
Deferred
Federal$184 $187 
State41 (279)
Total deferred$225 $(92)
Total tax provision$109 $112 

Our provision for income taxes attributable to continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 differ from the expected tax expense (benefit) amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% to income before income taxes as a result of the following:
20232022
Computed at statutory rate$(1,912)$(3,013)
State tax, net of federal benefit(686)(1,181)
Permanent items and other63 31 
Stock compensation(428)(44)
Credit carryforwards(800)166 
Change in tax carryforwards not benefited591 14 
Change in valuation allowance3,281 4,139 
$109 $112 
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of our deferred taxes for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (in thousands):
20232022
Deferred tax assets
Net operating losses$11,643 $11,462 
Research and development credit carryforwards4,255 3,407 
Disallowed interest expense carryforwards— 187 
Stock compensation1,681 1,011 
Deferred revenue1 9 
Accrued expenses1,387 1,739 
Lease liabilities1,581 2,163 
Acquired intangibles857 — 
Capitalized software2,012 313 
Other3 3 
Gross deferred tax assets23,420 20,294 
Less: Valuation allowance(16,109)(12,828)
Total deferred tax assets$7,311 $7,466 
Deferred tax liabilities
Acquired intangibles$— $(1,257)
Fixed assets(167)(205)
Deferred commissions(2,660)(1,732)
Right-of-use assets(1,288)(1,837)
Goodwill(4,924)(3,938)
Total deferred tax liabilities$(9,039)$(8,969)
Net deferred tax liabilities$(1,728)$(1,503)

At December 31, 2023, we had federal net operating loss carryforwards of $49,240 and research and development credit carryforwards of $4,180. The net operating loss and research and development credit carryforwards will expire in varying amounts from 2024 through 2043, if not utilized. Approximately $19,591 of the net operating loss carryforwards carry forward indefinitely, but can only offset up to 80% of taxable income.

As a result of various acquisitions by us in prior years, we may be subject to a substantial annual limitation in the utilization of the net operating losses and credit carryforwards due to the “change in ownership” provisions of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. The annual limitation may result in the expiration of net operating losses before utilization. However, based on our analysis, we do not expect any material net operating losses to expire prior to utilization.

Due to the uncertainty surrounding the timing of realizing the benefits of our favorable tax attributes in future tax returns, we have placed a valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets, exclusive of jurisdictions in which we have net deferred tax liabilities. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the valuation allowance increased by $3,281 due primarily to operations.
Under ASC 740-10, Income Taxes, we periodically review the uncertainties and judgments related to the application of complex income tax regulations to determine income tax liabilities in several jurisdictions. We use a “more likely than not” criterion for recognizing an asset for unrecognized income tax benefits or a liability for uncertain tax positions. We have determined we have the following unrecognized assets or liabilities related to uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2023. We do not anticipate any significant changes in such uncertainties and judgments during the next twelve months. To the extent we are required to recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax liabilities, this amount will be recorded as an accrued liability. The reconciliation of our unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
Balance at December 31, 2021$614 
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year40 
Additions for tax positions of prior years— 
Reductions for tax positions of prior years(88)
Balance at December 31, 2022566 
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year45 
Additions for tax positions of prior years64 
Reductions for tax positions of prior years(26)
Balance at December 31, 2023$649 

As of December 31, 2023, we had $649 of unrecognized tax benefits, of which $28 would affect the effective tax rate if recognized.

Our practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, we recognized $0 of interest and penalties in our income tax expense.
We file tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in several state jurisdictions. We are subject to U.S. federal income tax examinations for years ending on or after December 31, 2020 and are subject to state and local income tax examinations by tax authorities for years ending on or after December 31, 2019. We are not currently under audit for any federal or state jurisdictions.