10-Q 1 bhr2018q310-q.htm 10-Q

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

þ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018
OR

¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________________ to ________________
Commission file number: 001-35972
BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland |  | 46-2488594
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (IRS employer identification number)
14185 Dallas Parkway, Suite 1100 |  |
Dallas, Texas |  | 75254
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip code)

(972) 490-9600
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. þ Yes ¨ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). þ Yes ¨ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “small reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ¨ | Accelerated filer | þ
Non-accelerated filer | ¨ | Smaller reporting company | ¨
|  | Emerging growth company | þ

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ¨ Yes þ No
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share |  | 32,512,029
(Class) |  | Outstanding at November 5, 2018

BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC.
FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) |
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 | 2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 | 3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 | 4
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Equity for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 | 5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 | 6
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 8
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 34
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK | 54
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 55
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION |
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | 55
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS | 55
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS | 55
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES | 56
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES | 56
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION | 56
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS | 56
SIGNATURES | 58

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(unaudited, in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

|  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
ASSETS |  |  |  |
Investments in hotel properties, gross |  | $ | 1,536,078 |  |  | $ | 1,403,110 |
Accumulated depreciation |  | (252,686 | ) |  | (257,268 | )
Investments in hotel properties, net |  | 1,283,392 |  |  | 1,145,842 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 163,825 |  |  | 137,522 |
Restricted cash |  | 74,973 |  |  | 47,820 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $129 and $94, respectively |  | 23,715 |  |  | 14,334 |
Insurance receivable |  | — |  |  | 8,825 |
Inventories |  | 1,836 |  |  | 1,425 |
Note receivable |  | — |  |  | 8,098 |
Deferred costs, net |  | 387 |  |  | 656 |
Prepaid expenses |  | 5,966 |  |  | 3,670 |
Investment in Ashford Inc., at fair value |  | 14,786 |  |  | 18,124 |
Investment in unconsolidated entity |  | 1,854 |  |  | — |
Derivative assets |  | 827 |  |  | 594 |
Other assets |  | 8,486 |  |  | 9,426 |
Intangible assets, net |  | 27,836 |  |  | 22,545 |
Due from related party, net |  | — |  |  | 349 |
Due from third-party hotel managers |  | 1,960 |  |  | 4,589 |
Total assets |  | $ | 1,609,843 |  |  | $ | 1,423,819 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  |  |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |
Indebtedness, net |  | $ | 985,716 |  |  | $ | 820,959 |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  | 67,441 |  |  | 56,803 |
Dividends and distributions payable |  | 8,840 |  |  | 8,146 |
Due to Ashford Inc. |  | 3,182 |  |  | 1,703 |
Due to related party, net |  | 8 |  |  | — |
Due to third-party hotel managers |  | 2,608 |  |  | 1,709 |
Intangible liability, net |  | — |  |  | 3,569 |
Other liabilities |  | 16,734 |  |  | 1,628 |
Total liabilities |  | 1,084,529 |  |  | 894,517 |
Commitments and contingencies (note 16) |  |  |  |
5.50% Series B cumulative convertible preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 4,965,850 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 |  | 106,123 |  |  | 106,123 |
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership |  | 49,726 |  |  | 46,627 |
Equity: |  |  |  |
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 32,523,680 and 32,120,210 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively |  | 325 |  |  | 321 |
Additional paid-in capital |  | 474,043 |  |  | 469,791 |
Accumulated deficit |  | (99,238 | ) |  | (88,807 | )
Total stockholders’ equity of the Company |  | 375,130 |  |  | 381,305 |
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated entities |  | (5,665 | ) |  | (4,753 | )
Total equity |  | 369,465 |  |  | 376,552 |
Total liabilities and equity |  | $ | 1,609,843 |  |  | $ | 1,423,819 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Table of Contents
BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(unaudited, in thousands, except per share amounts)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
REVENUE |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rooms | $ | 74,358 |  |  | $ | 77,336 |  |  | $ | 218,304 |  |  | $ | 224,203 |
Food and beverage | 21,171 |  |  | 23,147 |  |  | 70,064 |  |  | 75,600 |
Other | 13,317 |  |  | 7,597 |  |  | 44,085 |  |  | 21,588 |
Total hotel revenue | 108,846 |  |  | 108,080 |  |  | 332,453 |  |  | 321,391 |
Other | — |  |  | 39 |  |  | — |  |  | 116 |
Total revenue | 108,846 |  |  | 108,119 |  |  | 332,453 |  |  | 321,507 |
EXPENSES |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hotel operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rooms | 16,624 |  |  | 17,698 |  |  | 48,194 |  |  | 51,108 |
Food and beverage | 16,171 |  |  | 17,766 |  |  | 49,078 |  |  | 53,890 |
Other expenses | 32,058 |  |  | 35,182 |  |  | 95,490 |  |  | 94,934 |
Management fees | 3,963 |  |  | 3,889 |  |  | 12,081 |  |  | 11,643 |
Total hotel expenses | 68,816 |  |  | 74,535 |  |  | 204,843 |  |  | 211,575 |
Property taxes, insurance and other | 6,835 |  |  | 5,197 |  |  | 18,516 |  |  | 15,641 |
Depreciation and amortization | 14,474 |  |  | 14,133 |  |  | 42,291 |  |  | 39,573 |
Impairment charges | — |  |  | 1,008 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 1,008 |
Advisory services fee | 5,733 |  |  | 1,814 |  |  | 15,857 |  |  | 5,822 |
Contract modification cost | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,000 |
Transaction costs | — |  |  | 244 |  |  | 949 |  |  | 6,638 |
Corporate general and administrative | 1,765 |  |  | 1,602 |  |  | 2,999 |  |  | 7,007 |
Total expenses | 97,623 |  |  | 98,533 |  |  | 285,526 |  |  | 292,264 |
OPERATING INCOME (LOSS) | 11,223 |  |  | 9,586 |  |  | 46,927 |  |  | 29,243 |
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated entity | (81 | ) |  | — |  |  | (146 | ) |  | — |
Interest income | 540 |  |  | 198 |  |  | 970 |  |  | 475 |
Gain (loss) on sale of hotel property | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15,711 |  |  | — |
Other income (expense) | (64 | ) |  | (22 | ) |  | (190 | ) |  | (292 | )
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs | (13,084 | ) |  | (10,610 | ) |  | (35,941 | ) |  | (28,743 | )
Write-off of loan costs and exit fees | — |  |  | (380 | ) |  | (4,178 | ) |  | (2,343 | )
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment in Ashford Inc. | 2,158 |  |  | 1,875 |  |  | (3,338 | ) |  | 3,403 |
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives | (578 | ) |  | (531 | ) |  | (803 | ) |  | (1,529 | )
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES | 114 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 19,012 |  |  | 214 |
Income tax (expense) benefit | (740 | ) |  | (333 | ) |  | (2,514 | ) |  | (334 | )
NET INCOME (LOSS) | (626 | ) |  | (217 | ) |  | 16,498 |  |  | (120 | )
(Income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest in consolidated entities | (1,695 | ) |  | (1,143 | ) |  | (1,742 | ) |  | (2,736 | )
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership | 452 |  |  | 360 |  |  | (1,075 | ) |  | 958 |
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY | (1,869 | ) |  | (1,000 | ) |  | 13,681 |  |  | (1,898 | )
Preferred dividends | (1,707 | ) |  | (1,707 | ) |  | (5,122 | ) |  | (5,087 | )
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS | $ | (3,576 | ) |  | $ | (2,707 | ) |  | $ | 8,559 |  |  | $ | (6,985 | )
INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE - BASIC: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders | $ | (0.12 | ) |  | $ | (0.09 | ) |  | $ | 0.25 |  |  | $ | (0.25 | )
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic | 32,023 |  |  | 31,483 |  |  | 31,905 |  |  | 30,089 |
INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE - DILUTED: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders | $ | (0.12 | ) |  | $ | (0.09 | ) |  | $ | 0.25 |  |  | $ | (0.25 | )
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted | 32,023 |  |  | 31,483 |  |  | 31,922 |  |  | 30,089 |
Dividends declared per common share | $ | 0.16 |  |  | $ | 0.16 |  |  | $ | 0.48 |  |  | $ | 0.48 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(unaudited, in thousands)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
NET INCOME (LOSS) | $ | (626 | ) |  | $ | (217 | ) |  | $ | 16,498 |  |  | $ | (120 | )
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS), NET OF TAX |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) | (626 | ) |  | (217 | ) |  | 16,498 |  |  | (120 | )
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest in consolidated entities | (1,695 | ) |  | (1,143 | ) |  | (1,742 | ) |  | (2,736 | )
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership | 452 |  |  | 360 |  |  | (1,075 | ) |  | 958 |
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY | $ | (1,869 | ) |  | $ | (1,000 | ) |  | $ | 13,681 |  |  | $ | (1,898 | )

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY
(unaudited, in thousands)

|  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Noncontrolling Interest in Consolidated Entities |  | Total |  | 5.50% Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock |  | Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Operating Partnership
|  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  | Shares |  | Amount |
Balance at January 1, 2018 |  | 32,120 |  |  | $ | 321 |  |  | $ | 469,791 |  |  | $ | (88,807 | ) |  | $ | (4,753 | ) |  | $ | 376,552 |  |  | 4,966 |  |  | $ | 106,123 |  |  | $ | 46,627 |
Purchase of common stock |  | (19 | ) |  | — |  |  | (204 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (204 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Equity-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,402 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,402 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,307 |
Issuance of restricted shares/units |  | 429 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 54 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 58 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18 |
Forfeiture of restricted common shares |  | (6 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Dividends declared – common stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,823 | ) |  | — |  |  | (15,823 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Dividends declared – preferred stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,122 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5,122 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,654 | ) |  | (2,654 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,468 | )
Net income (loss) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,681 |  |  | 1,742 |  |  | 15,423 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,075 |
Redemption value adjustment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,167 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,167 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,167 |
Balance at September 30, 2018 |  | 32,524 |  |  | $ | 325 |  |  | $ | 474,043 |  |  | $ | (99,238 | ) |  | $ | (5,665 | ) |  | $ | 369,465 |  |  | 4,966 |  |  | $ | 106,123 |  |  | $ | 49,726 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited, in thousands)

