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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Principles of Consolidation | Principles of Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of C&F Financial Corporation (the Corporation), its direct wholly-owned subsidiary, Citizens and Farmers Bank (the Bank or C&F Bank), and indirect subsidiaries that are wholly-owned or controlled. Subsidiaries that are less than wholly owned are fully consolidated if they are controlled by the Corporation or one of its subsidiaries, and the portion of any subsidiary not owned by the Corporation is reported as noncontrolling interest. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In addition, the Corporation owns all of the common stock of C&F Financial Statutory Trust I, C&F Financial Statutory Trust II, and Central Virginia Bankshares Statutory Trust I, all of which are unconsolidated subsidiaries. The subordinated debt owed to these trusts is reported as liabilities of the Corporation. The accounting and reporting policies of the Corporation conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) and to predominant practices within the banking industry.
Nature of Operations | Nature of Operations: The Corporation is a bank holding company incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The Corporation owns all of the stock of its subsidiary, C&F Bank, which is an independent commercial bank chartered under the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia. ​ C&F Bank has five wholly-owned subsidiaries: C&F Mortgage Corporation (C&F Mortgage), C&F Finance Company (C&F Finance), C&F Wealth Management Corporation (C&F Wealth Management), C&F Insurance Services, Inc. (C&F Insurance), and CVB Title Services, Inc. (CVB Title), all incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia. C&F Mortgage, organized in September 1995, originates and sells residential mortgages, provides mortgage loan origination services to third-party lenders and, through its subsidiary Certified Appraisals LLC, provides ancillary mortgage loan production services for residential appraisals. C&F Mortgage owns a 51 percent interest in C&F Select LLC, which was organized in January 2019 and is also engaged in the business of originating and selling residential mortgages. C&F Finance, acquired in September 2002, is a finance company purchasing automobile, marine and recreational vehicle (RV) loans through indirect lending programs. C&F Wealth Management, organized in April 1995, is a full-service brokerage firm offering a comprehensive range of wealth management services and insurance products through third-party service providers. C&F Insurance and CVB Title were organized for the primary purpose of owning equity interests in an independent insurance agency and a full service title and settlement agency, respectively. Business segment data is presented in Note 20.
Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses and evaluation of goodwill for impairment. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations in these financial statements, have been made.
Reclassification | Reclassification: Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform to the current period presentation. None of these reclassifications are considered material.
Significant Group Concentrations of Credit Risk | Significant Group Concentrations of Credit Risk: States in which significant concentrations of the Corporation’s lending activities exist include Virginia, Georgia, Ohio, and Tennessee. At December 31, 2023, 52.7 percent of the Corporation’s loan portfolio consisted of commercial loans, which include loans secured by real estate for builder lines, acquisition and development and commercial development, as well as commercial loans secured by personal property. In addition, 26.9 percent of the Corporation’s loan portfolio consisted of consumer finance loans to individuals, secured by automobiles and marine and RVs. The Corporation does not have any significant loan concentrations to any one customer. Additional information about the Corporation’s lending activities is presented in Note 4.
Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents: For purposes of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash, balances due from banks, interest-bearing deposits in banks and federal funds sold, all of which mature within 90 days. The Bank had historically been required to maintain cash reserve balances on hand or with the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB). At December 31, 2023 there was no minimum reserve requirement as a result of a rule adopted by the FRB in March 2020 eliminating the reserve requirement.
