<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001437749-25-033870.txt : 20251107
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20251107163143
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001437749-25-033870
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	S-3
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		26
FILED AS OF DATE:		20251107
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20251107

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			AXT INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001051627
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	SEMICONDUCTORS & RELATED DEVICES [3674]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	04 Manufacturing
		EIN:				943031310
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		S-3
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-291378
		FILM NUMBER:		251463139

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		4281 TECHNOLOGY DR.
		CITY:			FREMONT
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94538
		BUSINESS PHONE:		510.438.4734

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		4281 TECHNOLOGY DR.
		CITY:			FREMONT
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94538

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	AMERICAN XTAL TECHNOLOGY
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19971217
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 7, 2025</b></p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b>Registration No. 333-</b></p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>UNITED STATES</b><br/>
<b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>Washington, D.C. 20549</b></p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>FORM <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="d_2025-01-01_2025-06-30" name="dei:DocumentType" id="c3">S-3</ix:nonNumeric></b></p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><b>REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933</b></p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: center; margin: 0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline; "><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="d_2025-01-01_2025-06-30" name="dei:EntityRegistrantName" id="c4">AXT, Inc.</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;">(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)</p>

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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>&#8203;<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="d_2025-01-01_2025-06-30" name="dei:EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" id="c5" format="ixt-sec:stateprovnameen">Delaware</ix:nonNumeric></b></p>

			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">(State or other jurisdiction of<br/>
			incorporation or organization)</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="d_2025-01-01_2025-06-30" name="dei:EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" id="c6">94-3031310</ix:nonNumeric></b></p>

			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">(I.R.S. Employer<br/>
			Identification No.)</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="d_2025-01-01_2025-06-30" name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1" id="c7">4281 Technology Drive</ix:nonNumeric></b></p>

			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="d_2025-01-01_2025-06-30" name="dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown" id="c8">Fremont</ix:nonNumeric>, <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="d_2025-01-01_2025-06-30" name="dei:EntityAddressStateOrProvince" id="c9" format="ixt-sec:stateprovnameen">California</ix:nonNumeric> <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="d_2025-01-01_2025-06-30" name="dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode" id="c10">94538</ix:nonNumeric></b></p>

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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">(Address, including zip code, and telephone number,</p>

			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">including area code, of registrant&#8217;s principal executive offices)</p>
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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#8203;&#160;&#160;&#8203;</p>

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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>Morris S. Young</b></p>

			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>Chief Executive Officer</b></p>

			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>4281 Technology Drive</b></p>

			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>Fremont, California 94538</b></p>

			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>(510) 438-4700</b></p>

			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number,</p>

			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Including area code, of agent for service)</p>
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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b><i>&#8203;Copies to:</i></b>&#160;</p>

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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Scott Bartel</p>

			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Lewis Brisbois Bisgaard &amp; Smith LLP</p>

			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">633 West 5<sup style="vertical-align:top;line-height:120%;">th</sup> Street, Suite 4000</p>

			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Los Angeles, California 90071</p>

			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">(213) 358-6174</p>
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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>&#8203;&#8203;From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.</b><br/>
(Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public)</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt -9pt 0pt -1pt;">If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box: &#9744;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. &#9746;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt -9pt 0pt -1pt;">If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. &#9744;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. &#9744;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box.&#160;&#9744;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box.&#160;&#9744;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of &#8220;large accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;smaller reporting company,&#8221; and &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;">Large accelerated filer&#9744;</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 99pt;">Accelerated filer &#9744;</p>
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			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:27%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="d_2025-01-01_2025-06-30" name="dei:EntityFilerCategory" id="c13" format="ixt-sec:entityfilercategoryen">Non-accelerated filer</ix:nonNumeric>&#9746;</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 99pt;">Smaller reporting company<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="d_2025-01-01_2025-06-30" name="dei:EntitySmallBusiness" id="c14" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#9746;</ix:nonNumeric></p>
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			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 99pt;">Emerging growth company <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="d_2025-01-01_2025-06-30" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" id="c15" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></p>
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			<td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:54.1%;">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act &#9744;</td>
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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt;"><b>This</b>&#160;<b>Registration Statement shall hereafter become effective in accordance with the provisions of Section 8(a)</b>&#160;<b>of the Securities Act of 1933.</b></p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -9pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt;"><b>If</b>&#160;<b>the Securities and Exchange Commission resumes full operation before the Registration Statement becomes effective, we may file an amendment to this Registration Statement requesting a delay or change in the effectiveness of the Registration Statement.</b></p>

<div style="font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</div>

<hr style="height: 1px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; width: 100%; border: none; margin: 3pt 0"/>
<hr style="height: 3px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; width: 100%; border: none; margin: 0 0 3pt 0"/>
<div>&#160;</div>

<div class="PGBK" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt">
<div class="PGFTR" style="text-align: center; width: 100%">
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<div class="hf-cell PGNUM" style="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times New Roman;">i</div>
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</div>
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<div class="PGBK" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt">
<div class="PGFTR" style="text-align: center; width: 100%">
<div class="hf-row">&#160;</div>
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<hr style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always; border: none; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000"/>
<div class="PGHDR" style="text-align: left; width: 100%">
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<div class="hf-cell TOCLink">&#160;</div>
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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><b>The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. The securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.</b></span></p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><b>Subject to Completion, dated November 7, 2025</b></span></p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>PROSPECTUS</b></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="text-align:center;font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><img alt="logo.jpg" src="logo.jpg"/></p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><b>AXT, Inc.</b></p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><b>$ 100,000,000</b></p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><b>Common Stock</b><br/>
<b>Preferred Stock</b><br/>
<b>Debt Securities</b><br/>
<b>Depositary Shares</b><br/>
<b>Warrants</b><br/>
<b>Subscription Rights</b><br/>
<b>Purchase Contracts</b><br/>
<b>Units</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify;">We may issue securities from time to time in one or more offerings, in amounts, at prices and on terms determined at the time of offering. This prospectus describes the general terms of these securities and the general manner in which these securities will be offered. We will provide the specific terms of these securities in supplements to this prospectus, which will also describe the specific manner in which these securities will be offered and may also supplement, update or amend information contained in this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement before you invest. The aggregate offering price of the securities we sell pursuant to this prospectus will not exceed $100,000,000.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify;">The securities may be sold directly to you, through agents or through underwriters and dealers. If agents, underwriters or dealers are used to sell the securities, we will name them and describe their compensation in a prospectus supplement. The price to the public of those securities and the net proceeds we expect to receive from that sale will also be set forth in a prospectus supplement.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify;">Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol &#8220;AXTI.&#8221; Each prospectus supplement will indicate whether the securities offered thereby will be listed on any securities exchange.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify;">We are a worldwide materials science company that develops and produces high-performance compound and single element semiconductor substrates, also known as wafers. Our principal corporate office is located in Fremont, California and all of our products are manufactured in the People&#8217;s Republic of China (the &#8220;PRC&#8221; or &#8220;China&#8221;) by our PRC subsidiaries and PRC joint ventures. We are neither a PRC operating company nor do we conduct our operations in China through the use of variable interest entities (&#8220;VIEs&#8221;). The Company believes that it does not require any permissions or approvals from the China Securities Regulatory Commission (&#8220;CSRC&#8221;) or other PRC central government authorities to complete this offering of securities because it is a Delaware corporation with its principal corporate office in Fremont, California and the PRC laws and regulations that govern the listing of securities on a U.S. securities exchange apply to PRC companies. Recent statements and regulatory actions by China&#8217;s government on the use of VIEs and data security or anti-monopoly concerns have not impacted our ability to conduct our business or continue to list our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify;">We have created a vertically integrated supply chain and transfer cash through our corporate structure in three ways. First, we capitalize our investments in our PRC subsidiaries. We licensed to our PRC subsidiaries intellectual property and received from our PRC subsidiaries royalty payments or one-time fees. Second, we use transfer pricing arrangements to buy from our PRC subsidiaries and PRC joint ventures wafers and raw materials. We review the terms of the transfer pricing arrangements annually with our independent registered public accounting firm. In the past, we sold to our PRC subsidiaries capital equipment that we purchased at the request of our PRC subsidiaries and for which we were reimbursed by the applicable PRC subsidiary. In recent years, Tongmei purchases capital equipment from suppliers in Taiwan, Japan, China, Europe or South Korea. Third, our PRC subsidiaries and PRC joint ventures pay dividends to entities within the Company&#8217;s corporate structure. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the aggregate dividends paid to the Company, directly or to an intermediate entity within our corporate structure, by our PRC subsidiaries and PRC raw material joint ventures were approximately $2.4 million, $4.3 million and $2.9 million, respectively. For years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, no dividends were paid to minority shareholders by our PRC subsidiaries and PRC raw material joint ventures. In the year ended December 31, 2024, we continued the settlement of amounts owed under our transfer pricing arrangements in the ordinary course of business. We have no current intentions to distribute earnings to our investors under our corporate structure.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify;">The cash generated from one PRC subsidiary is not used to fund another PRC subsidiary&#8217;s operations. None of our PRC subsidiaries has ever faced difficulties or limitations on its ability to transfer cash between our subsidiaries. We have cash management policies that dictate the amount of such funding.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><b>Investing in these securities involves risks. We are subject to a number of unique legal and operational risks associated with our corporate structure, any of which could result in a material change in our operations and/or the value of our common stock or cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless. Please carefully read the information beginning on page 9 of this prospectus and included in </b>&#8220;<b>Item 1A </b>&#8211;<b> Risk Factors</b>&#8221;<b> of our most recent report on Form 10-K or 10-Q that is incorporated by reference in this prospectus before you invest in our securities. </b>&#160;<b>Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.</b></p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">The date of this prospectus is&#160;_______, 2025</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>TABLE OF CONTENTS</b></p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline; ">Page</span></b></p>

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			<p style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; margin: 0pt;"><a href="#specialnote" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</a></p>
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			<td style="width: 10%; text-align: right;"><a class="tocPGNUM" href="#specialnote">1</a></td>
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			<td>
			<p style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; margin: 0pt;"><a href="#aboutpro" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS</a></p>
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			<td style="text-align: right; width: 10%;"><a class="tocPGNUM" href="#aboutpro">2</a></td>
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			<td style="width: 90%;"><a href="#summary" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">PROSPECTUS SUMMARY</a></td>
			<td style="text-align: right; width: 10%;"><a class="tocPGNUM" href="#summary">3</a></td>
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			<td style="width: 90%;"><a href="#riskfactors" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">RISK FACTORS</a></td>
			<td style="text-align: right; width: 10%;"><a class="tocPGNUM" href="#riskfactors">9</a></td>
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			<td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in" valign="top"><a href="#cyber" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">PRC CYBERSECURITY</a></td>
			<td style="text-align: right; width: 10%;"><a class="tocPGNUM" href="#cyber">9</a></td>
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			<p style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; margin: 0pt;"><a href="#dividend" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">DIVIDEND POLICY</a></p>
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			<td style="text-align: right; width: 10%;"><a class="tocPGNUM" href="#dividend">9</a></td>
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			<td style="width: 90%;"><a href="#useofproceeds" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">USE OF PROCEEDS</a></td>
			<td style="text-align: right; width: 10%;"><a class="tocPGNUM" href="#useofproceeds">9</a></td>
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			<td style="width: 90%;"><a href="#descapstock" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK</a></td>
			<td style="text-align: right; width: 10%;"><a class="tocPGNUM" href="#descapstock">9</a></td>
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			<td style="width: 90%;"><a href="#desdebtsec" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES</a></td>
			<td style="text-align: right; width: 10%;"><a class="tocPGNUM" href="#desdebtsec">10</a></td>
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			<td style="width: 90%;"><a href="#desdeposhares" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">DESCRIPTION OF DEPOSITARY SHARES</a></td>
			<td style="text-align: right; width: 10%;"><a class="tocPGNUM" href="#desdeposhares">17</a></td>
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			<td style="width: 90%;"><a href="#deswarrants" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS</a></td>
			<td style="text-align: right; width: 10%;"><a class="tocPGNUM" href="#deswarrants">20</a></td>
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			<td style="width: 90%;"><a href="#dessubrights" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS</a></td>
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			<td style="width: 90%;"><a href="#despurcontracts" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">DESCRIPTION OF&#160;PURCHASE CONTRACTS</a></td>
			<td style="text-align: right; width: 10%;"><a class="tocPGNUM" href="#despurcontracts">22</a></td>
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			<td style="width: 90%;"><a href="#descriptionunits" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">DESCRIPTION OF&#160;UNITS</a></td>
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			<td style="width: 90%;"><a href="#planofdistro" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</a></td>
			<td style="text-align: right; width: 10%;"><a class="tocPGNUM" href="#planofdistro">24</a></td>
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			<td style="width: 90%;"><a href="#legalmatters" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">LEGAL MATTERS</a></td>
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			<td style="width: 90%;"><a href="#experts" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">EXPERTS</a></td>
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			<td style="width: 90%;"><a href="#whereinfo" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION</a></td>
			<td style="text-align: right; width: 10%;"><a class="tocPGNUM" href="#whereinfo">26</a></td>
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			<td style="width: 90%;"><a href="#incorpbyref" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">INCORPORATION OF INFORMATION BY REFERENCE</a></td>
			<td style="text-align: right; width: 10%;"><a class="tocPGNUM" href="#incorpbyref">27</a></td>
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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt;"><b>No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained in this prospectus.</b>&#160;<b> You must not rely on any unauthorized information or representations. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The information contained in this prospectus is current only as of its date.</b></p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><b><a id="specialnote" href="#"></a>SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">This prospectus, each prospectus supplement and the information incorporated by reference in this prospectus and each prospectus supplement contain certain statements that constitute &#8220;forward-looking statements&#8221; within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Statements regarding completing steps in connection with the proposed listing of shares of Tongmei on the STAR Market, being accepted to list shares of Tongmei on the STAR Market and the timing and completion of such listing of shares of Tongmei on the STAR Market are forward-looking statements. The words &#8220;believe,&#8221; &#8220;may,&#8221; &#8220;will,&#8221; &#8220;estimate,&#8221; &#8220;continue,&#8221; &#8220;anticipate,&#8221; &#8220;intend,&#8221; &#8220;expect,&#8221; &#8220;could,&#8221; &#8220;would,&#8221; &#8220;project,&#8221; &#8220;plan,&#8221; &#8220;potentially,&#8221; &#8220;likely,&#8221; and similar expressions and variations thereof are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. Those statements appear in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated herein and therein by reference, particularly in the sections captioned &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; and &#8220;Management&#8217;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations&#8221; and include statements regarding the intent, belief or current expectations of our management that are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions. These risks, uncertainties and assumptions include, but are not limited to, the withdrawal, cancellations or requests for redemptions by private equity funds in China of their investments in Tongmei, the administrative challenges in satisfying the requirements of various government agencies in China in connection with the investments in Tongmei and the listing of shares of Tongmei on the STAR Market, continued open access to companies to list shares on the STAR Market, investor enthusiasm for new listings of shares on the STAR Market, geopolitical tensions between China and the United States, and other factors described in the section of this prospectus captioned &#8220;Risk Factors.&#8221; You are cautioned that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties, and that actual results may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">Because forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified, you should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States and the rules and regulations of the SEC, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein after we distribute this prospectus, whether as a result of any new information, future events or otherwise.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">In addition, statements that &#8220;we believe&#8221; and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this prospectus, and although we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted a thorough inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus may contain market data that we obtain from industry sources. These sources do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of the information. Although we believe that our industry sources are reliable, we do not independently verify the information. The market data may include projections that are based on a number of other projections. While we believe these assumptions to be reasonable and sound as of the date of this prospectus, actual results may differ from the projections.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b><a id="aboutpro" href="#"></a>ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, using a &#8220;shelf&#8221; registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may from time to time sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities that may be offered. Each time we sell securities, we will provide one or more prospectus supplements that will contain specific information about the terms of the offering. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should read both this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement together with the additional information described under the heading &#8220;Where You Can Find More Information.&#8221;</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information that is different from that contained, or incorporated by reference, in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or in any related free writing prospectus. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus do not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the securities described in the applicable prospectus supplement or an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy such securities in any circumstances in which such offer or solicitation is unlawful. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement, the documents incorporated by reference and any related free writing prospectus is accurate only as of their respective dates. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed materially since those dates.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b><a id="summary" href="#"></a>PROSPECTUS SUMMARY</b></p>

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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><i>This summary highlights selected information that is presented in greater detail elsewhere, or incorporated by reference, in this prospectus. It does not contain all of the information that may be important to you and your investment decision. Before investing in our securities, you should carefully read this entire prospectus, including the matters set forth under the section of this prospectus captioned </i>&#8220;<i>Risk Factors</i>&#8221;<i> and the financial statements and related notes and other information that we incorporate by reference herein, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K and our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. Unless the context indicates otherwise, references in this prospectus to </i>&#8220;<i>AXT,</i>&#8221;<i> </i>&#8220;<i>the Company,</i>&#8221;<i> </i>&#8220;<i>we,</i>&#8221;<i> </i>&#8220;<i>our</i>&#8221;<i> and </i>&#8220;<i>us</i>&#8221;<i> refer, collectively, to AXT, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries taken as a whole.</i></p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Company Overview</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">AXT is a worldwide materials science company that develops and produces high-performance compound and single element semiconductor wafers. Two of our consolidated PRC subsidiaries produce and sell certain raw materials, some of which are used in our substrate manufacturing process and some of which are sold to other companies.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">Our substrate wafers are used when a typical silicon substrate wafer cannot meet the conductive requirements of a semiconductor or optoelectronic device. The dominant substrates used in producing semiconductor chips and other electronic circuits are made from silicon. However, certain chips may become too hot or perform their function too slowly if silicon is used as the base material. In addition, optoelectronic applications, such as LED lighting and chip-based lasers, do not use silicon substrates because they require a wave form frequency that cannot be achieved using silicon. Alternative or specialty materials are used to replace silicon as the preferred base in these situations. Our wafers provide such alternative or specialty materials. We do not design or manufacture the chips. We add value by researching, developing and producing the specialty material wafers. We have two product lines: specialty material substrates and raw materials integral to these substrates. In 2024, our substrate product group generated 68% of our revenue and raw materials product group generated 32%. Our compound substrates combine indium with phosphorous (indium phosphide: InP) or gallium with arsenic (gallium arsenide: GaAs). Our single element substrates are made from germanium (Ge).</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">Our supply chain strategy includes several consolidated raw material companies. One of these consolidated companies produces pyrolytic boron nitride (pBN) crucibles used in the high temperature (typically in the range 500 C to 1,500 C) growth process of single crystal ingots, effusion rings when growing OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) tools, epitaxial layer growth in MOCVD (Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition) reactors and MBE (Molecular Beam Epitaxy) reactors. We use these pBN crucibles in our own ingot growth processes and they are also sold in the open market to other companies. A second consolidated company converts raw gallium to purified gallium. We use purified gallium in producing our GaAs substrates and it is also sold in the open market to other companies for use in producing magnetic materials, high temperature thermometers, single crystal ingots, including gallium arsenide, gallium nitride, gallium antimonite and gallium phosphide ingots, and other materials and alloys. In addition to purified gallium, the second consolidated company also produces InP base material which we then use to grow single crystal ingots. Our substrate product group generated 68%, 63%, and 79% of our consolidated revenue and our raw materials product group generated 32%, 37%, and 21% for 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">The following chart shows our substrate products and their materials, diameters and illustrative applications and shows our raw materials group primary products and their illustrative uses and applications.</p>

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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><b><i>Indium Phosphide</i></b></p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Data center connectivity using light/lasers</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><b><i>(InP)</i></b></p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;High-speed data transfer in data centers</p>
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			<td style="vertical-align:middle;width:34.1%;">&#8226;&#160;5G communications</td>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Fiber optic lasers and detectors</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Passive Optical Networks (PONs)</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Silicon photonics</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Photonic Integrated circuits (PICs)</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Thermo-Photovoltaics (TPV&#8217;s)</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;RF amplifier and switching (military wireless &amp; 5G)</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Infrared light-emitting diode (LEDs) motion control</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Lidar for robotics and autonomous vehicles</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Infrared thermal imaging</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><b><i>Gallium Arsenide </i></b></p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Wi-Fi devices</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><b><i>(GaAs - semi-insulating)</i></b></p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;IoT devices</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;High-performance transistors</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Power amplifiers for wireless devices</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Satellite communications</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;High efficiency solar cells for drones and automobiles</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Solar cells</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><b><i>Gallium Arsenide </i></b></p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;High brightness LEDs</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><b><i>(GaAs - semi-conducting)</i></b></p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Screen displays using micro-LEDs</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;">1&#8221;, 2&#8221;, 3&#8221;, 4&#8221;, 5&#8221;, 6&#8221;, 8&#8221;</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Printer head lasers and LEDs</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;3-D sensing using VCSELs</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Data center communication using VCSELs</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Sensors for industrial robotics/Near-infrared sensors</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Laser machining, cutting and drilling</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Optical couplers</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;High efficiency solar cells for drones and automobiles</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Other lasers</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Night vision goggles</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Lidar for robotics and autonomous vehicles</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Solar cells</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><b><i>Germanium</i></b></p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Multi-junction solar cells for satellites</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><b><i>(Ge)</i></b></p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Optical sensors and detectors</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 31pt;">2&#8221;, 4&#8221;, 6&#8221;</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Terrestrial concentrated photo voltaic (CPV) cells</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Infrared detectors</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Carrier wafer for LED</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><b>Raw Materials Group</b></p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><b><i>6N+ and 7N+ purified gallium</i></b></p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Key material in single crystal ingots such as:</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">- Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)</p>
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			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:0.6%;">&#160;</td>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">- Gallium Nitride (GaN)</p>
			</td>
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			<td style="vertical-align:middle;width:18.7%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:0.6%;">&#160;</td>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">- Gallium Antimonite (GaSb)</p>
			</td>
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			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:0.6%;">&#160;</td>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">- Gallium Phosphide (GaP)</p>
			</td>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><b><i>Boron trioxide (B2O3)</i></b></p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:0.6%;">&#160;</td>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Encapsulant in the ingot growth of III-V compound semiconductors</p>
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			<td style="border-bottom:solid 3px #000000;vertical-align:top;width:18.7%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><b><i>Gallium-Magnesium alloy</i></b></p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:0.6%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:solid 3px #000000;vertical-align:middle;width:34.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Used for the synthesis of organo-gallium compounds in epitaxial growth on semiconductor wafers</p>
			</td>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><b><i>pyrolytic boron nitride (pBN) crucibles</i></b></p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:0.6%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:middle;width:34.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Used when growing single-crystal compound semiconductor ingots</p>
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			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:0.6%;">&#160;</td>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Used as effusion rings growing OLED tools</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><b><i>pBN insulating parts</i></b></p>
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			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:0.6%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:middle;width:34.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Used in MOCVD reactors</p>
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			<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:0.6%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:solid 3px #000000;vertical-align:middle;width:34.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8226;&#160;Used when growing epitaxial layers in Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) reactors</p>
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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;">All of our substrate products and raw material products are manufactured in the People&#8217;s Republic of China (PRC or China) by our PRC subsidiaries and PRC joint ventures material companies. The PRC generally has favorable costs for facilities and labor compared with comparable facilities in the United States, Europe or Japan. Our supply chain includes partial ownership of raw material companies in China (subsidiaries/joint ventures). We believe this supply chain arrangement provides us with pricing advantages, reliable supply, market trend visibility and better sourcing lead-times for key raw materials central to manufacturing our substrates. In the event of industry-wide supply shortages we believe our vertically integrated supply chain strategy will be even more advantageous. Our raw material companies produce materials, including raw gallium (4N Ga), high purity gallium (6N and 7N Ga), starting material for InP, arsenic, germanium, germanium dioxide, pyrolytic boron nitride (pBN) crucibles, and boron oxide (B2O3). We have board representation in all of these raw material companies. We consolidate the companies in which we have either a controlling financial interest, or majority financial interest combined with the ability to exercise substantive control over the operations, or financial decisions, of such companies. We use the equity method to account for companies in which we have noncontrolling financial interest and have the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over such companies. We purchase portions of the materials produced by these companies for our own use and they sell the remainder of their production to third parties.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt;"><b>Risks Associated with Our Corporate Structure</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">Investing in these securities involves risks. We are subject to a number of unique legal and operational risks associated with our corporate structure, any of which could result in a material change in our operations and/or the value of our common stock or cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless. Please carefully read the information beginning on page 9 of this prospectus and included in &#8220;Item 1A &#8211; Risk Factors&#8221; of our most recent report on Form 10-K or 10-Q that is incorporated by reference in this prospectus before you invest in our securities. In particular, the following risk factors address issues associated with our corporate structure:</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt;"><b>Permissions or Approvals to Operate in the PRC</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">The businesses of our PRC subsidiaries and PRC joint ventures are subject to complex and rapidly evolving laws and regulations in the PRC, which can change quickly with little advance notice. The PRC government is a single party form of government with virtually unlimited authority and power to intervene in or influence commercial operations in China. In the past, we have experienced such intervention or influence by the PRC government and a change in the rules and regulations in China when we were instructed by the Beijing municipal government to relocate our manufacturing facility in Beijing and expect that such intervention or influence or change in the rules and regulations in China could occur in the future.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">In the ordinary course of business, our PRC subsidiaries and PRC joint ventures require permits and licenses to operate in the PRC. Such permits and licenses include permits to use hazardous materials in manufacturing operations. From time to time, the PRC government issues new regulations, which may require additional actions on the part of our PRC subsidiaries and PRC joint ventures to comply. For example, on February 27, 2015, the China State Administration of Work Safety updated its list of hazardous substances. The previous list, which was published in 2002, did not restrict the materials that we use in our wafers. The new list added gallium arsenide.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt;"><b>Permissions or Approvals to Conduct this Offering</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We are neither a PRC operating company nor do we conduct our operations in China through the use of VIEs. All of our products are manufactured in the PRC by our PRC subsidiaries and PRC joint ventures. The Company believes that it does not require any permissions or approvals from the CSRC or other PRC government authorities to complete this offering of securities because it is a Delaware corporation with its principal corporate office in Fremont, California and the PRC laws and regulations that govern the listing of securities on a U.S. securities exchange apply to PRC companies. Tongmei requires CSRC approval to complete its IPO on the STAR Market, which will not change the status of AXT as a U.S. public company. Recent statements and regulatory actions by China&#8217;s government on the use of VIEs and data security or anti-monopoly concerns have not impacted our ability to conduct our business or continue to list our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt;"><b>Our Corporate Structure</b></p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;text-indent:36pt;">The following organization chart depicts the consolidated structure as of November 7, 2025.</p>