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 16,498 |  |  | $ | (120 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 42,291 |  |  | 39,573 |
Equity-based compensation | 5,709 |  |  | (1,992 | )
Bad debt expense | 186 |  |  | 172 |
Amortization of loan costs | 3,157 |  |  | 3,754 |
Write-off of loan costs and exit fees | 4,178 |  |  | 2,343 |
Amortization of intangibles | 143 |  |  | 136 |
Amortization of non-refundable membership initiation fees | (18 | ) |  | — |
Interest expense accretion on refundable membership club deposits | 376 |  |  | — |
(Gain) loss on sale of hotel property | (15,711 | ) |  | — |
Impairment charges | 71 |  |  | 1,008 |
Unrealized (gain) loss on investment in Ashford Inc. | 3,338 |  |  | (3,403 | )
Realized and unrealized (gain) loss on derivatives | 803 |  |  | 1,800 |
Net settlement of trading derivatives | (688 | ) |  | (1,062 | )
Equity in (earnings) loss of unconsolidated entity | 146 |  |  | — |
Deferred tax expense (benefit) | 136 |  |  | 119 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, exclusive of the effect of hotel acquisitions and dispositions: |  |  |
Accounts receivable and inventories | (5,593 | ) |  | 260 |
Insurance receivable | — |  |  | (276 | )
Prepaid expenses and other assets | 922 |  |  | (758 | )
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | (2,609 | ) |  | 5,100 |
Due to/from related party, net | 344 |  |  | (255 | )
Due to affiliate | — |  |  | (2,500 | )
Due to/from third-party hotel managers | 5,578 |  |  | 5,798 |
Due to/from Ashford Trust OP, net | — |  |  | 488 |
Due to/from Ashford Inc. | 1,479 |  |  | (3,705 | )
Other liabilities | (7,851 | ) |  | 144 |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 52,885 |  |  | 46,624 |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Proceeds from property insurance | 24,663 |  |  | — |
Acquisition of hotel properties, net of cash and restricted cash acquired | (177,874 | ) |  | (243,693 | )
Investment in unconsolidated entity | (2,000 | ) |  | — |
Proceeds from liquidation of AQUA U.S. Fund | — |  |  | 2,289 |
Net proceeds from sale of hotel property | 65,336 |  |  | — |
Improvements and additions to hotel properties | (51,610 | ) |  | (32,744 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (141,485 | ) |  | (274,148 | )
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Borrowings on indebtedness | 575,000 |  |  | 523,500 |
Repayments of indebtedness | (399,804 | ) |  | (376,385 | )
Payments of loan costs and exit fees | (9,407 | ) |  | (10,733 | )
Payments for derivatives | (348 | ) |  | (347 | )
Purchase of common stock | (204 | ) |  | (195 | )
Payments for dividends and distributions | (22,661 | ) |  | (19,579 | )
Issuance of preferred stock | — |  |  | 40,163 |
Issuance of common stock | — |  |  | 66,442 |
Distributions to noncontrolling interest in consolidated entities | (538 | ) |  | (1,628 | )
Other | 18 |  |  | 21 |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 142,056 |  |  | 221,259 |
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 53,456 |  |  | (6,265 | )
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | 185,342 |  |  | 164,645 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 238,798 |  |  | $ | 158,380 |

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| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION |  |  |
Interest paid | $ | 31,641 |  |  | $ | 26,385 |
Income taxes paid (refund) | 1,626 |  |  | 1,025 |
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Dividends and distributions declared but not paid | 8,840 |  |  | 8,599 |
Capital expenditures accrued but not paid | 5,167 |  |  | 2,721 |
Non-cash dividends paid | 58 |  |  | — |
Non-cash settlement of note receivable | 8,098 |  |  | — |
Non-cash settlement of TIF loan | 8,098 |  |  | — |
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | $ | 137,522 |  |  | $ | 126,790 |
Restricted cash at beginning of period | 47,820 |  |  | 37,855 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | $ | 185,342 |  |  | $ | 164,645 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 163,825 |  |  | $ | 126,771 |
Restricted cash at end of period | 74,973 |  |  | 31,609 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 238,798 |  |  | $ | 158,380 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
1. Organization and Description of Business
Braemar Hotels & Resorts Inc. (formerly Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc.), together with its subsidiaries (“Braemar”), is a Maryland corporation that invests primarily in high revenue per available room (“RevPAR”) luxury hotels and resorts. High RevPAR, for purposes of our investment strategy, means RevPAR of at least twice the then-current U.S. national average RevPAR for all hotels as determined by Smith Travel Research. Braemar has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code. Braemar conducts its business and owns substantially all of its assets through its operating partnership, Braemar Hospitality Limited Partnership (formerly Ashford Hospitality Prime Limited Partnership) (“Braemar OP”). In this report, the terms “the Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refers to Braemar Hotels & Resorts Inc. and, as the context may require, all entities included in its condensed consolidated financial statements.
We are advised by Ashford Hospitality Advisors LLC (“Ashford LLC” or the “Advisor”) through an advisory agreement. Ashford LLC is a subsidiary of Ashford Inc. All of the hotel properties in our portfolio are currently asset-managed by Ashford LLC. We do not have any employees. All of the services that might be provided by employees are provided to us by Ashford LLC.
As of September 30, 2018, Remington Lodging & Hospitality, LLC, together with its affiliates (“Remington Lodging”), which is beneficially wholly-owned by Mr. Monty J. Bennett, Chairman of our board of directors, and Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr., Chairman Emeritus of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. (“Ashford Trust”), managed three of our twelve hotel properties. Third-party management companies managed the remaining hotel properties. On August 8, 2018, Ashford Inc., the parent company of the Advisor, completed its acquisition of Remington Holdings, L.P.’s project management business. See note 18.
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of such wholly-owned and majority owned subsidiaries of Braemar OP that as of September 30, 2018, own twelve hotel properties in six states, the District of Columbia and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The portfolio includes ten wholly-owned hotel properties and two hotel properties that are owned through a partnership in which Braemar OP has a controlling interest. These hotel properties represent 3,549 total rooms, or 3,314 net rooms, excluding those attributable to our partner. As a REIT, Braemar needs to comply with limitations imposed by the Internal Revenue Code related to operating hotels. As of September 30, 2018, eleven of our twelve hotel properties were leased by wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries that are treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRS”) for federal income tax purposes (collectively the TRS entities are referred to as “Braemar TRS”). One hotel property, located in the U.S. Virgin Islands, is owned by our U.S. Virgin Islands TRS. Braemar TRS then engages third-party or affiliated hotel management companies to operate the hotel properties under management contracts. Hotel operating results related to the hotel properties are included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
As of September 30, 2018, nine of the twelve hotel properties were leased by Braemar’s wholly-owned TRS and the two hotel properties majority-owned through a consolidated partnership were leased to a TRS wholly-owned by such consolidated partnership. Each leased hotel is leased under a percentage lease that provides for each lessee to pay in each calendar month the base rent plus, in each calendar quarter, percentage rent, if any, based on hotel revenues. Lease revenue from Braemar TRS is eliminated in consolidation. The hotel properties are operated under management contracts with Marriott International, Inc. (“Marriott”), Hilton Worldwide (“Hilton”), Accor Business and Leisure Management, LLC (“Accor”), Hyatt Hotels Corporation (“Hyatt”), Ritz-Carlton, Inc., a subsidiary of Marriott (“Ritz-Carlton”) and Remington Lodging, which are eligible independent contractors under the Internal Revenue Code.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation—The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. These condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Braemar Hotels & Resorts Inc., its majority-owned subsidiaries, and its majority-owned entities in which it has a controlling interest. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions between consolidated entities have been eliminated in these condensed consolidated financial statements. We have condensed or omitted certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements presented in accordance with GAAP in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. We believe the disclosures made herein are adequate to prevent the information presented from being misleading. However, the financial statements should be read in conjunction with
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as originally filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 14, 2018, as subsequently amended.
Braemar OP is considered to be a variable interest entity (“VIE”), as defined by authoritative accounting guidance. A VIE must be consolidated by a reporting entity if the reporting entity is the primary beneficiary because it has (i) the power to direct the VIE’s activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE. All major decisions related to Braemar OP that most significantly impact its economic performance, including but not limited to operating procedures with respect to business affairs and any acquisitions, dispositions, financings, restructurings or other transactions with sellers, purchasers, lenders, brokers, agents and other applicable representatives, are subject to the approval of our wholly-owned subsidiary, Braemar OP General Partner LLC (formerly Ashford Prime OP General Partner LLC), its general partner. As such, we consolidate Braemar OP.
The following items affect reporting comparability of our historical condensed consolidated financial statements:

• | historical seasonality patterns at some of our hotel properties cause fluctuations in our overall operating results. Consequently, operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018;

• | on March 31, 2017, we acquired the Park Hyatt Beaver Creek and on May 11, 2017, we acquired the Hotel Yountville. The operating results of these hotel properties have been included in our results of operations as of their acquisition dates;

• | on November 1, 2017, we sold the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center;

• | on April 4, 2018, we acquired the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota. The operating results of the hotel has been included in the results of operations as of its acquisition date; and

• | on June 1, 2018, we sold the Tampa Renaissance.