Securities | Securities: Investments in debt securities are classified as either held to maturity, available for sale, or trading, based on management’s intent. Currently all of the Corporation’s debt securities are classified as available for sale. Available for sale debt securities are carried at estimated fair value with the corresponding unrealized gains and losses recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). Gains or losses are recognized in net income on the trade date using the amortized cost of the specific security sold. Purchase premiums are recognized in interest income using the effective interest rate method over the period from purchase to maturity or, for callable securities, the earliest call date, and purchase discounts are recognized in the same manner from purchase to maturity. ​ Impairment of debt securities occurs when the fair value of a security is less than its amortized cost. The Corporation has elected to exclude accrued interest receivable from the amortized cost basis. For debt securities available for sale, impairment is recognized in its entirety in net income if either (i) we intend to sell the security or (ii) it is more-likely-than-not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If, however, the Corporation does not intend to sell the security and it is not more-likely-than-not that the Corporation will be required to sell the security before recovery, the Corporation evaluates unrealized losses to determine whether a decline in fair value below amortized cost basis is a result of a credit loss, which occurs when the amortized cost basis of the security exceeds the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected from the security, or other factors such as changes in market interest rates. If a credit loss exists, an allowance for credit losses is recorded that reflects the amount of the impairment related to credit losses, limited by the amount by which the security’s amortized cost basis exceeds its fair value. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded in net income in the period of change and are included in provision for credit losses. Changes in the fair value of debt securities available for sale not resulting from credit losses are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss). The Corporation regularly reviews unrealized losses in its investments in securities and cash flows expected to be collected from impaired securities based on criteria including the extent to which market value is below amortized cost, the financial health of and specific prospects for the issuer, the Corporation’s intention with regard to holding the security to maturity and the likelihood that the Corporation would be required to sell the security before recovery.
Loans Held for Sale | Loans Held for Sale: The Corporation has elected to use a fair value accounting option for loans originated for resale by its mortgage banking segment. These loans are classified as loans held for sale (LHFS) and are measured at fair value in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 820 - Fair Value Measurement, with changes in fair value reported in net income as a component of “Gains on sales of loans.” Substantially all loans originated by the mortgage banking segment are held for sale to outside investors.
Loans Held for Investment | Loans Held for Investment: The Corporation makes mortgage, commercial and consumer loans to customers. The Corporation’s recorded investment in loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off generally is reported at the unpaid principal balances adjusted for charges-offs, unearned discounts, any deferred fees or costs on originated loans, and the allowance for credit losses. The Corporation has elected to exclude accrued interest receivable from the amortized cost basis. Interest on loans is credited to operations based on the principal amount outstanding. Loan fees and origination costs are deferred and the net amount is amortized as an adjustment of the related loan’s yield using the level-yield method. The Corporation is amortizing these amounts over the estimated life of the related loans. ​ Loans acquired in a business combination are recorded at estimated fair value on the date of acquisition. In the case of loans that have experienced more than insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination as of the acquisition date, the loan’s amortized cost basis is increased above estimated fair value by the amount of expected credit losses as of the acquisition date, and a corresponding allowance for credit losses is also recorded. Any remaining non-credit discount or premium for such purchased loans with credit deterioration (or PCD loans) and any fair value discount or premium for non-PCD loans is accreted or amortized as an adjustment to yield over the estimated lives of the loans using the level-yield method. There is no allowance for credit losses established for non-PCD loans as part of a business combination. Subsequent to a business combination, an allowance for credit losses for non-PCD loans is established through charges to earnings in the form of a provision for credit losses. ​ A loan’s past due status is based on the contractual due date of the most delinquent payment due. Loans are generally placed on nonaccrual status when the collection of principal or interest is 90 days or more past due, or earlier, if collection is uncertain based on an evaluation of the net realizable value of the collateral and the financial strength of the borrower. Any accrued interest receivable on loans placed on nonaccrual status is reversed by an adjustment to interest income. Loans greater than 90 days past due may remain on accrual status if management determines it has adequate collateral to cover the principal and interest. For those loans that are carried on nonaccrual status, payments are first applied to principal outstanding. A loan may be returned to accrual status if the borrower has demonstrated a sustained period of repayment performance in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan and there is reasonable assurance the borrower will continue to make payments as agreed. These policies are applied consistently across our loan portfolio. ​ In the ordinary course of business, the Corporation has entered into commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets when they are funded.