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<div><img alt="logo02.jpg" src="logo02.jpg"/></div>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt;"><b>Dividends from within our Corporate Structure</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">From time to time, our PRC subsidiaries and PRC joint ventures pay dividends to entities within the Company&#8217;s corporate structure. These dividends generally occur when the PRC joint venture declares a dividend for all of its shareholders. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the aggregate dividends paid to the Company, directly or to an intermediate entity within our corporate structure, by our PRC subsidiaries and PRC raw material joint ventures were approximately $2.4 million, $4.3 million and $2.9 million, respectively. For years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, no dividends were paid to minority shareholders by our PRC subsidiaries and PRC raw material joint ventures. In the year ended December 31, 2024, we continued the settlement of amounts owed under our transfer pricing arrangements in the ordinary course of business. We have no current intentions to distribute earnings to our investors under our corporate structure.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">Dividends paid to the Company are subject to a 10% PRC withholding tax. The Company is required to obtain approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (&#8220;SAFE&#8221;) to transfer funds in or out of the PRC. SAFE requires a valid agreement to approve the transfers, which are processed through a bank. There are no restrictions on the Company&#8217;s ability to transfer cash among its PRC subsidiaries. Other than PRC foreign exchange restrictions, the Company is not subject to any PRC restrictions and limitations on its ability to distribute earnings from its businesses, including its PRC subsidiaries and PRC joint ventures, to the Company and its investors as well as the ability to settle amounts owed by the Company to its PRC subsidiaries and PRC joint ventures.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">The cash generated from one PRC subsidiary is not used to fund another PRC subsidiary&#8217;s operations. None of our PRC subsidiaries has ever faced difficulties or limitations on its ability to transfer cash between our subsidiaries. AXT has cash management policies that dictate the amount of such funding.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Corporate Information</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We were incorporated in California in December 1986 and reincorporated in Delaware in May 1998. We changed our name from American Xtal Technology, Inc. to AXT, Inc. in July 2000. Our principal corporate office is located at 4281 Technology Drive, Fremont, California 94538, and our telephone number at this address is (510) 438-4700. We maintain a website at www.axt.com where general information about us is available. Our website, and the information contained therein, is not a part of this prospectus. The information that is contained on, or can be accessed through our website is not incorporated into this prospectus, and the inclusion of our website address is an inactive textual reference only.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt;"><b>Implications of a Smaller Reporting Company</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We are a &#8220;smaller reporting company&#8221; as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K. We may continue to&#160;qualify as a &#8220;smaller reporting company,&#8221; which would allow us to continue to take advantage of many of the same exemptions from disclosure requirements, including presenting only the two most recent fiscal years of audited financial statements and reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company if either (i) the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250 million or (ii) our annual revenue was less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700 million. To the extent we take advantage of such reduced disclosure obligations, it may also make comparison of our financial statements with other public companies difficult or impossible.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>The Securities That May Be Offered</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We may offer or sell common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares, debt securities, warrants, subscription rights, purchase contracts and units in one or more offerings and in any combination. The aggregate offering price of the securities we sell pursuant to this prospectus will not exceed $&#160;100,000,000. Each time securities are offered with this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will describe the specific amounts, prices and terms of the securities being offered and the net proceeds we expect to receive from that sale.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">The securities may be sold to or through underwriters, dealers or agents or directly to purchasers or as otherwise set forth in the section of this prospectus captioned &#8220;Plan of Distribution.&#8221; Each prospectus supplement will set forth the names of any underwriters, dealers, agents or other entities involved in the sale of securities described in that prospectus supplement and any applicable fee, commission or discount arrangements with them.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt;"><b><i>Common Stock</i></b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We may offer shares of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share, either alone or underlying other registered securities convertible into our common stock. Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available for the payment of dividends, subject to rights, if any, of preferred stockholders. We have not paid dividends in the past and have no current plans to pay dividends. Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote per share. The holders of common stock have no preemptive rights.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt;"><b><i>Preferred Stock</i></b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">Our board of directors has the authority, subject to limitations prescribed by Delaware law, to issue preferred stock in one or more series, to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each series, and to fix the designation, powers, preferences and rights of the shares of each series and any of its qualifications, limitations or restrictions, in each case without further vote or action by our stockholders. Each series of preferred stock offered by us will be more fully described in the particular prospectus supplement that will accompany this prospectus, including redemption provisions, rights in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, voting rights and rights to convert into common stock.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt;"><b><i>Depositary Shares</i></b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We may issue fractional shares of preferred stock that will be represented by depositary shares and depositary receipts. Each series of depositary shares or depositary receipts offered by us will be more fully described in the particular prospectus supplement that will accompany this prospectus, including redemption provisions, rights in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, voting rights and rights to convert into common stock.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt;"><b><i>Debt Securities</i></b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We may offer secured or unsecured obligations in the form of one or more series of senior or subordinated debt. The senior debt securities and the subordinated debt securities are together referred to in this prospectus as the &#8220;debt securities.&#8221; The subordinated debt securities generally will be entitled to payment only after payment of our senior debt. Senior debt generally includes all debt for money borrowed by us, except debt that is stated in the instrument governing the terms of that debt to be not senior to, or to have the same rank in right of payment as, or to be expressly junior to, the subordinated debt securities. We may issue debt securities that are convertible into shares of our common stock.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">The debt securities will be issued under an indenture between us and a trustee to be identified in an accompanying prospectus supplement. We have summarized the general features of the debt securities to be governed by the indenture in this prospectus and the form of indenture has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. We encourage you to read the indenture.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -18pt; text-indent: 18pt;"><b><i>Warrants</i></b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We may offer warrants for the purchase of common stock. We may offer warrants independently or together with other securities.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt;"><b><i>Subscription Rights</i></b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We may offer subscription rights to purchase our common stock. These subscription rights may be offered independently or together with any other security offered hereby and may or may not be transferable by the stockholder receiving the subscription rights in such offering.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt;"><b><i>Purchase Contracts</i></b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We may offer purchase contracts, including contracts obligating holders or us to purchase from the other a specific or variable number of securities at a future date or dates.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt;"><b><i>Units</i></b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We may offer units comprised of one or more of the other classes of securities described in this prospectus in any combination. Each unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b><a id="riskfactors" href="#"></a>RISK FACTORS</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement, including the risk factors set forth in our filings we make with the SEC from time to time, that are incorporated by reference herein, including the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Qs for the three months and six months ended March 31, 2025, and June 30, 2025, respectively, which have been incorporated by reference, and any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q that we file after the date of this prospectus, before making an investment decision pursuant to this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement relating to a specific offering.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected by any or all of these risks or by additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial that may adversely affect us in the future.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><b><a id="cyber" href="#"></a>PRC CYBERSECURITY</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We are neither a PRC operating company nor do we conduct our operations in China through the use of VIEs. All of our products are manufactured in the PRC by our PRC subsidiaries and PRC joint ventures. We do not have direct operations in the PRC. Accordingly, we do not believe we are subject to oversight by the Cyberspace Administration of China (the &#8220;CAC&#8221;) regarding data security. Except for routine personal information necessary to process payroll and other benefits and emergency contact information, our PRC subsidiaries and PRC joint ventures do not collect or maintain personal information. We believe our PRC subsidiaries and PRC joint ventures are in material compliance with the regulations or policies that have been issued by the CAC as of the date of this prospectus.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><b><a id="dividend" href="#"></a>DIVIDEND POLICY</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We do not anticipate declaring or paying, in the foreseeable future, any cash dividends on our common stock. We intend to retain all available funds and future earnings, if any, to fund the development and expansion of our business, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination regarding the declaration and payment of dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on then-existing conditions, including our financial condition, operating results, contractual restrictions, capital requirements, business prospects and other factors our Board of Directors may deem relevant.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b><a id="useofproceeds" href="#"></a>USE OF PROCEEDS</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">Unless we specify otherwise in an accompanying prospectus supplement, we intend to use the net proceeds from the issuance or sale of our securities for working capital and for general corporate purposes. Any specific allocation of the net proceeds of an offering of securities to a specific purpose will be determined at the time of such offering and will be described in the accompanying prospectus supplement to this prospectus. We will retain broad discretion over the use of the net proceeds from the issuance or sale of our securities.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b><a id="descapstock" href="#"></a>DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">The description of our capital stock is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 14, 2025.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b><a id="desdebtsec" href="#"></a>DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">The following description, together with the additional information we include in any applicable prospectus supplement, summarizes certain general terms and provisions of the debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus. When we offer to sell a particular series of debt securities, we will describe the specific terms of the series in a supplement to this prospectus. We will also indicate in the supplement to what extent the general terms and provisions described in this prospectus apply to a particular series of debt securities.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We may issue debt securities either separately, or together with, or upon the conversion or exercise of or in exchange for, other securities described in this prospectus. Debt securities may be our senior, senior subordinated or subordinated obligations and, unless otherwise specified in a supplement to this prospectus, the debt securities will be our direct, unsecured obligations and may be issued in one or more series.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">The debt securities will be issued under an indenture between us and a trustee to be identified in an accompanying prospectus supplement. We have summarized select portions of the indenture below. The summary is not complete. The form of the indenture has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part and you should read the indenture for provisions that may be important to you. In the summary below, we have included references to the section numbers of the indenture so that you can easily locate these provisions. Capitalized terms used in the summary and not defined herein have the meanings specified in the indenture.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>General</b></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">The terms of each series of debt securities will be established by or pursuant to a resolution of our board of directors and set forth or determined in the manner provided in a resolution of our board of directors, in an officer&#8217;s certificate or by a supplemental indenture. The particular terms of each series of debt securities will be described in a prospectus supplement relating to such series (including any pricing supplement or term sheet).</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We can issue an unlimited amount of debt securities under the indenture that may be in one or more series with the same or various maturities, at par, at a premium, or at a discount. We will set forth in a prospectus supplement (including any pricing supplement or term sheet) relating to any series of debt securities being offered the aggregate principal amount and the following terms of the debt securities, if applicable:</p>

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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the title and ranking of the debt securities (including the terms of any subordination provisions);</p>
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			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount) at which we will sell the debt securities;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the debt securities;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the date or dates on which the principal of the securities of the series is payable;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per annum or the method used to determine the rate or rates (including any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the debt securities will bear interest, the date or dates from which interest will accrue, the date or dates on which interest will commence and be payable and any regular record date for the interest payable on any interest payment date;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the place or places where principal of, and interest, if any, on the debt securities will be payable (and the method of such payment), where the securities of such series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange, and where notices and demands to us in respect of the debt securities may be delivered;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which we may redeem the debt securities;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">any obligation we have to redeem or purchase the debt securities pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of a holder of debt securities and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which securities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;</p>
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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&#160;</p>

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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the dates on which and the price or prices at which we will repurchase debt securities at the option of the holders of debt securities and other detailed terms and provisions of these repurchase obligations;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

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			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the denominations in which the debt securities will be issued, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

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			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">whether the debt securities will be issued in the form of certificated debt securities or global debt securities;</p>
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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

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			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the portion of principal amount of the debt securities payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity date, if other than the principal amount;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the currency of denomination of the debt securities, which may be United States dollars or any foreign currency, and if such currency of denomination is a composite currency, the agency or organization, if any, responsible for overseeing such composite currency;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

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			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the designation of the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of principal of, premium and interest on the debt securities will be made;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

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		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">if payments of principal of, premium or interest on the debt securities will be made in one or more currencies or currency units other than that or those in which the debt securities are denominated, the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to these payments will be determined;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

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		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the manner in which the amounts of payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the debt securities will be determined, if these amounts may be determined by reference to an index based on a currency or currencies or by reference to a commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">any provisions relating to any security provided for the debt securities;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

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		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">any addition to, deletion of or change in the Events of Default described in this prospectus or in the indenture with respect to the debt securities and any change in the acceleration provisions described in this prospectus or in the indenture with respect to the debt securities;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">any addition to, deletion of or change in the covenants described in this prospectus or in the indenture with respect to the debt securities;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

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		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">any depositaries, interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other agents with respect to the debt securities;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">any other terms of the debt securities, which may supplement, modify or delete any provision of the indenture as it applies to that series, including any terms that may be required under applicable law or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of the securities; and</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">whether any of our direct or indirect subsidiaries will guarantee the debt securities of that series, including the terms of subordination, if any, of such guarantees.</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We may issue debt securities that provide for an amount less than their stated principal amount to be due and payable upon declaration of acceleration of their maturity pursuant to the terms of the indenture. We will provide you with information on the federal income tax considerations and other special considerations applicable to any of these debt securities in the applicable prospectus supplement.</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -9pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">If we denominate the purchase price of any of the debt securities in a foreign currency or currencies or a foreign currency unit or units, or if the principal of and any premium and interest on any series of debt securities is payable in a foreign currency or currencies or a foreign currency unit or units, we will provide you with information on the restrictions, elections, general tax considerations, specific terms and other information with respect to that issue of debt securities and such foreign currency or currencies or foreign currency unit or units in the applicable prospectus supplement.</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">&#160;</p>

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<hr style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always; border: none; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000"/>
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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Transfer and Exchange</b></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">Each debt security will be represented by either one or more global securities registered in the name of a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, which we refer to as the depositary, or a nominee of the depositary (we will refer to any debt security represented by a global debt security as a &#8220;book-entry debt security&#8221;), or a certificate issued in definitive registered form (we will refer to any debt security represented by a certificated security as a &#8220;certificated debt security&#8221;) as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. Except as set forth under the heading &#8220;Global Debt Securities and Book-Entry System&#8221; below, book-entry debt securities will not be issuable in certificated form.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -18pt; text-indent: 18pt;"><b><i>Certificated Debt Securities</i></b></p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -9pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">You may transfer or exchange certificated debt securities at any office we maintain for this purpose in accordance with the terms of the indenture. No service charge will be made for any transfer or exchange of certificated debt securities, but we may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection with a transfer or exchange.</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -9pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">You may effect the transfer of certificated debt securities and the right to receive the principal of, premium and interest on certificated debt securities only by surrendering the certificate representing those certificated debt securities and either reissuance by us or the trustee of the certificate to the new holder or the issuance by us or the trustee of a new certificate to the new holder.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt;"><b><i>Global Debt Securities and Book-Entry System</i></b></p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -9pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">Each global debt security representing book-entry debt securities will be deposited with, or on behalf of, the depositary, and registered in the name of the depositary or a nominee of the depositary.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Covenants</b></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement any restrictive covenants applicable to any issue of debt securities.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>No Protection in the Event of a Change of Control</b></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">Unless we state otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, the debt securities will not contain any provisions which may afford holders of the debt securities protection in the event we have a change in control or in the event of a highly leveraged transaction (whether or not such transaction results in a change in control) which could adversely affect holders of debt securities.</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -9pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets</b></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">We may not consolidate with or merge with or into, or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of our properties and assets to any person, which we refer to as a successor person, unless:</p>

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		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">we are the surviving corporation or the successor person (if other than us) is a corporation organized and validly existing under the laws of any U.S. domestic jurisdiction and expressly assumes our obligations on the debt securities and under the indenture; and</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">immediately after giving effect to the transaction, no Default or Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing.</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">Notwithstanding the above, any of our subsidiaries may consolidate with, merge into or transfer all or part of its properties to us.</p>

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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Events of Default</b></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">&#8220;Event of Default&#8221; means with respect to any series of debt securities, any of the following:</p>

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			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">default in the payment of any interest upon any debt security of that series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days (unless the entire amount of the payment is deposited by us with the trustee or with a paying agent prior to the expiration of the 30-day period);</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

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		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">default in the payment of principal of any security of that series at its maturity;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

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		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">default in the performance or breach of any other covenant or warranty by us in the indenture (other than a covenant or warranty that has been included in the indenture solely for the benefit of a series of debt securities other than that series), which default continues uncured for a period of 60 days after we receive written notice from the trustee, or we and the trustee receive written notice from the holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series as provided in the indenture;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

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		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">certain voluntary or involuntary events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of us; and</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">any other Event of Default provided with respect to debt securities of that series that is described in the applicable prospectus supplement.</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">No Event of Default with respect to a particular series of debt securities (except as to certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization) necessarily constitutes an Event of Default with respect to any other series of debt securities. The occurrence of certain Events of Default or an acceleration under the indenture may constitute an event of default under certain indebtedness of ours or our subsidiaries outstanding from time to time.</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -9pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We will provide the trustee written notice of any Default or Event of Default within 30 days of becoming aware of the occurrence of such Default or Event of Default, which notice will describe in reasonable detail the status of such Default or Event of Default and what action we are taking or propose to take in respect thereof.</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -9pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">If an Event of Default with respect to debt securities of any series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing, then the trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series may, by a notice in writing to us (and to the trustee if given by the holders), declare to be due and payable immediately the principal of (or, if the debt securities of that series are discount securities, that portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of that series) and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all debt securities of that series. In the case of an Event of Default resulting from certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, the principal (or such specified amount) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all outstanding debt securities will become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the trustee or any holder of outstanding debt securities. At any time after a declaration of acceleration with respect to debt securities of any series has been made, but before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the trustee, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series may rescind and annul the acceleration if all Events of Default, other than the non-payment of accelerated principal and interest, if any, with respect to debt securities of that series, have been cured or waived as provided in the indenture. We refer you to the prospectus supplement relating to any series of debt securities that are discount securities for the particular provisions relating to acceleration of a portion of the principal amount of such discount securities upon the occurrence of an Event of Default.</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -9pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">The indenture provides that the trustee may refuse to perform any duty or exercise any of its rights or powers under the indenture unless the trustee receives indemnity satisfactory to it against any cost, liability or expense which might be incurred by it in performing such duty or exercising such right or power. Subject to certain rights of the trustee, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee with respect to the debt securities of that series.</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -9pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&#160;</p>

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<div class="PGFTR" style="text-align: center; width: 100%">
<div class="hf-row">
<div class="hf-cell PGNUM" style="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times New Roman;">13</div>
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<hr style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always; border: none; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000"/>
<div class="PGHDR" style="text-align: left; width: 100%">
<div class="hf-row">
<div class="hf-cell TOCLink">&#160;</div>
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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">No holder of any debt security of any series will have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to the indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any remedy under the indenture, unless:</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">that holder has previously given to the trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default with respect to debt securities of that series; and</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series have made written request, and offered indemnity or security satisfactory to the trustee, to the trustee to institute the&#160;proceeding as trustee, and the trustee has not received from the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series a direction inconsistent with that request and has failed to institute the proceeding within 60 days.</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">Notwithstanding any other provision in the indenture, the holder of any debt security will have an absolute and unconditional right to receive payment of the principal of, premium and any interest on that debt security on or after the due dates expressed in that debt security and to institute suit for the enforcement of payment.</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -9pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">The indenture requires us, within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year, to furnish to the trustee a statement as to compliance with the indenture. If a Default or Event of Default occurs and is continuing with respect to the securities of any series and if it is known to a responsible officer of the trustee, the trustee shall send to each securityholder of the securities of that series notice of a Default or Event of Default within 90 days after it occurs or, if later, after a responsible officer of the trustee has knowledge of such Default or Event of Default. The indenture provides that the trustee may withhold notice to the holders of debt securities of any series of any Default or Event of Default (except in payment on any debt securities of that series) with respect to debt securities of that series if the trustee determines in good faith that withholding notice is in the interest of the holders of those debt securities.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Modification and Waiver</b></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">We and the trustee may modify, amend or supplement the indenture or the debt securities of any series without the consent of any holder of any debt security:</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">to comply with covenants in the indenture described above under the heading &#8220;Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets&#8221;;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">to provide for uncertificated securities in addition to or in place of certificated securities;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">to add guarantees with respect to debt securities of any series or secure debt securities of any series;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">to surrender any of our rights or powers under the indenture;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">to add covenants or events of default for the benefit of the holders of debt securities of any series;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">to comply with the applicable procedures of the applicable depositary;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">to make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any holder of debt securities;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of debt securities of any series as permitted by the indenture;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">to effect the appointment of a successor trustee with respect to the debt securities of any series and to add to or change any of the provisions of the indenture to provide for or facilitate administration by more than one trustee; or</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">to comply with requirements of the SEC in order to effect or maintain the qualification of the indenture under the Trust Indenture Act.</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="margin: 0pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</p>

<div class="PGBK" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt">
<div class="PGFTR" style="text-align: center; width: 100%">
<div class="hf-row">
<div class="hf-cell PGNUM" style="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times New Roman;">14</div>
</div>
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<hr style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always; border: none; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000"/>
<div class="PGHDR" style="text-align: left; width: 100%">
<div class="hf-row">
<div class="hf-cell TOCLink">&#160;</div>
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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">We may also modify and amend the indenture with the consent of the holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series affected by the modifications or amendments. We may not make any modification or amendment without the consent of the holders of each affected debt security then outstanding if that amendment will:</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">reduce the amount of debt securities whose holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">reduce the rate of or extend the time for payment of interest (including default interest) on any debt security;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">reduce the principal of or premium on or change the fixed maturity of any debt security or reduce the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any sinking fund or analogous obligation with respect to any series of debt securities;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">reduce the principal amount of discount securities payable upon acceleration of maturity;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">waive a default in the payment of the principal of, premium or interest on any debt security (except a rescission of acceleration of the debt securities of any series by the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding debt securities of that series and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration);</p>
			</td>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">make the principal of or premium or interest on any debt security payable in currency other than that stated in the debt security;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

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			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">make any change to certain provisions of the indenture relating to, among other things, the right of holders of debt securities to receive payment of the principal of, premium and interest on those debt securities and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment and to waivers or amendments; or</p>
			</td>
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			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">waive a redemption payment with respect to any debt security.</p>
			</td>
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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">Except for certain specified provisions, the holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may on behalf of the holders of all debt securities of that series waive our compliance with provisions of the indenture. The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may on behalf of the holders of all the debt securities of such series waive any past default under the indenture with respect to that series and its consequences, except a default in the payment of the principal of, premium or any interest on any debt security of that series; provided, however, that the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may rescind an acceleration and its consequences, including any related payment default that resulted from the acceleration.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Defeasance of Debt Securities and Certain Covenants in Certain Circumstances</b></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt;"><i>Legal Defeasance</i></p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -9pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">The indenture provides that, unless otherwise provided by the terms of the applicable series of debt securities, we may be discharged from any and all obligations in respect of the debt securities of any series (subject to certain exceptions). We will be so discharged upon the irrevocable deposit with the trustee, in trust, of money and/or U.S. government obligations or, in the case of debt securities denominated in a single currency other than U.S. dollars, government obligations of the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency, that, through the payment of interest and principal in accordance with their terms, will provide money or U.S. government obligations in an amount sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants or investment bank to pay and discharge each installment of principal, premium and interest on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of the debt securities of that series on the stated maturity of those payments in accordance with the terms of the indenture and those debt securities.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">This discharge may occur only if, among other things, we have delivered to the trustee an opinion of counsel stating that we have received from, or there has been published by, the United States Internal Revenue Service a ruling or, since the date of execution of the indenture, there has been a change in the applicable United States federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such opinion shall confirm that, the holders of the debt securities of that series will not recognize income, gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit, defeasance and discharge and will be subject to United States federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if the deposit, defeasance and discharge had not occurred.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt;"><i>Defeasance of Certain Covenants</i></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">The indenture provides that, unless otherwise provided by the terms of the applicable series of debt securities, upon compliance with certain conditions:</p>

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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">we may omit to comply with the covenant described under the heading &#8220;Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets&#8221;&#160;and certain other covenants set forth in the indenture, as well as any additional covenants which may be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement; and</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">any omission to comply with those covenants will not constitute a Default or an Event of Default with respect to the debt securities of that series.</p>
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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">We refer to this as covenant defeasance. The conditions include:</p>

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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">depositing with the trustee money and/or U.S. government obligations or, in the case of debt securities denominated in a single currency other than U.S. dollars, government obligations of the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency, that, through the payment of interest and principal in accordance with their terms, will provide money in an amount sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants or investment bank to pay and discharge each installment of principal of, premium and interest on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of the debt securities of that series on the stated maturity of those payments in accordance with the terms of the indenture and those debt securities;</p>
			</td>
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			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under the indenture or any other agreement to which we are a party;</p>
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			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">no Default or Event of Default with respect to the applicable series of debt securities shall have occurred or is continuing on the date of such deposit; and</p>
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			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">delivering to the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that we have received from, or there has been published by, the United States Internal Revenue Service a ruling or, since the date of execution of the indenture, there has been a change in the applicable United States federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such opinion shall confirm that, the holders of the debt securities of that series will not recognize income, gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit and related covenant defeasance and will be subject to United States federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if the deposit and related covenant defeasance had not occurred.</p>
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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt;"><b>No Personal Liability of Directors, Officers, Employees or Stockholders</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">None of our past, present or future directors, officers, employees or stockholders, as such, will have any liability for any of our obligations under the debt securities or the indenture or for any claim based on, or in respect or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. By accepting a debt security, each holder waives and releases all such liability. This waiver and release is part of the consideration for the issue of the debt securities. However, this waiver and release may not be effective to waive liabilities under U.S. federal securities laws, and it is the view of the SEC that such a waiver is against public policy</p>

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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b><a id="desdeposhares" href="#"></a>DESCRIPTION OF DEPOSITARY SHARES</b></p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt;"><b>General</b></p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -9pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We may, at our option, elect to offer fractional shares of preferred stock, or depositary shares, rather than full shares of preferred stock. If we do, we will issue to the public receipts, called depositary receipts, for depositary shares, each of which will represent a fraction, to be described in the applicable prospectus supplement, of a share of a particular series of preferred stock. Unless otherwise provided in the prospectus supplement, each owner of a depositary share will be entitled, in proportion to the applicable fractional interest in a share of preferred stock represented by the depositary share, to all the rights and preferences of the preferred stock represented by the depositary share. Those rights include dividend, voting, redemption, conversion and liquidation rights.</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -9pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">The shares of preferred stock underlying the depositary shares will be deposited with a bank or trust company selected by us to act as depositary under a deposit agreement between us, the depositary and the holders of the depositary receipts. The depositary will be the transfer agent, registrar and dividend disbursing agent for the depositary shares.</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -9pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">The depositary shares will be evidenced by depositary receipts issued pursuant to the depositary agreement. Holders of depositary receipts agree to be bound by the deposit agreement, which requires holders to take certain actions such as filing proof of residence and paying certain charges.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">The summary of terms of the depositary shares contained in this prospectus is not complete. You should refer to the form of the deposit agreement, our certificate of incorporation and the certificate of designation for the applicable series of preferred stock that are, or will be, filed with the SEC.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt;"><b>Dividends and Other Distributions</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">The depositary will distribute all cash dividends or other cash distributions, if any, received in respect of the preferred stock underlying the depositary shares to the record holders of depositary shares in proportion to the numbers of depositary shares owned by those holders on the relevant record date. The relevant record date for depositary shares will be the same date as the record date for the underlying preferred stock.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">If there is a distribution other than in cash, the depositary will distribute property (including securities) received by it to the record holders of depositary shares, unless the depositary determines that it is not feasible to make the distribution. If this occurs, the depositary may, with our approval, adopt another method for the distribution, including selling the property and distributing the net proceeds from the sale to the holders.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt;"><b>Liquidation Preference</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">If a series of preferred stock underlying the depositary shares has a liquidation preference, in the event of the voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of us, holders of depositary shares will be entitled to receive the fraction of the liquidation preference accorded each share of the applicable series of preferred stock, as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -9pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt;"><b>Withdrawal of Stock</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">Unless the related depositary shares have been previously called for redemption, upon surrender of the depositary receipts at the office of the depositary, the holder of the depositary shares will be entitled to delivery, at the office of the depositary to or upon his or her order, of the number of whole shares of the preferred stock and any money or other property represented by the depositary shares. If the depositary receipts delivered by the holder evidence a number of depositary shares in excess of the number of depositary shares representing the number of whole shares of preferred stock to be withdrawn, the depositary will deliver to the holder at the same time a new depositary receipt evidencing the excess number of depositary shares. In no event will the depositary deliver fractional shares of preferred stock upon surrender of depositary receipts. Holders of preferred stock thus withdrawn may not thereafter deposit those shares under the deposit agreement or receive depositary receipts evidencing depositary shares therefor.</p>

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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Redemption of Depositary Shares</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">Whenever we redeem shares of preferred stock held by the depositary, the depositary will redeem as of the same redemption date the number of depositary shares representing shares of the preferred stock so redeemed, so long as we have paid in full to the depositary the redemption price of the preferred stock to be redeemed plus an amount equal to any accumulated and unpaid dividends on the preferred stock to the date fixed for redemption. The redemption price per depositary share will be equal to the redemption price and any other amounts per share payable on the preferred stock multiplied by the fraction of a share of preferred stock represented by one depositary share. If less than all the depositary shares are to be redeemed, the depositary shares to be redeemed will be selected by lot or pro rata or by any other equitable method as may be determined by the depositary.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">After the date fixed for redemption, depositary shares called for redemption will no longer be deemed to be outstanding and all rights of the holders of depositary shares will cease, except the right to receive the monies payable upon redemption and any money or other property to which the holders of the depositary shares were entitled upon redemption upon surrender to the depositary of the depositary receipts evidencing the depositary shares.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Voting the Preferred Stock</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">Upon receipt of notice of any meeting at which the holders of the preferred stock are entitled to vote, the depositary will mail the information contained in the notice of meeting to the record holders of the depositary receipts relating to that preferred stock. The record date for the depositary receipts relating to the preferred stock will be the same date as the record date for the preferred stock. Each record holder of the depositary shares on the record date will be entitled to instruct the depositary as to the exercise of the voting rights pertaining to the number of shares of preferred stock represented by that holder&#8217;s depositary shares. The depositary will endeavor, insofar as practicable, to vote the number of shares of preferred stock represented by the depositary shares in accordance with those instructions, and we will agree to take all action that may be deemed necessary by the depositary in order to enable the depositary to do so. The depositary will not vote any shares of preferred stock except to the extent that it receives specific instructions from the holders of depositary shares representing that number of shares of preferred stock.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Charges of the Depositary</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We will pay all transfer and other taxes and governmental charges arising solely from the existence of the depositary arrangements. We will pay charges of the depositary in connection with the initial deposit of the preferred stock and any redemption of the preferred stock. Holders of depositary receipts will pay transfer, income and other taxes and governmental charges and such other charges (including those in connection with the receipt and distribution of dividends, the sale or exercise of rights, the withdrawal of the preferred stock and the transferring, splitting or grouping of depositary receipts) as are expressly provided in the deposit agreement to be for their accounts. If these charges have not been paid by the holders of depositary receipts, the depositary may refuse to transfer depositary shares, withhold dividends and distributions and sell the depositary shares evidenced by the depositary receipt.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Amendment and Termination of the Deposit Agreement</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">The form of depositary receipt evidencing the depositary shares and any provision of the deposit agreement may be amended by agreement between us and the depositary. However, any amendment that materially and adversely alters the rights of the holders of depositary shares, other than fee changes, will not be effective unless the amendment has been approved by the holders of a majority of the outstanding depositary shares. The deposit agreement may be terminated by the depositary or us only if:</p>

