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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2021
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Principles of Consolidation | Principles of Consolidation: The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) for interim financial reporting and with applicable quarterly reporting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC). They do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. Therefore, these consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the C&F Financial Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. ​ The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of C&F Financial Corporation (the Corporation), its direct wholly-owned subsidiary, Citizens and Farmers Bank (the Bank or C&F Bank) and indirect subsidiaries that are wholly-owned or controlled. Subsidiaries that are less than wholly owned are fully consolidated if they are controlled by the Corporation or one of its subsidiaries, and the portion of any subsidiary not owned by the Corporation is reported as noncontrolling interest. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In addition, the Corporation owns all of the common stock of C&F Financial Statutory Trust I, C&F Financial Statutory Trust II and Central Virginia Bankshares Statutory Trust I, all of which are unconsolidated subsidiaries. The subordinated debt owed to these trusts is reported as liabilities of the Corporation. The accounting and reporting policies of the Corporation conform to U.S. GAAP and to predominant practices within the banking industry.
Nature of Operations | Nature of Operations: The Corporation is a bank holding company incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The Corporation owns all of the stock of its subsidiary, C&F Bank, which is an independent commercial bank chartered under the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia. ​ C&F Bank has five wholly-owned subsidiaries: C&F Mortgage Corporation (C&F Mortgage), C&F Finance Company (C&F Finance), C&F Wealth Management Corporation (C&F Wealth Management), C&F Insurance Services, Inc. and CVB Title Services, Inc., all incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia. C&F Mortgage, organized in September 1995, originates and sells residential mortgages, provides mortgage loan origination services to third-party lenders and, through its subsidiary Certified Appraisals LLC, provides ancillary mortgage loan production services for residential appraisals. C&F Mortgage owns a 51 percent interest in C&F Select LLC, which was organized in January 2019 and is also engaged in the business of originating and selling residential mortgages. C&F Finance, acquired in September 2002, is a finance company purchasing automobile, marine and recreational vehicle (RV) loans through indirect lending programs. C&F Wealth Management, organized in April 1995, is a full-service brokerage firm offering a comprehensive range of wealth management services and insurance products through third-party service providers. C&F Insurance Services, Inc. and CVB Title Services, Inc. were organized for the primary purpose of owning equity interests in an independent insurance agency and a full service title and settlement agency, respectively. Business segment data is presented in Note 10.
Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, impairment of loans and evaluation of goodwill for impairment. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations in these financial statements, have been made. ​ The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant disruption in economic activity worldwide, including in market areas served by the Corporation. Estimates for the allowance for loan losses at September 30, 2021 include probable losses related to the pandemic. While there have been signals of economic recovery and a resumption of many types of business activity, there remains significant uncertainty involved in the measurement of these losses. If economic conditions deteriorate further, then additional provision for loan losses may be required in future periods. It is unknown how long these conditions will last and what the ultimate financial impact will be to the Corporation. ​
Reclassification | Reclassification: Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform to the current period presentation. None of these reclassifications are considered material.
Business Combination | ​ Business Combination: On January 1, 2020, the Corporation completed the acquisition of Peoples Bankshares, Incorporated (Peoples) and its banking subsidiary, Peoples Community Bank for an aggregate purchase price of $22.19 million of cash and stock. Additional information about the acquisition is presented in Note 2.