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans | Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans: The allowance for credit losses on loans is established through charges to earnings in the form of a provision for credit losses. Loan losses are charged against the allowance for credit losses for the difference between the carrying value of the loan and the estimated net realizable value or fair value of the collateral, if collateral dependent, when management believes that the collectability of the principal is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. ​ The allowance represents management’s current estimate of expected credit losses over the contractual term of loans held for investment, and is recorded at an amount that, in management’s judgment, reduces the recorded investment in loans to the net amount expected to be collected. No allowance for credit loss is recorded on accrued interest receivable and amounts written-off are reversed by an adjustment to interest income. Management’s judgment in determining the level of the allowance is based on evaluations of historical loan losses, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts relevant to the collectability of loans. Loans that share common risk characteristics are evaluated collectively using a discounted cash flow approach for all loans except for overdraft balances, which are evaluated using a loss rate approach. The discounted cash flow approach used by the Corporation utilizes loan-level cash flow projections and pool-level assumptions. ​ For commercial (except for loans to states and political subdivisions) and consumer loans, cash flow projections and estimated expected losses are based in part on twelve-month forecasts of the national unemployment rate that are reasonable and supportable and external observations of historical loan losses. Forecasts of the national unemployment rate are derived from the Federal Open Markets Committee of the Federal Reserve Board and incorporated into the estimate of expected credit losses using a statistical regression analysis. For periods beyond those for which reasonable and supportable forecasts are available, projections are based on a reversion of the national unemployment rate from the last forecast to a historical average level over the following six months. Cash flow projections and estimated expected losses for loans to states and political subdivisions are based on external loss observations for state and municipal debt obligations. For consumer finance loans, cash flow projections and estimated expected losses reflect historical average loss experience based on internal observations for auto loans and based on external loss observations for marine and RV loans. ​ Management’s estimate of the allowance for credit losses on loans that are collectively evaluated also includes a qualitative assessment of available information relevant to assessing collectability that is not captured in the loss estimation process. Factors considered by management include changes and expected changes in general market, economic and business conditions; the nature and volume of the loan portfolio; the volume and severity of delinquencies and adversely classified loan balances and the value of underlying collateral. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. The evaluation also considers the following risk characteristics that are inherent in the loan portfolio: ​
| ● | Commercial loans are comprised of mortgage loans on commercial real estate, real estate acquisition, development and constructions loans, and other business lending, and carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business or a real estate project and changes in the value of collateral. In addition to other risks associated with the ownership of real estate, the repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flows of the business or project. Construction loans, which include loans to individuals for the construction of a residence that generally will be occupied by the borrower, also bear the risk that the general contractor, who may or may not be a loan customer, may be unable to finish the construction project as planned because of financial pressure unrelated to the project. In addition, there is risk associated with the value of collateral other than real estate which may depreciate over time and cannot be appraised with as much precision.
| ● | Consumer loans are comprised primarily of residential mortgage loans and home equity lines secured by residential real estate and carry risks associated with the continued credit-worthiness of the borrower and changes in the value of the collateral.
| ● | Consumer finance loans are comprised of indirect financing for purchases of automobiles and marine and RVs and carry risks associated with the continued credit-worthiness of the borrower and changes in the value of the collateral, which are typically rapidly-depreciating vehicles. Consumer finance loans are more likely than real estate loans to be immediately adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy.
Loans that do not share common risk characteristics with other loans are evaluated individually and are not included in the collective analysis. The allowance for credit losses on loans that are individually evaluated may be estimated based on their expected cash flows, or, in the case of loans for which repayment is expected substantially through the operation or sale of collateral when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, may be measured based on the fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell.
Reserve for Unfunded Commitments | Reserve for Unfunded Commitments: The Corporation records a reserve, reported in other liabilities, for expected credit losses on commitments to extend credit that are not unconditionally cancelable by the Corporation. The reserve for unfunded commitments is measured based on the principles utilized in estimating the allowance for credit losses on loans and an estimate of the amount of unfunded commitments expected to be advanced. Changes in the reserve for unfunded commitments are recorded through the provision for credit losses.
