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Fair Value Measurements | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements Fair Value Hierarchy—Our financial instruments measured at fair value either on a recurring or a non-recurring basis are classified in a hierarchy for disclosure purposes consisting of three levels based on the observability of inputs in the market place as discussed below:
• | Level 1: Fair value measurements that are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that we have the ability to access for identical assets or liabilities. Market price data generally is obtained from exchange or dealer markets.
• | Level 2: Fair value measurements based on inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.
• | Level 3: Fair value measurements based on valuation techniques that use significant inputs that are unobservable. The circumstances for using these measurements include those in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability.
The fair value of interest rate caps is determined using the market standard methodology of discounting the future expected cash receipts that would occur if variable interest rates rise above the strike rates of the caps. The variable interest rates used in the calculation of projected receipts on the caps are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves (LIBOR forward curves) and volatilities (the Level 2 inputs). We also incorporate credit valuation adjustments (the Level 3 inputs) to appropriately reflect both our own non-performance risk and the respective counterparty’s non-performance risk. Fair value of credit default swaps are obtained from a third party who publishes various information including the index composition and price data (Level 2 inputs). The fair value of credit default swaps does not contain credit-risk-related adjustments as the change in fair value is settled net through posting cash collateral or reclaiming cash collateral between us and our counterparty. The fair value of interest rate floors is calculated using a third-party discounted cash flow model based on future cash flows that are expected to be received over the remaining life of the floor. These expected future cash flows are probability-weighted projections based on the contract terms, accounting for both the magnitude and likelihood of potential payments, which are both computed using the appropriate LIBOR forward curve and market implied volatilities as of the valuation date (Level 2 inputs). The fair value of options on futures contracts is determined based on the last reported settlement price as of the measurement date (Level 1 inputs). These exchange-traded options are centrally cleared, and a clearinghouse stands in between all trades to ensure that the obligations involved in the trades are satisfied. When a majority of the inputs used to value our derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. However, when the valuation adjustments associated with our derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads, to evaluate the likelihood of default by us and our counter-parties, which we consider significant (10% or more) to the overall valuation of our derivatives, the derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Transfers of inputs between levels are determined at the end of each reporting period. In determining the fair values of our derivatives at December 31, 2017, the LIBOR interest rate forward curve (Level 2 inputs) assumed an uptrend from 1.564% to 2.184% for the remaining term of our derivatives. Credit spreads (Level 3 inputs) used in determining the fair values of hedge and non-hedge designated derivatives assumed an uptrend in nonperformance risk for us and all of our counterparties through the maturity dates. Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis The following tables present our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis aggregated by the level within which measurements fall in the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
| Quoted Market Prices (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting(1) |  | Total |
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate derivatives - floors | $ | — |  |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 130 |  |
Interest rate derivatives - caps | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |
Credit default swaps | — |  |  | 102 |  |  | — |  |  | 358 |  |  | 460 |  |
| — |  |  | 224 |  |  | — |  |  | 370 |  |  | $ | 594 |  | (2)
Non-derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment in Ashford Inc. | 18,124 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,124 |  |
Total | $ | 18,124 |  |  | $ | 224 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 370 |  |  | $ | 18,718 |  |
| Quoted Market Prices (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting(1) |  | Total |
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate derivatives - floors | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,091 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,091 |  |
Options on futures contracts | 58 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 58 |  |
| 58 |  |  | 1,091 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,149 |  | (2)
Non-derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment in Ashford Inc. | 8,407 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,407 |  |
Total | $ | 8,465 |  |  | $ | 1,091 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,556 |  |
__________________
(1) | Represents net cash collateral posted between us and our counterparties.
(2) | Reported as “derivative assets” in our consolidated balance sheets.
Effect of Fair Value Measured Assets and Liabilities on Consolidated Statements of Operations The following table summarizes the effect of fair value measured assets and liabilities on our consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):
| Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income (Loss)
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate derivatives - floors | $ | (1,113 | ) |  | $ | 513 |  |  | $ | (2,963 | ) |
Interest rate derivatives - caps | (371 | ) |  | (71 | ) |  | (94 | ) |
Credit default swaps | (785 | ) | (1) | — |  |  | — |  |
Equity put options | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,017 | ) |
Equity call options | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23 |  |
Options on futures contracts | (58 | ) |  | (173 | ) |  | (195 | ) |
Non-derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment in Ashford Inc. | 9,717 |  |  | (1,970 | ) |  | (7,609 | ) |
Equity - American Depositary Receipt | — |  |  | — |  |  | (75 | ) |
Equity securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 560 |  |
U.S. treasury securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 53 |  |
Total | 7,390 |  |  | (1,701 | ) |  | (11,317 | ) |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Short equity put options | — |  |  | — |  |  | 680 |  |
Short equity call options | — |  |  | — |  |  | 844 |  |
Net | $ | 7,390 |  |  | $ | (1,701 | ) |  | $ | (9,793 | ) |
Total combined |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate derivatives - floors | $ | (1,113 | ) |  | $ | 513 |  |  | $ | (2,963 | ) |
Interest rate derivatives - caps | (371 | ) |  | (71 | ) |  | (94 | ) |
Credit default swaps | (785 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Options on futures contracts | 213 |  |  | (17 | ) |  | (195 | ) |
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives | (2,056 | ) |  | 425 |  |  | (3,252 | ) |
Realized gain (loss) on options on futures contracts | (271 | ) | (2) | (156 | ) | (2) | — |  |
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment in Ashford Inc. | 9,717 |  |  | (1,970 | ) |  | (7,609 | ) |
Realized gain (loss) on marketable securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,068 |  | (2)
Net | $ | 7,390 |  |  | $ | (1,701 | ) |  | $ | (9,793 | ) |
__________________
(1) | Excludes costs of $106 associated with credit default swaps for the year ended December 31, 2017 included in “other income (expense)” in our consolidated statements of operations.
(2) | Included in “other income (expense)” in our consolidated statements of operations.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2155941 + Details
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