Use of Estimates—The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Restricted Cash—Restricted cash includes reserves for debt service, real estate taxes and insurance, as well as excess cash flow deposits and reserves for furniture, fixtures and equipment replacements of approximately 4% to 5% of property revenue for certain hotels, as required by certain management or mortgage debt agreement restrictions and provisions.
Impairment of Investments in Hotel Properties—Hotel properties are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Recoverability of the hotel is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of the hotel to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows, which take into account current market conditions and our intent with respect to holding or disposing of the hotel. If our analysis indicates that the carrying value of the hotel is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, we recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the property’s net book value exceeds its estimated fair value, or fair value, less cost to sell. In evaluating the impairment of hotel properties, we make many assumptions and estimates, including projected cash flows, expected holding period and expected useful life. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including internally developed discounted cash flow models, comparable market transactions and third-party appraisals, where considered necessary. Asset write-downs resulting from property damage are recorded up to the amount of the allocable property insurance deductible in the period that the property damage occurs. See note 4.
Investment in Ashford Inc.—We hold approximately 195,000 shares of Ashford Inc. common stock, which represented an approximate 8.2% ownership interest in Ashford Inc. and had a fair value of $14.8 million at September 30, 2018. This investment would typically be accounted for under the equity method of accounting, under Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 323-10 - Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures since we exercise significant influence. However, we have elected to record our investment in Ashford Inc. using the fair value option under ASC 825-10 - Fair Value Option - Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.
Investment in Unconsolidated Entity—Investment in unconsolidated entity, in which we have ownership interest of 8.2% at September 30, 2018, is accounted for under the equity method of accounting by recording the initial investment and our percentage of interest in the entities’ net income/loss. We review our investment in unconsolidated entity for impairment in each reporting period pursuant to the applicable authoritative accounting guidance. An investment is impaired when its estimated fair value is
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
less than the carrying amount of our investment. Any impairment is recorded in equity in earnings (loss) in unconsolidated entity. No such impairment was recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.
Our investment in unconsolidated entity is considered to be a variable interest in the underlying entity. VIEs, as defined by authoritative accounting guidance, must be consolidated by a reporting entity if the reporting entity is the primary beneficiary because it has (i) the power to direct the VIE’s activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE. Because we do not have the power and financial responsibility to direct the unconsolidated entity’s activities and operations, we are not considered to be the primary beneficiary of this entity on an ongoing basis and therefore such entity should not be consolidated. In evaluating VIEs, our analysis involves considerable management judgment and assumptions.
Equity-Based Compensation—Prior to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-07, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2018-07”) in the third quarter of 2018, stock/unit-based compensation for non-employees was accounted for at fair value based on the market price of the shares at period end that resulted in recording expense, included in “advisory services fee” and “management fees,” equal to the fair value of the award in proportion to the requisite service period satisfied during the period. Performance stock units (“PSUs”) and performance-based Long-Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”) units granted to certain executive officers were accounted for at fair value at period end based on a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model that resulted in recording expense, included in “advisory services fee,” equal to the fair value of the award in proportion to the requisite service period satisfied during the period. Stock/unit grants to independent directors are recorded at fair value based on the market price of the shares/units at grant date, which amount is fully expensed as the grants of stock/units are fully vested on the date of grant and included in “corporate general and administrative” expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
After the adoption of ASU 2018-07 in the third quarter of 2018, stock/unit-based compensation for non-employees is measured at the grant date and expensed ratably over the vesting period based on the original measurement as of the grant date. This results in the recording of expense, included in “advisory services fee” and “management fees,” equal to the ratable amount of the grant date fair value based on the requisite service period satisfied during the period. PSUs and Performance LTIP units granted to certain executive officers vest based on time and market conditions and are measured at the grant date fair value based on a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model. The subsequent expense is then ratably recognized over the service period as the service is rendered regardless of when, if ever, the market conditions are satisfied. This results in recording expense, included in “advisory services fee,” equal to the ratable amount of the grant date fair value based on the requisite service period satisfied during the period. Stock/unit grants to independent directors are measured at the grant date based on the market price of the shares/units at grant date, which amount is fully expensed as the grants of stock/units are fully vested on the date of grant.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards—In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model, which requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration the company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The update replaces most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP. The standard permits the use of either the full retrospective or cumulative effect (modified retrospective) transition method. This standard, referred to as “Topic 606,” does not materially affect the amount or timing of revenue recognition for revenues from room, food and beverage, and other hotel level sales. Additionally, we have historically disposed of hotel properties for cash sales with no contingencies and no future involvement in the hotel operations. Therefore, Topic 606 does not impact the recognition of hotel sales. We adopted this standard effective January 1, 2018, under the modified retrospective method, and the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. See related disclosures in note 3.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (“ASU 2016-01”), which requires an entity to: (i) measure equity investments at fair value through net income, with certain exceptions; (ii) present in other comprehensive income the changes in instrument-specific credit risk for financial liabilities measured using the fair value option; (iii) present financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset; (iv) calculate the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes based on an exit price and; (v) assess a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets related to unrealized losses of available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities in combination with other deferred tax assets. ASU 2016-01 provides an election to subsequently measure certain nonmarketable equity investments at cost less any impairment and adjusted for certain observable price changes. It also requires a qualitative impairment assessment of such equity investments and amends certain fair value disclosure requirements. ASU 2016-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Certain provisions of ASU 2016-01 are
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
eligible for early adoption. We adopted this standard effective January 1, 2018. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments - a Consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force (“ASU 2016-15”). The new guidance is intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. Certain issues addressed in this guidance include - debt payments or debt extinguishment costs, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, distributions received from equity method investments and beneficial interests in securitization transactions. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We adopted this standard effective January 1, 2018 on a prospective basis as there were no required changes as a result of adoption. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805) - Clarifying the Definition of a Business (“ASU 2017-01”), which clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether a transaction should be accounted for as an acquisition (or disposal) of an asset or a business. ASU 2017-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. We adopted this standard effective January 1, 2018. Under the new standard, certain future hotel acquisitions may be considered asset acquisitions rather than business combinations, which would affect capitalization of acquisitions costs (such costs are expensed for business combinations and capitalized for asset acquisitions).
In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05, Other Income-Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets (“ASU 2017-05”), which clarifies the scope of ASC Subtopic 610-20, Other Income-Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets and adds guidance for partial sales of nonfinancial assets. ASU 2017-05 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. An entity may elect to apply ASU 2017-05 under a retrospective or modified retrospective method. We adopted this standard effective January 1, 2018, under the modified retrospective method. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, which expanded the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from non-employees and aligns the guidance for share-based payments to non-employees with the requirements for share-based payments granted to employees. ASU 2018-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We adopted ASU 2018-07 effective July 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2018-07 has a material impact on our consolidated financial statements because the compensation expense related to our equity awards is now determined based on the grant date fair value of the awards and will be ratably recognized over the service period as the service is rendered as opposed to being marked-to-market in periods prior to adoption. For all existing equity awards, future equity-based compensation expense is based on the fair value of the awards on July 1, 2018. See the Equity-Based Compensation section included above in our Significant Accounting Policies for further details.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards—In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”). The new standard establishes a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases ("ASU 2018-10") and ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842), Targeted Improvements (“ASU 2018-11”). The amendments in ASU 2018-10 affect only narrow aspects of the guidance issued in the amendments in ASU 2016-02, including but not limited to lease residual value guarantee, rate implicit in the lease, lease term and purchase option. The amendments in ASU 2018-11 provide an optional transition method for adoption of the new standard, which will allow entities to continue to apply the legacy guidance in ASC 840, including its disclosure requirements, in the comparative periods presented in the year of adoption. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual and interim periods for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, which will require us to adopt these provisions in the first quarter of 2019 on a modified retrospective basis. The accounting for leases under which we are the lessor remains largely unchanged. While we continue evaluating our lease portfolio to assess the impact that ASU 2016-02 will have on our condensed consolidated financial statements, we expect the primary impact to our condensed consolidated financial statements upon adoption will be the recognition, on a discounted basis, of our future minimum rentals due under noncancelable leases on our condensed consolidated balance sheets resulting in the recording of ROU assets and lease obligations. We disclosed $175.4 million in undiscounted future minimum rentals due under non-cancelable leases in note 13 of our most recent 10-K. We are involving our property managers and implementing repeatable processes to manage ongoing
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
lease data collection and analysis, and evaluating accounting policies and internal controls that will be impacted by the new standards. We have also engaged a third party valuation expert to assist us in determining the value of our ROU assets and operating lease liabilities including the determination of our incremental borrowing rate. We expect to use the transition method that includes the practical expedient that allows us to adopt effective January 1, 2019 and not reevaluate or recast prior periods, however we are still evaluating the available transition methods.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"). The ASU sets forth an “expected credit loss” impairment model to replace the current “incurred loss” method of recognizing credit losses. The standard requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for most financial assets held. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for periods beginning after December 15, 2018. We are currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2016-13 will have on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (“ASU 2018-13”). ASU 2018-13 modifies certain disclosure requirements related to fair value measurements including requiring disclosures on changes in unrealized gains and losses in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements and a requirement to disclose the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2018-13 will have on the condensed consolidated financial statements.
3. Revenue
On January 1, 2018, we adopted Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method. As the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements, no adjustments to opening retained earnings were made as of January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018, are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under ASC Topic 605-Revenue Recognition.
Rooms revenue represents revenues from the occupancy of our hotel rooms and is driven by the occupancy and average daily rate charged. Rooms revenue includes revenue for guest no-shows, day use, and early/late departure fees. The contracts for room stays with customers are generally short in duration and revenues are recognized as services are provided over the course of the hotel stay.
Food & Beverage (“F&B”) revenue consists of revenue from the restaurants and lounges at our hotel properties, In-room dining and mini-bars revenue, and banquet/catering revenue from group and social functions. Other F&B revenue may include revenue from audio-visual equipment/services, rental of function rooms, and other F&B related revenues. Revenue is recognized as the services or products are provided. Our hotel properties may employ third parties to provide certain services at the property, for example, audio visual services. We evaluate each of these contracts to determine if the hotel is the principal or the agent in the transaction, and record the revenues as appropriate (i.e. gross vs. net).
Other revenue consists of ancillary revenue at the property, including attrition and cancellation fees, condo management fees, resort and destination fees, health center fees, spas, golf, telecommunications, parking, entertainment and other guest services, as well as rental revenue, primarily consisting of leased retail outlets at our hotel properties, and membership initiation fees and dues, primarily from club memberships. Attrition and cancellation fees are recognized for non-cancellable deposits when the customer provides notification of cancellation within established management policy time frames. Non-refundable membership initiation fees are recognized over the expected life of an active membership. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded $0 and $3.3 million of business interruption income for the Tampa Renaissance related to a settlement for lost profits from the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010.
Taxes collected from customers and submitted to taxing authorities are not recorded in revenue. Interest income is recognized when earned. We discontinue recording interest and amortizing discounts/premiums when the contractual payment of interest and/or principal is not received when contractually due.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
The following tables present our revenue disaggregated by geographical areas (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Primary Geographical Market |  | Number of Hotels |  | Rooms |  | Food and Beverage |  | Other Hotel |  | Other |  | Total
California |  | 4 |  | $ | 26,368 |  |  | $ | 5,209 |  |  | $ | 2,404 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 33,981 |
Colorado |  | 1 |  | 3,178 |  |  | 3,112 |  |  | 2,438 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,728 |
Florida |  | 2 |  | 8,194 |  |  | 4,335 |  |  | 3,420 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,949 |
Illinois |  | 1 |  | 8,157 |  |  | 2,280 |  |  | 327 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,764 |
Pennsylvania |  | 1 |  | 7,137 |  |  | 1,422 |  |  | 267 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,826 |
Washington |  | 1 |  | 11,035 |  |  | 1,799 |  |  | 380 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,214 |
Washington, D.C. |  | 1 |  | 8,638 |  |  | 2,729 |  |  | 264 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,631 |
USVI |  | 1 |  | 1,651 |  |  | 285 |  |  | 3,817 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,753 |
Total |  | 12 |  | $ | 74,358 |  |  | $ | 21,171 |  |  | $ | 13,317 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 108,846 |

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
Primary Geographical Market |  | Number of Hotels |  | Rooms |  | Food and Beverage |  | Other Hotel |  | Other |  | Total
California |  | 4 |  | $ | 24,578 |  |  | $ | 5,160 |  |  | $ | 2,228 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 31,966 |
Colorado |  | 1 |  | 3,203 |  |  | 3,156 |  |  | 2,355 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,714 |
Florida |  | 1 |  | 2,884 |  |  | 587 |  |  | 258 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,729 |
Illinois |  | 1 |  | 7,144 |  |  | 2,014 |  |  | 221 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,379 |
Pennsylvania |  | 1 |  | 6,341 |  |  | 1,095 |  |  | 159 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,595 |
Washington |  | 1 |  | 10,850 |  |  | 1,710 |  |  | 323 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,883 |
Washington, D.C. |  | 1 |  | 9,518 |  |  | 3,136 |  |  | 295 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,949 |
USVI |  | 1 |  | 4,641 |  |  | 2,943 |  |  | 1,474 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,058 |
Sold hotel properties |  | 2 |  | 8,177 |  |  | 3,346 |  |  | 284 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,807 |
Corporate entities |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 39 |  |  | 39 |
Total |  | 13 |  | $ | 77,336 |  |  | $ | 23,147 |  |  | $ | 7,597 |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 108,119 |