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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">all outstanding depositary shares have been redeemed; or</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">there has been a final distribution of the preferred stock in connection with our dissolution and such distribution has been made to all the holders of depositary shares.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Resignation and Removal of Depositary</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">The depositary may resign at any time by delivering to us notice of its election to do so, and we may remove the depositary at any time. Any resignation or removal of the depositary will take effect upon our appointment of a successor depositary and its acceptance of such appointment. The successor depositary must be appointed within 60 days after delivery of the notice of resignation or removal and must be a bank or trust company having its principal office in the United States and having the requisite combined capital and surplus as set forth in the applicable agreement.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Notices</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">The depositary will forward to holders of depositary receipts all notices, reports and other communications, including proxy solicitation materials received from us, that are delivered to the depositary and that we are required to furnish to the holders of the preferred stock. In addition, the depositary will make available for inspection by holders of depositary receipts at the principal office of the depositary, and at such other places as it may from time to time deem advisable, any reports and communications we deliver to the depositary as the holder of preferred stock.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Limitation of Liability</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">Neither we nor the depositary will be liable if either is prevented or delayed by law or any circumstance beyond its control in performing its obligations. Our obligations and those of the depositary will be limited to performance in good faith of our and its duties thereunder. We and the depositary will not be obligated to prosecute or defend any legal proceeding in respect of any depositary shares or preferred stock unless satisfactory indemnity is furnished. We and the depositary may rely upon written advice of counsel or accountants, on information provided by persons presenting preferred stock for deposit, holders of depositary receipts or other persons believed to be competent to give such information and on documents believed to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b><a id="deswarrants" href="#"></a>DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS</b></p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">We may issue warrants to purchase common stock. We may offer warrants separately or together with one or more additional warrants, debt securities, preferred stock, depositary shares or common stock, or any combination of those securities in the form of units, as described in the applicable prospectus supplement. If we issue warrants as part of a unit, the applicable prospectus supplement will specify whether those warrants may be separated from the other securities in the unit prior to the expiration date of the warrants. The applicable prospectus supplement will also describe the following terms of any warrants:</p>

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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the specific designation and aggregate number of, and the offering price at which we will issue, the warrants;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the currency or currency units in which the offering price, if any, and the exercise price are payable;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the date on which the right to exercise the warrants will begin and the date on which that right will expire or, if you may not continuously exercise the warrants throughout that period, the specific date or dates on which you may exercise the warrants;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">whether the warrants are to be sold separately or with other securities as parts of units;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">whether the warrants will be issued in definitive or global form or in any combination of these forms, although, in any case, the form of a warrant included in a unit will correspond to the form of the unit and of any security included in that unit;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">any applicable material U.S. federal income tax consequences;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the identity of the warrant agent for the warrants and of any other depositaries, execution or paying agents, transfer agents, registrars or other agents;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the proposed listing, if any, of the warrants or any securities purchasable upon exercise of the warrants on any securities exchange;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">if applicable, the designation and terms of the debt securities, preferred stock, depositary shares or common stock with which the warrants are issued and the number of warrants issued with each security;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">if applicable, the date from and after which any warrants issued as part of a unit and the related debt securities, preferred stock, depositary shares or common stock will be separately transferable;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the number of shares of common stock purchasable upon exercise of a warrant and the price at which those shares may be purchased;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of the warrants that may be exercised at any one time;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the antidilution provisions, and other provisions for changes to or adjustment in the exercise price, of the warrants, if any;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">any redemption or call provisions; and</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">any additional terms of the warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange or exercise of the warrants.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b><a id="dessubrights" href="#"></a>DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We may issue subscription rights to purchase our common stock. These subscription rights may be offered independently or together with any other security offered hereby and may or may not be transferable by the stockholder receiving the subscription rights in such offering. In connection with any offering of subscription rights, we may enter into a standby arrangement with one or more underwriters or other purchasers pursuant to which the underwriters or other purchasers may be required to purchase any securities remaining unsubscribed for after such offering.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">The prospectus supplement relating to any subscription rights we offer, if any, will, to the extent applicable, include specific terms relating to the offering, including some or all of the following:</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the price, if any, for the subscription rights;</p>
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</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the exercise price payable for our common stock upon the exercise of the subscription rights;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the number of subscription rights to be issued to each stockholder;</p>
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</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the number and terms of our common stock which may be purchased per each subscription right;</p>
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		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the extent to which the subscription rights are transferable;</p>
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</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">any other terms of the subscription rights, including the terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the subscription rights;</p>
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</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the date on which the right to exercise the subscription rights shall commence, and the date on which the subscription rights shall expire;</p>
			</td>
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</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the extent to which the subscription rights may include an over-subscription privilege with respect to unsubscribed securities or an over-allotment privilege to the extent the securities are fully subscribed; and</p>
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</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">if applicable, the material terms of any standby underwriting or purchase arrangement which may be entered into by us in connection with the offering of subscription rights.</p>
			</td>
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</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">The descriptions of the subscription rights in this prospectus and in any prospectus supplement are summaries of the material provisions of the applicable subscription right agreements. These descriptions do not restate those subscription right agreements in their entirety and may not contain all the information that you may find useful. We urge you to read the applicable subscription right agreements because they, and not the summaries, define your rights as holders of the subscription rights. For more information, please review the forms of the relevant subscription right agreements, which will be filed with the SEC promptly after the offering of subscription rights and will be available as described in the section of this prospectus captioned &#8220;Where You Can Find More Information.&#8221;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

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<div class="hf-cell PGNUM" style="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times New Roman;">21</div>
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<hr style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always; border: none; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000"/>
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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b><a id="despurcontracts" href="#"></a>DESCRIPTION OF PURCHASE CONTRACTS</b></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">The following description summarizes the general features of the purchase contracts that we may offer under this prospectus. Although the features we have summarized below will generally apply to any future purchase contracts we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any purchase contracts that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The specific terms of any purchase contracts may differ from the description provided below as a result of negotiations with third parties in connection with the issuance of those purchase contracts, as well as for other reasons. Because the terms of any purchase contracts we offer under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms we describe below, you should rely solely on information in the applicable prospectus supplement if that summary is different from the summary in this prospectus.</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -9pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We will incorporate by reference into the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part the form of any purchase contract that we may offer under this prospectus before the sale of the related purchase contract. We urge you to read any applicable prospectus supplement related to specific purchase contracts being offered, as well as the complete instruments that contain the terms of the securities that are subject to those purchase contracts. Certain of those instruments, or forms of those instruments, have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and supplements to those instruments or forms may be incorporated by reference into the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part from reports we file with the SEC.</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -9pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We may issue purchase contracts, including contracts obligating holders to purchase from us, and for us to sell to holders, a specific or variable number of our securities at a future date or dates. Alternatively, the purchase contracts may obligate us to purchase from holders, and obligate holders to sell to us, a specific or varying number of our securities.</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -9pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">If we offer any purchase contracts, certain terms of that series of purchase contracts will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement, including, without limitation, the following:</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the price of the securities or other property subject to the purchase contracts (which may be determined by reference to a specific formula described in the purchase contracts);</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">whether the purchase contracts are issued separately, or as a part of units each consisting of a purchase contract and one or more of our other securities, including U.S. Treasury securities, securing the holder&#8217;s obligations under the purchase contract;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">any requirement for us to make periodic payments to holders or vice versa, and whether the payments are unsecured or pre-funded;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">any provisions relating to any security provided for the purchase contracts;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">whether the purchase contracts obligate the holder or us to purchase or sell, or both purchase and sell, the securities subject to purchase under the purchase contract, and the nature and amount of each of those securities, or the method of determining those amounts;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">whether the purchase contracts are to be prepaid or not;</p>
			</td>
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</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">whether the purchase contracts are to be settled by delivery, or by reference or linkage to the value, performance or level of the securities subject to purchase under the purchase contract;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">any acceleration, cancellation, termination or other provisions relating to the settlement of the purchase contracts;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">a discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the purchase contracts;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">whether the purchase contracts will be issued in fully registered or global form; and</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">any other terms of the purchase contracts and any securities subject to such purchase contracts.</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

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<div class="hf-cell PGNUM" style="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times New Roman;">22</div>
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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b><a id="descriptionunits" href="#"></a>DESCRIPTION OF UNITS</b></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We may issue units comprising two or more securities described in this prospectus in any combination. For example, we might issue units consisting of a combination of debt securities and warrants to purchase common stock. The following description sets forth certain general terms and provisions of the units that we may offer pursuant to this prospectus. The particular terms of the units and the extent, if any, to which the general terms and provisions may apply to the units so offered will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -9pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">Each unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit also is the holder of each security included in the unit. Thus, the unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included security. Units will be issued pursuant to the terms of a unit agreement, which may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be held or transferred separately at any time or at any time before a specified date. A copy of the forms of the unit agreement and the unit certificate relating to any particular issue of units will be filed with the SEC each time we issue units, and you should read those documents for provisions that may be important to you. For more information on how you can obtain copies of the forms of the unit agreement and the related unit certificate, see the section of this prospectus captioned &#8220;Where You Can Find More Information.&#8221;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -9pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">The prospectus supplement relating to any particular issuance of units will describe the terms of those units, including, to the extent applicable, the following:</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -9pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">the designation and terms of the units and the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances those securities may be held or transferred separately;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

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			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">any provision for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units or of the securities comprising the units; and</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

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		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">whether the units will be issued in fully registered or global form.</p>
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		</tr>

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<div class="hf-cell PGNUM" style="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times New Roman;">23</div>
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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"><b><a id="planofdistro" href="#"></a>PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We may sell the securities offered by this prospectus from time to time in one or more transactions, including, without limitation:</p>

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			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">through underwriters or&#160;dealers for resale to the public or to investors;</p>
			</td>
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</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

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			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;">directly to one or more purchasers;</p>
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		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">through agents;</p>
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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

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		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">in "at the market" offerings, within the meaning of Rule&#160;415(a)(4) of the Securities Act, to or through a market maker or into an existing trading market on an exchange or otherwise;</p>
			</td>
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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

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			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">in block trades;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

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		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">through public or privately negotiated transactions; or</p>
			</td>
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</tbody></table>

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			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law.</p>
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</tbody></table>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">These offers and sales or distributions may be effected from time to time in one or more transactions, including:</p>

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			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">on&#160;any national securities exchange or quotation service on which our common stock may be listed&#160;or quoted at the time of sale or in the over-the-counter market;</p>
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			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">in transactions other than on a national securities exchange or quotation service or in the over-the-counter market;</p>
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			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">in&#160;block transactions in which the broker or dealer so engaged will attempt to sell the shares of&#160;common stock as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate&#160;the transaction, or in crosses, in which the same broker acts as an agent on both sides of the trade;&#160;</p>
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			<td style="width: 36pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">through purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its account;</p>
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		</tr>

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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

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		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">through the writing of options, convertible securities or other contracts or agreements to be satisfied by the delivery of shares of common stock;</p>
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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

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			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">through short sales;</p>
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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

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			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">through privately negotiated transactions;</p>
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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

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			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">through an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange;</p>
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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

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		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;">through broker-dealers who may agree with any selling stockholder to sell a specified number of its shares at a stipulated price per share;</p>
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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

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		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">through the lending of such securities;</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

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<div class="hf-cell PGNUM" style="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times New Roman;">24</div>
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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&#160;</p>

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			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;">&#9679;&#160; &#160; &#160; by pledge to secure debts and other obligations or on foreclosure of a pledge.</p>
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			<td style="width: auto;">&#160;</td>
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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

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		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">through the distribution of such securities by any selling stockholder to its stockholders;</p>
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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

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			<td style="width: 36pt; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;">through a combination of any of the above methods; or</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

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		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 18pt;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#9679;</p>
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			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">through any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law.</p>
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		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">The securities may be sold at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, or at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices relating to the prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. The consideration may be cash, extinguishment of debt or another form negotiated by the parties. Agents, underwriters or broker-dealers may be paid compensation for offering and selling the securities. That compensation may be in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions to be received from us or from the purchasers of the securities. Dealers and agents participating in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters, and compensation received by them on resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. If such dealers or agents were deemed to be underwriters, they may be subject to statutory liabilities under the Securities Act.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt -9pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We may also make direct sales through subscription rights distributed to our existing shareholders on a pro rata basis, which may or may not be transferable. In any distribution of subscription rights to our shareholders, if all of the underlying securities are not subscribed for, we may then sell the unsubscribed securities directly to third parties or may engage the services of one or more underwriters, dealers or agents, including standby underwriters, to sell the unsubscribed securities to third parties.</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt -9pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt -9pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">Some or all of the securities that we offer through this prospectus may be new issues of securities with no established trading market. Any underwriters to whom we sell our securities for public offering and sale may make a market in those securities, but they will not be obligated to do so and they may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. Accordingly, we cannot assure you of the liquidity of, or continued trading markets for, any securities that we offer.</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt -9pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt -9pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">Agents may, from time to time, solicit offers to purchase the securities. If required, we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement, document incorporated by reference or free writing prospectus, as applicable, any agent involved in the offer or sale of the securities and set forth any compensation payable to the agent. Unless otherwise indicated, any agent will be acting on a best efforts basis for the period of its appointment. Any agent selling the securities covered by this prospectus may be deemed to be an underwriter of the securities.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">If underwriters are used in an offering, securities will be acquired by the underwriters for their own account and may be resold, from time to time, in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale, or under delayed delivery contracts or other contractual commitments. Securities may be offered to the public either through underwriting syndicates represented by one or more managing underwriters or directly by one or more firms acting as underwriters. If an underwriter or underwriters are used in the sale of securities, an underwriting agreement will be executed with the underwriter or underwriters at the time an agreement for the sale is reached. The applicable prospectus supplement will set forth the managing underwriter or underwriters, as well as any other underwriter or underwriters, with respect to a particular underwritten offering of securities, and will set forth the terms of the transactions, including compensation of the underwriters and dealers and the public offering price, if applicable. This prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and any applicable free writing prospectus will be used by the underwriters to resell the securities.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">If a dealer is used in the sale of the securities, we, or an underwriter, will sell the securities to the dealer, as principal. The dealer may then resell the securities to the public at varying prices to be determined by the dealer at the time of resale. To the extent required, we will set forth in the prospectus supplement, document incorporated by reference or free writing prospectus, as applicable, the name of the dealer and the terms of the transactions.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We may directly solicit offers to purchase the securities and may make sales of securities directly to institutional investors or others. These persons may be deemed to be underwriters with respect to any resale of the securities. To the extent required, the prospectus supplement, document incorporated by reference or free writing prospectus, as applicable, will describe the terms of any such sales, including the terms of any bidding or auction process, if used.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">Agents, underwriters and dealers may be entitled under agreements which may be entered into with us to indemnification by us against specified liabilities, including liabilities incurred under the Securities Act, or to contribution by us to payments they may be required to make in respect of such liabilities. If required, the prospectus supplement, document incorporated by reference or free writing prospectus, as applicable, will describe the terms and conditions of such indemnification or contribution. Some of the agents, underwriters or dealers, or their affiliates may be customers of, engage in transactions with or perform services for us or our subsidiaries or affiliates in the ordinary course of business.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">Under the securities laws of some states, the securities offered by this prospectus may be sold in those states only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">Any person participating in the distribution of securities registered under the registration statement that includes this prospectus will be subject to applicable provisions of the Exchange Act, and the applicable SEC rules and regulations, including, among others, Regulation M, which may limit the timing of purchases and sales of any of our securities by any such person. Furthermore, Regulation M may restrict the ability of any person engaged in the distribution of our securities to engage in market-making activities with respect to our securities</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt -9pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">These restrictions may affect the marketability of our securities and the ability of any person or entity to engage in market-making activities with respect to our securities.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt -9pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">Certain persons participating in an offering may engage in over-allotment, stabilizing transactions, short-covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the offered securities. If any such activities will occur, they will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt -9pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">If more than ten percent (10%) of the net proceeds of any offering of securities made under this prospectus will be received by Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (&#8220;FINRA&#8221;) members participating in the offering or affiliates or associated persons of such FINRA members, the offering will be conducted in accordance with FINRA Conduct Rule 5110(h).</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt -9pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">To the extent required, this prospectus may be amended or supplemented from time to time to describe a specific plan of distribution.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b><a id="legalmatters" href="#"></a>LEGAL MATTERS</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt -9pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">The validity of the securities to be offered hereby will be passed upon by Lewis Brisbois Bisgaard &amp; Smith LLP, Los Angeles, California. Additional legal matters may be passed on for us, or any underwriters, dealers or agents by counsel we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b><a id="experts" href="#"></a>EXPERTS</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt -9pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">The consolidated financial statements of AXT, Inc. as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024 incorporated in this Registration Statement on Form S-3 by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of BPM LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><b><a id="whereinfo" href="#"></a>WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt -9pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our SEC filings are available to the public over the Internet at the SEC&#8217;s website at <span style="text-decoration: underline; ">www.sec.gov</span>. Copies of certain information filed by us with the SEC are also available on our website at <span style="text-decoration: underline; ">www.axt.com</span>. Information accessible on or through our website is not a part of this prospectus.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt -9pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">This prospectus and any prospectus supplement is part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC and do not contain all of the information in the registration statement. You should review the information and exhibits in the registration statement for further information on us and our consolidated subsidiaries and the securities that we are offering. Forms of any indenture or other documents establishing the terms of the offered securities are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part or under cover of a Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated in this prospectus by reference. Statements in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement about these documents are summaries and each statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the document to which it refers. You should read the actual documents for a more complete description of the relevant matters.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><b><a id="incorpbyref" href="#"></a>INCORPORATION OF INFORMATION BY REFERENCE</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt -9pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">The SEC allows us to &#8220;incorporate by reference&#8221; the information we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information we incorporate by reference is an important part of this prospectus, and certain information that we will later file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below, as well as any future filings made with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act from the date of the initial registration statement and prior to the effectiveness of this registration statement, and any filings made after the date of this prospectus until we sell all of the securities under this prospectus, except that we do not incorporate any document or portion of a document that was furnished and deemed by the rules of the SEC not to have been filed:</p>

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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1051627/000155837025003004/axti-20241231x10k.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Our</a><a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1051627/000155837021003377/axti-20201231x10k.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">&#160;</a><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1051627/000155837025003004/axti-20241231x10k.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 14, 2024 (the &#8220;Form 10-K&#8221;)</a><a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1051627/000155837021003377/axti-20201231x10k.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">;</a>&#160;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001051627/000155837025004393/axti-20250515xdef14a.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">The portions of our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A (other than information furnished rather than filed) that are incorporated by reference into our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on April 3, 2025</a><a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1051627/000155837021007277/axti-20210331x10q.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">;</a>&#160;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001051627/000155837025007751/axti-20250331x10q.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2025, filed with the SEC on May 14, 2025</a> and <a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001051627/000143774925026516/axti20250630_10q.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2025, filed with the SEC on August 13, 2025</a>;&#160;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on <a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001051627/000155837025007952/axti-20250515x8k.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">May 16, 2025</a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001051627/000143774925023014/axti20250715_8k.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">July 18, 2025</a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001051627/000143774925023321/axti20250722_8k.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">July 23, 2025</a>, as amended on <a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001051627/000143774925023431/axti20250724_8ka.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">July 24, 2025</a>, and <a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001051627/000143774925024601/axti20250731_8k.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">August 4, 2025</a>; and</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;font-size: 10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1051627/0000891618-98-001900.txt" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">The description of our common stock contained in the Registration Statement on Form 8-A relating thereto, filed with the SEC on April 24, 1998, including any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description</a><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1051627/0000891618-98-001900-index.html" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">.</a></p>
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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt -9pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">Additionally, all reports and other documents subsequently filed by us pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the effective date of this prospectus and prior to the termination or completion of this offering, shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus and to be part hereof from the date of filing of such reports and other documents. Any information that we subsequently file with the SEC that is incorporated by reference as described above will automatically update and supersede any previous information that is part of this prospectus.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt -9pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">We hereby undertake to provide without charge to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a copy of this prospectus is delivered, upon written or oral request of any such person, a copy of any and all of the information that has been or may be incorporated by reference in this prospectus, other than exhibits to such documents. You may request a copy of these filings, at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at the following address:</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">AXT, Inc.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">4281 Technology Drive</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Fremont, California 94538</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Attn: Investor Relations</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">(510) 438-4700</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;text-indent:36pt;"><b>You should rely only on information contained in, or incorporated by reference into, this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information that is different. This prospectus may be used only in jurisdictions where offers and sales of these securities are permitted.</b>&#160;<b> Offers to sell the securities in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or solicitation is not authorized or in which the person making such offer or solicitation is not qualified to do so or to anyone to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation. This document may only be used where it is legal to sell these securities. The information in this document may only be accurate on the date of this document.</b></p>

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<div>&#160;</div>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>PART II</b></p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS</b></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

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		<tbody><tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 8%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;"><b>Item 14.</b></p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: middle; width: 92%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;"><b>Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution </b></p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">The estimated expenses payable by us in connection with the offering described in this registration statement will be as follows. With the exception of the filing fees for the U.S. Securities Exchange Commission and the FINRA filing fee, all amounts are estimates.</p>

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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="finTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tbody><tr class="finHeading" style="vertical-align: bottom; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<td style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 85%;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1px;">&#160;</td>
			<td colspan="2" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><b><b>Amount</b><br/>
			<b>to be Paid</b></b></td>
			<td style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1px;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">SEC registration fee&#8204;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: 1%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 1%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">$</td>
			<td style="width: 12%; text-align: right; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">13,810.00</td>
			<td style="width: 1%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Stock exchange listing fee&#8204;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: 1%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 1%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 12%; text-align: right; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">*</td>
			<td style="width: 1%; margin-left: 0pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Legal fees and expenses&#8204;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: 1%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 1%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 12%; text-align: right; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">*</td>
			<td style="width: 1%; margin-left: 0pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Accounting fees and expenses&#8204;</td>
			<td style="width: 1%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 1%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 12%; text-align: right; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">*</td>
			<td style="width: 1%; margin-left: 0pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Transfer agent and registrar fees and expenses&#8204;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: 1%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 1%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 12%; text-align: right; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">*</td>
			<td style="width: 1%; margin-left: 0pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Trustee&#8217;s fees and expenses&#8204;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: 1%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 1%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 12%; text-align: right; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">*</td>
			<td style="width: 1%; margin-left: 0pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Miscellaneous expenses&#8204;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: 1%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 1%; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 12%; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: right; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">*</td>
			<td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1px; margin-left: 0pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;">Total&#8204;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: 1%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: 1%; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">$</td>
			<td style="width: 12%; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: right; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">13,810.00</td>
			<td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

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		<tbody><tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:3.8%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">*</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:middle;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">These fees are calculated based on the securities offered and the number of issuances and accordingly cannot be estimated at this time.</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

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		<tbody><tr>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 8%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Item 15.</b></p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: middle; width: 92%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Indemnification of Directors and Officers</b></p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">Our restated certificate of incorporation (Exhibit 3.1 hereto and any amendments thereto) provides for the indemnification of directors to the fullest extent permissible under Delaware General Corporation Law. Article VIII of our amended and restated bylaws (Exhibit 3.5 hereto) provides indemnification of our directors and officers to the maximum extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law. In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and officers, and we maintain insurance policies insuring our directors and officers against certain liabilities that they may incur in their capacity as officers and directors of our company.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">See also the undertakings set out in response to Item 17 herein.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-indent: 36pt;">The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in the registrant&#8217;s amended and restated certificate of incorporation, amended and restated bylaws and the indemnification agreements that the registrant has entered into with its directors and executive officers may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against the registrant&#8217;s directors and executive officers for breach of their fiduciary duties. They may also reduce the likelihood of derivative litigation against the registrant&#8217;s directors and executive officers, even though an action, if successful, might benefit the registrant and other stockholders. Further, a stockholder&#8217;s investment may be adversely affected to the extent that the registrant pays the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and executive officers as required by these indemnification provisions. At present, the registrant is not aware of any pending litigation or proceeding involving any person who is or was one of the registrant&#8217;s directors or officers, or is or was one of the registrant&#8217;s directors or officers serving at its request as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, for which indemnification is sought, and we are not aware of any threatened litigation that may result in claims for indemnification.</p>

<div>&#160;</div>

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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

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<div class="hf-row">
<div class="hf-cell PGNUM" style="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times New Roman;">II-1</div>
</div>
</div>

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<div class="hf-cell TOCLink">&#160;</div>
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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&#160;</p>

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			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 8%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Item 16.</b></p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: middle; width: 92%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Exhibits&#160;and Financial Statement Schedules </b></p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</tbody></table>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">The following exhibits are filed herewith or incorporated by reference in this prospectus:</p>

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			<td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 10%; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 56%; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -63pt;">&#8203;<b>For the Year Ended December</b>&#160;<b>31, 2024</b></p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 10%; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>Exhibit Number</b></p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 56%; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>Exhibit Description</b></p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 29pt;">1.1*</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 56%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Form of Underwriting Agreement</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 29pt;">3.1(1)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 56%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1051627/0000891618-99-001304-index.html" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Restated Certificate of Incorporation</a></p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 29pt;">3.2(2)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 56%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1051627/000109581100002704/ex3-1.txt" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation</a></p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 29pt;">3.3(3)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 56%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1051627/000110465904022690/a04-8678_1ex3d4.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Certificate of Amendment to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation</a></p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 29pt;">3.4(4)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 56%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1051627/0000891618-99-002682-index.html" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of Series A Preferred Stock</a>&#160;(which is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant&#8217;s form&#160;8-K dated June 14, 1999).</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 29pt;">3.5(5)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 56%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1051627/000089161801500973/f72956ex3-4.txt" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Second Amended and Restated Bylaws</a></p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 29pt;">3.6(6)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 56%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1051627/000110465907057897/a07-20782_1ex99d2.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Amended and Restated Section 5.1 of Article V of the Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of AXT, Inc.</a></p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 29pt;">3.7(7)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 56%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1051627/000110465910053743/a10-19948_1ex3d1.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Certificate of Amendment to Bylaws</a></p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 29pt;">4.1*</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 56%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Form of Preferred Stock Certificate</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 29pt;">4.2*</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 56%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Form of Debt Security</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 29pt;">4.3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 56%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><a href="ex_883275.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Form of Indenture</a></p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 29pt;">4.4*</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 56%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Form of Depositary Agreement</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 29pt;">4.5*</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 56%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Form of Warrant Agreement</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 29pt;">4.6*</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 56%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Form of Subscription Agreement</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 29pt;">4.7*</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 56%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Form of Purchase Contract Agreement</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 29pt;">4.8*</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 56%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Form of Unit Agreement</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 29pt;">4.9*</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 56%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Form of Unit</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 29pt;">5.1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 56%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><a href="ex_883276.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Opinion of Lewis Brisbois Bisgaard &amp; Smith LLP</a></p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 29pt;">23.1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 56%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><a href="ex_883277.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Consent of BPM LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</a></p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
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		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 29pt;">23.2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 56%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><a href="ex_883276.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Consent of Lewis Brisbois Bisgaard &amp; Smith LLP&#160;(included in Exhibit 5.1)</a></p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
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			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 29pt;">24.1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 56%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><a href="#poa" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Power of Attorney (included on the signature page in Part II of this Registration Statement)</a></p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 29pt;">25.1**</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 56%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility of Trustee for Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%; padding-left: 27pt;">107</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 56%;"><a href="ex_883938.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Filing Fee Table</a></td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#8203;</p>

