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Fair Value Measurement
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurement

Note 5 - Fair Value Measurement

US GAAP defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. It also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level l Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3 Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

Fair value estimates, methods, and assumptions are set forth below.

  

Cash and short term investments-The carrying amount of these financial instruments (cash and due from banks, interest-bearing bank balances, federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell) approximates fair value. All mature within 90 days and do not present unanticipated credit concerns and are classified as Level 1.

Investment Securities-Measurement is on a recurring basis based upon quoted market prices, if available. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are measured using independent pricing models or other model-based valuation techniques such as the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for prepayment assumptions, projected credit losses, and liquidity. Level 1 securities include those traded on an active exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange, or by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets. Level 2 securities include mortgage-backed securities issued both by government sponsored enterprises and private label mortgage-backed securities. Generally, these fair values are priced from established pricing models. Level 3 securities include corporate debt obligations and asset–backed securities that are less liquid or for which there is an inactive market.

Other investments, at cost-The carrying value of other investments, such as FHLB stock, approximates fair value based on redemption provisions.

Loans Held for Sale-The Company originates fixed rate residential loans on a servicing released basis in the secondary market. Loans closed but not yet settled with an investor, are carried in the Company’s loans held for sale portfolio. These loans are fixed rate residential loans that have been originated in the Company’s name and have closed. Virtually all of these loans have commitments to be purchased by investors at a locked in price with the investors on the same day that the loan was locked in with the Company’s customers. Therefore, these loans present very little market risk for the Company and are classified as Level 2. The carrying amount of these loans approximates fair value.

Loans-The valuation of loans receivable is estimated using the exit price notion which incorporates factors, such as enhanced credit risk, illiquidity risk and market factors that sometimes exist in exit prices in dislocated markets. This credit risk assumption is intended to approximate the fair value that a market participant would realize in a hypothetical orderly transaction. The Company’s loan portfolio is initially fair valued using a segmented approach. The Company divides its loan portfolio into the following categories: variable rate loans, impaired loans and all other loans. The results are then adjusted to account for credit risk as described above.

Other Real Estate Owned (“OREO”)-OREO is carried at the lower of carrying value or fair value on a non-recurring basis. Fair value is based upon independent appraisals or management’s estimation of the collateral and is considered a Level 3 measurement.

Derivative Financial Instruments-Fair value is estimated using discounted cash flow models where future floating cash flows are projected and discounted back. Derivative financial instruments are classified as Level 2.

Accrued Interest Receivable-The fair value approximates the carrying value and is classified as Level 1.

Deposits-The fair value of demand deposits, savings accounts, and money market accounts is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. The fair value of fixed-maturity certificates of deposits is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities. Deposits are classified as Level 2.

Federal Home Loan Bank Advances-Fair value is estimated based on discounted cash flows using current market rates for borrowings with similar terms and are classified as Level 2.

Short Term Borrowings-The carrying value of short term borrowings (securities sold under agreements to repurchase and demand notes to the Treasury) approximates fair value. These are classified as Level 2.

Junior Subordinated Debentures-The fair values of junior subordinated debentures are estimated by using discounted cash flow analyses based on incremental borrowing rates for similar types of instruments. These are classified as Level 2.

Accrued Interest Payable-The fair value approximates the carrying value and is classified as Level 1.

Commitments to Extend Credit-The fair value of these commitments is immaterial because their underlying interest rates approximate market. 

The carrying amount and estimated fair value by classification level of the Company’s financial instruments as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows: 

                                       
   September 30, 2023 
   Carrying   Fair Value 
(Dollars in thousands)  Amount   Total   Level 1   Level 2    Level 3 
Financial assets:                         
Cash and short term investments  $97,456   $97,456   $97,456   $—   $— 
Available-for-sale securities   280,549    280,549    —    280,549    — 
Held-to-maturity securities   219,871    198,408    —    198,408    — 
Other investments, at cost   6,305    6,305    —    —    6,305 
Loans held for sale   5,509    5,509    —    5,509    — 
Derivative financial instruments   3,909    3,909    —    3,909    — 
Net loans receivable   1,079,827    1,027,838    —    —    1,027,838 
Accrued interest receivable   5,390    5,390    5,390    —    — 
Financial liabilities:                         
Non-interest bearing demand  $450,737   $450,737   $—   $450,737   $— 
Interest bearing demand deposits and money market accounts   688,252    688,252    —    688,252    — 
Savings   123,523    123,523    —    123,523    — 
Time deposits   229,514    227,770    —    227,770    — 
Total deposits   1,492,026    1,490,282    —    1,490,282    — 
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances   80,000    80,000    —    80,000    — 
Short term borrowings   67,173    67,173    —    67,173    — 
Junior subordinated debentures   14,964    13,258    —    13,258    — 
Accrued interest payable   2,390    2,390    2,390    —    — 
                          