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Primary Geographical Market |  | Number of Hotels |  | Rooms |  | Food and Beverage |  | Other Hotel |  | Other |  | Total
California |  | 4 |  | $ | 69,007 |  |  | $ | 18,163 |  |  | $ | 8,258 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 95,428 |
Colorado |  | 1 |  | 14,736 |  |  | 9,676 |  |  | 7,712 |  |  | — |  |  | 32,124 |
Florida |  | 2 |  | 24,474 |  |  | 12,191 |  |  | 7,343 |  |  | — |  |  | 44,008 |
Illinois |  | 1 |  | 19,359 |  |  | 6,100 |  |  | 908 |  |  | — |  |  | 26,367 |
Pennsylvania |  | 1 |  | 21,641 |  |  | 4,314 |  |  | 867 |  |  | — |  |  | 26,822 |
Washington |  | 1 |  | 25,587 |  |  | 5,164 |  |  | 1,006 |  |  | — |  |  | 31,757 |
Washington, D.C. |  | 1 |  | 30,390 |  |  | 10,965 |  |  | 884 |  |  | — |  |  | 42,239 |
USVI |  | 1 |  | 4,939 |  |  | 616 |  |  | 13,616 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,171 |
Sold hotel properties |  | 1 |  | 8,171 |  |  | 2,875 |  |  | 3,491 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,537 |
Total |  | 13 |  | $ | 218,304 |  |  | $ | 70,064 |  |  | $ | 44,085 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 332,453 |

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Primary Geographical Market |  | Number of Hotels |  | Rooms |  | Food and Beverage |  | Other Hotel |  | Other |  | Total
California |  | 4 |  | $ | 61,157 |  |  | $ | 16,612 |  |  | $ | 6,392 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 84,161 |
Colorado |  | 1 |  | 4,920 |  |  | 4,700 |  |  | 4,040 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,660 |
Florida |  | 1 |  | 13,253 |  |  | 2,660 |  |  | 954 |  |  | — |  |  | 16,867 |
Illinois |  | 1 |  | 18,441 |  |  | 5,604 |  |  | 506 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,551 |
Pennsylvania |  | 1 |  | 19,082 |  |  | 3,372 |  |  | 688 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,142 |
Washington |  | 1 |  | 25,024 |  |  | 6,153 |  |  | 872 |  |  | — |  |  | 32,049 |
Washington, D.C. |  | 1 |  | 32,908 |  |  | 11,896 |  |  | 977 |  |  | — |  |  | 45,781 |
USVI |  | 1 |  | 21,713 |  |  | 11,014 |  |  | 6,102 |  |  | — |  |  | 38,829 |
Sold hotel properties |  | 2 |  | 27,705 |  |  | 13,589 |  |  | 1,057 |  |  | — |  |  | 42,351 |
Corporate entities |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 116 |  |  | 116 |
Total |  | 13 |  | $ | 224,203 |  |  | $ | 75,600 |  |  | $ | 21,588 |  |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 321,507 |

4. Investments in Hotel Properties, net
Investments in hotel properties, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Land |  | $ | 428,567 |  |  | $ | 344,937 |
Buildings and improvements |  | 984,285 |  |  | 962,478 |
Furniture, fixtures and equipment |  | 99,101 |  |  | 87,796 |
Construction in progress |  | 24,125 |  |  | 7,899 |
Total cost |  | 1,536,078 |  |  | 1,403,110 |
Accumulated depreciation |  | (252,686 | ) |  | (257,268 | )
Investments in hotel properties, net |  | $ | 1,283,392 |  |  | $ | 1,145,842 |

Impairment Charges and Insurance Recoveries
In September 2017, the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas located in St. Thomas, USVI, the Key West Pier House located in Key West, FL and the Tampa Renaissance located in Tampa, FL were impacted by the effects of Hurricanes Irma and Maria. The Company holds insurance policies that provide coverage for property damage and business interruption after meeting certain deductibles at all of its hotel properties. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized impairment charges, net of anticipated insurance recoveries of $1.1 million. Additionally, the Company recognized remediation and other costs, net of anticipated insurance recoveries of $3.8 million, included primarily in other hotel operating expenses. As of December 31, 2017, the Company recorded an insurance receivable of $8.8 million, net of deductibles of $4.9 million, related to the anticipated insurance recoveries. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company received proceeds of $11.1 million for business interruption losses associated with lost profits, of which $4.1 million was recorded as “other” hotel revenue in our consolidated statement of operations, $3.3 million represented reimbursement of incurred expenses in excess of the deductible of $1.1 million and $3.7 million was recorded as a reduction to insurance receivable.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded revenue from business interruption losses associated with lost profits from the hurricanes of $3.8 million and $13.9 million, respectively, which are included in “other” hotel revenue in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company received proceeds of $0 and $34.0 million from our insurance carriers for property damage and business interruption from the hurricanes during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Additionally, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded revenue of $0 and $1.9 million, net of deductibles of $500,000, for business interruption losses associated with lost profits at the Bardessono Hotel and Hotel Yountville as a result of the Napa wildfires, which is included in “other” hotel revenue in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded impairment charges of $0 and $71,000 as a result of a change in estimate of property damage as a result of the hurricanes. As of September 30, 2018, the Company had a net liability of $5.4 million, included in “other liabilities” on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, as it has received insurance proceeds in excess of the sum of its impairment, remediation expenses and business interruption revenue recorded through September 30, 2018. The Company will not record revenue for business interruption losses associated with lost profits or gains from property damage recoveries until the amount for such recoveries is known and the amount is realizable.
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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota
On April 4, 2018, the Company acquired a 100% interest in the 266-room Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota in Sarasota, Florida for $171.4 million and a 22-acre plot of vacant land for $9.7 million. Concurrent with the closing of the acquisition, we completed the financing of a $100.0 million mortgage loan. See note 8.
The acquisition of the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota included the hotel, a golf club, a beach club and a plot of vacant land, which are considered to be a group of dissimilar assets per ASU 2017-01. As such, we have accounted for this acquisition as a business combination. We have allocated the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed on a preliminary basis using estimated fair value information currently available. We are in the process of evaluating the values assigned to investment in hotel property, property level working capital balances and intangibles. This valuation is considered a Level 3 valuation technique. Thus, the balances reflected below are subject to change, and any such changes could result in adjustments to the allocation. Any change to the amounts recorded within the investments in hotel properties or intangibles will also impact depreciation and amortization expense.
The following table summarizes the preliminary estimated fair value of the assets acquired in the acquisition (in thousands):

Land (1) | $ | 83,630 |
Buildings and improvements | 86,042 |
Furniture, fixtures and equipment | 13,740 |
Customer relationships | 5,682 |
Refundable membership club deposits (2) | (9,960 | )
Income guarantee (3) | 2,000 |
| $ | 181,134 |
Net other assets (liabilities) | $ | (3,260 | )

________

(1) | Amount includes the $9.7 million, 22-acre plot of vacant land.

(2) | Recorded within “other liabilities” on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.

(3) | Recorded within “other assets” on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.

The results of operations of the hotel property have been included in our results of operations as of the acquisition date. The table below summarizes the total revenue and net income (loss) in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018:

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Total revenue | 11,233 |  |  | 26,360 |
Net income (loss) | (3,506 | ) |  | (4,225 | )

The unaudited pro forma results of operations as if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2017 are included below under “Pro Forma Financial Results.”
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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
Pro Forma Financial Results
The following table reflects the unaudited pro forma results of operations as if the acquisitions had occurred and the applicable indebtedness was incurred on January 1, 2017, and the removal of $949,000 of non-recurring transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisitions for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Total revenue | $ | 108,846 |  |  | $ | 119,438 |  |  | $ | 352,526 |  |  | $ | 367,566 |
Net income (loss) | (626 | ) |  | (2,760 | ) |  | 20,216 |  |  | (723 | )
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders | (3,576 | ) |  | (6,267 | ) |  | 11,861 |  |  | (9,562 | )
Pro Forma income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | (0.12 | ) |  | $ | (0.20 | ) |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | (0.33 | )
Diluted | $ | (0.12 | ) |  | $ | (0.20 | ) |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | (0.33 | )
Weighted average common shares outstanding (in thousands): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 32,023 |  |  | 31,483 |  |  | 31,905 |  |  | 30,089 |
Diluted | 32,023 |  |  | 31,483 |  |  | 31,922 |  |  | 30,089 |

5. Hotel Dispositions
On November 1, 2017, the Company sold the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center for $104.0 million in cash. The sale resulted in a gain of $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017.
On June 1, 2018, the Company sold the Tampa Renaissance hotel for $68.0 million in cash. The sale resulted in a gain of $15.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and is included in “gain (loss) on sale of hotel property” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Since the sales of the hotel properties did not represent a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on our operations or financial results, the hotel properties’ results of operations were not reported as discontinued operations in our condensed consolidated financial statements.
We included the results of operations for these hotel properties through the dates of disposition in net income (loss) as shown in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. The following table includes the condensed financial information from these hotel properties (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Total hotel revenue | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11,807 |  |  | $ | 14,537 |  |  | $ | 42,351 |
Total hotel operating expenses | — |  |  | (7,713 | ) |  | (7,500 | ) |  | (26,795 | )
Operating income (loss) | — |  |  | 4,094 |  |  | 7,037 |  |  | 15,556 |
Property taxes, insurance and other | — |  |  | (504 | ) |  | (486 | ) |  | (1,876 | )
Depreciation and amortization | — |  |  | (2,176 | ) |  | (1,294 | ) |  | (6,477 | )
Impairment charges | — |  |  | (10 | ) |  | (12 | ) |  | (10 | )
Gain (loss) on sale of hotel property | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15,711 |  |  | — |
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs | — |  |  | (1,183 | ) |  | (791 | ) |  | (3,320 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes | — |  |  | 221 |  |  | 20,165 |  |  | 3,873 |
(Income) loss before income taxes attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership | — |  |  | (26 | ) |  | (2,253 | ) |  | (454 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes attributable to the Company | $ | — |  |  | $ | 195 |  |  | $ | 17,912 |  |  | $ | 3,419 |

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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
6. Note Receivable
As of December 31, 2017, we held a note receivable of $8.1 million from the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, which had a stated interest rate of 12.85%. The note matured in June 2018. Prior to maturity the interest income recorded on the note receivable was offset against the interest expense recorded on the TIF loan of the same amount. See note 8.
7. Investment in Unconsolidated Entity
Ashford Inc.
As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we held approximately 195,000 shares of Ashford Inc. common stock. The closing price per share of Ashford Inc. common stock on the NYSE American LLC was $75.87 and $93.00 as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. This represented an approximate 8.2% and 9.3% ownership interest in Ashford Inc. for September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. See notes 11 and 12.
We have elected to use the fair value option, under the applicable accounting guidance, to account for our investment in Ashford Inc. as the fair value is readily available since Ashford Inc. common stock is traded on a national exchange. The fair value of our investment in Ashford Inc. is included in “investment in Ashford Inc., at fair value” on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, and changes in market value are included in “unrealized gain (loss) on investment in Ashford Inc.” on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The following tables summarize the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, of Ashford Inc. (in thousands):
Ashford Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(unaudited)

| September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Total assets | $ | 389,818 |  |  | $ | 114,810 |
Total liabilities | 121,763 |  |  | 78,742 |
Series B cumulative convertible preferred stock | 200,578 |  |  | — |
Redeemable noncontrolling interests | 3,778 |  |  | 5,111 |
Total stockholders’ equity of Ashford Inc. | 63,050 |  |  | 30,185 |
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities | 649 |  |  | 772 |
Total equity | 63,699 |  |  | 30,957 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 389,818 |  |  | $ | 114,810 |
Our investment in Ashford Inc., at fair value | $ | 14,786 |  |  | $ | 18,124 |

