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Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2015
Notes to Financial Statements |
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Text Block] |
1. | ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Organization — In this document, terms such as the “company”, “we”, “us”, “our” and “ISC” refer to Intelligent Systems Corporation, a Georgia corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries. Consolidation — The financial statements include the accounts of Intelligent Systems Corporation and its majority owned and controlled U.S. and non-U.S. subsidiary companies after elimination of material inter-company accounts and transactions. Nature of Operations — As further explained in Note 2, on March 31, 2015, we sold our largest operating subsidiary, ChemFree Corporation. Accordingly, we have retroactively classified the ChemFree operations as discontinued operations in all periods presented. Our continuing operations consist primarily of our CoreCard Software, Inc. (“CoreCard”) subsidiary and its affiliate companies in Romania and India, as well as the corporate office which provides significant administrative, human resources and executive management support to CoreCard. CoreCard provides technology solutions and processing services to the financial technology and services market, commonly referred to as the FinTech industry. Use of Estimates — In preparing the financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. These estimates and assumptions also affect amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Areas where we use estimates and make assumptions are to determine our allowance for doubtful accounts, valuation of our investments, depreciation and amortization expense, accrued expenses and deferred income taxes. Translation of Foreign Currencies — We consider that the respective local currencies are the functional currencies for our foreign operations. We translate assets and liabilities to U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates. We translate income and expense items at average rates of exchange prevailing during the period. Translation adjustments are recorded as accumulated other comprehensive gain or loss as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Upon sale of an investment in a foreign operation, the currency translation adjustment component attributable to that operation is removed from accumulated other comprehensive loss and is reported as part of gain or loss on sale of discontinued operations. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts — Accounts receivable are customer obligations due under normal trade terms. They are stated at the amount management expects to collect. We sell our software products and transaction processing services to companies involved in a variety of industries that provide some form of credit or prepaid financing options or perform financial services. We perform continuing credit evaluations of our customers’ financial condition and we do not require collateral. The amount of accounting loss for which we are at risk in these unsecured receivables is limited to their carrying value. Senior management reviews accounts receivable on a regular basis to determine if any receivables will potentially be uncollectible. We include any accounts receivable balances that are estimated to be uncollectible in our overall allowance for doubtful accounts. After all attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance. Based on the information available to us, we believe our allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2015 is adequate. However, actual write-offs might exceed the recorded allowance. Refer to Note 5. Marketable Securities — Our marketable securities, which are classified as available-for-sale, are stated at fair value, and primarily consist of investments in exchange traded funds comprised of dividend paying companies. The fair value of the marketable securities is $396,000 at December 31, 2015; an unrealized loss of $68,000 is included in other comprehensive income. The fair value of the marketable securities was $463,000 at December 31, 2014; an unrealized loss of $20,000 was included in other comprehensive income. Property and Equipment — Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the related asset. Upon retirement or sale, the cost of assets disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is credited or charged to income. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. We continually evaluate whether events and circumstances have occurred that indicate the remaining estimated useful life of property and equipment may warrant revision, or that the remaining balance of these assets may not be recoverable. An asset is considered to be impaired when its carrying amount exceeds the sum of the undiscounted future net cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. The amount of the impairment loss, if any, which is equal to the amount by which the carrying value exceeds its fair value, is charged to current operations. For each of the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, no such impairment existed.