   December 31, 2022 
   Carrying   Fair Value 
(Dollars in thousands)  Amount   Total   Level 1   Level 2   Level 3 
Financial Assets:                         
Cash and short term investments  $37,401   $37,401   $37,401   $—   $— 
Available-for-sale securities   331,862    331,862    —    331,862    — 
Held-to-maturity securities   228,701    213,613    —    213,613    — 
Other investments, at cost   4,191    4,191    —    —    4,191 
Loans held for sale   1,779    1,779    —    1,779    — 
Net loans receivable   969,521    943,498    —    —    943,498 
Accrued interest receivable   5,217    5,217    5,217    —    — 
Financial liabilities:                         
Non-interest bearing demand  $461,010   $461,010   $—   $461,010   $— 
Interest bearing demand deposits and money market accounts   629,763    629,763    —    629,763    — 
Savings   161,770    161,770    —    161,770    — 
Time deposits   132,839    132,825    —    132,825    — 
Total deposits   1,385,382    1,385,368    —    1,385,368    — 
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances   50,000    50,000    —    50,000    — 
Short term borrowings   90,743    90,743    —    90,743    — 
Junior subordinated debentures   14,964    13,402    —    13,402    — 
Accrued interest payable   520    520    520    —    — 

The following tables summarize quantitative disclosures about the fair value for each category of assets carried at fair value as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 that are measured on a recurring basis. There were no liabilities carried at fair value as of September 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022 that are measured on a recurring basis.

 

                 
(Dollars in thousands)  September 30, 2023 
Description  Total   Level 1   Level 2   Level 3 
Available- for-sale securities                    
US Treasury Securities  $17,550   $—   $17,550   $— 
Government Sponsored Enterprises   2,008    —    2,008    — 
Mortgage-backed securities   236,590    —    236,590    — 
Small Business Administration pools   16,621    —    16,621    — 
Corporate and other securities   7,780    —    7,780    — 
Total Available-for-sale securities   280,549    —    280,549    — 
Derivative financial instruments   3,909         3,909      
Loans held for sale   5,509    —    5,509    — 
Total  $289,967   $—   $289,967   $— 
                     
(Dollars in thousands)  December 31, 2022 
Description  Total   Level 1   Level 2   Level 3 
Available- for-sale securities                    
US Treasury Securities  $55,983   $—   $55,983   $— 
Government Sponsored Enterprises   2,074    —    2,074    — 
Mortgage-backed securities   244,600    —    244,600    — 
Small Business Administration pools   21,087    —    21,087    — 
Corporate and other securities   8,118    —    8,118    — 
Total Available-for-sale securities   331,862    —    331,862    — 
Loans held for sale   1,779    —    1,779    — 
Total  $333,641   $—   $333,641   $— 

 

The following tables summarize quantitative disclosures about the fair value for each category of assets carried at fair value as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 that are measured on a non-recurring basis. There were no Level 3 financial instruments for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 measured on a recurring basis.

 

                 
(Dollars in thousands)  September 30, 2023 
Description  Total   Level 1   Level 2   Level 3 
Other real estate owned:                    
Construction   145    —    —    145 
Mortgage-commercial   521    —    —    521 
Total other real estate owned   666    —    —    666 
Total  $666   $—   $—   $666 
     
(Dollars in thousands)  December 31, 2022 
Description  Total   Level 1   Level 2   Level 3 
Impaired loans:                    
Real estate:                    
Mortgage-residential  $34   $—   $—   $34 
Mortgage-commercial   4,752    —    —    4,752 
Consumer:                    
Home equity   168    —    —    168 
Total impaired loans   4,954    —    —    4,954 
Other real estate owned:                    
Construction   412    —    —    412 
Mortgage-commercial   522    —    —    522 
Total other real estate owned   934    —    —    934 
Total  $5,888   $—   $—   $5,888 

The Company has a large percentage of loans with real estate serving as collateral. Loans to borrowers which are experiencing financial difficulty are primarily valued on a nonrecurring basis at the fair value of the underlying real estate collateral. Such fair values are obtained using independent appraisals, which the Company considers to be Level 3 inputs. Third party appraisals are generally obtained when management determines that the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty or at the time it is transferred to OREO. This internal process consists of evaluating the underlying collateral to independently obtained comparable properties. With respect to less complex or smaller credits, an internal evaluation may be performed. Generally, the independent and internal evaluations are updated annually. Factors considered in determining the fair value include, among others, geographic sales trends, the value of comparable surrounding properties and the condition of the property.

For Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements were as follows:  

(Dollars in thousands)   Fair Value as
of September 30,
2023		     Valuation Technique   Significant
Observable
Inputs		   Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
OREO   $ 666     Appraisal Value/Comparison Sales/Other estimates   Appraisals and or sales of comparable properties   Appraisals discounted 6% to 16% for sales commissions and other holding cost
                     
(Dollars in thousands)   Fair Value as
of December 31,
2022		     Valuation Technique   Significant
Observable
Inputs		   Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
OREO   $ 934     Appraisal Value/Comparison Sales/Other estimates   Appraisals and or sales of comparable properties   Appraisals discounted 6% to 16% for sales commissions and other holding cost
Impaired loans   $ 4,954     Appraisal Value   Appraisals and or sales of comparable properties   Appraisals discounted 6% to 16% for sales commissions and other holding cost