Derivative Financial Instruments | Derivative Financial Instruments: The Corporation recognizes derivative financial instruments at fair value as either an other asset or other liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Corporation’s derivative financial instruments include (1) interest rate swaps that qualify and are designated as cash flow hedges on the Corporation’s trust preferred capital notes, (2) interest rate swaps with certain qualifying commercial loan customers and dealer counterparties and (3) interest rate contracts arising from mortgage banking activities, including interest rate lock commitments (IRLCs) on mortgage loans and related forward sales of mortgage loans and mortgage backed securities. The gain or loss on the Corporation’s cash flow hedges is reported as a component of other comprehensive income, net of deferred income taxes, and reclassified into earnings in the same period(s) during which the hedged transactions affect earnings. IRLCs, forward sales contracts and interest rate swaps with loan customers and dealer counterparties are not designated as hedging instruments, and therefore changes in the fair value of these instruments are reported as noninterest income. The Corporation’s derivative financial instruments are described more fully in Note 12. ​
Income Taxes | Income Taxes: The Corporation’s effective tax rate was 23.1 percent and 22.5 percent for the first nine months of 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Corporation recognized income tax benefits of $23,000 and $326,000 in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 arising from a change in tax law enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic which changed the tax rate applied to certain net operating losses related to prior tax years of Peoples. The effects of changes in tax law are recognized in income tax expense in the period in which the changes are enacted. ​
Share-Based Compensation | Share-Based Compensation: Share-based compensation expense, net of forfeitures, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $386,000 ($271,000 after tax) and $1.21 million ($863,000 after tax), respectively, for restricted stock granted during 2016 through 2021. Share-based compensation expense, net of forfeitures, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $311,000 ($219,000 after tax) and $1.01 million ($654,000 after tax), respectively, for restricted stock granted during 2015 through 2020. As of September 30, 2021, there was $3.18 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock that will be recognized over the remaining requisite service periods. ​ A summary of activity for restricted stock awards during the first nine months of 2021 and 2020 is presented below: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 2021 |
​ |  | ​ |  | Weighted- |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Grant Date |
​ | ​ | Shares | ​ | Fair Value |
Unvested, December 31, 2020 |  | 155,945 | ​ | $ | 48.52 | ​
Granted | ​ | 20,462 | ​ |  | 44.13 | ​
Vested |  | (21,195) | ​ |  | 44.18 | ​
Forfeited |  | (5,450) | ​ |  | 45.89 | ​
Unvested, September 30, 2021 |  | 149,762 | ​ | ​ | 48.63 | ​
​ ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 2020 | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | Weighted- | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Grant Date | ​
​ | ​ | Shares | ​ | Fair Value | ​
Unvested, December 31, 2019 |  | 142,020 | ​ | $ | 48.88 | ​
Granted |  | 14,770 | ​ |  | 53.03 | ​
Vested |  | (16,555) | ​ |  | 40.20 | ​
Forfeited |  | (3,530) | ​ |  | 52.86 | ​
Unvested, September 30, 2020 |  | 136,705 | ​ | ​ | 50.32 | ​
Recent Significant Accounting Pronouncements | Recent Significant Accounting Pronouncements: ​ In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” as part of its project on financial instruments. Subsequently, this ASU was amended when the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses,” ASU 2019-04, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments,” ASU 2019-05, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief,” ASU 2019-10, “Financial Instruments—Credit losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842)—Effective dates,” ASU 2019-11, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses,” ASU 2020-02, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) and Leases (Topic 842)” and ASU 2020-03, “Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments” (collectively, ASC 326). ASC 326 introduces an approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments. It also modifies the impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities and provides for a simplified accounting model for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration since their origination. The new standard will be effective for the Corporation beginning on January 1, 2023. Early adoption of the new standard is permitted. ​ The amendments of ASC 326, upon adoption, will be applied on a modified retrospective basis, with the cumulative effect of adopting the new standard being recorded as an adjustment to opening retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Corporation has established a working group to prepare for and implement changes related to ASC 326 and has gathered historical loan loss data for purposes of evaluating appropriate portfolio segmentation and modeling methods under the standard. The Corporation has performed procedures to validate the historical loan loss data to ensure its suitability and reliability for purposes of developing an estimate of expected credit losses under ASC 326. The Corporation has engaged a vendor to assist in modeling expected lifetime losses under ASC 326, and is continuing to develop and refine an approach to estimating the allowance for credit losses. The adoption of ASC 326 will result in significant changes to the Corporation’s consolidated financial statements, which may include changes in the level of the allowance for credit losses that will be considered adequate, a reduction in total equity and regulatory capital of C&F Bank, differences in the timing of recognizing changes to the allowance for credit losses and expanded disclosures about the allowance for credit losses. The Corporation has not yet determined an estimate of the effect of these changes. The adoption of the standard will also result in significant changes in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting related to the allowance for credit losses. ​ Other accounting standards that have been issued by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies are not currently expected to have a material effect on the Corporation’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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