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			<td style="width: 18pt; font-size: 9pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;">(1)</td>
			<td style="width: auto; font-size: 9pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;">Incorporated by reference to exhibit&#160;3.1 to registrant&#8217;s Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 31, 1999.</td>
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		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 9pt;">
			<td style="width: 18pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 9pt;">(2)</td>
			<td style="width: auto; font-size: 9pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;">Incorporated by reference to exhibit&#160;3.1 to registrant&#8217;s Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 14, 2000.</td>
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			<td style="width: 18pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 9pt;">(3)</td>
			<td style="width: auto; font-size: 9pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;">Incorporated by reference to exhibit&#160;3.4 to registrant&#8217;s Form 10-Q filed with SEC on August 5, 2004.</td>
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		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 9pt;">
			<td style="width: 18pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 9pt;">(4)</td>
			<td style="width: auto; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 9pt;">Incorporated by reference to exhibit&#160;3.1 to registrant&#8217;s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 14, 1999.</td>
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		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 9pt;">
			<td style="width: 18pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 9pt;">(5)</td>
			<td style="width: auto; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 9pt;">Incorporated by reference to exhibit&#160;3.4 to registrant&#8217;s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 30, 2001.</td>
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		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 9pt;">
			<td style="width: 18pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 9pt;">(6)</td>
			<td style="width: auto; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 9pt;">Incorporated by reference to exhibit 99.2 to registrant&#8217;s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 1, 2007.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 9pt;">
			<td style="width: 18pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 9pt;">(7)</td>
			<td style="width: auto; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 9pt;">Incorporated by reference to exhibit&#160;3.1 to registrant&#8217;s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 26, 2010.</td>
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		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 9pt;">
			<td style="width: 18pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 9pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="width: auto; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 9pt;">&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: top; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 9pt;">
			<td style="width: 18pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 9pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 9pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">*</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 9pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 9pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">To be filed, if applicable, by amendment or incorporated by reference pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K.</p>
			</td>
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			<td style="width: 18pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 9pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 9pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">**</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 9pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 9pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">To be filed pursuant to Section&#160;305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.</p>
			</td>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Item 17.</b></p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: middle; width: 92%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Undertakings</b></p>
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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;">&#160;(a)&#160; &#160;The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;">&#160;(1)&#160; &#160;To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 63pt;">(i)&#160; &#160;To include any prospectus required by Section&#160;10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 81pt; text-indent: -18pt;">(ii)&#160; To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most&#160;recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the&#160;information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of&#160;securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was&#160;registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed&#160;with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the Commission, pursuant to Rule&#160;424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes&#160;in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the&#160;&#8220;Calculation of Registration Fee&#8221; table in the effective registration statement; and</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 63pt; text-align: left;">(iii)&#160; To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 63pt; text-align: left;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><i>provided</i>, <i>however</i>, that paragraphs (1)(i), (1)(ii) and (1)(iii) do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section&#160;13 or Section&#160;15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule&#160;424(b) that is part of the registration statement.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;">(2)&#160; That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial <i>bona fide </i>offering thereof.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;">(3)&#160; To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;">(4)&#160;&#160;That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser:</p>

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			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt;">a.</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;">each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and</p>
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			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: auto; padding-left: 54pt;">&#160;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">b.</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:auto;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;">each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof; provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.</p>
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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;">(5)&#160;&#160;That, for the purpose of determining liability of a registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of such undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 99pt; text-indent: -18pt;">(i)&#160; &#160;Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule&#160;424;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 99pt; text-indent: -18pt;">(ii)&#160; &#160;Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 99pt; text-indent: -18pt;">(iii)&#160; The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 99pt; text-indent: -18pt;">(iv)&#160; Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 99pt; text-indent: -18pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;">(b)&#160;&#160;That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the registrant&#8217;s annual report pursuant to Section&#160;13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan&#8217;s annual report pursuant to Section&#160;15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in the registration&#160;statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial <i>bona fide</i> offering thereof.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;">(c)&#160; Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Exchange Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;">(d)&#160; The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission under Section 305(b)(2) of the Act.</p>

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<div class="hf-cell PGNUM" style="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times New Roman;">II-4</div>
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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>SIGNATURES</b></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form&#160;S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Fremont, State of California, on November 7, 2025.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 252pt;"><b>AXT, INC.</b></p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 252pt;">By:<i><span style="text-decoration: underline; ">/s/</span></i><span style="text-decoration: underline; "> Morris S. Young</span><span style="text-decoration: underline; ">&#8203;</span><span style="text-decoration: underline; ">&#8203;</span></p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 252pt;">Morris S. Young</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 252pt;">Chief Executive Officer</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 252pt;"><i>(Principal Executive Officer)</i></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b><a id="poa" href="#"></a>POWER OF ATTORNEY</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Morris S. Young and Gary L. Fischer, and each of them, as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this registration statement, including post-effective amendments, and registration statements filed pursuant to Rule 462 under the Securities Act, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and all other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith and about the premises, as fully for all intents and purposes as they, he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent or any of them, or their, his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.</p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated:</p>

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			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
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			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
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			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
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			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
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			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 50%;">&#160;</td>
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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#8203;</p>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-4.3
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<FILENAME>ex_883275.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 4.3
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<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: right;"><b>Exhibit 4.3</b></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>AXT, INC.</b></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>INDENTURE</b></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Dated as of, 20</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<hr style="text-align: center; height: 1px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; width: 25%; border: none; margin: 3pt auto">
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>[__________]</b></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Trustee</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"><b>TABLE OF CONTENTS</b></p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

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		<tr>
			<td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>Page</b></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 1.1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Definitions</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">1</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 1.2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Other Definitions</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">4</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 1.3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">4</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 1.4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Rules of Construction</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">5</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">ARTICLE II THE SECURITIES</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">5</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 2.1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Issuable in Series</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">5</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 2.2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">5</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 2.3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Execution and Authentication</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">8</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 2.4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Registrar and Paying Agent</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">9</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 2.5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">9</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 2.6</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Securityholder Lists</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">10</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 2.7</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Transfer and Exchange</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">10</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 2.8</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">10</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 2.9</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Outstanding Securities</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">11</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 2.10</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Treasury Securities</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">11</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 2.11</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Temporary Securities</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">12</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 2.12</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Cancellation</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">12</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 2.13</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Defaulted Interest</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">12</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 2.14</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Global Securities</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">12</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 2.15</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">CUSIP Numbers</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">15</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">ARTICLE III REDEMPTION</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">15</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 3.1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Notice to Trustee</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">15</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 3.2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Selection of Securities to be Redeemed</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">15</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 3.3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Notice of Redemption</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">16</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 3.4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Effect of Notice of Redemption</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">16</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 3.5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Deposit of Redemption Price</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">17</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 3.6</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Securities Redeemed in Part</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">17</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">ARTICLE IV COVENANTS</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">17</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 4.1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Payment of Principal and Interest</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">17</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 4.2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">SEC Reports</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">17</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 4.3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Compliance Certificate</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">17</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 4.4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Stay, Extension and Usury Laws</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">18</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">ARTICLE V SUCCESSORS</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">18</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 5.1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">When Company May Merge, Etc</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">18</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 5.2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Successor Corporation Substituted</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">18</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">ARTICLE VI DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">19</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 6.1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Events of Default</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">19</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 6.2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">20</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 6.3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">21</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 6.4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Trustee May File Proofs of Claim</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">21</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 6.5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">22</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 6.6</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Application of Money Collected</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">22</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</table>

<p style="margin: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;</p>

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<div class="PGFTR" style="text-align: center; width: 100%">
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<div class="hf-cell PGNUM">i</div>
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<hr style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always; border: none; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000">
<div class="PGHDR" style="text-align: left; width: 100%">
<div class="hf-row">
<div class="hf-cell TOCLink">&nbsp;</div>
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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0pt" cellspacing="0pt" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt;">

		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 6.7</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Limitation on Suits</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">22</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 6.8</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">23</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 6.9</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Restoration of Rights and Remedies</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">23</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 6.10</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Rights and Remedies Cumulative</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">23</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 6.11</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Delay or Omission Not Waiver</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">24</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 6.12</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Control by Holders</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">24</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 6.13</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Waiver of Past Defaults</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">24</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 6.14</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Undertaking for Costs</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">25</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">ARTICLE VII TRUSTEE</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">25</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 7.1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Duties of Trustee</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">25</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 7.2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Rights of Trustee</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">26</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 7.3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Individual Rights of Trustee</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">28</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 7.4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Trustee&#8217;s Disclaimer</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">28</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 7.5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Notice of Defaults</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">28</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 7.6</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Reports by Trustee to Holders</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">28</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 7.7</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Compensation and Indemnity</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">29</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 7.8</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Replacement of Trustee</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">29</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 7.9</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Successor Trustee by Merger, Etc</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">30</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 7.10</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Eligibility; Disqualification</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">30</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 7.11</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">31</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">ARTICLE VIII SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">31</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 8.1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">31</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 8.2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">32</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 8.3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Legal Defeasance of Securities of any Series</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">32</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 8.4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Covenant Defeasance</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">34</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 8.5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Repayment to Company</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">35</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 8.6</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Reinstatement</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">35</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">ARTICLE IX AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">35</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 9.1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Without Consent of Holders</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">35</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 9.2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">With Consent of Holders</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">36</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 9.3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Limitations</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">37</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 9.4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Compliance with Trust Indenture Act</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">38</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 9.5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Revocation and Effect of Consents</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">38</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 9.6</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Notation on or Exchange of Securities</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">38</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 9.7</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Trustee Protected</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">38</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">ARTICLE X MISCELLANEOUS</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">39</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 10.1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Trust Indenture Act Controls</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">39</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 10.2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Notices</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">39</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 10.3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Communication by Holders with Other Holders</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">40</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 10.4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">40</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 10.5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">40</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 10.6</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Rules by Trustee and Agents</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">41</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 10.7</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Legal Holidays</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">41</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 10.8</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">No Recourse Against Others</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">41</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 10.9</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Counterparts</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">41</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 10.10</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Governing Law; Waiver of Jury Trial; Consent to Jurisdiction</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">41</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 10.11</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">42</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</table>

<p style="margin: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;</p>

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<div class="PGFTR" style="text-align: center; width: 100%">
<div class="hf-row">
<div class="hf-cell PGNUM">ii</div>
</div>
</div>

<hr style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always; border: none; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000">
<div class="PGHDR" style="text-align: left; width: 100%">
<div class="hf-row">
<div class="hf-cell TOCLink">&nbsp;</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</p>

<table cellpadding="0pt" cellspacing="0pt" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt;">

		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 10.12</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Successors</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">42</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 10.13</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Severability</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">42</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 10.14</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Table of Contents, Headings, Etc</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">42</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 10.15</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Securities in a Foreign Currency</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">42</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 10.16</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Judgment Currency</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">43</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 10.17</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Force Majeure</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">43</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 10.18</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">U.S.A. Patriot Act</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">43</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">ARTICLE XI SINKING FUNDS</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">44</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 11.1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Applicability of Article</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">44</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 11.2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">44</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Section 11.3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">45</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<div class="PGBK" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt">
<div class="PGFTR" style="text-align: center; width: 100%">
<div class="hf-row">
<div class="hf-cell PGNUM">iii</div>
</div>
</div>

<hr style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always; border: none; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000">
<div class="PGHDR" style="text-align: left; width: 100%">
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<div class="hf-cell TOCLink">&nbsp;</div>
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</div>
</div>

<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>AXT, INC.</b></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Reconciliation and tie between Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and Indenture, dated as of&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;, 20</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;">

		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#167;&nbsp;310(a)(1)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">7.10</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(a)(2)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">7.10</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(a)(3)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Not Applicable</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(a)(4)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Not Applicable</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(a)(5)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">7.10</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(b)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">7.10</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#167;&nbsp;311(a)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">7.11</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(b)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">7.11</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(c)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Not Applicable</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#167;&nbsp;312(a)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">2.6</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(b)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">10.3</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(c)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">10.3</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#167;&nbsp;313(a)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">7.6</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(b)(1)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">7.6</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(b)(2)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">7.6</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(c)(1)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">7.6</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(d)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">7.6</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#167;&nbsp;314(a)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">4.2, 10.5</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(b)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Not Applicable</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(c)(1)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">10.4</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(c)(2)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">10.4</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(c)(3)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Not Applicable</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(d)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Not Applicable</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(e)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">10.5</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(f)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Not Applicable</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#167;&nbsp;315(a)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">7.1</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(b)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">7.5</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(c)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">7.1</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(d)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">7.1</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(e)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">6.14</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#167;&nbsp;316(a)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">2.10</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(a)(1)(A)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">6.12</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(a)(1)(B)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">6.13</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(b)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">6.8</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#167;&nbsp;317(a)(1)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">6.3</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(a)(2)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">6.4</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">(b)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">2.5</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">&#167;&nbsp;318(a)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.9%;">
			<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#8203;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align:top;width:18.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">10.1</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</table>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><u>&#8203; </u></p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Note:&nbsp;This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be part of the Indenture.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<div class="PGBK" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt">
<div class="PGFTR" style="text-align: center; width: 100%">
<div class="hf-row">
<div class="hf-cell PGNUM">&nbsp;</div>
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<hr style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always; border: none; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000">
<div class="PGHDR" style="text-align: left; width: 100%">
<div class="hf-row">
<div class="hf-cell TOCLink">&nbsp;</div>
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<div contenteditable="false" data-applyto="p" data-auto-pgnum="start" data-displaynum="1" data-fontname="Times New Roman" data-fontsize="10pt" data-numstyle="a" data-prefix="" data-startnum="1" data-suffix="" data-textalign="center">&nbsp;</div>

<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Indenture dated as of &nbsp; &nbsp;, 20 &nbsp; &nbsp;between AXT, Inc., a company incorporated under the laws of Delaware (the &#8220;<i>Company</i>&#8221;), and [__________], a national banking association organized under the laws of the United States, as trustee (the &#8220;<i>Trustee</i>&#8221;).</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Each party agrees as follows for the benefit of the other party and for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities issued under this Indenture.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>ARTICLE I</b>&#8203;<br>
<b>DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE</b></p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="width: 72pt;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 1.1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Definitions</u>.</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</table>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Additional Amounts</i>&#8221; means any additional amounts which are required hereby or by any Security, under circumstances specified herein or therein, to be paid by the Company in respect of certain taxes imposed on Holders specified herein or therein and which are owing to such Holders.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Affiliate</i>&#8221; of any specified person means any other person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under common control with such specified person. For the purposes of this definition, &#8220;control&#8221; (including, with correlative meanings, the terms &#8220;controlled by&#8221; and &#8220;under common control with&#8221;), as used with respect to any person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such person, whether through the ownership of voting securities or by agreement or otherwise.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Agent</i>&#8221; means any Registrar, Paying Agent or Notice Agent.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Board of Directors</i>&#8221; means the board of directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee thereof.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Board Resolution</i>&#8221; means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been adopted by the Board of Directors or pursuant to authorization by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of the certificate and delivered to the Trustee.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Business Day</i>&#8221; means, any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a Legal Holiday in The City of New York, New York (or in connection with any payment, the place of payment) on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Capital Stock</i>&#8221; means any and all shares, interests, participations, rights or other equivalents (however designated) of corporate stock.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Company</i>&#8221; means the party named as such above until a successor replaces it and thereafter means the successor.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Company Order</i>&#8221; means a written order signed in the name of the Company by an Officer.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Corporate Trust Office</i>&#8221;&nbsp;means the principal office of the Trustee at which at any time this Indenture shall be administered, which office as of the date hereof is located at&nbsp;the address specified in Section 10.2. With respect to presentation for transfer or exchange, conversions or principal payment, such address shall be at the address specified in Section 10.2, or such other address as the Trustee may designate&nbsp;from time to time by written notice to the Holders and the Company, or the principal corporate trust office of any successor Trustee (or such other address as such successor Trustee may designate from time to time by written notice to the Holders and the Company).</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Default</i>&#8221; means any event which is, or after notice or passage of time or both would be, an Event of Default.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Depositary</i>&#8221; means, with respect to the Securities of any Series issuable or issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities, the person designated as Depositary for such Series by the Company, which Depositary shall be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act; and if at any time there is more than one such person, &#8220;Depositary&#8221; as used with respect to the Securities of any Series shall mean the Depositary with respect to the Securities of such Series.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Discount Security</i>&#8221; means any Security that provides for an amount less than the stated principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Dollars</i>&#8221; and &#8220;<i>$</i>&#8221; means the currency of The United States of America.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Exchange Act</i>&#8221; means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Foreign Currency</i>&#8221; means any currency or currency unit issued by a government other than the government of The United States of America.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Foreign Government Obligations</i>&#8221; means, with respect to Securities of any Series that are denominated in a Foreign Currency, direct obligations of, or obligations guaranteed by, the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency for the payment of which obligations its full faith and credit is pledged and which are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;GAAP</i>&#8221; means accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board or in such other statements by such other entity as have been approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession, which are in effect as of the date of determination.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Global Security</i>&#8221; or &#8220;<i>Global Securities</i>&#8221; means a Security or Securities, as the case may be, in the form established pursuant to Section 2.2 evidencing all or part of a Series of Securities, issued to the Depositary for such Series or its nominee, and registered in the name of such Depositary or nominee.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Holder</i>&#8221; or &#8220;<i>Securityholder</i>&#8221; means a person in whose name a Security is registered on the books of the Registrar.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Indenture</i>&#8221; means this Indenture as amended or supplemented from time to time and shall include the form and terms of particular Series of Securities established as contemplated hereunder.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;interest</i>&#8221; with respect to any Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest payable after Maturity.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Maturity</i>,&#8221; when used with respect to any Security, means the date on which the principal of such Security becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Officer</i>&#8221; means the Chief Executive Officer, President, the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary, and any Vice President of the Company.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Officer</i>&#8217;<i>s Certificate</i>&#8221; means a certificate signed by any Officer that meets the requirements of Section 10.5.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Opinion of Counsel</i>&#8221; means a written opinion of legal counsel who is acceptable to the Trustee. The opinion may contain customary limitations, qualifications, conditions and exceptions. The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Company.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;person</i>&#8221; means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, limited liability company, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;principal</i>&#8221; of a Security means the principal of the Security plus, when appropriate, the premium, if any, on, and any Additional Amounts in respect of, the Security.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Responsible Officer</i>&#8221; means any officer of the Trustee in its Corporate Trust Office having direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with a particular subject.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;SEC</i>&#8221; means the Securities and Exchange Commission.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Securities</i>&#8221; means the debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company of any Series authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Series</i>&#8221; or &#8220;<i>Series of Securities</i>&#8221; means each series of debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company created pursuant to Sections 2.1 and 2.2 hereof.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Stated Maturity</i>&#8221; when used with respect to any Security, means the date specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or interest is due and payable.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Subsidiary</i>&#8221; of any specified person means any corporation, association or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of shares of Capital Stock entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of that person or a combination thereof.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;TIA</i>&#8221; means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S. Code &#167;&#167; 77aaa-77bbbb) as in effect on the date of this Indenture; <u>provided</u>, <u>however</u>, that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date, &#8220;TIA&#8221; means, to the extent required by any such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act as so amended.</p>

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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Trustee</i>&#8221; means the person named as the &#8220;Trustee&#8221; in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter &#8220;Trustee&#8221; shall mean or include each person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such person, &#8220;Trustee&#8221; as used with respect to the Securities of any Series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that Series.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;U.S. Government Obligations</i>&#8221; means securities which are direct obligations of, or guaranteed by, The United States of America for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged and which are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall also include a depositary receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such U.S. Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of any such U.S. Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depository receipt, <i>provided</i> that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation evidenced by such depositary receipt.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 1.2<u> </u></p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Other Definitions</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">TERM</p>
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			<td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 38%; border-bottom: 1px solid black;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">DEFINED IN SECTION</p>
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			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 60%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><i>&#8220;Bankruptcy Law</i>&#8221;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 38%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">6.1</p>
			</td>
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		<tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 60%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><i>&#8220;Custodian</i>&#8221;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 38%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">6.1</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 60%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><i>&#8220;Event of Default</i>&#8221;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 38%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">6.1</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 60%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><i>&#8220;Judgment Currency</i>&#8221;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 38%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">10.16</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 60%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><i>&#8220;Legal Holiday</i>&#8221;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 38%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">10.7</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 60%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><i>&#8220;mandatory sinking fund payment</i>&#8221;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 38%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">11.1</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 60%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><i>&#8220;New York Banking Day</i>&#8221;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 38%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">10.16</p>
			</td>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><i>&#8220;Notice Agent</i>&#8221;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 38%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">2.4</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><i>&#8220;optional sinking fund payment</i>&#8221;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 38%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">11.1</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><i>&#8220;Paying Agent</i>&#8221;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 38%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">2.4</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><i>&#8220;Registrar</i>&#8221;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 38%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">2.4</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><i>&#8220;Required Currency</i>&#8221;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 38%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">10.16</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><i>&#8220;Specified Courts</i>&#8221;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 38%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">10.10</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><i>&#8220;successor person</i>&#8221;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 38%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">5.1</p>
			</td>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 1.3<u> </u></p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision of the TIA, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture. The following TIA terms used in this Indenture have the following meanings:</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><i>&#8220;Commission</i>&#8221; means the SEC.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><i>&#8220;indenture securities</i>&#8221; means the Securities.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><i>&#8220;indenture security holder</i>&#8221; means a Securityholder.</p>

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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><i>&#8220;indenture to be qualified</i>&#8221; means this Indenture.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><i>&#8220;indenture trustee</i>&#8221; or &#8220;<i>institutional trustee</i>&#8221; means the Trustee.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><i>&#8220;obligor</i>&#8221; on the indenture securities means the Company and any successor obligor upon the Securities.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the TIA, defined by TIA reference to another statute or defined by SEC rule under the TIA and not otherwise defined herein are used herein as so defined.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Rules of Construction</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Unless the context otherwise requires:</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(a)</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">a term has the meaning assigned to it;</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(b)</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">an accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with GAAP;</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(c)</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">&#8220;<i>or</i>&#8221; is not exclusive;</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(d)</p>
			</td>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">words in the singular include the plural, and in the plural include the singular; and</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">(e)</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">provisions apply to successive events and transactions.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>ARTICLE II</b>&#8203;<br>
<b>THE SECURITIES</b></p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 2.1</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Issuable in Series</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or more Series. All Securities of a Series shall be identical except as may be set forth or determined in the manner provided in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture or an Officer&#8217;s Certificate detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution. In the case of Securities of a Series to be issued from time to time, the Board Resolution, Officer&#8217;s Certificate or supplemental indenture detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution may provide for the method by which specified terms (such as interest rate, maturity date, record date or date from which interest shall accrue) are to be determined. Securities may differ between Series in respect of any matters, provided that all Series of Securities shall be equally and ratably entitled to the benefits of the Indenture.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">At or prior to the issuance of any Securities within a Series, the following shall be established (as to the Series generally, in the case of Subsection 2.2.1 and either as to such Securities within the Series or as to the Series generally in the case of Subsections 2.2.2 through 2.2.23) by or pursuant to a Board Resolution,&nbsp;and set forth or determined in the manner provided in a Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer&#8217;s Certificate:</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.2.1.&nbsp; &nbsp; the title (which shall distinguish the Securities of that particular Series from the Securities of any other Series) and ranking (including the terms of any subordination provisions) of the Series;</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.2.2.&nbsp; &nbsp; the price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount thereof) at which the Securities of the Series will be issued;</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.2.3.&nbsp; &nbsp; any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the Series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the Series pursuant to Section 2.7, 2.8, 2.11, 3.6 or 9.6);</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.2.4.&nbsp; &nbsp; the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the Series is payable;</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.2.5.&nbsp; &nbsp; the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per annum or, if applicable, the method used to determine such rate or rates (including, but not limited to, any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the Securities of the Series shall bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which such interest, if any, shall accrue, the date or dates on which such interest, if any, shall commence and be payable and any regular record date for the interest payable on any interest payment date;</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.2.6.&nbsp; &nbsp; the place or places where the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series shall be payable, where the Securities of such Series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of such Series and this Indenture may be delivered, and the method of such payment, if by wire transfer, mail or other means;</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.2.7.&nbsp; &nbsp; if applicable, the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which the Securities of the Series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.2.8.&nbsp; &nbsp; the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase the Securities of the Series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the Series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.2.9.&nbsp; &nbsp; the dates, if any, on which and the price or prices at which the Securities of the Series will be repurchased by the Company at the option of the Holders thereof and other detailed terms and provisions of such repurchase obligations;</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.2.10.&nbsp; &nbsp; if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which the Securities of the Series shall be issuable;</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.2.11.&nbsp; &nbsp; the forms of the Securities of the Series and whether the Securities will be issuable as Global Securities;</p>