Classification |  | Useful life in years |
Machinery and equipment |  | 3 | - | 5 |
Furniture and fixtures |  | 5 | - | 7 |
Leasehold improvements |  | 1 | - | 5 |
Building |  |  | 39 |  |
The cost of each major class of property and equipment at December 31, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:
(in thousands) |  | 201 5 |  |  | 201 4 |
Machinery and equipment |  | $ | 2,178 |  |  | $ | 1,911 |
Furniture and fixtures |  |  | 197 |  |  |  | 192 |
Leasehold improvements |  |  | 258 |  |  |  | 258 |
Building |  |  | 308 |  |  |  | 308 |
Subtotal |  |  | 2,941 |  |  |  | 2,669 |
Accumulated depreciation |  |  | (2,305 | ) |  |  | (2,088 | )
Property and equipment, net |  | $ | 636 |  |  | $ | 581 |
Depreciation expense for continuing operations was $217,000 and $155,000 in 2015 and 2014, respectively. These expenses are included in general and administrative expenses or, for assets associated with our processing data centers, are included in cost of services. Following the sale of our ChemFree subsidiary in March 2015, we no longer have any leased equipment or lease rental income. Investments — For entities in which we have a 20 to 50 percent ownership interest and over which we exercise significant influence, but do not have control, we account for investments in privately-held companies under the equity method, whereby we record our proportional share of the investee’s net income or net loss as an adjustment to the carrying value of the investment. We account for investments of less than 20 percent in non-marketable equity securities of corporations at the lower of cost or market. Our policy with respect to investments is to record an impairment charge when we believe an investment has experienced a decline in value that is other than temporary. At least quarterly, we review our investments to determine any impairment in their carrying value and we write-down any impaired asset at quarter-end to our best estimate of its current realizable value. Any such charges could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations and are generally not predictable in advance. During the year ended December 31, 2015, we recognized $1,247,000 of investment income, net, principally related to a gain of $2,034,000 on the sale of one of our cost method investments which was offset in part by an impairment charge of $792,000 to reduce the carrying value of our equity method investment to $100,000, management’s estimate of realizable value. During the year ended December 31, 2014, we recognized $145,000 on the sale of one of our cost method investments and we also took a net impairment charge of $17,000 to reduce the carrying value of another cost method investment to zero, management’s estimate of realizable value. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, the aggregate value of investments was $1,015,000 and $1,605,000, respectively. Patents — Following the sale of our ChemFree subsidiary, we no longer have any undepreciated patent assets on our balance sheet and no amortization expense for continuing operations. Fair Value of Financial Instruments — The carrying value of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and certain other financial instruments (such as accrued expenses and other current assets and liabilities) included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets approximates their fair value principally due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and trade accounts. Our available cash is held in accounts managed by third-party financial institutions. Cash may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC, insurance limits. While we monitor cash balances on a regular basis and adjust the balances as appropriate, these balances could be impacted if the underlying financial institutions fail. To date, we have experienced no loss or lack of access to our cash; however, we can provide no assurances that access to our cash will not be impacted by adverse conditions in the financial markets. A concentration of credit risk may exist with respect to trade receivables, as a substantial portion of our customers are concentrated in the financial services industry. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of customers worldwide and do not require collateral from our customers. Historically, we have not experienced significant losses related to receivables from individual customers or groups of customers in any particular industry or geographic area. Fair Value Measurements — In determining fair value, we use quoted market prices in active markets. Generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) establishes a fair value measurement framework, provides a single definition of fair value, and requires expanded disclosure summarizing fair value measurements. GAAP emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity specific measurement. Therefore, a fair value measurement should be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. GAAP establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable input be used when available. Observable inputs are based on data obtained from sources independent of the company that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the company’s assumptions about the estimates market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is measured in three levels based on the reliability of inputs: • Level 1 Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the company has the ability to access. Valuation adjustments and block discounts are not applied to Level 1 instruments. • Level 2 Valuations based on quoted prices in less active, dealer or broker markets. Fair values are primarily obtained from third party pricing services for identical or comparable assets or liabilities. • Level 3 Valuations derived from other valuation methodologies, including pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques, and not based on market, exchange, dealer, or broker-traded transactions. Level 3 valuations incorporate certain assumptions and projections that are not observable in the market and significant professional judgment is needed in determining the fair value assigned to such assets or liabilities. In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Our available-for-sale investments are classified within level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. The fair value of equity method and cost method investments has not been determined as it is impracticable to do so due to the fact that the investee companies are relatively small, early stage private companies for which there is no comparable valuation data available without unreasonable time and expense. Revenue Recognition — Product revenue consists of fees from software licenses. Service revenue consists of fees for processing services; professional services for software customization, consulting, training; reimbursable expenses; and software maintenance and customer support. Our software license arrangements generally fall into one of the following four categories:
● | an initial contract with the customer to license certain software modules, to provide services to get the customer live on the software (such as training and customization) and to provide post contract support (“PCS”) for a specified period of time thereafter (typically three months),
● | purchase of additional licenses for new modules or for tier upgrades for a higher volume of licensed accounts after the initial contract,
● | other optional standalone contracts, usually performed after the customer is live on the software, for services such as new interfaces or custom features requested by the customer, additional training and problem resolution not covered in annual maintenance contracts, and
● | contracts for certain licensed software products that involve an initial fee plus recurring monthly fees during the contract life.