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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
Ashford Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Total revenue | $ | 41,565 |  |  | $ | 19,255 |  |  | $ | 144,544 |  |  | $ | 51,907 |
Total operating expenses | (53,069 | ) |  | (21,595 | ) |  | (150,214 | ) |  | (54,965 | )
Operating income (loss) | (11,504 | ) |  | (2,340 | ) |  | (5,670 | ) |  | (3,058 | )
Realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (91 | )
Interest expense and loan amortization cost | (419 | ) |  | (20 | ) |  | (770 | ) |  | (35 | )
Other income (expense) | 25 |  |  | 77 |  |  | (50 | ) |  | 220 |
Income tax (expense) benefit | 13,904 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 11,593 |  |  | (9,248 | )
Net income (loss) | 2,006 |  |  | (2,258 | ) |  | 5,103 |  |  | (12,212 | )
(Income) loss from consolidated entities attributable to noncontrolling interests | 413 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 704 |  |  | 267 |
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests | 968 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 817 |  |  | 995 |
Net income (loss) attributable to Ashford Inc. | $ | 3,387 |  |  | $ | (1,856 | ) |  | $ | 6,624 |  |  | $ | (10,950 | )
Preferred dividends | (1,675 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,675 | ) |  | — |
Amortization of preferred stock discounts | (303 | ) |  | — |  |  | (303 | ) |  | — |
Net income attributable to common shareholders | $ | 1,409 |  |  | $ | (1,856 | ) |  | $ | 4,646 |  |  | $ | (10,950 | )
Our unrealized gain (loss) on investment in Ashford Inc. | $ | 2,158 |  |  | $ | 1,875 |  |  | $ | (3,338 | ) |  | $ | 3,403 |

OpenKey
On March 28, 2018, the Company made a $2.0 million investment in OpenKey, which is controlled and consolidated by Ashford Inc., for an 8.2% ownership interest, which investment was approved by our Related Party Transactions Committee and the independent members of our board of directors. OpenKey is a hospitality-focused mobile key platform that provides a universal smart phone app for keyless entry into hotel guest rooms. Our investment is recorded as a component of “investment in unconsolidated entity” in our condensed consolidated balance sheet and is accounted for under the equity method of accounting as we have been deemed to have significant influence over the entity under the applicable accounting guidance.
The following table summarizes our carrying value and ownership interest in OpenKey:

| September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Carrying value of the investment in OpenKey (in thousands) | $ | 1,854 |  |  | $ | — |
Ownership interest in OpenKey | 8.2 | % |  | — |

The following table summarizes our equity in earnings (loss) in OpenKey (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
Line Item |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated entity |  | $ | (81 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (146 | ) |  | $ | — |

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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
8. Indebtedness
Indebtedness consisted of the following (in thousands):

Indebtedness |  | Collateral |  | Maturity |  | Interest Rate |  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Secured revolving credit facility (3) |  | None |  | November 2019 |  | Base Rate (2) + 1.25% to 2.50% or LIBOR(1) + 2.25% to 3.50% |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
TIF loan(4) |  | Courtyard Philadelphia |  | June 2018 |  | 12.85% |  | — |  |  | 8,098 |
Mortgage loan(5) |  | Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas |  | December 2018 |  | LIBOR(1) + 4.95% |  | 42,000 |  |  | 42,000 |
Mortgage loan(6) (7) |  | Courtyard Philadelphia |  | February 2019 |  | LIBOR(1) + 2.58% |  | — |  |  | 277,628 |
|  | Courtyard San Francisco |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Marriott Seattle Waterfront |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Tampa Renaissance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loan(6) |  | Sofitel Chicago Magnificent Mile |  | March 2019 |  | LIBOR(1) + 2.55% |  | — |  |  | 80,000 |
Mortgage loan(8) |  | Pier House Resort |  | March 2019 |  | LIBOR(1) + 2.25% |  | 70,000 |  |  | 70,000 |
Mortgage loan(9) |  | Park Hyatt Beaver Creek |  | April 2019 |  | LIBOR(1) + 2.75% |  | 67,500 |  |  | 67,500 |
Mortgage loan(10) |  | Capital Hilton |  | November 2019 |  | LIBOR(1) + 2.65% |  | 187,834 |  |  | 190,010 |
|  | Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loan(6) |  | Courtyard Philadelphia |  | June 2020 |  | LIBOR(1) + 2.16% |  | 435,000 |  |  | — |
|  | Courtyard San Francisco |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Marriott Seattle Waterfront |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Sofitel Chicago Magnificent Mile |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loan |  | Hotel Yountville |  | May 2022 |  | LIBOR(1) + 2.55% |  | 51,000 |  |  | 51,000 |
Mortgage loan |  | Bardessono Hotel |  | August 2022 |  | LIBOR(1) + 2.55% |  | 40,000 |  |  | 40,000 |
Mortgage loan |  | Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota |  | April 2023 |  | LIBOR(1) + 2.65% |  | 100,000 |  |  | — |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 993,334 |  |  | 826,236 |
Deferred loan costs, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (7,618 | ) |  | (5,277 | )
Indebtedness, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 985,716 |  |  | $ | 820,959 |

__________________

(1) | LIBOR rates were 2.261% and 1.564% at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

(2) | Base Rate, as defined in the secured revolving credit facility agreement, is the greater of (i) the prime rate set by Bank of America, (ii) federal funds rate + 0.5%, or (iii) LIBOR + 1.0%.

(3) | Our borrowing capacity under our secured revolving credit facility is $100.0 million. We have an option, subject to lender approval, to further increase the borrowing capacity to an aggregate of $250.0 million. We may use up to $15.0 million for standby letters of credit. The secured revolving credit facility has two one-year extension options subject to advance notice, satisfaction of certain conditions and a 0.25% extension fee.

(4) | The TIF loan matured on June 30, 2018. See note 6.

(5) | This mortgage loan has three one-year extension options, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions, of which the first was exercised in December 2017.

(6) | On May 23, 2018, we refinanced two mortgage loans totaling $357.6 million with a new $435.0 million mortgage loan with a two-year initial term and five one-year extension options, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. The new mortgage loan is interest only and bears interest at a rate of LIBOR + 2.16%.

(7) | A portion of this mortgage loan at December 31, 2017 relates to the Tampa Renaissance, which was sold on June 1, 2018. See note 5.

(8) | This mortgage loan has three one-year extension options, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions, of which the second was exercised in March 2018.

(9) | This mortgage loan has three one-year extension options, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions.

(10) | This mortgage loan has two one-year extension options, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions.

On March 31, 2017, in connection with the acquisition of the Park Hyatt Beaver Creek, we completed the financing of a $67.5 million mortgage loan. This mortgage loan is interest only and provides for a floating interest rate of LIBOR + 2.75%. The stated maturity date of the mortgage loan is April 2019, with three one-year extension options, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. The mortgage loan is secured by the Park Hyatt Beaver Creek.
On May 11, 2017, in connection with the acquisition of the Hotel Yountville, we completed the financing of a $51.0 million mortgage loan. This mortgage loan is interest only and provides for a floating interest rate of LIBOR + 2.55%. The stated maturity date of the mortgage loan is May 2022. The mortgage loan is secured by the Hotel Yountville.
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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
On August 18, 2017, we refinanced our existing $40.0 million mortgage loan with a final maturity date in December 2020 with a new $40.0 million mortgage loan that is interest only, provides for a floating interest rate of LIBOR + 2.55% and has a stated maturity date of August 2022. The mortgage loan is secured by the Bardessono Hotel.
On April 4, 2018, in connection with the acquisition of the 266-room Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota in Sarasota, Florida, the Company completed the financing of a $100.0 million mortgage loan. This mortgage loan provides for a floating interest rate of LIBOR + 2.65%. The mortgage loan is interest only until July 1, 2021 and then amortizes 1% annually for the remaining term. The stated maturity is April 2023.
On May 23, 2018, the Company refinanced two mortgage loans totaling $357.6 million with a new $435.0 million mortgage loan with a two-year initial term and five one-year extension options subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. As a result of the refinance the Tampa Renaissance became unencumbered. The new mortgage loan is interest only and bears interest at a rate of LIBOR + 2.16%. The loan is secured by four hotels: Seattle Marriott Waterfront, San Francisco Courtyard Downtown, Philadelphia Courtyard Downtown and Sofitel Chicago Magnificent Mile.
We are required to maintain certain financial ratios under our secured revolving credit facility. If we violate covenants in any debt agreement, we could be required to repay all or a portion of our indebtedness before maturity at a time when we might be unable to arrange financing for such repayment on attractive terms, if at all. Violations of certain debt covenants may result in our inability to borrow unused amounts under our line of credit, even if repayment of some or all of our borrowings is not required. The assets of certain of our subsidiaries are pledged under non-recourse indebtedness and are not available to satisfy the debts and other obligations of the consolidated group. As of September 30, 2018, we were in compliance in all material respects with all covenants or other requirements set forth in our debt agreements as amended.
9. Income (Loss) Per Share
The following table reconciles the amounts used in calculating basic and diluted income (loss) per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to the Company | $ | (1,869 | ) |  | $ | (1,000 | ) |  | $ | 13,681 |  |  | $ | (1,898 | )
Less: Dividends on preferred stock | (1,707 | ) |  | (1,707 | ) |  | (5,122 | ) |  | (5,087 | )
Less: Dividends on common stock | (5,126 | ) |  | (5,038 | ) |  | (15,364 | ) |  | (15,107 | )
Less: Dividends on unvested performance stock units | (72 | ) |  | (85 | ) |  | (216 | ) |  | (238 | )
Less: Dividends on unvested restricted shares | (78 | ) |  | (75 | ) |  | (243 | ) |  | (200 | )
Undistributed net income (loss) allocated to common stockholders | (8,852 | ) |  | (7,905 | ) |  | (7,264 | ) |  | (22,530 | )
Add back: Dividends on common stock | 5,126 |  |  | 5,038 |  |  | 15,364 |  |  | 15,107 |
Distributed and undistributed net income (loss) - basic and diluted | $ | (3,726 | ) |  | $ | (2,867 | ) |  | $ | 8,100 |  |  | $ | (7,423 | )
Weighted average common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic | 32,023 |  |  | 31,483 |  |  | 31,905 |  |  | 30,089 |
Advisory services incentive fee shares | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17 |  |  | — |
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted | 32,023 |  |  | 31,483 |  |  | 31,922 |  |  | 30,089 |
Income (loss) per share - basic: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) allocated to common stockholders per share | $ | (0.12 | ) |  | $ | (0.09 | ) |  | $ | 0.25 |  |  | $ | (0.25 | )
Income (loss) per share - diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) allocated to common stockholders per share | $ | (0.12 | ) |  | $ | (0.09 | ) |  | $ | 0.25 |  |  | $ | (0.25 | )