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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.2.12.&nbsp; &nbsp; if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of the Securities of the Series that shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2;</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.2.13.&nbsp; &nbsp; the currency of denomination of the Securities of the Series, which may be Dollars or any Foreign Currency, and if such currency of denomination is a composite currency, the agency or organization, if any, responsible for overseeing such composite currency;</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.2.14.&nbsp; &nbsp; the designation of the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series will be made;</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.2.15.&nbsp; &nbsp; if payments of principal of or interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series are to be made in one or more currencies or currency units other than that or those in which such Securities are denominated, the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to such payments will be determined;</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.2.16.&nbsp; &nbsp; the manner in which the amounts of payment of principal of or interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series will be determined, if such amounts may be determined by reference to an index based on a currency or currencies or by reference to a commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index;</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.2.17.&nbsp; &nbsp; the provisions, if any, relating to any security provided for the Securities of the Series;</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.2.18.&nbsp; &nbsp; any addition to, deletion of or change in the Events of Default which applies to any Securities of the Series and any change in the right of the Trustee or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to Section 6.2;</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.2.19.&nbsp; &nbsp; any addition to, deletion of or change in the covenants set forth in Articles IV or V which applies to Securities of the Series;</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.2.20.&nbsp; &nbsp; any Depositaries, interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents, conversion agents or other agents with respect to Securities of such Series if other than those appointed herein;</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.2.21.&nbsp; &nbsp; the provisions, if any, relating to conversion or exchange of any Securities of such Series, including if applicable, the conversion or exchange price, the conversion or exchange period, provisions as to whether conversion or exchange will be mandatory, at the option of the Holders thereof or at the option of the Company, the events requiring an adjustment of the conversion price or exchange price and provisions affecting conversion or exchange if such Series of Securities are redeemed;</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.2.22.&nbsp; &nbsp; any other terms of the Series (which may supplement, modify or delete any provision of this Indenture insofar as it applies to such Series), including any terms that may be required under applicable law or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of Securities of that Series; and</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.2.23.&nbsp; &nbsp; whether any of the Company&#8217;s direct or indirect Subsidiaries will guarantee the Securities of that Series, including the terms of subordination, if any, of such guarantees.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">All Securities of any one Series need not be issued at the same time and may be issued from time to time, consistent with the terms of this Indenture, if so provided by or pursuant to the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer&#8217;s Certificate referred to above. No Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer&#8217;s Certificate may affect the Trustee&#8217;s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise with respect to any Series of Securities except as the Trustee may agree in writing.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">An Officer shall sign the Securities for the Company by manual or facsimile signature.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">If an Officer whose signature is on a Security no longer holds that office at the time the Security is authenticated, the Security shall nevertheless be valid.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">A Security shall not be valid until authenticated by the manual signature of the Trustee or an authenticating agent. The signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security has been authenticated under this Indenture.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Trustee shall at any time, and from time to time, authenticate Securities for original issue in the principal amount provided in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer&#8217;s Certificate, upon receipt by the Trustee of a Company Order. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The aggregate principal amount of Securities of any Series outstanding at any time may not exceed any limit upon the maximum principal amount for such Series set forth in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer&#8217;s Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2, except as provided in Section 2.8.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Prior to the issuance of Securities of any Series, the Trustee shall have received and (subject to Section 7.2) shall be fully protected in relying on:&nbsp;(a) the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer&#8217;s Certificate establishing the form of the Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series and the terms of the Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series, (b) an Officer&#8217;s Certificate complying with Section 10.4, (c) an Opinion of Counsel complying with Section 10.4 and (d) an Opinion of Counsel (which may be the same Opinion of Counsel referred to in the preceding clause (c)) that such Securities, when they have been duly executed, issued, and authenticated in accordance with the terms of the Indenture and delivered against payment therefor in the circumstances described in such Opinion of Counsel, will be legally valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Trustee shall have the right to decline to authenticate and deliver any Securities of such Series: (a) if the Trustee, being advised by counsel, determines that such action may not be taken lawfully; or (b) if the Trustee in good faith shall determine that such action would expose the Trustee to personal liability to Holders of any then-outstanding Series of Securities.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent acceptable to the Company to authenticate Securities. An authenticating agent may authenticate Securities whenever the Trustee may do so. Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by such agent. An&nbsp;authenticating agent has the same rights as an Agent to deal with the Company or an Affiliate of the Company.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Company shall maintain, with respect to each Series of Securities, at the place or places specified with respect to such Series pursuant to Section 2.2, an office or agency where Securities of such Series may be presented or surrendered for payment (&#8220;<i>Paying Agent</i>&#8221;), where Securities of such Series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange (&#8220;<i>Registrar</i>&#8221;) and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of such Series and this Indenture may be delivered (&#8220;<i>Notice Agent</i>&#8221;). The Registrar shall keep a register with respect to each Series of Securities and to their transfer and exchange. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the name and address, and any change in the name or address, of each Registrar, Paying Agent or Notice Agent. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required Registrar, Paying Agent or Notice Agent or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the name and address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands; <u>provided</u>, <u>however</u>, that any appointment of the Trustee as the Notice Agent shall exclude the appointment of the Trustee or any office of the Trustee as an agent to receive the service of legal process on the Company.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Company may also from time to time designate one or more co-registrars, additional paying agents or additional notice agents and may from time to time rescind such designations; <u>provided</u>, <u>however</u>, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligations to maintain a Registrar, Paying Agent and Notice Agent in each place so specified pursuant to Section 2.2 for Securities of any Series for such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the name or address of any such co-registrar, additional paying agent or additional notice agent. The term &#8220;<i>Registrar</i>&#8221; includes any co-registrar; the term &#8220;<i>Paying Agent</i>&#8221; includes any additional paying agent; and the term &#8220;<i>Notice Agent</i>&#8221; includes any additional notice agent. The Company or any of its Affiliates may serve as Registrar or Paying Agent.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Company hereby appoints the Trustee the initial Registrar, Paying Agent and Notice Agent for each Series unless another Registrar, Paying Agent or Notice Agent, as the case may be, is appointed prior to the time Securities of that Series are first issued.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Company shall require each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to agree in writing that the Paying Agent will hold in trust, for the benefit of Securityholders of any Series of Securities, or the Trustee, all money held by the Paying Agent for the payment of principal of or interest on the Series of Securities, and will notify the Trustee in writing of any default by the Company in making any such payment. While any such default continues, the Trustee may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. The Company at any time may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. Upon payment over to the Trustee, the Paying Agent (if other than the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company) shall have no further liability for the money. If the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company acts as Paying Agent, it shall segregate and hold in a separate trust fund for the benefit of Securityholders of any Series of&nbsp;Securities all money held by it as Paying Agent. Upon any bankruptcy, reorganization or similar proceeding with respect to the Company, the Trustee shall serve as Paying Agent for the Securities.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Trustee shall preserve in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of Securityholders of each Series of Securities and shall otherwise comply with TIA&nbsp;&#167; 312(a). If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee at least ten days before each interest payment date and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing a list, in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of Securityholders of each Series of Securities.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Where Securities of a Series are presented to the Registrar or a co-registrar with a request to register a transfer or to exchange them for an equal principal amount of Securities of the same Series, the Registrar shall register the transfer or make the exchange if its requirements for such transactions are met. To permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Trustee shall authenticate Securities at the Registrar&#8217;s request. No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange (except as otherwise expressly permitted herein), but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable in connection therewith (other than any such transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable upon exchanges pursuant to Sections 2.11, 3.6 or 9.6).</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Neither the Company nor the Registrar shall be required (a) to issue, register the transfer of, or exchange Securities of any Series for the period beginning at the opening of business fifteen days immediately preceding the sending of a notice of redemption of Securities of that Series selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day such notice is sent, or (b) to register the transfer of or exchange Securities of any Series selected, called or being called for redemption as a whole or the portion being redeemed of any such Securities selected, called or being called for redemption in part.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a new Security of the same Series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and (ii) such security or indemnity bond as may be required by each of them to hold itself and any of its agents harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute and upon receipt of a Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new Security of the same Series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Every new Security of any Series issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of that Series duly issued hereunder.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Outstanding Securities</u>.</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Securities outstanding at any time are all the Securities authenticated by the Trustee except for those canceled by it, those delivered to it for cancellation, those reductions in the interest on a Global Security effected by the Trustee in accordance with the provisions hereof and those described in this Section as not outstanding.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">If a Security is replaced pursuant to Section 2.8, it ceases to be outstanding until the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the replaced Security is held by a bona fide purchaser.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">If the Paying Agent (other than the Company, a Subsidiary of the Company or an Affiliate of the Company) holds on the Maturity of Securities of a Series money sufficient to pay such Securities payable on that date, then on and after that date such Securities of the Series cease to be outstanding and interest on them ceases to accrue.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Company may purchase or otherwise acquire the Securities, whether by open market purchases, negotiated transactions or otherwise. A Security does not cease to be outstanding because the Company or an Affiliate of the Company holds the Security (but see Section 2.10 below).</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">In determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of outstanding Securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, the principal amount of a Discount Security that shall be deemed to be outstanding for such purposes shall be the amount of the principal thereof that would be due and payable as of the date of such determination upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 2.10</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Treasury Securities</u>.</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">In determining whether the Holders of the required principal amount of Securities of a Series have concurred in any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, Securities of a Series owned by the Company or any Affiliate of the Company shall be disregarded, except that for the purposes of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver only Securities of a Series that a Responsible Officer of the Trustee actually knows are so owned shall be so disregarded.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 2.11</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Temporary Securities</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Until definitive Securities are ready for delivery, the Company may prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate temporary Securities upon a Company Order. Temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of definitive Securities but may have variations that the Company considers appropriate for temporary Securities. Without unreasonable delay, the Company shall prepare and the Trustee upon receipt of a Company Order shall authenticate definitive Securities of the same Series and date of maturity in exchange for temporary Securities. Until so exchanged, temporary securities shall have the same rights under this Indenture as the definitive Securities.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 2.12</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Cancellation</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Company at any time may deliver Securities to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and the Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee any Securities surrendered to them for registration of transfer, exchange or payment. The Trustee shall cancel all Securities surrendered for transfer, exchange, payment, replacement or cancellation&nbsp;in accordance with its customary procedures (subject to the record retention requirement of the Exchange Act and the Trustee) and deliver a certificate of such cancellation to the Company upon written request of the Company. The Company may not issue new Securities to replace Securities that it has paid or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 2.13</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Defaulted Interest</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">If the Company defaults in a payment of interest on a Series of Securities, it shall pay the defaulted interest, plus, to the extent permitted by law, any interest payable on the defaulted interest, to the persons who are Securityholders of the Series on a subsequent special record date. The Company shall fix the record date and payment date. At least 10 days before the special record date, the Company shall send to the Trustee and to each Securityholder of the Series a notice that states the special record date, the payment date and the amount of interest to be paid. The Company may pay defaulted interest in any other lawful manner.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 2.14<u> </u></p>
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			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Global Securities</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.14.1.&nbsp; &nbsp; <u>Terms of Securities</u>. A Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer&#8217;s Certificate shall establish whether the Securities of a Series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and the Depositary for such Global Security or Securities.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.14.2.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<u>Transfer and Exchange</u>. Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary contained in Section 2.7 of the Indenture and in addition thereto, any Global Security shall be exchangeable pursuant to Section 2.7 of the Indenture for Securities registered in the names of Holders other than the Depositary for such Security or its nominee only if (i) such Depositary notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such Global Security or if at any time such Depositary ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and, in either case, the Company fails to appoint a successor Depositary registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act within 90 days of such event or (ii) the Company executes and delivers to the Trustee an Officer&#8217;s Certificate to the effect that such&nbsp;Global Security shall be so exchangeable. Any Global Security that is exchangeable pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be exchangeable for Securities registered in such names as the Depositary shall direct in writing in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security with like tenor and terms.</p>

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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Except as provided in this Section 2.14.2, a Global Security may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary with respect to such Global Security to a nominee of such Depositary, by a nominee of such Depositary to such Depositary or another nominee of such Depositary or by the Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such a successor Depositary.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:25pt;">Neither the Trustee nor any Agent shall have any responsibility for any actions taken or not taken by the Depositary.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.14.3.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<u>Legends</u>. Any Global Security issued hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form:</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&#8220;THIS SECURITY IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF THE DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY. THIS SECURITY IS EXCHANGEABLE FOR SECURITIES REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A PERSON OTHER THAN THE DEPOSITARY OR ITS NOMINEE ONLY IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE, AND MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT AS A WHOLE BY THE DEPOSITARY TO A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY, BY A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY TO THE DEPOSITARY OR ANOTHER NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY OR BY THE DEPOSITARY OR ANY SUCH NOMINEE TO A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF SUCH A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY.&#8221;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">In addition, so long as the Depository Trust Company (&#8220;<i>DTC</i>&#8221;) is the Depositary, each Global Note registered in the name of DTC or its nominee shall bear a legend in substantially the following form:</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&#8220;UNLESS THIS GLOBAL NOTE IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY, A NEW YORK CORPORATION (&#8220;DTC&#8221;), TO THE COMPANY OR ITS AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND ANY GLOBAL NOTE ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE &amp; CO. OR IN SUCH OTHER NAME AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC (AND ANY PAYMENT IS MADE TO CEDE &amp; CO. OR TO SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL INASMUCH THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE &amp; CO., HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN.&#8221;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.14.4.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<u>Acts of Holders</u>. The Depositary, as a Holder, may appoint agents and otherwise authorize participants to give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which a Holder is entitled to give or take under the Indenture.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(a)&nbsp; &nbsp; Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to be given or taken by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or by agent duly appointed in writing; and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company. Such instrument or instruments (and the&nbsp;action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the &#8220;Act&#8221; of Holders signing such instrument or instruments. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company, if made in the manner provided in this Section.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(b)&nbsp; &nbsp; The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness of such execution or by a certificate of a notary public or other officer authorized by law to take acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the individual signing such instrument or writing acknowledged to such officer the execution thereof. Where such execution is by a signer acting in a capacity other than such signer&#8217;s individual capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute sufficient proof of such signer&#8217;s authority. The fact and date of the execution of any such instrument or writing, or the authority of the Person executing the same, may also be proved in any other manner which the Trustee deems sufficient.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(c)&nbsp; &nbsp; The ownership of Global Securities or any Securities issued in certificated form shall be proved by the Registrar.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(d)&nbsp; &nbsp; Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind every future Holder of the same Security and the holder of every Security issued upon the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustee or the Company in reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such Security.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(e)&nbsp; &nbsp; If the Company shall solicit from the Holders any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, the Company may, at its option, by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, fix in advance a record date for the determination of Holders entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, but the Company shall have no obligation to do so. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act may be given before or after such record date, but only the Holders of record at the close of business on such record date shall be deemed to be Holders for the purposes of determining whether Holders of the requisite proportion of Outstanding Securities have authorized or agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities shall be computed as of such record date; provided that no such authorization, agreement or consent by the Holders on such record date shall be deemed effective unless it shall become effective pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later than six months after the record date.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.14.5.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<u>Payments</u>. Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Indenture, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.2, payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on any Global Security shall be made to the Holder thereof.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">2.14.6.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<u>Consents, Declaration and Directions</u>. The Company, the Trustee and any Agent shall treat a person as the Holder of such principal amount of outstanding Securities of such Series represented by a Global Security as shall be specified in a written statement of the Depositary or by the applicable procedures of such Depositary with respect to such Global Security, for purposes of obtaining any consents, declarations, waivers or directions required to be given by the Holders pursuant to this Indenture.</p>

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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 2.15</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>CUSIP Numbers</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Company in issuing the Securities may use &#8220;CUSIP&#8221; numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use &#8220;CUSIP&#8221; numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders; <u>provided</u> that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other elements of identification printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee of any change that the Company is aware of in the CUSIP numbers.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>ARTICLE III</b>&#8203;<br>
<b>REDEMPTION</b></p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Notice to Trustee</u>.</p>
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</table>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Company may, with respect to any Series of Securities, reserve the right to redeem and pay the Series of Securities or may covenant to redeem and pay the Series of Securities or any part thereof prior to the Stated Maturity thereof at such time and on such terms as provided for in such Securities. If a Series of Securities is redeemable and the Company wants or is obligated to redeem prior to the Stated Maturity thereof all or part of the Series of Securities pursuant to the terms of such Securities, it shall notify the Trustee in writing of the redemption date and the principal amount of Series of Securities to be redeemed. The Company shall give the notice at least 5 days before the notice is delivered to the Holders, unless a shorter period is satisfactory to the Trustee.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

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		<tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="width: 72pt;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 3.2<u> </u></p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Selection of Securities to be Redeemed</u>.</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</table>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Unless otherwise indicated for a particular Series by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer&#8217;s Certificate, if less than all the Securities of a Series are to be redeemed, the Securities of the Series to be redeemed will be selected as follows:&nbsp;(a) if the Securities are in the form of Global Securities, in accordance with the procedures of the Depositary, (b) if the Securities are listed on any national securities exchange, in compliance with the requirements of the principal national securities exchange, if any, on which the Securities are listed, or (c) if not otherwise provided for under clause (a) or (b) in the manner that the Trustee deems fair and appropriate, including <i>pro rata,</i> by lot or other method, unless otherwise required by law or applicable stock exchange requirements, subject, in the case of Global Securities, to the applicable rules and procedures of the Depositary. The Securities to be redeemed shall be selected from Securities of the Series outstanding not previously called for redemption. Portions of the principal of Securities of the Series that have denominations larger than $1,000 may be selected for redemption. Securities of the Series and portions of them it selected for redemption shall be in amounts of $1,000 or whole multiples of $1,000 or, with respect to Securities of any Series issuable in other denominations pursuant to Section 2.2.10, the minimum principal denomination for each Series and the authorized integral multiples thereof. Provisions of this Indenture that apply to Securities of a Series called for redemption also apply to portions of Securities of that Series called for redemption.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

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<div class="hf-cell PGNUM" data-number="15" data-prefix="" data-suffix="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times New Roman;">15</div>
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<div class="hf-cell TOCLink">&nbsp;</div>
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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

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		<tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="width: 72pt;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 3.3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Notice of Redemption</u>.</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</table>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Unless otherwise indicated for a particular Series by Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer&#8217;s Certificate, at least 15 days but not more than 60 days before a redemption date, the Company shall send or cause to be sent by first-class mail or electronically, in accordance with the procedures of the Depositary, a notice of redemption to each Holder whose Securities are to be redeemed.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The notice shall identify the Securities of the Series to be redeemed and shall state:</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(a)&nbsp; &nbsp; the redemption date;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(b)&nbsp; &nbsp; the redemption price (or manner of calculation if not then known);</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(c)&nbsp; &nbsp; the name and address of the Paying Agent;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(d)&nbsp; &nbsp; if any Securities are being redeemed in part, the portion of the principal amount of such Securities to be redeemed and that, after the redemption date and upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the original Security shall be issued in the name of the Holder thereof upon cancellation of the original Security;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(e)&nbsp; &nbsp; that Securities of the Series called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the redemption price;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(f)&nbsp; &nbsp; that interest on Securities of the Series called for redemption ceases to accrue on and after the redemption date unless the Company defaults in the deposit of the redemption price;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(g)&nbsp; &nbsp; the CUSIP number, if any; and</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(h)&nbsp; &nbsp; any other information as may be required by the terms of the particular Series or the Securities of a Series being redeemed.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">At the Company&#8217;s request, the Trustee shall give the notice of redemption in the Company&#8217;s name and at its expense, provided, however, that the Company has delivered to the Trustee, at least 5 days (unless a shorter time shall be acceptable to the Trustee) prior to the notice date, an Officer&#8217;s Certificate requesting that the Trustee give such notice and setting forth the information to be stated in such notice.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

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			<td style="width: 36pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="width: 72pt;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 3.4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Effect of Notice of Redemption</u>.</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</table>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Once notice of redemption is sent as provided in Section 3.3, Securities of a Series called for redemption become due and payable on the redemption date and at the redemption price. Except as otherwise provided in the supplemental indenture, Board Resolution or Officer&#8217;s Certificate for a Series, a notice of redemption may not be conditional. Upon surrender to the Paying Agent, such Securities shall be paid at the redemption price plus accrued interest to the redemption date.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

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<div class="hf-cell PGNUM" data-number="16" data-prefix="" data-suffix="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times New Roman;">16</div>
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<div class="hf-cell TOCLink">&nbsp;</div>
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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

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		<tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="width: 72pt;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 3.5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Deposit of Redemption Price</u>.</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</table>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">On or before 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on the redemption date, the Company shall irrevocably deposit with the Paying Agent money sufficient (as determined by the Company) to pay the redemption price of and accrued interest, if any, on all Securities to be redeemed on that date.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

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			<td style="width: 36pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="width: 72pt;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 3.6<u> </u></p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Securities Redeemed in Part</u>.</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</table>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Upon surrender of a Security that is redeemed in part, the Trustee shall authenticate for the Holder a new Security of the same Series and the same maturity equal in principal amount to the unredeemed portion of the Security surrendered.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>ARTICLE IV</b>&#8203;<br>
<b>COVENANTS</b></p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

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			<td style="width: 36pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="width: 72pt;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 4.1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Payment of Principal and Interest</u>.</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</table>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of the Holders of each Series of Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of that Series in accordance with the terms of such Securities and this Indenture. On or before 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on the applicable payment date, the Company shall deposit with the Paying Agent money sufficient to pay the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of each Series in accordance with the terms of such Securities and this Indenture.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

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		<tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="width: 72pt;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 4.2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>SEC Reports</u>.</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</table>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">To the extent any Securities of a Series are outstanding, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee within 15 days after it files them with the SEC copies of the annual reports and of the information, documents, and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the SEC may by rules and regulations prescribe) which the Company is required to file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. The Company also shall comply with the other provisions of TIA &#167; 314(a). Reports, information and documents filed with the SEC via the EDGAR system (or any successor system thereto) will be deemed to be delivered to the Trustee as of the time of such filing via EDGAR for purposes of this Section 4.2, it being understood that the Trustee shall have no responsibility whatsoever to determine if such filings have been made, and that the Trustee shall not be deemed to have knowledge of the information contained therein.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Delivery of reports, information and documents to the Trustee under this Section 4.2 are for informational purposes only and the Trustee&#8217;s receipt of the foregoing shall not constitute constructive or actual notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Company&#8217;s compliance with any of their covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officer&#8217;s Certificates).</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

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<div class="hf-cell PGNUM" data-number="17" data-prefix="" data-suffix="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times New Roman;">17</div>
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<div class="hf-cell TOCLink">&nbsp;</div>
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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</p>

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		<tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 36pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="width: 72pt;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 4.3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Compliance Certificate</u>.</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</table>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">To the extent any Securities of a Series are outstanding, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company, an Officer&#8217;s Certificate stating that a&nbsp;review of the activities of the Company and its Subsidiaries during the preceding fiscal year has been made under the supervision of the signing Officers with a view to determining whether the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled its obligations under this Indenture, and further stating, as to each such Officer signing such certificate, that to the best of his/her knowledge the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled each and every covenant contained in this Indenture and is not in default in the performance or observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions hereof (or, if a Default or Event of Default shall have occurred, describing all such Defaults or Events of Default of which the Officer may have knowledge).</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

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			<td style="width: 72pt;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 4.4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Stay, Extension and Usury Laws</u>.</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</table>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon, plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay, extension or usury law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture or the Securities; and the Company (to the extent it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that it will not, by resort to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law has been enacted.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>ARTICLE V</b>&#8203;<br>
<b>SUCCESSORS</b></p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

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			<td style="width: 36pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="width: 72pt;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 5.1<u> </u></p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>When Company May Merge, Etc</u>.</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</table>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Company shall not consolidate with or merge with or into, or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of its properties and assets to, any person (a &#8220;<i>successor person</i>&#8221;) unless:</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(a)&nbsp; &nbsp; the Company is the surviving corporation or the successor person (if other than the Company) is a corporation organized and validly existing under the laws of any U.S. domestic jurisdiction and expressly assumes, by a supplemental indenture, executed and delivered to the Trustee, the Company&#8217;s obligations on the Securities and under this Indenture; and</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(b)&nbsp; &nbsp; immediately after giving effect to the transaction, no Default or Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Where the Company is not the surviving corporation, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee prior to the consummation of the proposed transaction an Officer&#8217;s Certificate to the foregoing effect and an Opinion of Counsel stating that the proposed transaction and any supplemental indenture comply with this Indenture.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Notwithstanding the above, any Subsidiary of the Company may consolidate with, merge into or transfer all or part of its properties to the Company. Neither an Officer&#8217;s Certificate nor an Opinion of Counsel shall be required to be delivered in connection therewith.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

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<div class="hf-cell PGNUM" data-number="18" data-prefix="" data-suffix="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times New Roman;">18</div>
</div>
</div>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Upon any consolidation or merger, or any sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in accordance with Section 5.1, the successor corporation&nbsp;formed by such consolidation or into or with which the Company is merged or to which such sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor person has been named as the Company herein; <u>provided</u>, <u>however</u>, that the predecessor Company in the case of a sale, conveyance or other disposition (other than a lease) shall be released from all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>ARTICLE VI</b>&#8203;<br>
<b>DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES</b></p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><i>&#8220;Event of Default</i>,&#8221; wherever used herein with respect to Securities of any Series, means any one of the following events, unless in the establishing Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officer&#8217;s Certificate, it is provided that such Series shall not have the benefit of said Event of Default:</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(a)&nbsp; &nbsp; default in the payment of any interest on any Security of that Series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days (unless the entire amount of such payment is deposited by the Company with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent prior to 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on the 30<sup style="vertical-align:top;line-height:120%;">th</sup> day of such period); or</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(b)&nbsp; &nbsp; default in the payment of principal of any Security of that Series at its Maturity; or</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(c)&nbsp; &nbsp; default in the performance or breach of any covenant or warranty of the Company in this Indenture (other than defaults pursuant to paragraphs (a) or (b) above or pursuant to a covenant or warranty that has been included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of Series of Securities other than that Series), which default continues uncured for a period of 60 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a &#8220;Notice of Default&#8221; hereunder; or</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(d)&nbsp; &nbsp; the Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law:</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">commences a voluntary case,</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case,</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property,</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors, or</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">generally is unable to pay its debts as the same become due; or</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(e)&nbsp; &nbsp; a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that:</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">is for relief against the Company in an involuntary case,</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">appoints a Custodian of the Company or for all or substantially all of its property, or</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 60 days; or</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(f)&nbsp; &nbsp; any other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of that Series, which is specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer&#8217;s Certificate, in accordance with Section 2.2.18.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The term &#8220;<i>Bankruptcy Law</i>&#8221; means title 11, U.S. Code or any similar U.S. Federal or State law for the relief of debtors. The term &#8220;<i>Custodian</i>&#8221; means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Company will provide the Trustee written notice of any Default or Event of Default within 30 days of becoming aware of the occurrence of such Default or Event of Default, which notice will describe in reasonable detail the status of such Default or Event of Default and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take in respect thereof.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any Series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing (other than an Event of Default referred to in Section 6.1(d) or (e)) then in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series may declare the principal amount (or, if any Securities of that Series are Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such Securities) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all of the Securities of that Series to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified amount) and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in Section 6.1(d) or (e) shall occur, the principal amount (or specified amount) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all outstanding Securities shall <i>ipso facto</i> become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to any Series has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article provided, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that Series, other than the non-payment of the principal and interest, if any, of Securities of that Series which have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in Section 6.13.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">No such rescission shall affect any subsequent Default or impair any right consequent thereon.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Company covenants that if</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(a)&nbsp; &nbsp; default is made in the payment of any interest on any Security when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days, or</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(b)&nbsp; &nbsp; default is made in the payment of principal of any Security at the Maturity thereof, or</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(c)&nbsp; &nbsp; default is made in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, if any, when and as due by the terms of a Security,</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><i>then</i>, the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable on such Securities for principal and interest and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any overdue principal and any overdue interest at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the compensation, reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">If the Company fails to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree and may enforce the same against the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities and collect the moneys adjudged or deemed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities, wherever situated.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">If an Event of Default with respect to any Securities of any Series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such Series by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or the property of the Company or of such other obligor or their creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company for the payment of overdue principal or interest) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise,</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(a)&nbsp; &nbsp; to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of principal and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the compensation, reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and of the Holders allowed in such judicial proceeding, and</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(b)&nbsp; &nbsp; to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same, and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the compensation, reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.7.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 6.5<u> </u></p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the compensation, reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 6.6<u> </u></p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Application of Money Collected</u>.</p>
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		</tr>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Any money or property collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money or property on account of principal or interest, upon presentation of the Securities and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">First: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.7; and</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Second: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for principal of and interest on the Securities in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal and interest, respectively; and</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Third: To the Company.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 6.7</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Limitation on Suits</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">No Holder of any Security of any Series shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(a)&nbsp; &nbsp; such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that Series;</p>

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<div class="hf-cell PGNUM" data-number="22" data-prefix="" data-suffix="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times New Roman;">22</div>
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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(b)&nbsp; &nbsp; the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series shall have made written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(c)&nbsp; &nbsp; such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee indemnity or security satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by the Trustee in compliance with such request;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(d)&nbsp; &nbsp; the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(e)&nbsp; &nbsp; no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">it being understood, intended and expressly covenanted by the Holder of every Security with every other Holder and the Trustee that no one or more of such Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other of such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all such Holders of the applicable Series.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 6.8</p>
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			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on such Security on the Maturity of such Security, including the Stated Maturity expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption date) and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.</p>

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			<td style="width: 72pt;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 6.9</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Restoration of Rights and Remedies</u>.</p>
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		</tr>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 6.10</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Rights and Remedies Cumulative</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in Section 2.8, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and&nbsp;remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not, to the extent permitted by law, prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.</p>

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<div class="hf-cell PGNUM" data-number="23" data-prefix="" data-suffix="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times New Roman;">23</div>
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<div class="hf-cell TOCLink">&nbsp;</div>
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			<td style="width: 72pt;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 6.11<u> </u></p>
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			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Delay or Omission Not Waiver</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case may be.</p>

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			<td style="width: 72pt;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 6.12<u> </u></p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Control by Holders</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the Securities of such Series, provided that</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(a)&nbsp; &nbsp; such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture,</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(b)&nbsp; &nbsp; the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction,</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(c)&nbsp; &nbsp; subject to the provisions of Section 7.1, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good faith shall, by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding so directed would involve the Trustee in personal liability, and</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(d)&nbsp; &nbsp; prior to taking any action as directed under this Section 6.12, the Trustee shall be entitled to indemnity satisfactory to it against the losses, costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.</p>

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			<td style="width: 72pt;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 6.13</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Waiver of Past Defaults</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;The Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series may on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities of such Series, by written notice to the Trustee and the Company, waive any past Default hereunder with respect to such Series and its consequences, except a Default in the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security of such Series (provided, however, that the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series may rescind an acceleration and its consequences, including any related payment default that resulted from such acceleration). Upon any such waiver, such Default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or impair any right consequent thereon.</p>