We review each contract to determine if multiple elements exist. As such, only arrangements under the initial contract described above contain multiple elements. Our revenue recognition policies for each of the situations described above are discussed below. Presently, our initial software contracts do not meet the criteria for separate accounting because the software usually requires significant modification or customization that is essential to its functionality. At present, we use the completed contract method to account for our contracts as we do not have an adequate basis on which to prepare reliable estimates of percentage-of-completion for these contracts. Moreover, there are inherent hazards with software implementations, such as changes in customer requirements or software defects, that make estimates unreliable. Accordingly, software revenue related to the license and the specified service elements (except for PCS) in the initial contract are recognized at the completion of the contract, when (i) there are no material uncertainties regarding customer acceptance, (ii) cancellation provisions, if any, have expired and (iii) there are no significant obligations remaining. We account for the PCS element contained in the initial contract based on vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value, which are annual renewal fees for such services, and PCS is recognized ratably on a straight-line basis over the period specified in the contract. Upon renewal of the PCS contract by the customer, we recognize revenues ratably on a straight-line basis over the period specified in the PCS contract. All of our software customers purchase software maintenance and support contracts and renew such contracts annually. Purchases of additional licenses for tier upgrades or additional modules are generally recognized as license revenue in the period in which the purchase is made for perpetual licenses or ratably over the remaining contract term for non-perpetual licenses. Services provided under standalone contracts that are optional to the customer and are outside of the scope of the initial contract are single element services contracts. These standalone services contracts are not essential to the functionality of the software contained in the initial contract and generally do not include acceptance clauses or refund rights as may be included in the initial software contracts, as described above. Revenues from these services contracts, which are generally performed within a relatively short period of time, are recognized when the services are complete. For contracts for licensed software which include an initial fee plus recurring monthly fees for software usage, maintenance and support, we recognize the total fees ratably on a straight line basis over the estimated life of the contract as product revenue since there is no Vendor Specific Objective Evidence (VSOE) for the maintenance and support services. For processing services which include an initial fee plus recurring monthly fees for services, we recognize the initial fees ratably on a straight line basis over the estimated life of the contract as services revenue. Revenue is recorded net of applicable sales tax. Deferred Revenue — Deferred revenue consists of advance payments by software customers for annual or quarterly PCS, advance payments from customers for software licenses and professional services not yet delivered, and initial implementation payments for processing services or bundled license and support services in multi-year contracts. We do not anticipate any loss under these arrangements. Deferred revenue is classified as long-term until such time that it becomes likely that the services or products will be provided within 12 months of the balance sheet date. Cost of Revenue — For cost of revenue for software contracts, we capitalize the contract specific direct costs, which are included in other current assets and other long-term assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and recognize the costs when the associated revenue is recognized. Cost of revenue for services includes direct cost of services rendered, including reimbursed expenses, pass-through third party costs, and data center and compliance costs for processing services. We also capitalize the initial implementation fees for processing services contracts and recognize the costs over the life of the contract, when the corresponding revenue is recognized. Software Development Expense — Research and development costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. Contract specific software development costs are capitalized and recognized when the related contract revenue is recognized. Warranty Costs — Following the sale of our ChemFree subsidiary, we do not provide for estimated costs associated with the industrial product warranties. The warranty related to software license contracts consists of a defined number of months (usually three) of PCS after the go-live date, which is accrued as of the go-live date and recognized over the warranty period. Legal Expense — Legal expenses for continuing operations are recorded as a component of general and administrative expense in the period in which such expenses are incurred. In 2015, legal expenses associated with the sale of our ChemFree subsidiary were included as a component of the transaction related expenses in determining the gain on the sale of discontinued operations. Research and Development — Research and development costs consist principally of compensation and benefits paid to certain company employees and certain other direct costs. All research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Stock Based Compensation — We record compensation cost related to unvested stock-based awards by recognizing the unamortized grant date fair value on a straight line basis over the vesting periods of each award. We have estimated forfeiture rates based on our historical experience. Stock option compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 has been recognized as a component of general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements. We recorded $19,000 and $49,000 of stock-based compensation expense in the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. In the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, a total of 12,000 and 16,000 options, respectively, were granted pursuant to the 2011 Non-employee Directors Stock Option Plan. The fair value of each option granted in 2015 and 2014 has been estimated as of the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:
Year ended December 31, |  | 201 5 |  |  | 2 014 |
Risk free interest rate |  |  | 2.7 | % |  |  | 2.5 | %
Expected life of option in years |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 10 |
Expected dividend yield rate |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | 0 | %
Expected volatility |  |  | 66 | % |  |  | 73 | %
Under these assumptions, the weighted average fair value of options granted in 2015 and 2014 was $2.10 and $1.06 per share, respectively. The fair value of the grants is being amortized over the vesting period for the options. All of the company’s stock-based compensation expense relates to stock options. The total remaining unrecognized compensation cost at December 31, 2015 related to unvested options amounted to $23,000 and is expected to be recognized over 2016 and 2017. Income Taxes — We utilize the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. As such, deferred tax assets and liabilities are established to recognize the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of the existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and for net tax operating loss carryforwards. We follow the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board accounting guidance on accounting for uncertain tax positions. Accordingly, assets and liabilities are recognized for a tax position, based solely on its technical merits that is believed to be more likely than not to be fully sustainable upon examination. Accrued interest relating to uncertain tax positions is recorded as a component of interest expense and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recorded as a component of general and administrative expense. Comprehensive Income (Loss) — Comprehensive income (loss) represents net income (loss) adjusted for the results of certain stockholders’ equity changes not reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. These items are accumulated over time as “accumulated other comprehensive loss” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and consist primarily of net earnings/loss and foreign currency translation adjustments associated with foreign operations that use the local currency as their functional currency and unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities. Reclassifications — Certain prior year numbers have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Recent Accounting Pronouncements — In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) and in August 2015 issued ASU 2015-14 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date which amended existing guidance related to revenue from contracts with customers. This amendment supersedes and replaces nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance, establishes a new control-based revenue recognition model, changes the basis for deciding when revenue is recognized over time or at a point in time, provides new and more detailed guidance on specific topics and expands and improves disclosures about revenue. In addition, this amendment specifies the accounting for some costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer. These amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. Early application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning one year after the annual reporting period in which the entity first applies the guidance of ASU 2014-09. The amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized at the date of initial application. We are currently evaluating the impact of this new accounting standard on our consolidated financial statements. In January 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-01, Income Statement - Extraordinary and Unusual Items (Subtopic 225-20) - Simplifying Income Statement Presentation by Eliminating the Concepts of Extraordinary Items. ASU 2015-01 eliminates from U.S. GAAP the concept of extraordinary items, which, among other things, required an entity to segregate extraordinary items considered to be unusual and infrequent from the results of ordinary operations and show the item separately in the income statement, net of tax, after income from continuing operations. ASU 2015-01 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015 and is not expected to have a material effect on our operating results or financial condition. In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10). The amendments in this Update require all equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized through net income (other than those accounted for under equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee). The amendments in this Update also require an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments. In addition the amendments in this Update eliminate certain disclosure requirements. The amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating the impact of this new accounting guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

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