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Stock Option Plan
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock Option Plan Stock Option Plan
2019 Incentive Award Plan
In September 2019, the Board of Directors adopted, and the Company's stockholders approved, the 2019 Plan. Under the 2019 Plan, which expires in September 2029, the Company may grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other awards to individuals who are then employees, officers, non-employee directors or consultants of the Company or its subsidiaries. The options generally expire ten years after the date of grant and are exercisable to the extent vested. Vesting is established by the Board of Directors and is generally four years from the date of grant or, for grants to new hires, date of hire. The 2019 Plan contains an "evergreen provision" that allows annual increases in the number of shares available for issuance on the first day of each calendar year through January 1, 2029 in an amount equal to the lesser of: (i) 4% of the outstanding capital
stock on each December 31st, or (ii) such lesser amount determined by the Board of Directors. As of September 30, 2023, 1,746,478 shares of common stock remained available for future awards under the 2019 Plan.
2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In September 2019, the Board of Directors adopted, and the Company's stockholders approved, the ESPP. The ESPP became effective on the day the ESPP was adopted by the Company's Board of Directors. The ESPP permits participants to purchase common stock through payroll deductions of up to 20% of their eligible compensation. The number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the ESPP will be annually increased on the first day of each calendar year during the term of the ESPP through January 1, 2029 in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) 1% of the outstanding capital stock on each December 31st, or (ii) such lesser amount determined by the Board of Directors. As of September 30, 2023, 449,332 shares of common stock remained available for issuance under the ESPP.
Stock Options
Stock option activity under the Company's 2019 Plan is set forth below:
 
Number of
Options		Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price		Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)		Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value (in thousands)
Outstanding, December 31, 20221,421,235 $12.94 7.09$483 
Granted73,500 $3.04 
Exercised(93,335)$0.26 
Forfeited(34,450)$14.25 
Expired(362,095)$17.00 
Outstanding, September 30, 2023
1,004,855 $11.88 6.69$286 
Vested and expected to vest, September 30, 2023
1,004,855 $11.88 6.69$286 
Options exercisable, September 30, 2023
862,667 $12.37 6.41$286 
The intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the fair value of the Company's common stock and the exercise price of the stock options. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $0.2 million. There were no options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. As of September 30, 2023, total unrecognized compensation cost related to option awards was $0.6 million, which is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average vesting period of 0.97 years.
Restricted Stock Units
Restricted stock unit activity under the Company's 2019 Plan is set forth below:
Number of
Shares		Weighted-
Average
Grant Date Fair Value		Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value (in thousands)
Outstanding, December 31, 20221,036,208 $7.28 $2,487 
Awards granted831,700 $2.42 
Awards released(159,272)$11.63 
Awards canceled(140,524)$7.80 
Outstanding, September 30, 2023
1,568,112 $4.21 $3,795 
As of September 30, 2023, all of the outstanding restricted stock units were unvested. The fair value of restricted stock units vested in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $0.4 million and $0.7 million, respectively. The weighted average grant date fair value for restricted stock units granted in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $2.42 and $8.61, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, total unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock units was $5.3 million, which is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average vesting period of 3.1 years.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
Total non-cash stock-based compensation expense recorded related to options granted, restricted stock units granted and stock purchase rights granted under the ESPP in the condensed statements of operations is as follows (in thousands):
 
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2023202220232022
Costs of revenue$45 $56 $161 $159 
Selling, general and administrative792 1,085 2,497 3,406 
Research and development53 165 196 557 
Total$890 $1,306 $2,854 $4,122