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<div class="hf-cell PGNUM" data-number="24" data-prefix="" data-suffix="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times New Roman;">24</div>
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<div class="hf-cell TOCLink">&nbsp;</div>
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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

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			<td style="width: 36pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="width: 72pt;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 6.14</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Undertaking for Costs</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys&#8217; fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Company, to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series, or to any suit instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security on or after the Maturity of such Security, including the Stated Maturity expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption date).</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>ARTICLE VII</b>&#8203;<br>
<b>TRUSTEE</b></p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 7.1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Duties of Trustee</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(a)&nbsp; &nbsp; If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of such person&#8217;s own affairs.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(b)&nbsp; &nbsp; Except during the continuance of an Event of Default:</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">(i)&nbsp; &nbsp; The Trustee need perform only those duties that are specifically set forth in this Indenture and no others, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">(ii)&nbsp; &nbsp; In the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon Officer&#8217;s Certificates or Opinions of Counsel furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; <u>however</u>, in the case of any such Officer&#8217;s Certificates or Opinions of Counsel which by any provisions hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall examine such Officer&#8217;s Certificates and Opinions of Counsel to determine whether or not they conform to the form requirements of this Indenture (but need not confirm or investigate the accuracy of mathematical calculations or other facts stated therein).</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(c)&nbsp; &nbsp; The Trustee may not be relieved from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act or its own willful misconduct, except that:</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">(i)&nbsp; &nbsp; This paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph (b) of this Section.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">(ii)&nbsp; &nbsp; The Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it is proved in a court of competent jurisdiction that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">(iii)&nbsp; &nbsp; The Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it with respect to Securities of any Series in good faith in accordance with the direction of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such Series in accordance with Section 6.12.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(d)&nbsp; &nbsp; Every provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is subject to paragraph (a), (b) and (c) of this Section.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(e)&nbsp; &nbsp; The Trustee may refuse to perform any duty or exercise any right or power unless it receives indemnity satisfactory to it against the losses, costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in performing such duty or exercising such right or power.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(f)&nbsp; &nbsp; The Trustee shall not be liable for interest or investment on any money received by it except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the Company. Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(g)&nbsp; &nbsp; No provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(h)&nbsp; &nbsp; The Paying Agent, the Registrar and any authenticating agent shall be entitled to the protections and immunities as are set forth in paragraphs (e), (f) and (g) of this Section and in Section 7.2, each with respect to the Trustee.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 7.2</p>
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			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Rights of Trustee</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(a)&nbsp; &nbsp; The Trustee may conclusively rely on and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any document (whether in its original or facsimile form) believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper person. The Trustee need not investigate any fact or matter stated in the document.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(b)&nbsp; &nbsp; Before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require an Officer&#8217;s Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel or both. The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such Officer&#8217;s Certificate or Opinion of Counsel.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(c)&nbsp; &nbsp; The Trustee may act through its attorneys and agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any attorney or agent appointed with due care. No Depositary shall be deemed an agent of the Trustee and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any act or omission by any Depositary.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(d)&nbsp; &nbsp; The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith which it believes to be authorized or within its rights or powers, provided that the Trustee&#8217;s conduct does not constitute willful misconduct or negligence.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(e)&nbsp; &nbsp; The Trustee may consult with counsel and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder without willful misconduct or negligence, and in reliance thereon.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(f)&nbsp; &nbsp; The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders of Securities unless such Holders shall have offered (and, if requested, provided) to the Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to it against the losses, costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(g)&nbsp; &nbsp; The Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(h)&nbsp; &nbsp; The Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice of any Default or Event of Default unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge thereof or unless written notice of any event which is in fact such a default is received by the Trustee at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and such notice references the existence of a Default or Event of Default, the Securities generally or the Securities of a particular Series and this Indenture.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(i)&nbsp; &nbsp; In no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable to any person for special, punitive, indirect, consequential or incidental loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including but not limited to lost profits), even if the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form of action.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(j)&nbsp; &nbsp; The permissive right of the Trustee to take the actions permitted by this Indenture shall not be construed as an obligation or duty to do so.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(k)&nbsp; &nbsp; No bond or surety shall be required with respect to performance of Trustee&#8217;s duties and powers.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(l)&nbsp; &nbsp; Under no circumstances shall the Trustee be liable in its individual capacity for the obligations evidenced by the Securities.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(m)&nbsp; &nbsp; Any request or direction of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Order and any resolution of the Board of Directors may be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(n)&nbsp; &nbsp; The Trustee may request that the Company deliver a certificate setting forth the names of individuals and/or titles of officers authorized at such time to take specified actions pursuant to this Indenture.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(o)&nbsp; &nbsp; The rights, privileges, protections, immunities and benefits given to the Trustee, including, without limitation, its right to be indemnified, are extended to, and shall be enforceable by, the Trustee in each of its capacities hereunder, and each agent, custodian and other Person employed to act hereunder.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Individual Rights of Trustee</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and may otherwise deal with the Company or an Affiliate of the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. Any Agent may do the same with like rights. The Trustee is also subject to Sections 7.10 and 7.11.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 7.4</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Trustee</u><u>&#8217;</u><u>s Disclaimer</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Trustee shall not be responsible for and makes no representation as to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Securities, it shall not be accountable for the Company&#8217;s use of the proceeds from the Securities, or any money paid to the Company or upon the Company&#8217;s direction under any provision of this Indenture, it shall not be responsible for the use or application of any money received by any Paying Agent other than the Trustee, and it shall not be responsible for any statement herein or in the Securities or any other document in connection with the sale of the Securities other than its authentication. The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the Trustee&#8217;s certificates of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee or any Authenticating Agent assumes no responsibility for their correctness.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 7.5<u> </u></p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Notice of Defaults</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">If a Default or Event of Default occurs and is continuing with respect to the Securities of any Series and if it is actually known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, the Trustee shall send to each Securityholder of the Securities of that Series notice of a Default or Event of Default within 90 days after it occurs or, if later, after a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has knowledge of such Default or Event of Default. Except in the case of a Default or Event of Default in payment of principal of or interest on any Security of any Series, the Trustee may withhold the notice if and so long as it in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of Securityholders of that Series.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 7.6</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Reports by Trustee to Holders</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Within 60 days after each&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, commencing&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; , 20&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear on the register kept by the Registrar, a brief report dated as of such anniversary date, in accordance with, and to the extent required under, TIA &#167; 313.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">A copy of each report at the time of its sending to Securityholders of any Series shall be filed with the SEC and each national securities exchange on which the Securities of that Series are listed. The&nbsp;Company shall promptly notify the Trustee in writing when Securities of any Series are listed on any national securities exchange or delisted from any national securities exchange.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 7.7</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Compensation and Indemnity</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Company shall pay to the Trustee from time to time compensation for its services as the Company and the Trustee shall from time to time agree upon in writing. The Trustee&#8217;s compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust. The Company shall reimburse the Trustee upon request for all reasonable out of pocket expenses incurred by it. Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation and expenses of the Trustee&#8217;s agents and counsel.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Company shall indemnify each of the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee (including for the cost of defending itself) against any cost, damages, losses, expense or liability, including taxes (other than taxes based upon, measured by or determined by the income of the Trustee) incurred by it except as set forth in the next paragraph in the performance of its duties under this Indenture or in connection with its acceptance of its obligations hereunder, as Trustee or Agent. The Trustee shall notify the Company promptly of any claim for which it may seek indemnity. Failure by the Trustee to so notify the Company shall not relieve the Company of its obligations hereunder, unless and to the extent that the Company is materially prejudiced thereby. The Company shall defend the claim and the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense. The Trustee may have separate counsel and the Company shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel. The Company need not pay for any settlement made without its consent, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld. This indemnification shall apply to officers, directors, employees, shareholders and agents of the Trustee.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Company need not reimburse any expense or indemnify against any loss or liability incurred by the Trustee or by any officer, director, employee, shareholder or agent of the Trustee through willful misconduct or negligence, as finally adjudicated by a court of competent jurisdiction.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">To secure the Company&#8217;s payment obligations in this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities of any Series on all money or property held or collected by the Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal of and interest on particular Securities of that Series.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of Default specified in Section 6.1(d) or (e) occurs, the expenses and the compensation for the services are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any Bankruptcy Law.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The provisions of this Section shall survive the termination of this Indenture or the resignation or removal of the Trustee.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 7.8</p>
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			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Replacement of Trustee</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">A resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor Trustee shall become effective only upon the successor Trustee&#8217;s acceptance of appointment as provided in this Section.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Trustee may resign with respect to the Securities of one or more Series by so notifying the Company at least 30 days prior to the date of the proposed resignation. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any Series may remove the Trustee with respect to that Series by so&nbsp;notifying the Trustee and the Company in writing at least 30 days prior to such removal. The Company may remove the Trustee with respect to Securities of one or more Series with at least 30 days written notice if:</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(a)&nbsp; &nbsp; the Trustee fails to comply with Section 7.10;</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(b)&nbsp; &nbsp; the Trustee is adjudged a bankrupt or an insolvent or an order for relief is entered with respect to the Trustee under any Bankruptcy Law;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(c)&nbsp; &nbsp; a Custodian or public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property; or</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(d)&nbsp; &nbsp; the Trustee becomes incapable of acting.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">If the Trustee resigns or is removed or if a vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee. Within one year after the successor Trustee takes office, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then-outstanding Securities may appoint a successor Trustee to replace the successor Trustee appointed by the Company.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">If a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any one or more Series does not take office within 60 days after the retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee, the Company or the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the Securities of the applicable Series may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">A successor Trustee shall deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Company. Promptly after that, the retiring Trustee shall transfer all property held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee subject to the lien provided for in Section 7.7, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee shall have all the rights, powers and duties of the Trustee with respect to each Series of Securities for which it is acting as Trustee under this Indenture. A successor Trustee shall send a notice of its succession to each Securityholder of each such Series. Notwithstanding replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this Section 7.8, the Company&#8217;s obligations under Section 7.7 hereof shall continue for the benefit of the retiring Trustee with respect to expenses and liabilities incurred by it for actions taken or omitted to be taken in accordance with its rights, powers and duties under this Indenture prior to such replacement.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Successor Trustee by Merger, Etc</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">If the Trustee consolidates with, merges or converts into, or transfers all or substantially all of its corporate trust business to, another corporation, or national banking association, the successor corporation or national banking association without any further act shall be the successor Trustee, subject to Section 7.10.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 7.10<u> </u></p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Eligibility; Disqualification</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">This Indenture shall always have a Trustee who satisfies the requirements of TIA &#167; 310(a)(1), (2) and (5). The Trustee shall always have a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000 as set forth in its most recent published annual report of condition. The Trustee shall comply with TIA &#167; 310(b).</p>

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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 7.11</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Trustee is subject to TIA &#167; 311(a), excluding any creditor relationship listed in TIA &#167; 311(b). A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to TIA &#167; 311(a) to the extent indicated.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>ARTICLE VIII</b>&#8203;<br>
<b>SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE</b></p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">This Indenture shall upon Company Order be discharged with respect to the Securities of any Series and cease to be of further effect as to all Securities of such Series (except as hereinafter provided in this Section 8.1), and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, when</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(a)&nbsp; &nbsp; either</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">(i)&nbsp; &nbsp; all Securities of such Series theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than Securities that have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that have been replaced or paid) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">(ii)&nbsp; &nbsp; all such Securities of such Series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:144pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:144pt;">(1)&nbsp; &nbsp; have become due and payable by reason of sending a notice of redemption or otherwise, or</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:144pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:144pt;">(2)&nbsp; &nbsp; will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:144pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:144pt;">(3)&nbsp; &nbsp; have been called for redemption or are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company, or</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:144pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:144pt;">(4)&nbsp; &nbsp; are deemed paid and discharged pursuant to Section 8.3, as applicable;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:144pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">and the Company, in the case of (1), (2) or (3) above, shall have irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust an amount of money or U.S. Government Obligations, which amount shall be sufficient (as determined by the Company) for the purpose of paying and discharging each installment of principal (including mandatory sinking fund or analogous payments) of and interest on all the Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of principal or interest are due;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(b)&nbsp; &nbsp; the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company; and</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(c)&nbsp; &nbsp; the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer&#8217;s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge contemplated by this Section have been complied with.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 7.7, and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to clause (a) of this Section, the provisions of Sections 2.4, 2.7, 2.8, 8.2 and&nbsp;8.5 shall survive.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(a)&nbsp; &nbsp; Subject to the provisions of Section 8.5, all money and U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.1, 8.3 or 8.4 and all money received by the Trustee in respect of U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.1, 8.3 or 8.4, shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the persons entitled thereto, of the principal and interest for whose payment such money has been deposited with or received by the Trustee or to make mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments as contemplated by Sections 8.1, 8.3 or 8.4.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(b)&nbsp; &nbsp; The Company shall pay and shall indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Sections 8.1, 8.3 or 8.4 or the interest and principal received in respect of such obligations other than any payable by or on behalf of Holders.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(c)&nbsp; &nbsp; The Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Order any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations or money held by it as provided in Sections 8.3 or 8.4 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants or investment bank expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are then in excess of the amount thereof which then would have been required to be deposited for the purpose for which such U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations or money were deposited or received. This provision shall not authorize the sale by the Trustee of any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations held under this Indenture.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 8.3</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Legal Defeasance of Securities of any Series</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Unless this Section 8.3 is otherwise specified, pursuant to Section 2.2, to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness on all the outstanding Securities of any Series on the 91st day after the date of the deposit referred to in subparagraph (d) hereof, and the provisions of this Indenture, as it relates to such outstanding Securities of such Series, shall no longer be in effect (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall, upon receipt of a Company Order, execute instruments acknowledging the same), except as to:</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(a)&nbsp; &nbsp; the rights of Holders of Securities of such Series to receive, from the trust funds described in subparagraph (d) hereof, (i) payment of the principal of and each installment of&nbsp;principal of and interest on the outstanding Securities of such Series on the Maturity of such principal or installment of principal or interest and (ii) the benefit of any mandatory sinking fund payments applicable to the Securities of such Series on the day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and the Securities of such Series;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

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<div class="hf-cell PGNUM" data-number="32" data-prefix="" data-suffix="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times New Roman;">32</div>
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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(b)&nbsp; &nbsp; the provisions of Sections 2.4, 2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 7.7, 8.2, 8.3, 8.5 and 8.6; and</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(c)&nbsp; &nbsp; the rights, powers, trusts and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and the Company&#8217;s obligations in connection therewith;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">provided that, the following conditions shall have been satisfied:</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(d)&nbsp; &nbsp; the Company shall have irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited (except as provided in Section 8.2(c)) with the Trustee as trust funds specifically pledged as security for and dedicated solely to the benefit of the Holders of such Securities (i) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars and/or U.S. Government Obligations, or (ii) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency), money and/or Foreign Government Obligations, which through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance with their terms, will provide (and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on such Trustee), not later than one day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants or investment bank expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge each installment of principal of and interest, on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of all the Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of principal or interest and such sinking fund payments are due;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(e)&nbsp; &nbsp; such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(f)&nbsp; &nbsp; no Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such Series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or during the period ending on the 91st day after such date;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(g)&nbsp; &nbsp; the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer&#8217;s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (i) the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (ii) since the date of execution of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm that, the Holders of the Securities of such Series will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit, defeasance and discharge and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit, defeasance and discharge had not occurred;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(h)&nbsp; &nbsp; the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer&#8217;s Certificate stating that the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company; and</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(i)&nbsp; &nbsp; the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer&#8217;s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for relating to the defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 8.4</p>
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			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Covenant Defeasance</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Unless this Section 8.4 is otherwise specified pursuant to Section 2.2 to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, the Company may omit to comply with respect to the Securities of any Series with any term, provision or condition set forth under Sections 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 and 5.1 and, unless otherwise specified therein, any additional covenants specified in a supplemental indenture for such Series of Securities or a Board Resolution or an Officer&#8217;s Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2 (and the failure to comply with any such covenants shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default with respect to such Series under Section 6.1) and the occurrence of any event specified in a supplemental indenture for such Series of Securities or a Board Resolution or an Officer&#8217;s Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2.18 and designated as an Event of Default shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default hereunder, with respect to the Securities of such Series, but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities will be unaffected thereby; provided that the following conditions shall have been satisfied:</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(a)&nbsp; &nbsp; with reference to this Section 8.4, the Company has irrevocably deposited or caused to be irrevocably deposited (except as provided in Section 8.2(c)) with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of such Securities (i) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars and/or U.S. Government Obligations, or (ii) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency), money and/or Foreign Government Obligations, which through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance with their terms, will provide (and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on such Trustee), not later than one day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants or investment bank expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge each installment of principal (including mandatory sinking fund or analogous payments) of and interest on all the Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of principal or interest are due;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(b)&nbsp; &nbsp; such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(c)&nbsp; &nbsp; no Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such Series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

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<div class="hf-cell PGNUM" data-number="34" data-prefix="" data-suffix="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times New Roman;">34</div>
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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(d)&nbsp; &nbsp; the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers&#8217; Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (i) the Company has received from, or there has been&nbsp;published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (ii) since the date of execution of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm, subject to customary exclusions, that the Holders of the Securities of such Series will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit, covenant defeasance and discharge and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit, covenant defeasance and discharge had not occurred;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(e)&nbsp; &nbsp; The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer&#8217;s Certificate stating the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company; and</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(f)&nbsp; &nbsp; The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer&#8217;s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the covenant defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:36pt;">&nbsp;</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 8.5</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Repayment to Company</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Subject to applicable abandoned property law, the Trustee and the Paying Agent shall pay to the Company upon request any money held by them for the payment of principal and interest that remains unclaimed for two years. After that, Securityholders entitled to the money must look to the Company for payment as general creditors unless an applicable abandoned property law designates another person, and the Trustee shall have no further liability with respect to such money.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 8.6</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Reinstatement</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">If the Trustee or the Paying Agent is unable to apply any money deposited with respect to Securities of any Series in accordance with Section 8.1 by reason of any legal proceeding or by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, the obligations of the Company under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such Series and under the Securities of such Series shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to Section 8.1 until such time as the Trustee or the Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such money in accordance with Section 8.1; <u>provided</u>, <u>however</u>, that if the Company has made any payment of principal of or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any Securities because of the reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such Securities to receive such payment from the money or U.S. Government Obligations held by the Trustee or Paying Agent after payment in full to the Holders.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>ARTICLE IX</b>&#8203;<br>
<b>AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS</b></p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 9.1</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Without Consent of Holders</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement this Indenture or the Securities of one or more Series without the consent of any Securityholder:</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(a)&nbsp; &nbsp; to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency as evidenced by an Officer Certificate;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

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<div class="hf-cell PGNUM" data-number="35" data-prefix="" data-suffix="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times New Roman;">35</div>
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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(b)&nbsp; &nbsp; to comply with Article V;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(c)&nbsp; &nbsp; to provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(d)&nbsp; &nbsp; to add guarantees with respect to Securities of any Series or secure Securities of any Series;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(e)&nbsp; &nbsp; to surrender any of the Company&#8217;s rights or powers under this Indenture;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(f)&nbsp; &nbsp; to add covenants or events of default for the benefit of the holders of Securities of any Series;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(g)&nbsp; &nbsp; to comply with the applicable procedures of the applicable depositary;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(h)&nbsp; &nbsp; to make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any Securityholder;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(i)&nbsp; &nbsp; to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of Securities of any Series as permitted by this Indenture;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(j)&nbsp; &nbsp; to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more Series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(k)&nbsp; &nbsp; to comply with requirements of the SEC in order to effect or maintain the qualification of this Indenture under the TIA;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 72pt;">(l)&nbsp; &nbsp; to add to, change or eliminate any provision of this Indenture or the Securities of such Series in accordance with the TIA, or to comply with the provisions of DTC, Euroclear or Clearstream or the Trustee with respect to provisions of this Indenture or the Securities of such Series relating to transfers or exchanges of the Securities of such Series or beneficial interests in the Securities of such Series; or</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 72pt;">(m)&nbsp; &nbsp; to conform any provision of this Indenture, in so far as it relates to the Securities of such Series, to the description of the Securities of such Series in the prospectus supplement relation to the offering of the Securities of such Series.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 9.2</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>With Consent of Holders</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Company and the Trustee may enter into a supplemental indenture with the written consent of the Holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Securities of each Series affected by such supplemental indenture (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities of such Series), for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental&nbsp;&#8203;indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Securityholders of each such Series. Except as provided in Section 6.13, the Holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series by notice to the Trustee (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities of such Series) may waive compliance by the Company with any provision of this Indenture or the Securities with respect to such Series.</p>

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<div class="hf-cell PGNUM" data-number="36" data-prefix="" data-suffix="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times New Roman;">36</div>
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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Holders of Securities under this Section 9.2 to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture or waiver, but it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance thereof. After a supplemental indenture or waiver under this section becomes effective, the Company shall send to the Holders of Securities affected thereby, a notice briefly describing the supplemental indenture or waiver. Any failure by the Company to send such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture or waiver.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 9.3</p>
			</td>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Limitations</u>.</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Without the consent of each Securityholder affected, an amendment or waiver may not:</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(a)&nbsp; &nbsp; reduce the principal amount of Securities whose Holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(b)&nbsp; &nbsp; reduce the rate of or extend the time for payment of interest (including default interest) on any Security;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(c)&nbsp; &nbsp; reduce the principal or change the Stated Maturity of any Security or reduce the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any sinking fund or analogous obligation;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(d)&nbsp; &nbsp; reduce the principal amount of Discount Securities payable upon acceleration of the maturity thereof;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(e)&nbsp; &nbsp; waive a Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of or interest, if any, on any Security (except a rescission of acceleration of the Securities of any Series by the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration);</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(f)&nbsp; &nbsp; make the principal of or interest, if any, on any Security payable in any currency other than that stated in the Security;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(g)&nbsp; &nbsp; make any change in Sections 6.8, 6.13 or 9.3 (this sentence); or</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(h)&nbsp; &nbsp; waive a redemption payment with respect to any Security, provided that such redemption is made at the Company&#8217;s option.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 9.4</p>
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			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Compliance with Trust Indenture Act</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Every amendment to this Indenture or the Securities of one or more Series shall be set forth in a supplemental indenture hereto that complies with the TIA as then in effect.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 9.5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Revocation and Effect of Consents</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Until an amendment is set forth in a supplemental indenture or a waiver becomes effective, a consent to it by a Holder of a Security is a continuing consent by the Holder and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder&#8217;s Security, even if notation of the consent is not made on any Security. However, any such Holder or subsequent Holder may revoke the consent as to his Security or portion of a Security if the Trustee receives the notice of revocation before the date of the supplemental indenture or the date the waiver becomes effective.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Any amendment or waiver once effective shall bind every Securityholder of each Series affected by such amendment or waiver unless it is of the type described in any of clauses (a) through (h) of Section 9.3. In that case, the amendment or waiver shall bind each Holder of a Security who has consented to it and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder&#8217;s Security.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Company may, but shall not be obligated to, fix a record date for the purpose of determining the Holders entitled to give their consent or take any other action described above or required or permitted to be taken pursuant to this Indenture. If a record date is fixed, then notwithstanding the second immediately preceding paragraph, those Persons who were Holders at such record date (or their duly designated proxies), and only those persons, shall be entitled to give such consent or to revoke any consent previously given or take any such action, whether or not such Persons continue to be Holders after such record date. No such consent shall be valid or effective for more than 120 days after such record date.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 9.6</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Notation on or Exchange of Securities</u>.</p>
			</td>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Company or the Trustee may place an appropriate notation about an amendment or waiver on any Security of any Series thereafter authenticated. The Company in exchange for Securities of that Series may issue and the Trustee shall authenticate upon receipt of a Company Order in accordance with Section 2.3 new Securities of that Series that reflect the amendment or waiver.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 9.7</p>
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			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Trustee Protected</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 7.1) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Officer&#8217;s Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel or both complying with Section 10.4 and stating that the supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture and constitutes a legal valid and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms. The Trustee shall sign all supplemental indentures upon delivery of such an Officer&#8217;s Certificate or Opinion of Counsel or both, except that the Trustee need not sign any supplemental indenture that adversely affects its rights, duties, liabilities or immunities under this Indenture.</p>

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<div class="hf-cell PGNUM" data-number="38" data-prefix="" data-suffix="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times New Roman;">38</div>
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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>ARTICLE X</b>&#8203;<br>
<b>MISCELLANEOUS</b></p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 10.1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Trust Indenture Act Controls</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">If any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies, or conflicts with another provision which is required or deemed to be included in this Indenture by the TIA, such required or deemed provision shall control.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 10.2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Notices</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Any notice or communication by the Company or the Trustee to the other, or by a Holder to the Company or the Trustee, is duly given if in writing and delivered in person or mailed by first-class mail (registered or certified, return receipt requested), facsimile transmission, email or overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery, to the others&#8217; address:</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">if to the Company:</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 72pt;">AXT, Inc.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 72pt;">4281 Technology Drive</p>

<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 72pt;">Fremont, California 94538</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 72pt;">Attention: Gary Fischer, CFO</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">with a copy to:<br>
&#8203;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 72pt;">Lewis Brisbois Bisgaard &amp; Smith, LLP</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 72pt;">633 West 5<sup style="vertical-align:top;line-height:120%;">th</sup> Street, Suite 4000</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 72pt;">Los Angeles, CA 99971</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 72pt;">Attention:&nbsp;Scott E. Bartel, Esq.</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">if to the Trustee:</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 72pt;">[__________]</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 72pt;">[__________]</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 72pt;">Attention: [__________]</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Company or the Trustee by notice to the other may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications. Any notice or communication delivered to the Trustee shall be deemed effective upon actual receipt thereof.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Any notice or communication to a Securityholder shall be sent electronically or by first-class mail to his address shown on the register kept by the Registrar, in accordance with the procedures of the&nbsp;Depositary. Failure to send a notice or communication to a Securityholder of any Series or any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Securityholders of that or any other Series.</p>

