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Debt
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Debt Debt
Convertible Notes
2025 Notes
In May 2020, the Company completed both a registered public offering, and a privately negotiated exchange agreement, that resulted in the issuance of the 2025 Notes. After taking into account exchanges and redemptions occurring in prior periods, the outstanding principal balance of the 2025 Notes was $161.9 million as of both December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
The 2025 Notes were issued under an indenture, dated May 12, 2020 (the “Base Indenture”), between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”), as supplemented by the first supplemental indenture, dated May 12, 2020 (the “Supplemental Indenture” and, together with the Base Indenture, the “Indenture”), between the Company and the Trustee.
The 2025 Notes will mature on May 1, 2025, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted. The 2025 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and bear interest at an annual rate of 3.25%, payable semi-annually in arrears on May 1 and November 1 of each year.
Holders of the 2025 Notes may convert the 2025 Notes into shares of the Company’s common stock (together with cash in lieu of any fractional share), at their option, at any time until the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date. Upon conversion of the 2025 Notes, the Company will deliver for each $1,000 principal amount of 2025 Notes converted a number of shares of the Company’s common stock (together with cash in lieu of any fractional share), equal to the conversion rate.
The initial conversion rate for the 2025 Notes is 7.92896 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2025 Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $126.12 per share, and is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events, including, but not limited to, certain stock dividends, splits and combinations, the issuance of certain rights, options or warrants to holders of the common stock, certain distributions of assets, debt securities, capital stock or other property to holders of the common stock, cash dividends on the common stock and certain Company tender or exchange offers.
If a fundamental change (as defined in the Indenture) occurs at any time prior to the maturity date, then the noteholders may require the Company to repurchase their 2025 Notes at a cash repurchase price equal to the principal amount of the 2025 Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. If a make-whole fundamental change (as defined in the Indenture) occurs, then the Company will in certain circumstances increase the conversion rate for a specified period of time.
The 2025 Notes will be redeemable, in whole or in part, at the Company’s option at any time, and from time to time, on or after May 6, 2023 through the last scheduled trading day before the maturity date, at a cash redemption price equal to the principal amount of the 2025 Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date, as long as the last reported sale price per share of the common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price on (i) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the
trading day immediately before the date the Company sends the related redemption notice; and (ii) the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends such notice.
The Indenture contains customary events of default. If an event of default (other than certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization involving the Company) occurs and is continuing, the Trustee, by notice to the Company, or the holders of the 2025 Notes representing at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding 2025 Notes, by notice to the Company and the Trustee, may declare 100% of the principal of, and all accrued and unpaid interest on, all of the then outstanding 2025 Notes to be due and payable immediately. Upon the occurrence of certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization involving the Company, 100% of the principal of, and all accrued and unpaid interest on, all of the then outstanding 2025 Notes will automatically become immediately due and payable. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Indenture provides that, to the extent the Company elects, the sole remedy for an event of default relating to certain failures by the Company to comply with certain reporting covenants in the Indenture will, for the first 360 days after such event of default, consist exclusively of the right to receive additional interest on the 2025 Notes.
Interest make-whole payment
The 2025 Notes also include an interest make-whole payment feature whereby if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for each of the five trading days immediately preceding a conversion date is greater than or equal to $105.10, the Company will, in addition to the other consideration payable or deliverable in connection with such conversion, make an interest make-whole payment to the converting holder equal to the sum of the present values of the scheduled payments of interest that would have been made on the 2025 Notes to be converted had such notes remained outstanding from the conversion date through the earlier of (i) the date that is three years after the conversion date and (ii) the maturity date. The present values will be computed using a discount rate equal to 1%. The Company will satisfy its obligation to pay the interest make-whole payment, at its election, in cash or shares of common stock (together with cash in lieu of fractional shares). The Company has determined that this feature is an embedded derivative and has recognized the fair value of this derivative as a liability in the consolidated balance sheets, with subsequent changes to fair value to be recorded at each reporting period on the consolidated statement of operations in other income, net. See Note 4 – Fair Value Measurements, for more information on this derivative liability.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, $161.9 million of principal of the 2025 Notes was outstanding, $80.4 million of which were held by related parties. Assuming no repurchases or conversions of the 2025 Notes prior to May 1, 2025, the entire principal balance of $161.9 million of the 2025 Notes is due on May 1, 2025.
The 2025 Notes consist of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
20232022
Principal$161,898 $161,898 
Add: fair value of embedded derivative — — 
Less: unamortized debt discount (1,106)(1,933)
Less: unamortized issuance costs(880)(1,538)
Net carrying amount$159,912 $158,427 
The effective interest rate of the liability component of the 2025 Notes was 4.17% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the 2025 Notes (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
20232022
Contractual interest expense$5,262 $5,262 
Amortization of debt discount828 828 
Amortization of debt issuance costs659 659 
Total interest expense$6,749 $6,749 
The contractual interest expense on the 2025 Notes recorded within interest expense, net on the consolidated statements of operations attributable to related parties was $2.6 million and $2.6 million in the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022,
respectively. As of both December 31, 2023 and 2022, accrued interest due to related parties of $0.4 million was included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
Asset-Backed Revolving Credit Facility
On August 5, 2022, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), by and among Siena Lending Group LLC, as lender (“Lender”), Inseego Wireless, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Inseego Wireless”), a subsidiary of the Company, and Inseego North America LLC, an Oregon limited liability company, an indirect subsidiary of the Company, as borrowers (together with Inseego Wireless, the “Borrowers”), and the Company, as guarantor (together with the Borrowers, the “Loan Parties”) as subsequently amended (see Note 13 – Subsequent Events for further information on the most recent amendment) . The Credit Agreement establishes a secured asset-backed revolving credit facility which is comprised of a maximum $50 million revolving credit facility (“Credit Facility”), with a minimum borrowing amount for interest calculations of $4.5 million upon execution of the Credit Agreement. The Credit Facility matures on December 31, 2024. Availability under the Credit Facility is determined monthly by a borrowing base comprised of a percentage of eligible accounts receivable and eligible inventory of the Borrowers. Outstanding amounts exceeding the borrowing base must be repaid immediately. The Borrowers’ obligations under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by the Company. The Loan Parties’ obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by a continuing security interest in all property of each Loan Party, subject to certain Excluded Collateral (as defined in the Credit Agreement).
