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Employee Benefit Plans and Stock-based Compensation | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2012
Employee Benefit Plans and Stock-based Compensation [Abstract] |
Employee Benefit Plans and Stock-based Compensation | Note 11. Employee Benefit Plans and Stock-based Compensation Stock Option Plans and Equity Incentive Plans In July 1997, our board of directors approved the 1997 Stock Option Plan ("1997 Plan"), which provides for the grant of incentive and non-qualified stock options to our employees, consultants and directors. Under the 1997 Plan, 5,423,583 shares of common stock have been authorized for issuance. Options granted under the 1997 Plan are generally for periods not to exceed ten years (five years if the option is granted to a 10% stockholder) and are granted at the fair market value of the stock at the date of grant as determined by the board of directors. Options granted under the 1997 Plan generally vest 25% at the end of one year and 2.1% each month thereafter, with full vesting after four years. In May 2007, our shareholders approved our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2007 Plan"). The 2007 Plan is a restatement of the 1997 Plan which was expired 2007. The 1,928,994 share reserve of the 1997 Plan became the reserve of the 2007 Plan, together with 1,300,000 additional shares approved for issuance under the 2007 Plan. Awards may be made under the 2007 Plan are stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance units, deferred compensation awards and other stock-based awards. Stock options and stock appreciation rights awarded under the 2007 Plan may not be repriced without stockholder approval. Stock options and stock appreciation rights may not be granted below fair market value. Stock options or stock appreciation rights generally shall not be fully vested over a period of less than three years from the date of grant and cannot be exercised more than 10 years from the date of grant. Restricted stock, restricted stock units, and performance awards generally shall not vest faster than over a three-year period (or a twelve-month period if vesting is based on a performance measure). In December 2008, the 2007 Plan was amended to comply with the applicable requirements under Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code. As of December 31, 2012, approximately 213,000 shares were available for grant under the 2007 Plan. Stock Options The following summarizes our stock option activity under the 2007 Plan, and the related weighted average exercise price within each category for each of the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011, and 2012 (in thousands, except per share data):
Stock Options | Number of Options Outstanding | Weighted- average Exercise Price | Weighted- average Remaining Contractual Life | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
|  |  | (in years) |
Balance as of January 1, 2010 | 2,880 | 2.46 | 5.70 | $ 3,850
Granted | 399 | 5.93 |  |
Exercised | (876) | 1.71 |  |
Canceled and expired | (123) | 7.26 |  |
Balance as of December 31, 2010 | 2,280 | 3.10 | 6.40 | $17,030
Granted | 367 | 4.79 |  |
Exercised | (251) | 2.54 |  |
Canceled and expired | (16) | 27.98 |  |
Balance as of December 31, 2011 | 2,380 | 3.25 | 6.25 | $ 3,456
Granted | 592 | 3.32 |  |
Exercised | (136) | 2.17 |  |
Canceled and expired | (109) | 4.25 |  |
Balance as of December 31, 2012 | 2,727 | $3.28 | 6.71 | $ 1,353
Options vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2012 | 2,717 | $3.28 | 6.70 | $ 1,352
Options exercisable as of December 31, 2012 | 1,595 | $2.88 | 5.16 | $ 1,235
The options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2012 were in the following exercise price ranges (in thousands, except per share data):
| Options Outstanding as of December 31, 2012 | Options Vested and Exercisable as of December 31, 2012
Range of Exercise Price |  | Shares | Weighted-average Exercise Price | Weighted-average Remaining Contractual Life | Shares | Weighted-Average Exercise Price
$1.18 - $1.38 | 403 | $1.31 | 1.49 | 403 | $1.31
$1.40 - $1.40 | 1 | $1.40 | 2.20 | 1 | $1.40
$1.59 - $1.59 | 328 | $1.59 | 6.29 | 294 | $1.59
$1.88 - $1.91 | 8 | $1.90 | 1.74 | 8 | $1.90
$2.04 - $2.04 | 442 | $2.04 | 6.82 | 343 | $2.04
$2.91 - $2.91 | 488 | $2.91 | 9.85 | 0 | $0.00
$3.11 - $4.09 | 91 | $3.37 | 3.48 | 67 | $3.17
$4.79 - $4.79 | 366 | $4.79 | 8.82 | 107 | $4.79
$4.81 - $5.61 | 145 | $5.26 | 6.85 | 65 | $4.84
$5.83 - $7.82 | 455 | $6.00 | 7.16 | 307 | $6.01
| 2,727 | $3.28 | 6.71 | 1,595 | $2.88
There were 136,000, 251,000 and 876,000 options exercised in the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $392,000, $1.6 million and $4.3 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2012, the total unamortized stock-based compensation cost related to unvested stock options granted to employees under our stock option plans was approximately $2.2 million, net of estimated forfeitures of $20,000. This cost is being amortized on a straight-line basis over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.6 years and will be adjusted for subsequent changes in estimated forfeitures. We did not capitalize any stock-based compensation to inventory as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, as the amounts are not significant. Restricted Stock Awards A summary of activity related to restricted stock awards for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012 is presented below:
Stock Awards | Shares | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested as of January 1, 2010 | 170,660 | $ 1.21
Granted | 121,237 | 5.29
Vested | (69,092) | 1.48
Forfeited | (4,400) | 5.83