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<div class="hf-cell PGNUM" data-number="39" data-prefix="" data-suffix="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times New Roman;">39</div>
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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">If a notice or communication is sent or published in the manner provided above, within the time prescribed, it is duly given, whether or not the Securityholder receives it.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">If the Company sends a notice or communication to Securityholders, it shall send a copy to the Trustee and each Agent at the same time.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or any Security, where this Indenture or any Security provides for notice of any event (including any notice of redemption) to a Holder of a Global Security (whether by mail or otherwise), such notice shall be sufficiently given to the Depositary for such Security (or its designee) pursuant to the customary procedures of such Depositary.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 10.3</p>
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			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Communication by Holders with Other Holders</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Securityholders of any Series may communicate pursuant to TIA &#167; 312(b) with other Securityholders of that Series or any other Series with respect to their rights under this Indenture or the Securities of that Series or all Series. The Company, the Trustee, the Registrar and anyone else shall have the protection of TIA &#167; 312(c).</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 10.4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent</u>.</p>
			</td>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Upon any request or application by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee:</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(a)&nbsp; &nbsp; an Officer&#8217;s Certificate stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with; and</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(b)&nbsp; &nbsp; an Opinion of Counsel stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent have been complied with.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 10.5<u> </u></p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion</u>.</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Each certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than a certificate provided pursuant to TIA &#167; 314(a)(4)) shall comply with the provisions of TIA &#167; 314(e) and shall include:</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(a)&nbsp; &nbsp; a statement that the person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(b)&nbsp; &nbsp; a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based;</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(c)&nbsp; &nbsp; a statement that, in the opinion of such person, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">(d)&nbsp; &nbsp; a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 10.6</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Rules by Trustee and Agents</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Trustee may make reasonable rules for action by or a meeting of Securityholders of one or more Series. Any Agent may make reasonable rules and set reasonable requirements for its functions.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 10.7<u> </u></p>
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			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Legal Holidays</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">A &#8220;<i>Legal Holiday</i>&#8221; is any day that is not a Business Day. If a payment date is a Legal Holiday at a place of payment, payment may be made at that place on the next succeeding day that is not a Legal Holiday, and no interest shall accrue for the intervening period.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 10.8</p>
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			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>No Recourse Against Others</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">A director, officer, employee or stockholder (past or present), as such, of the Company shall not have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Securities or the Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of or by reason of such obligations or their creation. Each Securityholder by accepting a Security waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for the issue of the Securities.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 10.9</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Counterparts</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts and by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement. The exchange of copies of this Indenture and of signature pages by facsimile or PDF transmission shall constitute effective execution and delivery of this Indenture as to the parties hereto and may be used in lieu of the original Indenture for all purposes. Signatures of the parties hereto transmitted by facsimile or PDF shall be deemed to be their original signatures for all purposes.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 10.10</p>
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			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Governing Law; Waiver of Jury Trial; Consent to Jurisdiction</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;"><b>THIS INDENTURE AND THE SECURITIES, INCLUDING ANY CLAIM OR CONTROVERSY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THE INDENTURE OR THE SECURITIES, SHALL BE GOVERNED BY THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. THE COMPANY, THE TRUSTEE AND THE HOLDERS (BY THEIR ACCEPTANCE OF THE SECURITIES) EACH HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVE, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS INDENTURE, THE SECURITIES OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR THEREBY.</b></p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Any legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of or based upon this Indenture or the transactions contemplated hereby may be instituted in the federal courts of the United States of America located in the City of New York or the courts of the State of New York in each case located in the City of New York (collectively, the &#8220;<i>Specified Courts</i>&#8221;), and each party irrevocably submits to the nonexclusive jurisdiction of such courts in any such suit, action or proceeding. Service of any process, summons, notice or document by mail (to the extent allowed under any applicable statute or rule of court) to such party&#8217;s address set forth&nbsp;above shall be effective service of process for any suit, action or other proceeding brought in any such court. The Company, the Trustee and the Holders (by their acceptance of the Securities) each hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waive any objection to the laying of venue of any suit, action or other proceeding in the Specified Courts and irrevocably and unconditionally waive and agree not to plead or claim any such suit, action or other proceeding has been brought in an inconvenient forum.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">This Indenture may not be used to interpret another indenture, loan or debt agreement of the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company. Any such indenture, loan or debt agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 10.12</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Successors</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">All agreements of the Company in this Indenture and the Securities shall bind its successor. All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture shall bind its successor.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 10.13</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Severability</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 10.14</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Table of Contents, Headings, Etc</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Table of Contents, Cross Reference Table, and headings of the Articles and Sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are not to be considered a part hereof, and shall in no way modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions hereof.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Securities in a Foreign Currency</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Unless otherwise specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer&#8217;s Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2 of this Indenture with respect to a particular Series of Securities, whenever for purposes of this Indenture any action may be taken by the Holders of a specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of Securities of all Series or all Series affected by a particular action at the time outstanding and, at such time, there are outstanding Securities of any Series which are denominated in more than one currency, then the principal amount of Securities of such Series which shall be deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of taking such action shall be determined by converting any such other currency into a currency that is designated upon issuance of any particular Series of Securities. Unless otherwise specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer&#8217;s Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2 of this Indenture with respect to a particular Series of Securities, such conversion shall be at the spot rate for the purchase of the designated currency as published in The Financial Times in the &#8220;Currency Rates&#8221; section (or, if The Financial Times is no longer published, or if such information is no longer available in The Financial Times, such source as may be selected in good faith by the Company) on any date of determination. The provisions of this paragraph shall apply in determining the equivalent principal amount in respect of Securities of a Series denominated in currency other than Dollars in connection with any action taken by Holders of Securities pursuant to the terms of this Indenture.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">All decisions and determinations provided for in the preceding paragraph shall, in the absence of manifest error, to the extent permitted by law, be conclusive for all purposes and irrevocably binding upon the Trustee and all Holders.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 10.16</p>
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			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Judgment Currency</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Company agrees, to the fullest extent that it may effectively do so under applicable law, that (a) if for the purpose of obtaining judgment in any court it is necessary to convert the sum due in respect of the principal of or interest or other amount on the Securities of any Series (the &#8220;<i>Required Currency</i>&#8221;) into a currency in which a judgment will be rendered (the &#8220;<i>Judgment Currency</i>&#8221;), the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in The City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the day on which final unappealable judgment is entered, unless such day is not a New York Banking Day, then the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in The City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the New York Banking Day preceding the day on which final unappealable judgment is entered and (b) its obligations under this Indenture to make payments in the Required Currency (i) shall not be discharged or satisfied by any tender, any recovery pursuant to any judgment (whether or not entered in accordance with subsection (a)), in any currency other than the Required Currency, except to the extent that such tender or recovery shall result in the actual receipt, by the payee, of the full amount of the Required Currency expressed to be payable in respect of such payments, (ii) shall be enforceable as an alternative or additional cause of action for the purpose of recovering in the Required Currency the amount, if any, by which such actual receipt shall fall short of the full amount of the Required Currency so expressed to be payable, and (iii) shall not be affected by judgment being obtained for any other sum due under this Indenture. For purposes of the foregoing, &#8220;<i>New York Banking Day</i>&#8221; means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a Legal Holiday in The City of New York on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 10.17</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Force Majeure</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">In no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations hereunder arising out of or caused by, directly or indirectly, forces beyond its control, including, without limitation, strikes, work stoppages, accidents, acts of war or terrorism, civil or military disturbances, nuclear or natural catastrophes or acts of God, and interruptions, loss or malfunctions of utilities, communications or computer (software and hardware) services, it being understood that the Trustee shall use reasonable best efforts which are consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as soon as practicable under the circumstances.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 10.18</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>U.S.A. Patriot Act</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The parties hereto acknowledge that in accordance with Section 326 of the U.S.A. Patriot Act, the Trustee is required to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person or legal entity that establishes a relationship or opens an account with the Trustee. The parties to this Indenture agree that&nbsp;they will provide the Trustee with such information as it may request in order for the Trustee to satisfy the requirements of the U.S.A. Patriot Act.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>ARTICLE XI</b>&#8203;<br>
<b>SINKING FUNDS</b></p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 11.1</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Applicability of Article</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of the Securities of a Series if so provided by the terms of such Securities pursuant to&nbsp;Section 2.2 and except as otherwise permitted or required by any form of Security of such Series issued pursuant to this Indenture.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of the Securities of any Series is herein referred to as a &#8220;<i>mandatory sinking fund payment</i>&#8221; and any other amount provided for by the terms of Securities of such Series is herein referred to as an &#8220;<i>optional sinking fund payment</i>.&#8221;&nbsp;If provided for by the terms of Securities of any Series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 11.2. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any Series as provided for by the terms of the Securities of such Series.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 11.2</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">The Company may, in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of any Series to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities (1) deliver outstanding Securities of such Series to which such sinking fund payment is applicable (other than any of such Securities previously called for mandatory sinking fund redemption) and (2) apply as credit Securities of such Series to which such sinking fund payment is applicable and which have been repurchased by the Company or redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Series of Securities (except pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund) or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments or other optional redemptions pursuant to the terms of such Securities, provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received by the Trustee, together with an Officer&#8217;s Certificate with respect thereto, not later than 15 days prior to the date on which the Trustee begins the process of selecting Securities for redemption, and shall be credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly. If as a result of the delivery or credit of Securities in lieu of cash payments pursuant to this Section 11.2, the principal amount of Securities of such Series to be redeemed in order to exhaust the aforesaid cash payment shall be less than $100,000, the Trustee need not call Securities of such Series for redemption, except upon receipt of a Company Order that such action be taken, and such cash payment shall be held by the Trustee or a Paying Agent and applied to the next succeeding sinking fund payment, <u>provided</u>, <u>however</u>, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent shall from time to time upon receipt of a Company Order pay over and deliver to the Company any cash payment so being held by the Trustee or such Paying Agent upon delivery by the Company to the Trustee of Securities of that Series purchased by the Company having an unpaid principal amount equal to the cash payment required to be released to the Company.</p>

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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Section 11.3</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><u>Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund</u>.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">Not less than 45 days (unless otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer&#8217;s Certificate in respect of a particular Series of Securities) prior to each sinking fund payment date for any Series of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officer&#8217;s Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment for that Series pursuant to the terms of that Series, the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting of Securities of that Series pursuant to Section 11.2, and the optional amount, if any, to be added in cash to the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, and the Company shall thereupon be obligated to pay the amount therein specified. Not less than 30 days (unless otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, Officer&#8217;s Certificate or supplemental indenture in respect of a particular Series of Securities) before each such sinking fund payment date the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date will be selected in the manner specified in Section 3.2 and the Company shall send or cause to be sent a notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in and in accordance with Section 3.3. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Sections 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6.</p>

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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;&#8203;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:49pt;">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0px 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;">AXT, INC.</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0px 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>
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			<p style="margin: 0px 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt">By: </font></p>
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			<p style="margin: 0px 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>
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			<p style="margin: 0px 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;">Name:</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0px 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;">Its:</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0px 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;">[__________],<br>
			as Trustee</p>
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			<td valign="top" width="12%">&nbsp;</td>
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			<p style="margin: 0px 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt">By: </font></p>
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			<p style="margin: 0px 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>
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			<p style="margin: 0px 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>
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			<p style="margin: 0px 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>
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			<p style="margin: 0px 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;">Name:</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0px 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>
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			<p style="margin: 0px 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>
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			<p style="margin: 0px 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;">Its:</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0px 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>
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<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>ex_883276.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 5.1
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<p style="margin: 0px 0pt; text-align: right; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Exhibit 5.1</b></font></p>

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			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: right;">633 West 5<sup style="vertical-align:top;line-height:120%;">th</sup> Street, Suite 4000</p>

			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: right;">Los Angeles, California 90071</p>

			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: right;">Phone: 213.250.1800</p>
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<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: right;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: right;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">November 7, 2025</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">AXT, Inc.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">4281 Technology Drive</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Fremont, California 94538</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Re:</p>
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			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">AXT, Inc.</p>

			<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Registration Statement on Form S-3</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;text-indent:36pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Ladies and Gentlemen:</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify;">We act as counsel to AXT, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &#8220;Company&#8221;), in connection with the filing of a Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the &#8220;Registration Statement&#8221;) to be filed on the date hereof with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;Commission&#8221;) pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;), relating to the offer and sale from time to time by the Company of up to a maximum of $100,000,000 of a presently indeterminate amount of the following securities (each a &#8220;Security&#8221; and collectively, or in any combination, the &#8220;Securities&#8221;): (a) shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (&#8220;Common Stock&#8221;); (b) one or more classes or series of shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share (&#8220;Preferred Stock&#8221;); (c) warrants to purchase Common Stock, Preferred Stock, or Units (as defined below) (&#8220;Warrants&#8221;); (d) debt securities of the Company (the &#8220;Debt Securities&#8221;); (e) depositary shares of the Company representing a fractional interest in a share of Preferred Stock (the &#8220;Depositary Shares&#8221;); (f) rights of the Company to purchase Common Stock, Preferred Stock, or Units (&#8220;Rights&#8221;); (g) purchase contracts of the Company with respect to the securities of the Company (the &#8220;Purchase Contracts&#8221;) and (h) units consisting of two or more securities described above in any combination (&#8220;Units&#8221;).</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify;">The Securities may be issued and sold by the Company pursuant to applicable provisions of Rule 415 under the Securities Act, in amounts, at prices and on terms to be determined in light of market conditions at the time of sale, and as set forth in the Registration Statement, any amendment thereto, the prospectus contained therein (the &#8220;Prospectus&#8221;) and any supplements to the Prospectus (each, a &#8220;Prospectus Supplement&#8221;).</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify;">You have requested our opinion as to the matters set forth below in connection with the Registration Statement. For purposes of rendering the opinion set forth below, we have examined such documents and reviewed such questions of law as we have considered necessary and appropriate for the purposes of our opinion, including (i) the Registration Statement, including the exhibits filed therewith, (ii) the Prospectus, (iii) the Company&#8217;s restated certificate of incorporation as amended and currently in effect (the &#8220;Certificate of Incorporation&#8221;), (iv) the Company&#8217;s second amended and restated bylaws as amended and currently in effect (the &#8220;Bylaws&#8221;), (v) the corporate minutes and other actions of the Company, and (vi) the originals or copies certified to our satisfaction of such other documents, records, certificates, memoranda and other instruments as in our judgment are necessary or appropriate to enable us to render the opinion expressed below.</p>

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MARYLAND&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8226;&nbsp;MASSACHUSETTS&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8226;&nbsp;&nbsp;MINNESOTA&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8226;&nbsp;&nbsp;MISSISSIPPI&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8226;&nbsp;&nbsp;MISSOURI&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8226;&nbsp;&nbsp;NEVADA&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8226;&nbsp;&nbsp;NEW JERSEY&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8226;&nbsp;&nbsp;NEW MEXICO&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8226;&nbsp;&nbsp;NEW YORK&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8226;&nbsp;&nbsp;NORTH CAROLINA<br>
OHIO&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8226;&nbsp;&nbsp;OREGON&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8226;&nbsp;&nbsp;PENNSYLVANIA&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8226;&nbsp;&nbsp;RHODE ISLAND&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8226;&nbsp;&nbsp;TENNESSEE&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8226;&nbsp;&nbsp;TEXAS&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8226;&nbsp;&nbsp;UTAH&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8226;&nbsp;&nbsp;VIRGINIA&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8226;&nbsp;&nbsp;WASHINGTON&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8226;&nbsp;&nbsp;WASHINGTON D.C.&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8226;&nbsp;&nbsp;WEST VIRGINIA</p>

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<div class="hf-cell" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; margin: 0pt; width: calc(100% - 1px); display: inline-block;">AXT, Inc.</div>
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<div class="hf-cell" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; margin: 0pt; width: calc(100% - 1px); display: inline-block;">November 7, 2025</div>
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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">Page 2</p>

<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:36pt;">In addition, in rendering this opinion, we have assumed: (A) the genuineness and authenticity of all signatures on original documents; (B) the genuineness and authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals; (C) the conformity to originals of all documents submitted to us as copies; (D) the accuracy, completeness and authenticity of certificates of public officials; and (E) the due authorization, execution and delivery of all documents where due authorization, execution and delivery are prerequisites to the effectiveness of such documents (other than with respect to the Company). We have not sought independently to verify such matters.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:36pt;">We express no opinions other than as specifically set forth herein. We are opining solely on all applicable statutory provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the &#8220;DGCL&#8221;)&nbsp;and express no opinion as to whether the laws of any other jurisdiction are applicable to the subject matter hereof. We are not rendering any opinion as to compliance with any federal or state law, rule or regulation relating to securities, or to the sale or issuance thereof. This opinion letter deals only with the specified legal issues expressly addressed herein, and you should not infer any opinion that is not explicitly stated herein from any matter addressed in this opinion letter.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:36pt;">Based on the foregoing and in reliance thereon, and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and exceptions set forth below, we are of the opinion that:</p>

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<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;With respect to shares of Common Stock, when (a) the board of directors of the Company has taken all necessary corporate action to approve the issuance and terms of the offering thereof and related matters, including without limitation the due reservation of any Common Stock for issuance, and (b) the certificates, if any, representing the shares of Common Stock have been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered, in each case in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, either (i) in accordance with the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement approved by the board of directors of the Company upon payment of the consideration therefor (which consideration shall not be less than the par value of the Common Stock) provided for in such definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, as applicable, or (ii) upon conversion, exchange or exercise of any other Security in accordance with the terms of such Security or the instrument governing such Security providing for the conversion, exchange or exercise as approved by the board of directors of the Company, for the consideration therefor set forth in the applicable agreement and approved by the board of directors of the Company, which consideration shall not be less than the par value of the Common Stock, such shares of Common Stock will be validly issued, fully paid, and non-assessable.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

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<div class="hf-cell" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; margin: 0pt; width: calc(100% - 1px); display: inline-block;">AXT, Inc.</div>
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<div class="hf-cell" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; margin: 0pt; width: calc(100% - 1px); display: inline-block;">November 7, 2025</div>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:36pt;">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;With respect to shares of any class or series of Preferred Stock, when (a) the board of directors of the Company has taken all necessary corporate action to approve the issuance and terms of the shares of such class or series, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters, including the adoption of a certificate of designation or amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation fixing and determining the terms of such Preferred Stock conforming to the DGCL, the filing of a certificate or amendment, as applicable, with the Secretary of State of Delaware, the payment in full of any filing fees attendant thereto, and the due reservation of any Common Stock and Preferred Stock for issuance, and (b) certificates representing the shares of such class or series of Preferred Stock have been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered, in each case in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, either (i) in accordance with the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement approved by the board of directors of the Company upon payment of the consideration therefor (which consideration shall not be less than the par value of the Preferred Stock) provided for in such definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, as applicable, or (ii) upon conversion, exchange or exercise of any other Security in accordance with the terms of such Security or the instrument governing such Security providing for the conversion, exchange or exercise as approved by the board of directors of the Company, for the consideration therefor set forth in the applicable agreement and approved by the board of directors of the Company, which consideration shall not be less than the par value of the Preferred Stock, the shares of such class or series of Preferred Stock will be validly issued, fully paid, and non-assessable.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:36pt;">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;With respect to Debt Securities to be issued under a debt securities indenture (the &#8220;Indenture&#8221;), a form of which has been filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and is to be entered into between the Company and a trustee to be named in a Prospectus Supplement to the Registration Statement (the &#8220;Trustee&#8221;), when (a)&nbsp;the Trustee is qualified to act as Trustee under the Indenture and the Company has filed a Form&nbsp;T-1 for the Trustee with the Commission; (b)&nbsp;the Trustee has duly executed and delivered the Indenture; (c)&nbsp;the Indenture has been duly authorized and validly executed and delivered by the Company to the Trustee; (d)&nbsp;the Indenture has been duly qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of&nbsp;1939, as amended; (e)&nbsp;the board of directors of the Company has taken all necessary corporate action to approve the issuance and terms of such Debt Securities, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters; and (f)&nbsp;such Debt Securities have been duly executed, authenticated, issued and delivered in accordance with the provisions of the Indenture and the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement approved by the board of the directors of the Company, such Debt Securities will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, and entitled to the benefits of the Indenture.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:36pt;">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;With respect to Depositary Shares, when (a)&nbsp;the board of directors of the Company has taken all necessary corporate action to approve the issuance and terms of the Depositary Shares, the terms of the offering thereof, and related matters, including the adoption of a Certificate relating to the Preferred Stock underlying such Depositary Shares and the filing of the Certificate with the Secretary of State of the State of&nbsp;Delaware; (b)&nbsp;the Deposit Agreement (the &#8220;Deposit Agreement&#8221;) or agreements relating to the Depositary Shares and the related Depositary Receipts (the &#8220;Depositary Receipts&#8221;) have been duly authorized and validly executed and delivered by the Company and the depositary appointed by the Company; (c)&nbsp;the shares of Preferred Stock underlying such Depositary Shares have been deposited with a bank or trust company (which meets the requirements for the depositary set forth in the Registration Statement) under the applicable Deposit Agreement; and (d)&nbsp;the Depositary Receipts representing the Depositary Shares have been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered in accordance with the appropriate Deposit Agreement and the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement approved by the board of directors of the Company upon payment of the consideration therefor provided for therein, the Depositary Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.</p>

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<div class="hf-cell" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; margin: 0pt; width: calc(100% - 1px); display: inline-block;">November 7, 2025</div>
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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:36pt;">5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;With respect to the issuance of any Warrants, when (a) the board of directors of the Company has taken all necessary corporate action to approve the warrant agreement to be entered into in connection with the issuance of any warrants and such warrant agreement has been validly executed and delivered by the warrant agent, if any, and the Company, (b) the board of directors of the Company has taken all necessary corporate action to approve the specific issuance and terms of any warrants duly established in accordance with the applicable warrant agreement and (c) such warrants have been duly executed, countersigned, registered, issued and delivered in accordance with the warrant agreement and the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, as applicable, for the consideration therefor set forth in the applicable agreement and approved by the board of directors of the Company (assuming the Securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants have been duly authorized and reserved for issuance by all necessary corporate action and in accordance with applicable law), such warrants will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency and similar laws affecting creditors&#8217; rights generally, concepts of reasonableness and equitable principles of general applicability.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:36pt;">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;With respect to the issuance of Rights, when (a) the board of directors of the Company has taken all necessary corporate action to approve the rights agreement to be entered into in connection with the issuance of any rights and such rights agreement has been validly executed and delivered by the purchaser, and the Company, (b) the board of directors of the Company has taken all necessary corporate action to approve the specific issuance and terms of any rights duly established in accordance with the applicable rights and (c) such rights agreement have been duly executed, countersigned, registered, issued and delivered in accordance with the rights agreement and the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, as applicable, for the consideration therefor set forth in the applicable agreement and approved by the board of directors of the Company (assuming the Securities issuable upon exercise of the Rights have been duly authorized and reserved for issuance by all necessary corporate action and in accordance with applicable law), such Rights will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency and similar laws affecting creditors&#8217; rights generally, concepts of reasonableness and equitable principles of general applicability.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:36pt;">7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;With respect to the Purchase Contracts, when (a)&nbsp;the board of directors of the Company has taken all necessary corporate action to approve the issuance and terms of the Purchase Contracts and related matters and (b)&nbsp;the agreement under which the Purchase Contracts are to be issued has been duly authorized and validly executed and delivered by the Company, then the Purchase Contracts will be valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:36pt;">8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;With respect to the issuance of any Units, when (a) the board of directors of the Company has taken all necessary corporate action to approve the unit agreement, if any, to be entered into in connection with the issuance of any units and such unit agreement, if any, has been validly executed and delivered by the unit agent, if any, and the Company, (b) the board of directors of the Company has taken all necessary corporate action to approve the specific issuance and terms of any units duly established in accordance with the applicable unit agreement, if any, and (c) such units have been duly executed, countersigned, registered, issued and delivered in accordance with the unit agreement, if any, and the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, as applicable, for the consideration therefor set forth in the applicable agreement and approved by the board of directors of the Company, such units will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency and similar laws affecting creditors&#8217; rights generally, concepts of reasonableness and equitable principles of general applicability.</p>

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<div class="hf-cell" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; margin: 0pt; width: calc(100% - 1px); display: inline-block;">AXT, Inc.</div>
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<div class="hf-cell" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; margin: 0pt; width: calc(100% - 1px); display: inline-block;">November 7, 2025</div>
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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">Page 5</p>

<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:36pt;">The opinions set forth above are subject to the following additional assumptions:</p>

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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify;">(i)</p>
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			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify;">the Registration Statement, any amendments thereto (including post-effective amendments), will have been declared effective under the Securities Act and such effectiveness shall not have been terminated, suspended or rescinded, and the Prospectus any and all Prospectus Supplement(s) required by applicable laws have been delivered and filed as required by such laws;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify;">(ii)</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify;">all Securities will be issued and sold in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws, rules and regulations and solely in the manner provided in the Registration Statement and the appropriate Prospectus Supplement and there will not have occurred any change in law or fact affecting the validity of any of the opinions rendered herein;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify;">(iii)</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify;">a definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement and any other necessary agreements with respect to any Securities offered or issued will have been duly authorized and duly executed and delivered by the Company and the other parties thereto;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify;">(iv)</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify;">the final terms of any of the Securities (including any Securities comprising the same or subject thereto), and when issued, the issuance, sale and delivery thereof by the Company, and the incurrence and performance of the Company&#8217;s obligations thereunder or respect thereof in accordance with the terms thereof, and any consideration received by the Company for any such issuance, sale and delivery, will comply with, and will not violate, the Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws or any applicable law, rule or regulation, or result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company and will comply with any requirement or restriction imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company or to which the issuance, sale and delivery of such Securities or the incurrence and performance of such obligations may be subject or violate any applicable public policy, or be subject to any defense in law or equity;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify;">(v)</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify;">the Debt Securities are to be issued pursuant to the Indenture and is to be entered into between the Company and a trustee to be named in a Prospectus Supplement to the Registration Statement (the &#8220;Trustee&#8221;) and in the form set forth in the Indenture, which may be supplemented in connection with the issuance of each such series of Debt Securities, by a supplemental indenture or other appropriate action of the Company creating such series of Debt Securities;</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify;">(vi)</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify;">the Company shall have taken any action required to be taken by the Company, based on the type of Security being offered, to authorize the offer and issuance thereof, and such authorization shall remain in effect and unchanged at all times during which the Securities are offered and issued and shall not have been modified or rescinded (subject to the further assumption that the sale of any Security takes place in accordance with such authorization), the board of directors of the Company shall have duly established the terms of such Security and duly authorized and taken any other necessary corporate action to approve the issuance and sale of such Security in conformity with the Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws (subject to the further assumption that neither the Certificate of Incorporation nor Bylaws have been amended from the date hereof in a manner that would affect the validity of any of the opinions rendered herein), and such authorization shall remain in effect and unchanged at all times during which the Securities are offered and issued and shall not have been modified or rescinded (subject to the further assumption that the sale of any Security takes place in accordance with such authorization);</p>
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<div class="hf-cell" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; margin: 0pt; width: calc(100% - 1px); display: inline-block;">AXT, Inc.</div>
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<div class="hf-cell" style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; margin: 0pt; width: calc(100% - 1px); display: inline-block;">November 7, 2025</div>
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<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">Page 6</p>

<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</p>

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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify;">(vii)</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify;">there will exist, under the Certificate of Incorporation, the requisite number of authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock (and securities of any class into which any of the Preferred Stock may be convertible), as the case may be; and</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify;">(viii)</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify;">to the extent they purport to relate to liabilities resulting from or based upon gross negligence, recklessness or other conduct committed or omitted willfully or in bad faith or any violation of federal or state securities or blue sky laws, we express no opinions concerning the enforceability of indemnification provisions.</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:36pt;">The opinions above are subject to the effects of (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, receivership, moratorium and other similar laws relating to or affecting enforcement of creditors&#8217; rights or remedies generally, (ii) general principles of equity, whether such principles are considered in a proceeding of law or at equity, and (iii) an implied covenant of good faith, reasonableness and fair dealing and standards of materiality.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:36pt;">We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement to be filed by the Company on or about the date hereof and to its incorporation by reference into the Registration Statement and further consent to the reference to our name under the caption &#8220;Legal Matters&#8221; in the Prospectus, which is a part of the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act.</p>

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			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Very truly yours,</p>

			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">/s/Lewis Brisbois Bisgaard &amp; Smith LLP</p>

			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

			<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">LEWIS BRISBOIS BISGAARD &amp; SMITH&nbsp;llp</p>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.1
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>ex_883277.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 23.1
<TEXT>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0pt; text-align: right; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;"><font style="font-size:11pt;"><font style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;"><b>Exhibit 23.1</b></font></font></p>

<p style="margin: 0px 0pt; text-align: left; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 11pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><b>Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</b></p>

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<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt;">We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form&nbsp;S-3 of our report dated March 14, 2025, relating to the consolidated financial statements, which appears in AXT, Inc.&#8217;s Annual Report on Form&nbsp;10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. &nbsp;We also consent to the reference to us under the heading &#8220;Experts&#8221; in such Registration Statement.</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">/s/ BPM LLP</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -9pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -1pt;">San Jose, California</p>

<p style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt -9pt; text-indent: 9pt;">November 7, 2025</p>

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          <th style="width: 12%;">
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </th>
          <th style="width: 2%;">
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </th>
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        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
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	</td>
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	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
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          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
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          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
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	</td>
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	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
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	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
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	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
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          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
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          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <span style="text-indent: 0px; display:inline-block; padding-left: 20px;">
              <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-643">Other</ix:nonNumeric>
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	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
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        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
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              <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_6" id="ixv-646">Other</ix:nonNumeric>
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          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <span style="text-indent: 0px; display:inline-block; padding-left: 20px;">
              <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_7" id="ixv-649">Other</ix:nonNumeric>
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          </td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTitl" contextRef="offrl_7" id="ixv-650">Purchase Contracts</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457oFlg" contextRef="offrl_7" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-651">457(o)</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <span style="text-indent: 0px; display:inline-block; padding-left: 20px;">
              <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_8" id="ixv-652">Other</ix:nonNumeric>
            </span>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTitl" contextRef="offrl_8" id="ixv-653">Units</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457oFlg" contextRef="offrl_8" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-654">457(o)</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:PrevslyPdFlg" contextRef="offrl_9" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="ixv-655">Fees to be Paid</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
		1
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_9" id="ixv-656">Unallocated (Universal) Shelf</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457oFlg" contextRef="offrl_9" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-657">457(o)</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <span>$</span>
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric" unitRef="USD" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_9" id="ixv-658">100,000,000.00</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeRate" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_9" id="ixv-659">0.0001381</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <span>$</span>
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeAmt" unitRef="USD" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_9" id="ixv-660">13,810.00</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Fees Previously Paid
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="14" style="text-align: center">
            <b>Carry Forward Securities</b>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Carry Forward Securities
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">Total Offering Amounts:</p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 16%;">
            <p id="MaxAggtOfferingPrice" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlOfferingAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-661">100,000,000.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 1px black; width: 16%;">
            <p id="TotalFeeAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlFeeAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-662">13,810.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
					Total Fees Previously Paid:
				</p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top">
            <p id="TotalPreviouslyPaidAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlPrevslyPdAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-663">0.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
					Total Fee Offsets:
				</p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top">
            <p id="TotalOffsetAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlOffsetAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-664">6,546.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
					Net Fee Due:
				</p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top">
            <p id="NetFeeAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:NetFeeAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-665">7,264.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
        </tr>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">
        <tbody>
          <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top;">
            <td>
              <p style="margin:0pt;text-align:left; margin-bottom: 5px;">
                <b>Offering Note</b>
              </p>
            </td>
            <td/>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="padding-bottom: 20px;">
      <table style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">
        <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top;">
          <td style="width:10pt;">
            <p style="margin:0pt;text-align:left;">
              <sup style="vertical-align:top;line-height:120%;font-size:10px">1</sup>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td colspan="7" style="white-space: pre-line;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingNote" escape="1" contextRef="offrl_9" id="ixv-666">The securities registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of (a) shares of common stock, (b) shares of preferred stock, (c) debt securities, (d) depositary shares, (e) warrants to purchase common stock of the registrant, (f) subscription rights to purchase common stock of the registrant, (g) purchase contracts, and (h) units consisting of some or all of these securities, as may be sold from time to time by the registrant, which together shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $100 million. The securities registered hereunder also include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock and preferred stock, principal amount of debt securities, rights, and warrants as may be issued upon conversion of or exchange for preferred stock, debt securities that provide for conversion or exchange; upon exercise of warrants; pursuant to the terms of any units; or pursuant to the anti-dilution provisions of any such securities.