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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
Due to their anti-dilutive effect, the computation of diluted income (loss) per share does not reflect the adjustments for the following items (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Net income (loss) allocated to common stockholders is not adjusted for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income (loss) allocated to unvested restricted shares | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | 243 |  |  | $ | 200 |
Income (loss) allocated to unvested performance stock units | 72 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 216 |  |  | 238 |
Income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership | (452 | ) |  | (360 | ) |  | 1,075 |  |  | (958 | )
Dividends on preferred stock | 1,707 |  |  | 1,707 |  |  | 5,122 |  |  | 5,087 |
Total | $ | 1,405 |  |  | $ | 1,507 |  |  | $ | 6,656 |  |  | $ | 4,567 |
Weighted average diluted shares are not adjusted for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Effect of unvested restricted shares | 81 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 81 |
Effect of unvested performance stock units | 52 |  |  | — |  |  | 23 |  |  | — |
Effect of assumed conversion of operating partnership units | 4,173 |  |  | 4,256 |  |  | 4,137 |  |  | 4,256 |
Effect of assumed conversion of preferred stock | 6,569 |  |  | 6,569 |  |  | 6,569 |  |  | 5,893 |
Effect of advisory services incentive fee shares | 32 |  |  | 132 |  |  | — |  |  | 146 |
Total | 10,907 |  |  | 11,036 |  |  | 10,786 |  |  | 10,376 |

10. Derivative Instruments
Interest Rate Derivatives—We are exposed to risks arising from our business operations, economic conditions and financial markets. To manage these risks, we primarily use interest rate derivatives to hedge our debt and our cash flows. The interest rate derivatives include interest rate caps and interest rate floors, which are subject to master netting settlement arrangements. All derivatives are recorded at fair value.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, we entered into interest rate derivatives as summarized in the table below:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
Interest rate caps: | 2018 |  | 2017
Notional amount (in thousands) | $ | 685,000 |  |  | $ | 659,500 |
Strike rate low end of range | 2.43 | % |  | 3.00 | %
Strike rate high end of range | 7.80 | % |  | 5.35 | %
Effective date range | February 2018 - May 2018 |  |  | January 2017 - August 2017 |
Maturity date range | March 2019 - June 2020 |  |  | March 2018 - September 2019 |
Total cost of interest rate cap (in thousands) | $ | 348 |  |  | $ | 347 |
Interest rate floors: |  |  |
Notional amount (in thousands) | $ | 4,000,000 |  |  | $ | 1,600,000 |
Strike rate low end of range | 1.38 | % |  | 1.00 | %
Strike rate low end of range | 2.00 | % |  | 1.00 | %
Effective date | July 2018 |  |  | September 2017 |
Maturity date range | June 2019 - September 2019 |  |  | December 2018 |
Total cost of interest rate floors (in thousands) | $ | 138 |  |  | $ | 65 |

_______________
No instruments were designated as cash flow hedges
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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
As of September 30, 2018, we held interest rate instruments as summarized in the table below:

Interest rate caps: (1) |  |
Notional amount (in thousands) |  | $ | 1,393,200 |
Strike rate low end of range |  | 2.43 | %
Strike rate low end of range |  | 11.61 | %
Effective date range |  | January 2017 - May 2018 |
Maturity date range |  | November 2018 - June 2020 |
Aggregate principal balance on corresponding mortgage loans (in thousands) |  | $ | 993,334 |
Interest rate floors: (1) (2) |  |
Notional amount (in thousands) |  | $ | 10,850,000 |
Strike rate low end of range |  | (0.25 | )%
Strike rate low end of range |  | 2.00 | %
Effective date range |  | July 2015 - July 2018 |
Maturity date range |  | March 2019 - July 2020 |

_______________

(1) | No instruments were designated as cash flow hedges.

(2) | Cash collateral is posted by us as well as our counterparties. We offset the fair value of the derivative and the obligation/right to return/reclaim cash collateral.

Credit Default Swap Derivatives—We use credit default swaps, tied to the CMBX index, to hedge financial and capital market risk. A credit default swap is a derivative contract that functions like an insurance policy against the credit risk of an entity or obligation. The seller of protection assumes the credit risk of the reference obligation from the buyer (us) of protection in exchange for annual premium payments. If a default or a loss, as defined in the credit default swap agreements, occurs on the underlying bonds, then the buyer of protection is protected against those losses. The only liability for us, the buyer, is the annual premium and any change in value of the underlying CMBX index (if the trade is terminated prior to maturity). For all CMBX trades completed to date, we were the buyer of protection. Credit default swaps are subject to master-netting settlement arrangements and credit support annexes. As of September 30, 2018, we held a credit default swap with a notional amount of $50.0 million, an effective date of August 2017 and an expected maturity date of October 2026. Assuming the underlying bonds pay off at par over their remaining average life, our estimated total exposure for these trades was approximately $2.3 million as of September 30, 2018. Cash collateral is posted by us as well as our counterparties. We offset the fair value of the derivative and the obligation/right to return/reclaim cash collateral. The change in market value of credit default swaps is settled net through posting cash collateral or reclaiming cash collateral between us and our counterparties when such change in market value is over $250,000.
11. Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Hierarchy—Our financial instruments measured at fair value either on a recurring or a non-recurring basis are classified in a hierarchy for disclosure purposes consisting of three levels based on the observability of inputs in the market place as discussed below:

• | Level 1: Fair value measurements that are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that we have the ability to access for identical assets or liabilities. Market price data generally is obtained from exchange or dealer markets.

• | Level 2: Fair value measurements based on inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.

• | Level 3: Fair value measurements based on valuation techniques that use significant inputs that are unobservable. The circumstances for using these measurements include those in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability.

The fair value of interest rate caps is determined using the market standard methodology of discounting the future expected cash receipts that would occur if variable interest rates rise above the strike rates of the caps. The variable interest rates used in the calculation of projected receipts on the caps are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves (LIBOR forward curves) and volatilities (the Level 2 inputs). We also incorporate credit valuation adjustments
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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
(the Level 3 inputs) to appropriately reflect both our own non-performance risk and the respective counterparty’s non-performance risk.
Fair value of credit default swaps are obtained from a third party who publishes various information including the index composition and price data (Level 2 inputs). The fair value of credit default swaps does not contain credit-risk-related adjustments as the change in fair value is settled net through posting cash collateral or reclaiming cash collateral between us and our counterparty.
The fair value of interest rate floors is calculated using a third-party discounted cash flow model based on future cash flows that are expected to be received over the remaining life of the floor. These expected future cash flows are probability-weighted projections based on the contract terms, accounting for both the magnitude and likelihood of potential payments, which are both computed using the appropriate LIBOR forward curve and market implied volatilities as of the valuation date (Level 2 inputs).
The fair value of options on futures contracts is determined based on the last reported settlement price as of the measurement date (Level 1 inputs). These exchange-traded options are centrally cleared, and a clearinghouse stands in between all trades to ensure that the obligations involved in the trades are satisfied.
When a majority of the inputs used to value our derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. However, when the valuation adjustments associated with our derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads, to evaluate the likelihood of default by us and our counter-parties, which we consider significant (10% or more) to the overall valuation of our derivatives, the derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Transfers of inputs between levels are determined at the end of each reporting period. In determining the fair values of our derivatives at September 30, 2018, the LIBOR interest rate forward curve (Level 2 inputs) assumed an uptrend from 2.261% to 3.032% for the remaining term of our derivatives. Credit spreads (Level 3 inputs) used in determining the fair values of hedge and non-hedge designated derivatives assumed an uptrend in nonperformance risk for us and all of our counterparties through the maturity dates.
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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following tables present our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis aggregated by the level within which measurements fall in the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):

| Quoted Market Prices (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting(1) |  | Total |
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate derivatives - floors | $ | — |  |  | $ | 72 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 113 |  |
Interest rate derivatives - caps | — |  |  | 82 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 82 |  |
Credit default swaps | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 619 |  |  | 632 |  |
| — |  |  | 167 |  |  | — |  |  | 660 |  |  | 827 |  | (2)
Non-derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment in Ashford Inc. | 14,786 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,786 |  |
Total | $ | 14,786 |  |  | $ | 167 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 660 |  |  | $ | 15,613 |  |

| Quoted Market Prices (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting(1) |  | Total |
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate derivatives - floors | $ | — |  |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 130 |  |
Interest rate derivatives - caps | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |
Credit default swaps | — |  |  | 102 |  |  | — |  |  | 358 |  |  | 460 |  |
| — |  |  | 224 |  |  | — |  |  | 370 |  |  | 594 |  | (2)
Non-derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment in Ashford Inc. | 18,124 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,124 |  |
Total | $ | 18,124 |  |  | $ | 224 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 370 |  |  | $ | 18,718 |  |

__________________

(1) | Represents net cash collateral posted between us and our counterparties.