Non-vested as of December 31, 2010 | 218,405 | 3.30
Granted | 97,986 | 5.21
Vested | (93,264) | 2.51
Non-vested as of December 31, 2011 | 223,127 | 4.47
Granted | 113,768 | 3.18
Vested | (98,172) | 3.42
Non-vested as of December 31, 2012 | 238,723 | $ 4.27
Total grant date fair value of stock awards vested during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $336,000, $234,000 and $102,000, respectively. As of December 31, 2012, we had $867,000 of unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted stock awards, which will be recognized over the weighted average period of 2.7 years. Common Stock The following number of shares of common stock were reserved and available for future issuance at December 31, 2012:
Options outstanding | 2,726,695
Restricted stock awards outstanding | 238,723
Stock available for future grant: 2007 Equity Incentive Plan | 213,228
Total | 3,178,646
Stock-based Compensation We recorded $1.2 million, $896,000 and $655,000 of stock-based compensation in our consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The following table summarizes compensation costs related to our stock-based compensation awards (in thousands, except per share data):
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2012 | 2011 | 2010
Stock-based compensation in the form of employee stock options and restricted stock, included in: |  |  |
Cost of revenue | $ 78 | $ 84 | $ 36
Selling, general and administrative | 1,000 | 766 | 562
Research and development | 137 | 46 | 57
Total stock-based compensation | 1,215 | 896 | 655
Tax effect on stock-based compensation | — | — | —
Net effect on net income | $ 1,215 | $ 896 | $655
Shares used in computing basic net income per share | 32,144 | 31,872 | 31,008
Shares used in computing diluted net income per share | 32,865 | 33,061 | 32,512
Effect on basic net income per share | $ (0.04) | $ (0.03) | $ (0.02)
Effect on diluted net income per share | $ (0.04) | $ (0.03) | $ (0.02)
We estimate the fair value of stock options using a Black-Scholes valuation model. There were 592,000, 367,000 and 399,000 stock options granted with weighted-average grant date fair value of $1.79, $2.65 and $3.11 per share during 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The fair value of options granted was estimated at the date of grant using the following weighted-average assumptions:
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2012 | 2011 | 2010
Expected term (in years) | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0
Volatility | 72.87% | 69.84% | 69.0%
Expected dividend | 0% | 0% | 0%
Risk-free interest rate | 0.57% | 1.00% | 2.04%
The expected term for stock options is based on the observed historical option exercise behavior and post-vesting forfeitures of options by our employees, and the contractual term, the vesting period and the expected term of the outstanding options. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of our Company's common stock. The dividend yield of zero is based on the fact that we have never paid cash dividends and have no present intention to pay cash dividends. The risk-free interest rates are taken from the Daily Federal Yield Curve Rates as of the grant dates as published by the Federal Reserve and represent the yields on actively traded Treasury securities for terms equal to the expected term of the options. Retirement Savings Plan We have a 401(k) Savings Plan ("Savings Plan") which qualifies as a thrift plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. All full-time U.S. employees are eligible to participate in the Savings Plan after 90 days from the date of hire. Employees may elect to reduce their current compensation by up to the statutory prescribed annual limit and have the amount of such reduction contributed to the 401(k) Plan. We provide matching to employee contributions up to 4% of the employees' base pay if employees contribute at least 6% of their base pay. If the contribution rate is less than 6% of the base pay, the matching percentage is prorated. Our consolidated joint ventures in China also contribute to the retirement saving plans for the full-time employees in China which are generally covered by union retirement plans. Our contributions to the retirement savings plans were $900,000, $610,000, and $485,000 for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) -Number Topic 14 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5070-113901 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 50 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6406099&loc=d3e25284-112666 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5047-113901 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher AICPA -Name Statement of Position (SOP) -Number 93-6 -Paragraph 53 -LegacyDoc This reference is SUPERSEDED by the Accounting Standards Codification effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. This reference is included to help users transition from the previous accounting hierarchy and will be removed from future versions of this taxonomy. Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 40 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6418621&loc=d3e17540-113929 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (FAS) -Number 123R -Paragraph 64, 65, A240 -LegacyDoc This reference is SUPERSEDED by the Accounting Standards Codification effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. This reference is included to help users transition from the previous accounting hierarchy and will be removed from future versions of this taxonomy. Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5444-113901 + Details
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