The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities, or that are issued in units.

Pursuant to Rule 416(a) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), this Registration Statement also covers any additional securities that may be offered or issued in connection with any stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction.

In accordance with Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the registrant is offsetting $6,546.00 of the fee associated with this registration statement from the fee previously paid by the registrant associated with the unsold securities registered under the registrant's prior unallocated (universal) shelf registration statement on Form S-3 originally filed on July 27, 2021, as amended on September 24, 2021, December 3, 2021, December 30, 2021, February 4, 2022, April 14, 2022 and May 5, 2022 (File No. 333-258196) (the "Prior Registration Statement"), which has expired because more than three years have elapsed since the initial effective date of the Prior Registration Statement and all offerings thereunder have been completed or terminated. No securities were sold by registrant under the Prior Registration Statement.</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="7">
            <hr style="width:100%;text-align:left;margin-left:0"/>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="padding-bottom: 20px;">
      <table style="float: center; width: 100%; text-align: left;  ">
        <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px">
          <th style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left; word-wrap: break-word">
            <b>Table 2: Fee Offset Claims and Sources</b>
          </th>
          <th style="vertical-align: bottom; word-wrap: break-word; text-align: right;">
            <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hiddenrcOffsetTableNa">&#9744;Not Applicable</span>
          </th>
        </tr>
      </table>
      <table style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; float: center; width: 100%; text-align: center;  border: 1px solid black;">
        <tr style="background-color:#9ADAF6">
          <th style="width: 10%; text-align: left;">
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </th>
          <th style="width: 8%; text-align: left;">
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </th>
          <th style="width: 16%;">
				Registrant or Filer Name
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Form or Filing Type
			</th>
          <th style="width: 7%;">
				File Number
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Initial Filing Date
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Filing Date
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Security Type Associated with Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 8%;">
				Security Title Associated with Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Unsold Securities Associated with Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 9%;">
				Unsold Aggregate Offering Amount Associated with Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Fee Paid with Fee Offset Source
			</th>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="14" style="text-align: center">
            <b>Rules 457(b) and 0-11(a)(2)</b>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Fee Offset Claims
	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Fee Offset Sources
	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="14" style="text-align: center">
            <b>Rule 457(p)</b>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457pOffsetFlg" contextRef="ofst_1" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-667">Fee Offset Claims</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td>
		1
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OffsetPrrFilerNm" contextRef="ofst_1" id="ixv-668">AXT, Inc.</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td>
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OffsetPrrFormTp" contextRef="ofst_1" id="ixv-669">S-3</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td>
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OffsetPrrFileNb" contextRef="ofst_1" id="ixv-670">333-258196</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td>
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OffsetClmInitlFilgDt" format="ixt:datemonthdayyear" contextRef="ofst_1" id="ixv-671">07/27/2021</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <span>$</span>
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:OffsetClmdAmt" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" contextRef="ofst_1" id="ixv-672">6,546.00</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OffsetPrrSctyTp" contextRef="ofst_1" id="ixv-673">Unallocated (Universal) Shelf</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OffsetPrrSctyTitl" contextRef="ofst_1" id="ixv-674">Unallocated (Universal) Shelf</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <span>$</span>
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:OffsetPrrUnsoldOfferingAmt" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" contextRef="ofst_1" id="ixv-675">60,000,000.00</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457pOffsetFlg" contextRef="ofst_2" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-676">Fee Offset Sources</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td>
		2
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OffsetPrrFilerNm" contextRef="ofst_2" id="ixv-677">AXT, Inc.</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td>
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OffsetPrrFormTp" contextRef="ofst_2" id="ixv-678">S-3</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td>
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OffsetPrrFileNb" contextRef="ofst_2" id="ixv-679">333-258196</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OffsetSrcFilgDt" format="ixt:datemonthdayyear" contextRef="ofst_2" id="ixv-680">07/27/2021</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <span>$</span>
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:OffsetPrrFeeAmt" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" contextRef="ofst_2" id="ixv-681">6,546.00</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">
        <tbody>
          <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top;">
            <td>
              <p style="margin:0pt;text-align:left; margin-bottom: 5px;">
                <b>Rule 457(p) Statement of Withdrawal, Termination, or Completion:</b>
              </p>
            </td>
            <td/>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="padding-bottom: 20px;">
      <table style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">
        <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top;">
          <td style="width:10pt;">
            <p style="margin:0pt;text-align:left;">
              <sup style="vertical-align:top;line-height:120%;font-size:10px">1</sup>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td colspan="7" style="white-space: pre-line;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:TermntnCmpltnWdrwl" escape="1" contextRef="ofst_1" id="ixv-682">In accordance with Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the registrant is offsetting $6,546.00 of the fee associated with this registration statement from the fee previously paid by the registrant associated with the unsold securities registered under the registrant's prior unallocated (universal) shelf registration statement on Form S-3 originally filed on July 27, 2021, as amended on September 24, 2021, December 3, 2021, December 30, 2021, February 4, 2022, April 14, 2022 and May 5, 2022 (File No. 333-258196) (the "Prior Registration Statement"), which has expired because more than three years have elapsed since the initial effective date of the Prior Registration Statement and all offerings thereunder have been completed or terminated. No securities were sold by registrant under the Prior Registration Statement.</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="7">
            <hr style="width:100%;text-align:left;margin-left:0"/>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">
        <tbody>
          <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top;">
            <td>
              <p style="margin:0pt;text-align:left; margin-bottom: 5px;">
                <b>Offset Note</b>
              </p>
            </td>
            <td/>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="padding-bottom: 20px;">
      <table style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">
        <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top;">
          <td style="width:10pt;">
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            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OffsetNote" escape="1" contextRef="ofst_2" id="ixv-683">In accordance with Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the registrant is offsetting $6,546.00 of the fee associated with this registration statement from the fee previously paid by the registrant associated with the unsold securities registered under the registrant's prior unallocated (universal) shelf registration statement on Form S-3 originally filed on July 27, 2021, as amended on September 24, 2021, December 3, 2021, December 30, 2021, February 4, 2022, April 14, 2022 and May 5, 2022 (File No. 333-258196) (the "Prior Registration Statement"), which has expired because more than three years have elapsed since the initial effective date of the Prior Registration Statement and all offerings thereunder have been completed or terminated. No securities were sold by registrant under the Prior Registration Statement.</ix:nonNumeric>
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		N/A
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<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>axti-20250630_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="no"?>
<!--Generated by ThunderDome XBRL - 06:22PM UTC 2025-11-07--><link:linkbase xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedLabel" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedPeriodEndLabel" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedPeriodEndLabel" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedPeriodStartLabel" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedPeriodStartLabel" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTotalLabel" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTotalLabel" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTerseLabel" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedNetLabel" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedNetLabel" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/net-2009-12-16.xsd#netLabel" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:labelLink xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link" xlink:type="extended">
    <link:loc xlink:href="axti-20250630.xsd#axti_DocumentAndEntityInformation" xlink:label="axti_DocumentAndEntityInformation" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="axti_DocumentAndEntityInformation-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Document And Entity Information</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="axti_DocumentAndEntityInformation" xlink:to="axti_DocumentAndEntityInformation-label" xlink:type="arc"/>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode-label" xlink:type="arc"/>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Flag</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">dei_EntityRegistrantName</link:label>
    <link:label xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName-label" xlink:type="arc"/>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Accounting Policies [Abstract]</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:href="axti-20250630.xsd#axti_NotesToFinancialStatements" xlink:label="axti_NotesToFinancialStatements" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="axti_NotesToFinancialStatements-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Notes To Financial Statements</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="axti_NotesToFinancialStatements" xlink:to="axti_NotesToFinancialStatements-label" xlink:type="arc"/>
    <link:loc xlink:href="axti-20250630.xsd#axti_NotesToFinancialStatementsAbstract" xlink:label="axti_NotesToFinancialStatementsAbstract" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="axti_NotesToFinancialStatementsAbstract-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Notes To Financial Statements [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="axti_NotesToFinancialStatementsAbstract" xlink:to="axti_NotesToFinancialStatementsAbstract-label" xlink:type="arc"/>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode-label" xlink:type="arc"/>
    <link:loc xlink:href="axti-20250630.xsd#axti_NoteToFinancialStatementDetailsTextual" xlink:label="axti_NoteToFinancialStatementDetailsTextual" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="axti_NoteToFinancialStatementDetailsTextual-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Note To Financial Statement Details Textual</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="axti_NoteToFinancialStatementDetailsTextual" xlink:to="axti_NoteToFinancialStatementDetailsTextual-label" xlink:type="arc"/>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityDomain" xlink:label="dei_EntityDomain" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="dei_EntityDomain-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityDomain" xlink:to="dei_EntityDomain-label" xlink:type="arc"/>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_LegalEntityAxis" xlink:label="dei_LegalEntityAxis" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="dei_LegalEntityAxis-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Legal Entity [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LegalEntityAxis" xlink:to="dei_LegalEntityAxis-label" xlink:type="arc"/>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementTable-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Statement [Table]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementTable-label" xlink:type="arc"/>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1-label" xlink:type="arc"/>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Interactive Data Current</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent-label" xlink:type="arc"/>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown-label" xlink:type="arc"/>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Components [Axis]</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Component [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain-label" xlink:type="arc"/>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode-label" xlink:type="arc"/>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince-label" xlink:type="arc"/>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate-label" xlink:type="arc"/>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Statement [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementLineItems-label" xlink:type="arc"/>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate-label" xlink:type="arc"/>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany-label" xlink:type="arc"/>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="dei_DocumentType-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">dei_DocumentType</link:label>
    <link:label xlink:label="dei_DocumentType-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Small Business</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:to="dei_EntitySmallBusiness-label" xlink:type="arc"/>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:type="locator"/>
    <link:label xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Shell Company</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PolicyTextBlockAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_PolicyTextBlockAbstract" xlink:type="locator"/>
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    <link:label xlink:label="us-gaap_PolicyTextBlockAbstract-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Accounting Policies</link:label>
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    <link:label xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Document Information [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems-label" xlink:type="arc"/>
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    <link:label xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationTable-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Document Information [Table]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationTable" xlink:to="dei_DocumentInformationTable-label" xlink:type="arc"/>
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    <link:label xlink:label="us-gaap_DisclosureTextBlockAbstract-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">us-gaap_DisclosureTextBlockAbstract</link:label>
    <link:label xlink:label="us-gaap_DisclosureTextBlockAbstract-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Notes to Financial Statements</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:type="locator"/>
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<DOCUMENT>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>14
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document And Entity Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2025</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">S-3<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">AXT, Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">94-3031310<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">4281 Technology Drive<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Fremont<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">CA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">94538<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">510<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">438-4700<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory', window );">Entity Filer Category</a></td>
<td class="text">Non-accelerated Filer<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntitySmallBusiness', window );">Entity Small Business</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001051627<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentInformationLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate whether the registrant is one of the following: Large Accelerated Filer, Accelerated Filer, Non-accelerated Filer. Definitions of these categories are stated in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFilerCategory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:filerCategoryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntitySmallBusiness">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates that the company is a Smaller Reporting Company (SRC).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntitySmallBusiness</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>16
<FILENAME>R2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Submission<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 06, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_SubmissionLineItems', window );"><strong>Submission [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001051627<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">AXT INC<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FormTp', window );">Form Type</a></td>
<td class="text">S-3<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_SubmissnTp', window );">Submission Type</a></td>
<td class="text">S-3<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeExhibitTp', window );">Fee Exhibit Type</a></td>
<td class="text">EX-FILING FEES<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTableNa', window );">Offering Table N/A</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetTableNa', window );">Offset Table N/A</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa', window );">Combined Prospectus Table N/A</a></td>
<td class="text">N/A<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:naItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeeExhibitTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeeExhibitTp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:feeExhibitTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FormTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FormTp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingTableNa">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingTableNa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:naItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OffsetTableNa">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OffsetTableNa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:naItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_SubmissionLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_SubmissionLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_SubmissnTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_SubmissnTp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>17
<FILENAME>R3.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Offerings<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Nov. 06, 2025 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=1', window );">Offering: 1</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Equity<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, $0.001 par value<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=2', window );">Offering: 2</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Equity<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=3', window );">Offering: 3</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Debt<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Debt Securities<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=4', window );">Offering: 4</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Other<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Depository Shares<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=5', window );">Offering: 5</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Other<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Warrants<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=6', window );">Offering: 6</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Other<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Subscription Rights<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=7', window );">Offering: 7</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Other<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Purchase Contracts<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=8', window );">Offering: 8</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Other<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Units<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=9', window );">Offering: 9</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg', window );">Fee Previously Paid</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Unallocated (Universal) Shelf<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_MaxAggtOfferingPric', window );">Maximum Aggregate Offering Price</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,000,000.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeAmt', window );">Amount of Registration Fee</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,810.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingNote', window );">Offering Note</a></td>
<td class="text">The securities registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of (a) shares of common stock, (b) shares of preferred stock, (c) debt securities, (d) depositary shares, (e) warrants to purchase common stock of the registrant, (f) subscription rights to purchase common stock of the registrant, (g) purchase contracts, and (h) units consisting of some or all of these securities, as may be sold from time to time by the registrant, which together shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $100 million. The securities registered hereunder also include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock and preferred stock, principal amount of debt securities, rights, and warrants as may be issued upon conversion of or exchange for preferred stock, debt securities that provide for conversion or exchange; upon exercise of warrants; pursuant to the terms of any units; or pursuant to the anti-dilution provisions of any such securities.

The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities, or that are issued in units.

Pursuant to Rule 416(a) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), this Registration Statement also covers any additional securities that may be offered or issued in connection with any stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction.

In accordance with Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the registrant is offsetting $6,546.00 of the fee associated with this registration statement from the fee previously paid by the registrant associated with the unsold securities registered under the registrant's prior unallocated (universal) shelf registration statement on Form S-3 originally filed on July 27, 2021, as amended on September 24, 2021, December 3, 2021, December 30, 2021, February 4, 2022, April 14, 2022 and May 5, 2022 (File No. 333-258196) (the "Prior Registration Statement"), which has expired because more than three years have elapsed since the initial effective date of the Prior Registration Statement and all offerings thereunder have been completed or terminated. No securities were sold by registrant under the Prior Registration Statement.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeeAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total amount of registration fee (amount due after offsets).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeeAmt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeeRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The rate per dollar of fees that public companies and other issuers pay to register their securities with the Commission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeeRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_MaxAggtOfferingPric">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum aggregate offering price for the offering that is being registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_MaxAggtOfferingPric</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingNote">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingNote</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The title of the class of securities being registered (for each class being registered).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingSctyTitl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Type of securities: "Asset-backed Securities", "ADRs/ADSs", "Debt", "Debt Convertible into Equity", "Equity", "Face Amount Certificates", "Limited Partnership Interests", "Mortgage Backed Securities", "Non-Convertible Debt", "Unallocated (Universal) Shelf", "Exchange Traded Vehicle Securities", "Other"</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingSctyTp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:securityTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingTable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingTable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_PrevslyPdFlg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Checkbox indicating whether filer is using Rule 457(o) to calculate the registration fee due.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection o<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_Rule457oFlg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=3">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=4">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=5">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=6">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=7">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=8">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=9">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>18
<FILENAME>R4.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Offsets<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Nov. 06, 2025 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetAxis=1', window );">Offset: 1</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetTable', window );"><strong>Offset Payment:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetClmdInd', window );">Offset Claimed</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457pOffsetFlg', window );">Rule 457(p) Offset</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetPrrFilerNm', window );">Registrant or Filer Name</a></td>
<td class="text">AXT, Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetPrrFormTp', window );">Form or Filing Type</a></td>
<td class="text">S-3<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetPrrFileNb', window );">File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">333-258196<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetClmInitlFilgDt', window );">Initial Filing Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jul. 27,  2021<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetClmdAmt', window );">Fee Offset Claimed</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,546.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetPrrSctyTp', window );">Security Type Associated with Fee Offset Claimed</a></td>
<td class="text">Unallocated (Universal) Shelf<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetPrrSctyTitl', window );">Security Title Associated with Fee Offset Claimed</a></td>
<td class="text">Unallocated (Universal) Shelf<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetPrrUnsoldOfferingAmt', window );">Unsold Aggregate Offering Amount Associated with Fee Offset Claimed</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 60,000,000.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_TermntnCmpltnWdrwl', window );">Termination / Withdrawal Statement</a></td>
<td class="text">In accordance with Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the registrant is offsetting $6,546.00 of the fee associated with this registration statement from the fee previously paid by the registrant associated with the unsold securities registered under the registrant's prior unallocated (universal) shelf registration statement on Form S-3 originally filed on July 27, 2021, as amended on September 24, 2021, December 3, 2021, December 30, 2021, February 4, 2022, April 14, 2022 and May 5, 2022 (File No. 333-258196) (the "Prior Registration Statement"), which has expired because more than three years have elapsed since the initial effective date of the Prior Registration Statement and all offerings thereunder have been completed or terminated. No securities were sold by registrant under the Prior Registration Statement.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetAxis=2', window );">Offset: 2</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetTable', window );"><strong>Offset Payment:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetClmdInd', window );">Offset Claimed</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457pOffsetFlg', window );">Rule 457(p) Offset</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetPrrFilerNm', window );">Registrant or Filer Name</a></td>
<td class="text">AXT, Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetPrrFormTp', window );">Form or Filing Type</a></td>
<td class="text">S-3<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetPrrFileNb', window );">File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">333-258196<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetSrcFilgDt', window );">Filing Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jul. 27,  2021<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetPrrFeeAmt', window );">Fee Paid with Fee Offset Source</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,546.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetNote', window );">Offset Note</a></td>
<td class="text">In accordance with Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the registrant is offsetting $6,546.00 of the fee associated with this registration statement from the fee previously paid by the registrant associated with the unsold securities registered under the registrant's prior unallocated (universal) shelf registration statement on Form S-3 originally filed on July 27, 2021, as amended on September 24, 2021, December 3, 2021, December 30, 2021, February 4, 2022, April 14, 2022 and May 5, 2022 (File No. 333-258196) (the "Prior Registration Statement"), which has expired because more than three years have elapsed since the initial effective date of the Prior Registration Statement and all offerings thereunder have been completed or terminated. No securities were sold by registrant under the Prior Registration Statement.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OffsetClmInitlFilgDt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The initial filing date of the earlier registration statement with which the earlier (offsetting) fee was paid for a claimed offset. If the offset fee was paid with an amendment, do not provide the amendment date under this element; instead, provide the date of the initial filing (i.e. the "parent" filing) .</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection p<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OffsetClmInitlFilgDt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OffsetClmdAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of offsetting fees being claimed.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection p<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OffsetClmdAmt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OffsetClmdInd">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OffsetClmdInd</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OffsetNote">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OffsetNote</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OffsetPrrFeeAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The fee previously paid from which an offset is being derived.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection p<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OffsetPrrFeeAmt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OffsetPrrFileNb">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The EDGAR File Number of the earlier registration statement with which the earlier (offsetting) fee was paid. If the offset filing for the offset has a Securities Act File Number and an Investment Company Act File Number, the Securities Act File Number should be used.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection p<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OffsetPrrFileNb</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OffsetPrrFilerNm">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The name of the registrant that filed the earlier registration statement with which the earlier (offsetting) fee was paid.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection p<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OffsetPrrFilerNm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:filerNameItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OffsetPrrFormTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Form Type of the offset filing.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection p<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OffsetPrrFormTp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:formTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OffsetPrrSctyTitl">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The title of the class of securities from which offset fees were derived.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection p<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OffsetPrrSctyTitl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OffsetPrrSctyTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Type of securities: "Asset-backed Securities", "ADRs/ADSs", "Debt", "Debt Convertible into Equity", "Equity", "Face Amount Certificates", "Limited Partnership Interests", "Mortgage Backed Securities", "Non-Convertible Debt", "Unallocated (Universal) Shelf", "Exchange Traded Vehicle Securities", "Other"</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection p<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OffsetPrrSctyTp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:securityTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OffsetPrrUnsoldOfferingAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate offering amount of unsold securities registered on the prior registration statement that are associated with the claimed offset.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection p<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OffsetPrrUnsoldOfferingAmt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OffsetSrcFilgDt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The filing date of the earlier registration statement with which the earlier (offsetting) fee was paid in an offset.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection p<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OffsetSrcFilgDt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OffsetTable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OffsetTable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_Rule457pOffsetFlg">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Checkbox indicating whether filer is claiming an offset under Rule 457(p).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection p<br></p></div>
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<div>Nov. 06, 2025 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
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    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-643">Other</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
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    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="offrl_6" id="ixv-646">Other</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
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      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-658"
      unitRef="USD">100000000.00</ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric>
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      contextRef="offrl_9"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-659"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001381</ffd:FeeRate>
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      contextRef="offrl_9"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-660"
      unitRef="USD">13810.00</ffd:FeeAmt>
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    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="offrl_9" id="ixv-666">The securities registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of (a) shares of common stock, (b) shares of preferred stock, (c) debt securities, (d) depositary shares, (e) warrants to purchase common stock of the registrant, (f) subscription rights to purchase common stock of the registrant, (g) purchase contracts, and (h) units consisting of some or all of these securities, as may be sold from time to time by the registrant, which together shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $100 million. The securities registered hereunder also include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock and preferred stock, principal amount of debt securities, rights, and warrants as may be issued upon conversion of or exchange for preferred stock, debt securities that provide for conversion or exchange; upon exercise of warrants; pursuant to the terms of any units; or pursuant to the anti-dilution provisions of any such securities.

The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities, or that are issued in units.

Pursuant to Rule 416(a) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), this Registration Statement also covers any additional securities that may be offered or issued in connection with any stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction.

In accordance with Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the registrant is offsetting $6,546.00 of the fee associated with this registration statement from the fee previously paid by the registrant associated with the unsold securities registered under the registrant's prior unallocated (universal) shelf registration statement on Form S-3 originally filed on July 27, 2021, as amended on September 24, 2021, December 3, 2021, December 30, 2021, February 4, 2022, April 14, 2022 and May 5, 2022 (File No. 333-258196) (the "Prior Registration Statement"), which has expired because more than three years have elapsed since the initial effective date of the Prior Registration Statement and all offerings thereunder have been completed or terminated. No securities were sold by registrant under the Prior Registration Statement.</ffd:OfferingNote>
    <ffd:Rule457pOffsetFlg contextRef="ofst_1" id="ixv-667">true</ffd:Rule457pOffsetFlg>
    <ffd:OffsetPrrFilerNm contextRef="ofst_1" id="ixv-668">AXT, Inc.</ffd:OffsetPrrFilerNm>
    <ffd:OffsetPrrFormTp contextRef="ofst_1" id="ixv-669">S-3</ffd:OffsetPrrFormTp>
    <ffd:OffsetPrrFileNb contextRef="ofst_1" id="ixv-670">333-258196</ffd:OffsetPrrFileNb>
    <ffd:OffsetClmInitlFilgDt contextRef="ofst_1" id="ixv-671">2021-07-27</ffd:OffsetClmInitlFilgDt>
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      contextRef="ofst_1"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-672"
      unitRef="USD">6546.00</ffd:OffsetClmdAmt>
    <ffd:OffsetPrrSctyTp contextRef="ofst_1" id="ixv-673">Unallocated (Universal) Shelf</ffd:OffsetPrrSctyTp>
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      contextRef="ofst_1"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-675"
      unitRef="USD">60000000.00</ffd:OffsetPrrUnsoldOfferingAmt>
    <ffd:Rule457pOffsetFlg contextRef="ofst_2" id="ixv-676">true</ffd:Rule457pOffsetFlg>
    <ffd:OffsetPrrFilerNm contextRef="ofst_2" id="ixv-677">AXT, Inc.</ffd:OffsetPrrFilerNm>
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    <ffd:OffsetPrrFileNb contextRef="ofst_2" id="ixv-679">333-258196</ffd:OffsetPrrFileNb>
    <ffd:OffsetSrcFilgDt contextRef="ofst_2" id="ixv-680">2021-07-27</ffd:OffsetSrcFilgDt>
    <ffd:OffsetPrrFeeAmt
      contextRef="ofst_2"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-681"
      unitRef="USD">6546.00</ffd:OffsetPrrFeeAmt>
    <ffd:TermntnCmpltnWdrwl contextRef="ofst_1" id="ixv-682">In accordance with Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the registrant is offsetting $6,546.00 of the fee associated with this registration statement from the fee previously paid by the registrant associated with the unsold securities registered under the registrant's prior unallocated (universal) shelf registration statement on Form S-3 originally filed on July 27, 2021, as amended on September 24, 2021, December 3, 2021, December 30, 2021, February 4, 2022, April 14, 2022 and May 5, 2022 (File No. 333-258196) (the "Prior Registration Statement"), which has expired because more than three years have elapsed since the initial effective date of the Prior Registration Statement and all offerings thereunder have been completed or terminated. No securities were sold by registrant under the Prior Registration Statement.</ffd:TermntnCmpltnWdrwl>
    <ffd:OffsetNote contextRef="ofst_2" id="ixv-683">In accordance with Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the registrant is offsetting $6,546.00 of the fee associated with this registration statement from the fee previously paid by the registrant associated with the unsold securities registered under the registrant's prior unallocated (universal) shelf registration statement on Form S-3 originally filed on July 27, 2021, as amended on September 24, 2021, December 3, 2021, December 30, 2021, February 4, 2022, April 14, 2022 and May 5, 2022 (File No. 333-258196) (the "Prior Registration Statement"), which has expired because more than three years have elapsed since the initial effective date of the Prior Registration Statement and all offerings thereunder have been completed or terminated. No securities were sold by registrant under the Prior Registration Statement.</ffd:OffsetNote>
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