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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | 10. Income Taxes The reconciliation of federal statutory income tax rate to the Company’s effective income tax rate is as follows:
|  | For the Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Expected income tax benefit at the federal statutory rate |  |  | 21.0 | % |  |  | 21.0 | %
State and local taxes, net of federal benefit |  |  | 13.1 |  |  |  | 7.9 |
Research and development credit, net |  |  | 2.3 |  |  |  | 0.6 |
Non-deductible items |  |  | (3.3 | ) |  |  | (16.8 | )
Change in valuation allowance |  |  | (33.1 | ) |  |  | (12.7 | )
Total |  |  | 0.0 | % |  |  | 0.0 | %
Deferred income taxes reflect the net effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The principal components of the Company’s deferred tax assets consisted of the following:
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal, state and local net operating loss carryforwards |  | $ | 5,688 |  |  | $ | 1,163 |
License fee deductions |  |  | 362 |  |  |  | 328 |
Research and development tax credits |  |  | 452 |  |  |  | 69 |
Stock-based compensation deductions |  |  | 264 |  |  |  | 17 |
Accrued expenses |  |  | 457 |  |  |  | 35 |
Gross deferred tax assets |  |  | 7,223 |  |  |  | 1,612 |
Less: valuation allowance |  |  | (7,223 | ) |  |  | (1,612 | )
Total deferred tax assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
|  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Net deferred tax assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
The Company increased its valuation allowance by $5,611 for the year ended December 31, 2019 in order to maintain a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets. Based on the Company’s history of losses, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2019. The Company intends to maintain a valuation allowance until sufficient positive evidence exists to support a reversal of the allowance. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had federal, state and local net operating loss carryforwards of $17,480, $19,220 and $10,129, respectively; $17,231 of the federal amounts do not expire, and the remaining $249 expire in 2037. The state net operating losses begin to expire in 2037. The local net operating losses expire in 2039. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had federal research and development tax credit carryforwards of $452, which begin to expire in 2038. Under the provisions of Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the IRC), these net operating losses, credit carryforwards and other tax attributes may be subject to limitation based on previous significant changes in ownership and upon future significant changes in ownership of the Company, as defined by the IRC. The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction as well as in Pennsylvania and Philadelphia. The tax years 2018 and 2017 remain open to examination by the jurisdictions where the Company is subject to tax. The Company evaluates tax positions for recognition using a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, and those tax positions eligible for recognition are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon the effective settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680 + Details
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