Allowance for Indemnifications | Allowance for Indemnifications: The allowance for indemnifications is established through charges to earnings in the form of a provision for indemnifications, which is included in other noninterest expenses. A loss is charged against the allowance for indemnifications when a purchaser of a loan (investor) sold by the mortgage banking segment incurs a validated indemnified loss due to borrower misrepresentation, fraud, early payment default or underwriting error. ​ The allowance represents an amount that, in management’s judgment, will be adequate to absorb any losses that are probable of arising from valid indemnification requests for loans that have been sold by the mortgage banking segment. Management’s judgment in determining the level of the allowance is based on the volume of loans sold, historical experience, current economic conditions, changes in operational and compliance processes, and information provided by investors. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.
Other Real Estate Owned (OREO) | Other Real Estate Owned (OREO): Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, foreclosure are held for sale and are initially recorded at fair value less estimated costs to sell at the date of foreclosure. Physical possession of residential real estate securing consumer mortgage loans occurs when legal title is obtained upon completion of foreclosure or when the borrower conveys all interest in the property to satisfy the loan through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or similar legal agreement. Subsequent to foreclosure, management periodically performs valuations of the foreclosed assets based on updated appraisals, general market conditions, recent sales of similar properties, length of time the properties have been held, and our ability and intention with regard to continued ownership of the properties. The Corporation may incur additional write-downs of foreclosed assets to fair value less estimated costs to sell if valuations indicate a further deterioration in market conditions. Revenue and expenses from operations and changes in the property valuations are included in other noninterest expenses and improvements are capitalized. ​ The Corporation records a gain/loss from the sale of OREO when control of the property transfers to the buyer, which generally occurs at the time of an executed deed. When the Corporation finances the sale of OREO to the buyer, the Corporation assesses whether the buyer is committed to perform the obligations under the contract and whether collectability of the transaction price is probable. In determining the gain/loss on the sale, the Corporation adjusts the transaction price and the related gain/loss on sale if a significant financing component is present.
Repossessed Assets | Repossessed Assets: Repossessed assets primarily consist of vehicles repossessed by C&F Finance due to borrowers’ payment defaults. The repossession process is generally initiated after a loan becomes more than 60 days delinquent. Most customers have an opportunity to redeem their repossessed vehicles by paying all outstanding balances, including finance charges and fees. Vehicles that are not redeemed within a prescribed waiting period following repossession are then reclassified from loans to repossessed assets available-for-sale (included in other assets) and recorded initially at fair value less estimated costs to sell. The difference between the carrying amount of each loan and the fair value of the vehicle (i.e., the deficiency) is charged against the allowance for credit losses. The waiting period is determined as the length of time after repossession that C&F Finance is prohibited to sell the vehicle under the laws of the state where the vehicle was repossessed. Accounts still in process of collection or for which the Corporation does not have the legal right to sell continue to be classified as loans until such legal authority is obtained. At December 31, 2023, repossessed vehicles at fair value less estimated costs to sell included in other assets totaled $646,000, compared to $352,000 at December 31, 2022. ​ Repossession expense includes the costs to repossess and sell vehicles. These costs include transportation, storage, rekeying, condition reports, legal fees, fees paid to repossession agents and auction fees. These costs are included in noninterest expenses.
Corporate Premises and Equipment | Corporate Premises and Equipment: Land is carried at cost. Buildings and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation computed using a straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Estimated useful lives range from ten to forty years for buildings and from three to ten years for equipment, furniture and fixtures. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the life of the related lease or the estimated useful life of the related asset. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred and major improvements are capitalized. Upon sale or retirement of depreciable properties, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are netted against proceeds and any resulting gain or loss is included in income.
Goodwill | Goodwill: The Corporation’s goodwill was recognized in connection with past business combinations and is reported at the community banking segment and the consumer finance segment. The Corporation reviews the carrying value of goodwill at least annually or more frequently if certain impairment indicators exist. In testing goodwill for impairment, the Corporation may first consider qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances lead to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events and circumstances, we conclude that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then no further testing is required and the goodwill of the reporting unit is not impaired. If the Corporation elects to bypass the qualitative assessment or if we conclude that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the fair value of the reporting unit is compared with its carrying amount to determine whether an impairment exists. ​
Transfer of Financial Assets | Transfer of Financial Assets: Transfers of loans are accounted for as sales when control over the loans has been surrendered. Control over transferred loans is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the loans have been isolated from the Corporation, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred loans and (3) the Corporation does not maintain effective control over the transferred loans through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.