(2) | Reported as “derivative assets” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
Effect of Fair Value Measured Assets and Liabilities on Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
The following table summarizes the effect of fair value measured assets and liabilities on the condensed consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):

|  | Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate derivatives - floors |  | $ | (134 | ) |  | $ | (132 | ) |  | $ | (218 | ) |  | $ | (1,026 | ) |
Interest rate derivatives - caps |  | (10 | ) |  | (24 | ) |  | (271 | ) |  | (341 | ) |
Credit default swaps |  | (434 | ) | (1) | (375 | ) | (1) | (314 | ) | (1) | (375 | ) | (1)
Options on futures contracts |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (58 | ) |
Total derivative assets |  | $ | (578 | ) |  | $ | (531 | ) |  | $ | (803 | ) |  | $ | (1,800 | ) |
Non-derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment in Ashford Inc. |  | 2,158 |  |  | 1,875 |  |  | (3,338 | ) |  | 3,403 |  |
Total |  | $ | 1,580 |  |  | $ | 1,344 |  |  | $ | (4,141 | ) |  | $ | 1,603 |  |
Total combined |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate derivatives - floors |  | $ | (134 | ) |  | $ | (132 | ) |  | $ | (218 | ) |  | $ | (1,026 | ) |
Interest rate derivatives - caps |  | (10 | ) |  | (24 | ) |  | (271 | ) |  | (341 | ) |
Credit default swaps |  | (434 | ) |  | (375 | ) |  | (314 | ) |  | (375 | ) |
Options on futures contracts |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 213 |  |
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives |  | (578 | ) |  | (531 | ) |  | (803 | ) |  | (1,529 | ) |
Realized gain (loss) on options on futures contracts |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (271 | ) | (2)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment in Ashford Inc. |  | 2,158 |  |  | 1,875 |  |  | (3,338 | ) |  | 3,403 |  |
Net |  | $ | 1,580 |  |  | $ | 1,344 |  |  | $ | (4,141 | ) |  | $ | 1,603 |  |

_______________

(1) | Excludes costs of $64 and $190 associated with credit default swaps for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and $22 for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, included in “other income (expense)” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

(2) | Included in “other income (expense)” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
12. Summary of Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Determining the estimated fair values of certain financial instruments such as notes receivable and indebtedness requires considerable judgment to interpret market data. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. Accordingly, the estimates presented are not necessarily indicative of the amounts at which these instruments could be purchased, sold or settled.
The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments were as follows (in thousands):

|  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
|  | Carrying Value |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Carrying Value |  | Estimated Fair Value
Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment in Ashford Inc. |  | $ | 14,786 |  |  | $ | 14,786 |  |  | $ | 18,124 |  |  | $ | 18,124 |
Derivative assets |  | 827 |  |  | 827 |  |  | 594 |  |  | 594 |
Financial assets not measured at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 163,825 |  |  | $ | 163,825 |  |  | $ | 137,522 |  |  | $ | 137,522 |
Restricted cash |  | 74,973 |  |  | 74,973 |  |  | 47,820 |  |  | 47,820 |
Accounts receivable, net |  | 23,715 |  |  | 23,715 |  |  | 14,334 |  |  | 14,334 |
Insurance receivable |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,825 |  |  | 8,825 |
Note receivable |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,098 |  |  | 8,020 to 8,864 |
Due from related party, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 349 |  |  | 349 |
Due from third-party hotel managers |  | 1,960 |  |  | 1,960 |  |  | 4,589 |  |  | 4,589 |
Financial liabilities not measured at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Indebtedness |  | $ | 993,334 |  |  | $939,985 to $1,038,930 |  |  | $ | 826,236 |  |  | $ 780,243 to $ 862,372 |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  | 67,441 |  |  | 67,441 |  |  | 56,803 |  |  | 56,803 |
Dividends and distributions payable |  | 8,840 |  |  | 8,840 |  |  | 8,146 |  |  | 8,146 |
Due to Ashford Inc. |  | 3,182 |  |  | 3,182 |  |  | 1,703 |  |  | 1,703 |
Due to related party, net |  | 8 |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Due to third-party hotel managers |  | 2,608 |  |  | 2,608 |  |  | 1,709 |  |  | 1,709 |

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. These financial assets have maturities of less than 90 days and most bear interest at market rates. The carrying value approximates fair value due to their short-term nature. This is considered a Level 1 valuation technique.
Accounts receivable, net, insurance receivable, due to/from related party, net, accounts payable and accrued expenses, dividends and distributions payable, due to Ashford Inc. and due to/from third-party hotel managers. The carrying values of these financial instruments approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. This is considered a Level 1 valuation technique.
Note receivable. Fair value of the note receivable was determined by using similar loans with similar collateral. Since there is very little to no trading activity, we relied on our internal analysis of what we believe a willing buyer would pay for this note at December 31, 2017. We estimated the fair value of the note receivable to be approximately 1.0% lower to 9.5% higher than the carrying value of $8.1 million at December 31, 2017. This is considered a Level 2 valuation technique.
Investment in Ashford Inc. Fair value of the investment in Ashford Inc. is based on the quoted closing price on the balance sheet date. This is considered a Level 1 valuation technique.
Derivative assets. Fair value of interest rate caps is determined using the net present value of expected cash flows of each derivative based on the market-based interest rate curve and adjusted for credit spreads of us and our counterparties. Fair value of credit default swaps are obtained from a third party who publishes the CMBX index composition and price data. Fair values of interest rate floors are calculated using a third-party discounted cash flow model based on future cash flows that are expected to be received over the remaining life of the floor. See notes 10 and 11 for a complete description of the methodology and assumptions utilized in determining fair values.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
Indebtedness. Fair value of indebtedness is determined using future cash flows discounted at current replacement rates for these instruments. Cash flows are determined using a forward interest rate yield curve. The current replacement rates are determined by using the U.S. Treasury yield curve or the index to which these financial instruments are tied, and adjusted for the credit spreads. Credit spreads take into consideration general market conditions, maturity and collateral. We estimated the fair value of the total indebtedness to be approximately 94.6% to 104.6% of the carrying value of $993.3 million at September 30, 2018, and approximately 94.4% to 104.4% of the carrying value of $826.2 million at December 31, 2017. This is considered a Level 2 valuation technique.
13. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Operating Partnership
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership represents the limited partners’ proportionate share of equity and their allocable share of equity in earnings/losses of Braemar OP, which is an allocation of net income/loss attributable to the common unitholders based on the weighted average ownership percentage of these limited partners’ common units of limited partnership interest in the operating partnership (“common units”) and units issued under our Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “LTIP units”) that are vested. Each common unit may be redeemed, by the holder, for either cash or, at our sole discretion, up to one share of our REIT common stock, which is either: (i) issued pursuant to an effective registration statement; (ii) included in an effective registration statement providing for the resale of such common stock; or (iii) issued subject to a registration rights agreement.
LTIP units, which are issued to certain executives and employees of Ashford LLC as compensation, generally have vesting periods of three years. Additionally, certain independent members of the board of directors have elected to receive LTIP units as part of their compensation, which are fully vested upon grant. Upon reaching economic parity with common units, each vested LTIP unit can be converted by the holder into one common unit which can then be redeemed for cash or, at our election, settled in our common stock. An LTIP unit will achieve parity with the common units upon the sale or deemed sale of all or substantially all of the assets of our operating partnership at a time when our stock is trading at a level in excess of the price it was trading on the date of the LTIP issuance. More specifically, LTIP units will achieve full economic parity with common units in connection with (i) the actual sale of all or substantially all of the assets of our operating partnership or (ii) the hypothetical sale of such assets, which results from a capital account revaluation, as defined in the partnership agreement, for our operating partnership.
The compensation committee of the board of directors of the Company approves the issuance of performance-based LTIP units to certain executive officers from time to time. The award agreements provide for the grant of a target number of performance-based LTIP units that will be settled in common units of Braemar OP, if and when the applicable vesting criteria have been achieved following the end of the performance and service period. The target number of performance-based LTIP units may be adjusted from 0% to 200% based on achievement of a specified relative total stockholder return based on the formula determined by the Company’s Compensation Committee on the grant date. As of September 30, 2018, there are approximately 804,000 performance-based LTIP units, representing 200% of the target, outstanding. The performance criteria for the performance-based LTIP units are based on market conditions under the relevant literature, and the performance-based LTIP units were granted to non-employees. Upon the adoption of ASU 2018-07, the corresponding compensation cost is recognized ratably over the service period for the award as the service is rendered, based on the grant date fair value of the award, regardless of the actual outcome of the market condition as opposed to being accounted for at fair value based on the market price of the shares at each quarterly measurement date.
As of September 30, 2018, we have issued a total of 1.9 million LTIP units (including performance-based LTIP units), net of forfeitures, all of which, other than approximately 155,000 LTIP units and 593,000 performance based LTIP units issued from March 2015 to August 2018 had reached full economic parity with, and are convertible into, common units.
The following table presents compensation expense for performance LTIP units and LTIP units (in thousands):

|  |  |  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
Type |  | Line Item |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |
Performance LTIP units |  | Advisory services fee |  | $ | 245 |  |  | $ | (633 | ) | (1) | $ | 539 |  |  | $ | (1,737 | ) | (1)
LTIP units |  | Advisory services fee |  | 269 |  |  | 108 |  |  | 707 |  |  | 281 |  |
LTIP units - independent directors |  | Corporate, general and administrative |  | 61 |  |  | — |  |  | 61 |  |  | 64 |  |

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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
____________________________________

(1) | The credit to compensation expense is a result of lower fair values as compared to prior periods.

The unamortized cost of the unvested performance-based LTIP units of $1.8 million at September 30, 2018, will be expensed over a period of 2.3 years. The unamortized cost of the unvested LTIP units of $2.1 million at September 30, 2018, will be amortized over a period of 2.5 years.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, approximately 0 and 6,000 common units, with an aggregate redemption fair value of $0 and $82,000, were redeemed by the holders and, at our election, we issued shares of our common stock to satisfy the redemption. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, no common units were redeemed.
The following table presents the redeemable noncontrolling interests in Braemar OP (in thousands) and the corresponding approximate ownership percentage of our operating partnership:

| September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in Braemar OP | $ | 49,726 |  |  | $ | 46,627 |
Adjustments to redeemable noncontrolling interests (1) | 3,167 |  |  | — |
Ownership percentage of operating partnership | 11.22 | % |  | 11.43 | %

____________________________________

(1) | Reflects the excess of the redemption value over the accumulated historical costs

We allocated net income (loss) to the redeemable noncontrolling interests and declared aggregate cash distributions to the holders of common units and holders of LTIP units, which are recorded as a reduction of redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership, as illustrated in the table below (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Allocated net (income) loss to the redeemable noncontrolling interests | $ | 452 |  |  | $ | 360 |  |  | $ | (1,075 | ) |  | $ | 958 |
Aggregate distributions to holders of common units, LTIP units and performance LTIP units | 824 |  |  | 859 |  |  | 2,468 |  |  | 2,508 |

14. Equity and Stock-Based Compensation
Dividends—The following table summarizes the common stock dividends declared during the period (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Common stock dividends declared | $ | 5,204 |  |  | $ | 5,112 |  |  | $ | 15,607 |  |  | $ | 15,307 |

Performance Stock Units—The compensation committee of the board of directors of the Company approves the issuance of grants of PSUs to certain executive officers from time to time. The award agreements provide for the grant of a target number of PSUs that will be settled in shares of common stock of the Company, if and when the applicable vesting criteria have been achieved following the end of the performance and service period, generally, three years from the issuance date. The target number of PSUs may be adjusted from 0% to 200% based on achievement of a specified relative total stockholder return based on the formula determined by the Company’s Compensation Committee on the grant date. The performance criteria for the PSUs are based on market conditions under the relevant literature, and the PSUs were granted to non-employees. Upon the adoption of ASU 2018-07, the corresponding compensation cost is recognized ratably over the service period for the award as the service is rendered, based on the grant date fair value of the award, regardless of the actual outcome of the market condition as opposed to being accounted for at fair value based on the market price of the shares at each quarterly measurement date.
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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
The following table summarizes the compensation expense for PSUs (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
Line Item |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Advisory services fee |  | $ | 287 |  |  | $ | (668 | ) |  | $ | 2,156 |  |  | $ | (1,476 | )

