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Stock-based Compensation
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock-based Compensation Stock-based Compensation
Equity Incentive Plans
In April 2025, our Board of Directors (the “Board”) approved the second amendment to the Codexis Inc. 2019 Incentive Award Plan, as amended (the “2019 Plan”) which amendment became effective upon stockholders' approval at the Annual Meeting of the Company’s stockholders in June 2025. The second amendment provided for an increase in the number of shares authorized and available for issuance under the 2019 Plan by 8,000,000 shares, resulting in an increase to the total shares authorized and available for issuance under the 2019 Plan from 15,897,144 shares to 23,897,144 shares.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In April 2023, our Board approved an employee stock purchase plan (as may be amended from time to time, the “ESPP”) which became effective upon approval at the 2023 Annual Meeting. The ESPP allows eligible employees of the Company to purchase shares of our common stock through payroll deductions. Offering periods are generally over a 24-month period and begin in May and November of each year. The per share purchase price will be the lower of 85% of the closing trading price per share of our common stock on the first trading date of an offering period in which a participant is enrolled or 85% of the closing trading price per share on the purchase date. Participant purchases are limited to a maximum of $25,000 of fair value of our stock per calendar year. The Company is authorized to grant up to 2,000,000 shares of common stock under the ESPP. The first offering period of the ESPP commenced in December 2023.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, 151,490 and 123,889 shares of our common stock were purchased under the ESPP, respectively. As of June 30, 2025, 1,585,353 shares of common stock were available for future issuance under the ESPP. We recognized $0.1 million and $0.2 million of stock-based compensation expenses related to the ESPP for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, and $0.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. As of June 30, 2025, the total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, net of expected forfeitures, related to the ESPP was $1.0 million and is expected to be recognized over the remaining offering period.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
Stock-based compensation expense is included in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations as follows (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2025202420252024
Cost of product revenue$57 $101 $118 $216 
Research and development 724 641 1,389 1,461 
Selling, general and administrative1,751 3,940 3,404 6,176 
Total$2,532 $4,682 $4,911 $7,853 
The following table presents total stock-based compensation expense by security type included in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2025202420252024
Stock options$1,478 $2,117 $2,833 $3,631 
Restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and RSAs936 1,152 1,855 2,469 
Performance-contingent restricted stock units (“PSUs”)— — — 247 
Performance based options (“PBOs”)— 1,341 — 1,357 
ESPP118 72 223 149 
Total$2,532 $4,682 $4,911 $7,853 
On June 29, 2024, we entered into an Advisory Services Agreement with a former executive of the Company. Pursuant to the advisory agreement, the exercise period for the former executive’s vested stock options and performance-based options was also extended. The modification resulted in a stock-based compensation expense of $2.0 million recognized in selling, general and administrative expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.
As of June 30, 2025, unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, net of expected forfeitures, was $11.1 million related to unvested stock options, and $6.3 million related to unvested RSUs and RSAs. Stock-based compensation expense for these awards will be recognized through 2029.