Income Taxes | Income Taxes: The Corporation determines deferred income tax assets and liabilities based on temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Income tax expense includes taxes on income or loss that is taxable in the period and changes during the period in deferred tax assets and liabilities. The effects of changes in tax law are recognized in income tax expense in the period in which the changes are enacted. ​ C&F Bank invests in qualified affordable housing projects through housing equity funds, the purpose of which is to encourage investment in low-income residential property development in Virginia by providing a return on investment through federal income tax credits and other tax benefits on losses generated by the projects. C&F Bank recognizes its share of losses on these projects as a component of income tax expense. ​ The benefit of an uncertain tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination by the applicable taxing authority, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. Interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits are recognized as a component of income tax expense.
Retirement Plan | Retirement Plan: The Corporation recognizes the overfunded or underfunded status of its defined benefit pension plan as an asset or liability in its Consolidated Balance Sheets, measured as the difference between plan assets at fair value and the projected benefit obligation as of December 31. Net periodic pension cost or income is recorded each period based on actuarially determined amounts in accordance with GAAP and recognized in salaries and employment benefits and other noninterest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Actuarial determinations of net periodic pension cost are based on assumptions related to discount rates, rates of return on plan assets, employee compensation and mortality and interest crediting rates. Other changes in the overfunded or underfunded status of the pension plan are recorded in the year in which the changes occur through other comprehensive income (loss). The Corporation records lump sum benefit payments as a settlement of a portion of its pension benefit obligation only if, in the aggregate for a given year, they exceed the sum of the annual service cost and interest cost for the pension plan. Upon recognition of any settlement, a related portion of unrecognized actuarial gains or losses in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are reclassified into net income through net periodic pension cost. ​
Share-Based Compensation | Share-Based Compensation: Share-based compensation expense for grants of restricted shares is accounted for using the fair value of the Corporation’s common stock on the date the restricted shares are awarded. Compensation expense for restricted shares is charged to income ratably over the required service period. Forfeitures reduce compensation expense for the periods in which forfeitures actually occur. Income tax windfalls or shortfalls related to the amount deductible upon vesting of restricted stock awards is recorded in income tax expense in the period the stock awards become vested. ​
Earnings Per Share | Earnings Per Share: The Corporation applies the two-class method of computing basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS), which allocates a portion of undistributed earnings to the Corporation’s unvested restricted shares awarded to employees and non-employee directors. These restricted shares are participating securities which contain rights to nonforfeitable dividends prior to vesting. Accordingly, the weighted average number of shares outstanding used in the calculation of basic and diluted EPS includes both common shares and unvested restricted shares outstanding. EPS calculations are presented in Note 12.
Derivative Financial Instruments | Derivative Financial Instruments: The Corporation recognizes derivative financial instruments at fair value as either an other asset or other liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Corporation’s derivative financial instruments include (1) interest rate swaps that qualify and are designated as cash flow hedges on the Corporation’s trust preferred capital notes, (2) interest rate swaps with certain qualifying commercial loan customers and dealer counterparties and (3) interest rate contracts arising from mortgage banking activities, including interest rate lock commitments (IRLCs) on mortgage loans. The gain or loss on the Corporation’s cash flow hedges is reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss), net of deferred income taxes, and reclassified into earnings in the same period(s) during which the hedged transactions affect earnings. IRLCs and interest rate swaps with loan customers and dealer counterparties are not designated as hedging instruments, and therefore changes in the fair value of these instruments are reported as noninterest income. The Corporation’s derivative financial instruments are described more fully in Note 21. ​
Leases | Leases: The Corporation’s leases comprise primarily operating and financing leases of real estate and office equipment in which the Corporation or one of its subsidiaries is the lessee. The Corporation recognizes a lease liability and a right-of-use asset in connection with leases in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less. A lease liability represents the Corporation’s obligation to make future payments under lease contracts, and a right-of-use asset represents the Corporation’s right to control the use of the underlying property during the lease term. Lease liabilities and right-of-use assets are recognized upon commencement of a lease and measured as the present value of lease payments over the lease term, discounted at the incremental borrowing rate of the lessee. The Corporation has elected not to separate lease and nonlease components within the same contract and instead to account for the entire contract as a lease. ​
Service Charges on Deposit Accounts | Service Charges on Deposit Accounts: The Corporation earns fees from its deposit customers for overdraft and account maintenance services. Overdraft fees are recognized when the overdraft occurs. Account maintenance fees, which relate primarily to monthly maintenance, are earned over the course of a month, representing the period over which the Corporation satisfies the performance obligation.