Borrowings under the Credit Facility may take the form of base rate (“Base Rate”) loans or Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) loans. SOFR loans will bear interest at a rate per annum equal to Term SOFR (as defined in the Credit Agreement as the Term SOFR Reference Rate for a term of one month on the day) plus the Applicable Margin (as defined in the Credit Agreement), with a Term SOFR floor of 1%. Base Rate loans will bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Applicable Margin plus the greatest of (a) the per annum rate of interest which is identified as the “Prime Rate” and normally published in the Money Rates section of The Wall Street Journal, (b) the sum of the Federal Funds Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus 0.5% and (c) 3.50% per annum.
The Applicable Margin varies depending on the average outstanding amount for a preceding month. If the average outstanding amount for a preceding month is less than $15 million, the Applicable Margin will be 2.50% for Base Rate loans and 3.50% for SOFR loans. If the average outstanding amount for a preceding month is between $15 million and $25 million, the Applicable Margin will be 3.00% for Base Rate loans and 4.00% for SOFR loans. If the average outstanding amount for a preceding month is greater than $25 million, the Applicable Margin will be 4.5% for Base Rate loans and 5.50% for SOFR loans. The Company pays monthly fees of 0.4% per annum on the unused portion of the Credit Facility.
The Credit Agreement contains a financial covenant whereby the Loan Parties shall not permit the consolidated Liquidity (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) to be less than $8 million at any time (the “Liquidity Covenant”). The Credit Agreement also contains certain customary covenants, which include, but are not limited to, restrictions on indebtedness, liens, fundamental changes, restricted payments, asset sales, and investments, and places limits on various other payments. The Company determined that the term “Eligible Accounts”, as defined in the Credit Agreement would have excluded certain balances used in the determination of eligible collateral upon which the Company’s borrowing base is calculated and that exclusion would have resulted in a violation of the Liquidity Covenant as of December 31, 2022. Accordingly, to clarify this matter and others, the Loan Parties agreed to amend the Credit Agreement (as amended, the “Amended Credit Agreement”) to modify and clarify the definitions of “Eligible Accounts”, “Permitted Indebtedness” and also “Eligible Inventory.” The Amended Credit Agreement was entered into on February 25, 2023 with an effective date of December 15, 2022. The Company was in compliance with the financial covenants of the Amended Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2023.
On May 2, 2023, (1) two related parties (the “Participants”) collectively purchased a $4.0 million last-out subordinated participation interest in the Amended Credit Agreement (the “Participation Interest”) from the Lender, and (2) the Borrowers entered into an amendment to the Amended Credit Agreement which increased the borrowing base under the Credit Facility by $4.0 million, increased the minimum borrowing amount for interest calculations to $8.5 million, and modified certain covenants. In connection with the purchase of the Participation Interest, we agreed to pay the Participants an aggregate exit fee ranging from 7.5% to 12.5% of the amount of the Participation Interest, payable upon the earlier to occur of (a) the maturity date of the Credit Facility, (b) termination of the Lender’s commitment to make revolving loans prior to the scheduled maturity date of the Credit Facility, and (c) the early redemption of the Participation Interest, as applicable. Further, the purchase of the Participation Interest granted an option for the Participants to purchase the subject revolving loan or to redeem its Participation Interest under certain circumstances. The Participants are each affiliates of beneficial holders of greater than five percent of our outstanding common stock. Accretion of the exit fee attributable to related parties recorded within interest expense, net on the consolidated statements of operations was $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Upon execution of the Credit Agreement on August 5, 2022, the Company paid $1.1 million of debt issuance costs, which are being amortized to interest expense throughout the term of the agreement. Amortization expense of $0.5 million and $0.2 million related to debt issuance cost was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were $0.5 million and $0.9 million of unamortized debt issuance costs on the Credit Facility included within prepaid expenses and other and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had outstanding borrowings of $4.1 million and availability of $3.2 million. The Company’s policy is to classify outstanding borrowings as long-term so long as such borrowings are not expected to exceed the borrowing base over the 12 months subsequent to the balance sheet date, in which case, any excess borrowings would be classified as short-term.
The effective interest rate of the average outstanding balance of the Credit Facility was 54.5%, which includes 14.4% related to amortization of original issuance costs, and 17.7%, which includes 8.5% related to amortization of original issuance costs, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The higher interest rates relate to the fact that there is a minimum borrowing amount for interest calculations under the Credit Facility. The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the Credit Facility (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
20232022
Contractual interest expense$861 $211 
Amortization of debt issuance costs466 194 
Total interest expense$1,327 $405