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Stockholders' Equity (Details) - USD ($)
 3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended 12 Months Ended 84 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2023
Mar. 31, 2023
Sep. 30, 2022
Jun. 30, 2022
Mar. 31, 2022
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2022
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2022
Oct. 27, 2014
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                      
Balance, beginning of period $ 232,991,000 $ 243,418,000 $ 244,900,000 $ 238,464,000 $ 236,551,000 $ 229,846,000 $ 244,900,000 $ 229,846,000      
Common stock options exercised   2,000 8,000 371,000 146,000            
Investment in subsidiary with noncontrolling interest 199,000 306,000 203,000 789,000 1,179,000 (206,000)          
Investment in subsidiary with redeemable noncontrolling interest (44,000) (75,000) (36,000)       (155,000)        
Noncontrolling interest portion of Tongmei stock-based compensation (71,000) 17,000 17,000 16,000 16,000 10,000          
Stock-based compensation 703,000 720,000 717,000 921,000 919,000 875,000          
Tongmei stock-based compensation 188,000 192,000 198,000 115,000 218,000 213,000          
Investment in subsidiary from noncontrolling interest           1,887,000          
Net income (loss) (6,059,000) (5,051,000) (3,517,000) 6,205,000 5,996,000 3,554,000          
Other comprehensive income (loss) (460,000) (6,538,000) 928,000 (6,722,000) (6,561,000) 372,000          
Balance, end of period 227,447,000 232,991,000 243,418,000 240,159,000 238,464,000 236,551,000 227,447,000 240,159,000   $ 244,900,000  
Reclassification adjustment from AOCI 0     0     0 0      
Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests (356,000)     525,000     (807,000) 1,500,000      
Other comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests $ (55,000)     (635,000)     $ (615,000) (1,200,000)      
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount                     $ 5,000,000.0
Shares repurchased (in shares) 0           0   908,000 0  
Average price of shares repurchased (in dollars per share)                 $ 2.52    
Total purchase price                 $ 2,300,000    
Stock repurchase program remaining authorized repurchase amount $ 2,700,000           $ 2,700,000        
Preferred Stock                      
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                      
Balance, beginning of period 3,532,000 3,532,000 3,532,000 3,532,000 3,532,000 3,532,000 3,532,000 3,532,000      
Balance, end of period 3,532,000 3,532,000 3,532,000 3,532,000 3,532,000 3,532,000 3,532,000 3,532,000   $ 3,532,000  
Common Stock                      
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                      
Balance, beginning of period 44,000 44,000 44,000 43,000 43,000 43,000 44,000 43,000      
Balance, end of period 44,000 44,000 44,000 43,000 43,000 43,000 44,000 43,000   44,000  
Additional Paid-In Capital                      
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                      
Balance, beginning of period 236,988,000 236,192,000 235,308,000 233,364,000 232,317,000 231,622,000 235,308,000 231,622,000      
Common stock options exercised   2,000 8,000 371,000 146,000            
Investment in subsidiary with noncontrolling interest (43,000) (74,000) (36,000) (259,000) (268,000) (410,000)          
Investment in subsidiary with redeemable noncontrolling interest (44,000) (75,000) (36,000)                
Noncontrolling interest portion of Tongmei stock-based compensation (139,000) 31,000 33,000 20,000 32,000 17,000          
Stock-based compensation 703,000 720,000 717,000 921,000 919,000 875,000          
Tongmei stock-based compensation 188,000 192,000 198,000 115,000 218,000 213,000          
Balance, end of period 237,653,000 236,988,000 236,192,000 234,532,000 233,364,000 232,317,000 237,653,000 234,532,000   235,308,000  
Accumulated Deficit                      
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                      
Balance, beginning of period (22,596,000) (17,507,000) (14,159,000) (21,259,000) (26,805,000) (29,970,000) (14,159,000) (29,970,000)      
Net income (loss) (5,823,000) (5,089,000) (3,348,000) 5,759,000 5,546,000 3,165,000          
Balance, end of period (28,419,000) (22,596,000) (17,507,000) (15,500,000) (21,259,000) (26,805,000) (28,419,000) (15,500,000)   (14,159,000)  
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)                      
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                      
Balance, beginning of period (8,175,000) (2,260,000) (3,118,000) 637,000 6,629,000 6,302,000 (3,118,000) 6,302,000      
Other comprehensive income (loss) (406,000) (5,915,000) 858,000 (6,094,000) (5,992,000) 327,000          
Balance, end of period (8,581,000) (8,175,000) (2,260,000) (5,457,000) 637,000 6,629,000 (8,581,000) (5,457,000)   (3,118,000)  
AXT, Inc. Stockholders' Equity                      
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                      
Balance, beginning of period 209,793,000 220,001,000 221,607,000 216,317,000 215,716,000 211,529,000 221,607,000 211,529,000      
Common stock options exercised   2,000 8,000 371,000 146,000            
Investment in subsidiary with noncontrolling interest (43,000) (74,000) (36,000) (259,000) (268,000) (410,000)          
Investment in subsidiary with redeemable noncontrolling interest (44,000) (75,000) (36,000)                
Noncontrolling interest portion of Tongmei stock-based compensation (139,000) 31,000 33,000 20,000 32,000 17,000          
Stock-based compensation 703,000 720,000 717,000 921,000 919,000 875,000          
Tongmei stock-based compensation 188,000 192,000 198,000 115,000 218,000 213,000          
Net income (loss) (5,823,000) (5,089,000) (3,348,000) 5,759,000 5,546,000 3,165,000          
Other comprehensive income (loss) (406,000) (5,915,000) 858,000 (6,094,000) (5,992,000) 327,000          
Balance, end of period 204,229,000 209,793,000 220,001,000 217,150,000 216,317,000 215,716,000 204,229,000 217,150,000   221,607,000  
Noncontrolling Interests                      
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                      
Balance, beginning of period 23,198,000 23,417,000 23,293,000 22,147,000 20,835,000 18,317,000 23,293,000 18,317,000      
Investment in subsidiary with noncontrolling interest 242,000 380,000 239,000 1,048,000 1,447,000 204,000          
Noncontrolling interest portion of Tongmei stock-based compensation 68,000 (14,000) (16,000) (4,000) (16,000) (7,000)          
Investment in subsidiary from noncontrolling interest           1,887,000          
Net income (loss) (236,000) 38,000 (169,000) 446,000 450,000 389,000          
Other comprehensive income (loss) (54,000) (623,000) 70,000 (628,000) (569,000) 45,000          
Balance, end of period $ 23,218,000 $ 23,198,000 $ 23,417,000 $ 23,009,000 $ 22,147,000 $ 20,835,000 $ 23,218,000 $ 23,009,000   $ 23,293,000