Other Service Charges and Fees | Other Service Charges and Fees: The Corporation earns fees from its customers for transaction-based services. Such services include ATM, stop payment and wire transfer fees at the community banking segment and on-line payment processing fees at the consumer finance segment. In each case, these service charges and fees are recognized in income at the time or within the same period that the Corporation’s performance obligation is satisfied.
Interchange Income | Interchange Income: The Corporation earns interchange fees from debit and credit cardholder transactions conducted through various payment networks. Interchange fees from cardholder transactions represent a percentage of the underlying transaction value and are recognized daily, concurrently with the transaction processing services.
Wealth Management Services Income, Net | Wealth Management Services Income, Net: The Corporation earns revenue by providing wealth management services and health and life insurance products to its customers through third-party service providers. Fees that are transaction-based (e.g., execution of trades) are recognized on a monthly basis. Other fees and commissions are earned over time as services are provided and are generally assessed based on either account activity or the market value of assets under management at the end of each period. Fees and commissions collected from customers are reported net of related fees paid to the third-party service providers and presented in noninterest income.
Mortgage Lender Services Income | Mortgage Lender Services Income: The Corporation earns revenue by providing mortgage banking services to third-party mortgage lenders. The Corporation provides services related to originating and selling residential mortgage loans in the secondary market, including maintaining relationships with investors, underwriting loans, collecting and reviewing required documents, compliance with program requirements and regulations, and closing and post-closing services. Fees are billed to customers on the basis of the volume of closed loans, and income is recognized when performance obligations under contracts with customers are satisfied.
Recent Significant Accounting Pronouncements | Recent Significant Accounting Pronouncements: In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) – Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting.” Subsequently, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848. This guidance provides temporary, optional expedients and exceptions to ease the potential burden in accounting for modifications of loan contracts, borrowings, hedging relationships and other transactions related to reference rate reform associated with the LIBOR transition if certain criteria are met. The amendments are effective as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2024 and can be adopted at an instrument level. The Corporation has utilized certain optional expedients and exceptions under Topic 848 in the case of modifications to certain loans, borrowings and cash flow hedges during 2022 and 2023. These modifications have not had and are not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. ​ In November 2023, FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280) – Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” The amendments in ASU 2023-07 require that a public entity disclose, on an annual and interim basis, significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, require other segment items by reportable segment to be disclosed and a description of their composition, and require disclosure of the title and position of the chief operating decision maker and an explanation of how they use the reported measure of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. The amendments apply to all public entities that are required to report segment information in accordance with Topic 280, “Segment Reporting,” and are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods with fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments are to be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented. The Corporation does not expect the adoption of ASU 2023-07 to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements. ​ In November 2023, FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740) – Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” The amendments in ASU 2023-09 require that a public entity disclose, on an annual basis, specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold, the amount of income taxes paid disaggregated by federal, state and foreign taxes, and the amount of income taxes paid disaggregated by individual jurisdictions in which income taxes paid is equal to or granter than five percent of total income taxes paid. The amendments also require that entities disclose income from continuing operations before income tax expense disaggregated between domestic and foreign, as well as income tax expense from continuing operations disaggregated by federal, state and foreign. The amendments apply to all public entities that are subject to Topic 740, “Income Taxes,” and are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments are to be applied on a prospective basis; however, retrospective application is permitted. The Corporation does not expect the adoption of ASU 2023-09 to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements. ​ Other accounting standards that have been issued by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies are not currently expected to have a material effect on the Corporation’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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