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, approximately $1.6 million of the compensation expense was related to the accelerated vesting of PSUs granted to one of our executive officers upon his death, in accordance with the terms of the awards. These amounts are included in “advisory services fee” on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
As of September 30, 2018, we had unamortized compensation expense of $2.3 million related to PSUs which is expected to be recognized over a period of 2.3 years.
Restricted Stock Units—We incur stock-based compensation expense in connection with restricted stock units awarded to employees of Ashford LLC, included in “advisory services fee,” on our condensed consolidated statements of operations, employees of Remington Lodging, included in “management fees” on our condensed consolidated statements of operations and common stock issued to our independent directors, which immediately vests, and is included in “corporate general and administrative” expense on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
At September 30, 2018, the outstanding restricted shares had a fair value of $5.8 million. At September 30, 2018, the unamortized cost of the unvested shares of restricted stock was $4.4 million, which will be expensed over a period of 3.1 years, and have vesting dates between March 2019 and November 2021.
The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock units (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
Line Item |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Advisory services fee |  | $ | 515 |  |  | $ | 245 |  |  | $ | 1,838 |  |  | $ | 634 |
Management fees |  | 53 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 164 |  |  | 61 |
Corporate general and administrative |  | 243 |  |  | — |  |  | 243 |  |  | 181 |
|  | $ | 811 |  |  | $ | 272 |  |  | $ | 2,245 |  |  | $ | 876 |

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, approximately $640,000 of the compensation expense was related to the accelerated vesting of equity awards granted to one of our executive officers upon his death, in accordance with the terms of the awards.
Stock Repurchases—On December 5, 2017, our board of directors reapproved the stock repurchase program pursuant to which the board of directors granted a repurchase authorization to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share having an aggregate value of up to $50 million. The board of directors’ authorization replaced any previous repurchase authorizations.
No shares were repurchased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, pursuant to this authorization. As of September 30, 2018, we have purchased a cumulative 4.3 million shares of our common stock, for approximately $63.2 million, since the program’s inception on November 4, 2014.
At-the-Market Equity Distribution Program—On December 11, 2017, as subsequently amended, the Company established an “at-the-market” equity distribution program pursuant to which it may, from time to time, sell shares of its Common Stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $50 million. As of September 30, 2018, no shares of our common stock have been sold under this program.
Noncontrolling Interest in Consolidated Entities—A partner had noncontrolling ownership interests of 25% in two hotel properties with a total carrying value of $(5.7) million and $(4.8) million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
The following table summarizes the (income) loss allocated to noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
(Income) loss allocated to noncontrolling interests |  | $ | (1,695 | ) |  | $ | (1,143 | ) |  | $ | (1,742 | ) |  | $ | (2,736 | )

15. 5.5% Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock
Each share of our 5.5% Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series B Convertible Preferred Stock”) is convertible at any time, at the option of the holder, into a number of whole shares of common stock at an initial conversion price of $18.90 (which represents an initial conversion rate of 1.3228 shares of our common stock, subject to certain adjustments). The Series B Convertible Preferred Stock is also subject to conversion upon certain events constituting a change of control. Holders of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock have no voting rights, subject to certain exceptions.
The Company may, at its option, cause the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock to be converted in whole or in part, on a pro-rata basis, into fully paid and nonassessable shares of the Company’s common stock at the conversion price, provided that the “Closing Bid Price” (as defined in the Articles Supplementary) of the Company’s common stock shall have equaled or exceeded 110% of the conversion price for the immediately preceding 45 consecutive trading days ending three days prior to the date of notice of conversion. In the event of such mandatory conversion, the Company shall pay holders of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock any additional dividend payment to make the holder whole on dividends expected to be received through June 11, 2019, in an amount equal to the net present value, where the discount rate is the dividend rate on the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, of the difference between (i) the annual dividend payments the holders of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock would have received in cash from the date of the mandatory conversion to June 11, 2019, and (ii) the common stock quarterly dividend payments the holders of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock would have received over the same time period had such holders held common stock.
Additionally, the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock contains cash redemption features that consist of: 1) an optional redemption in which on or after June 11, 2020, the Company may redeem shares of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, for cash at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus any accumulated, accrued and unpaid dividends; 2) a special optional redemption, in which on or prior to the occurrence of a Change of Control (as defined), the Company may redeem shares of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, for cash at a redemption price of $25.00 per share plus a make-whole premium equal to the present value, computed using a discount rate of 5.5% per annum compounded quarterly, of all dividend payments on the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock for all remaining dividend periods (excluding any accumulated dividend amount) from the date of such exercise up to but excluding June 11, 2019; and 3) a REIT Termination Event and Listing Event Redemption, in which at any time (i) a REIT Termination Event (defined below) occurs or (ii) the Company’s common stock fails to be listed on the NYSE, NYSE American, or NASDAQ, or listed or quoted on an exchange or quotation system that is a successor thereto (each a “National Exchange”), the holder of Series B Cumulative Preferred Stock shall have the right to require the Company to redeem any or all shares of Series B Cumulative Preferred Stock at 103% of the liquidation preference ($25.00 per share, plus any accumulated, accrued, and unpaid dividends) in cash.
A REIT Termination Event, shall mean the earliest of:

(i) | filing of income tax return where the Company does not compute its income as a REIT;

(ii) | stockholders’ approval on ceasing to be qualified as a REIT;

(iii) | board of directors’ approval on ceasing to be qualified as a REIT;

(iv) | board’s determination based on advise of the counsel to cease to be qualified as a REIT; or

(v) | determination within the meaning of Section 1313(a) of IRC to cease to be qualified as a REIT.

On March 7, 2017, we closed an offering of approximately 2.0 million shares of our Series B Convertible Preferred Stock at $20.19 per share for gross proceeds of $39.9 million. The net proceeds to us, after underwriting discounts and offering expenses were approximately $38.2 million. Dividends on the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock accrue at a rate of 5.50% on the liquidation preference of $25.00 per share. On March 31, 2017, the underwriters partially exercised their over-allotment option and purchased an additional 100,000 shares of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, which closed on April 5, 2017. The net proceeds from the partial exercise of the over-allotment option after underwriting discounts were approximately $1.9 million.
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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
At September 30, 2018, we had 5.0 million outstanding shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock that do not meet the requirements for permanent equity classification prescribed by the authoritative guidance because of certain cash redemption features that are outside our control. As such, the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock is classified outside of permanent equity.
The Series B Convertible Preferred Stock dividend for all issued and outstanding shares is set at $1.375 per annum per share.
The following table summarizes dividends declared (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Series B convertible preferred stock | $ | 1,707 |  |  | $ | 1,707 |  |  | $ | 5,122 |  |  | $ | 5,087 |

16. Commitments and Contingencies
Restricted Cash—Under certain management and debt agreements for our hotel properties existing at September 30, 2018, escrow payments are required for insurance, real estate taxes and debt service. In addition, for certain properties based on the terms of the underlying debt and management agreements, we escrow 4% to 5% of gross revenues for capital improvements.
Management Fees—Under management agreements for our hotel properties existing at September 30, 2018, we pay a) monthly property management fees equal to the greater of $14,000 (increased annually based on consumer price index adjustments) or 3% of gross revenues, or in some cases 2% to 7% of gross revenues, as well as annual incentive management fees, if applicable, b) project management fees of up to 4% of project costs, c) market service fees including purchasing, design and construction management not to exceed 16.5% of project management budget cumulatively, including project management fees, and d) other general fees at current market rates as approved by our independent directors, if required. These management agreements expire from December 2019 through December 2065, with renewal options. If we terminate a management agreement prior to its expiration, we may be liable for estimated management fees through the remaining term, liquidated damages or, in certain circumstances, we may substitute a new management agreement.
Income Taxes—We and our subsidiaries file income tax returns in the federal jurisdiction and various states. Tax years 2014 through 2017 remain subject to potential examination by certain federal and state taxing authorities.
Litigation—We are engaged in various legal proceedings which have arisen but have not been fully adjudicated. The likelihood of loss from these legal proceedings, based on definitions within contingency accounting literature, ranges from remote to reasonably possible and to probable. Based on estimates of the range of potential losses associated with these matters, management does not believe the ultimate resolution of these proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations. However, the final results of legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty and if we fail to prevail in one or more of these legal matters, and the associated realized losses exceed our current estimates of the range of potential losses, our consolidated financial position or results of operations could be materially adversely affected in future periods.
17. Segment Reporting
We operate in one business segment within the hotel lodging industry: direct hotel investments. Direct hotel investments refer to owning hotel properties through either acquisition or new development. We report operating results of direct hotel investments on an aggregate basis as substantially all of our hotel investments have similar economic characteristics and exhibit similar long-term financial performance. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, all of our hotel properties were in the U.S. and its territories.
18. Related Party Transactions
Ashford LLC, a subsidiary of Ashford Inc., acts as our advisor, and as a result, we pay advisory fees to Ashford LLC. We are required to pay Ashford LLC a monthly base fee that is 1/12th of 0.70% of our total market capitalization plus the Key Money Asset Management Fee (defined in our advisory agreement as the aggregate gross asset value of all key money assets multiplied by 1/12th of 0.70%), subject to a minimum monthly base fee, as payment for managing our day-to-day operations in accordance with our investment guidelines. Total market capitalization includes the aggregate principal amount of our consolidated indebtedness (including our proportionate share of debt of any entity that is not consolidated but excluding our joint venture partners’ proportionate share of consolidated debt). We are also required to pay Ashford LLC an incentive fee that is measured annually. Each year that our annual total stockholder return exceeds the average annual total stockholder return for our peer group, we will pay Ashford LLC an incentive fee over the following three years, subject to the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (“FCCR”)
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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
Condition, as defined in the advisory agreement, which relates to the ratio of adjusted EBITDA to fixed charges. We also reimburse Ashford LLC for certain reimbursable overhead and internal audit, risk management advisory and asset management services, as specified in the advisory agreement. We also record equity-based compensation expense for equity grants of common stock and LTIP units awarded to our officers and employees of Ashford LLC in connection with providing advisory services equal to the fair value of the award in proportion to the requisite service period satisfied during the period.
The following table summarizes the advisory services fees incurred (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Advisory services fee |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Base advisory fee | $ | 2,508 |  |  | $ | 2,300 |  |  | $ | 6,928 |  |  | $ | 6,579 |
Reimbursable expenses (1) | 529 |  |  | 462 |  |  | 1,448 |  |  | 1,541 |
Equity-based compensation (2) | 1,316 |  |  | (948 | ) |  | 5,240 |  |  | (2,298 | )
Incentive fee | 1,380 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,241 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 5,733 |  |  | $ | 1,814 |  |  | $ | 15,857 |  |  | $ | 5,822 |

________

(1) | Reimbursable expenses include overhead, internal audit, risk management advisory and asset management services.

(2) | Equity-based compensation is associated with equity grants of Braemar’s common stock, PSUs, LTIP units and Performance LTIP units awarded to officers and employees of Ashford LLC.

In connection with the acquisition of the Bardessono Hotel in 2015 and Ashford Inc.’s engagement to provide hotel advisory services to us, Ashford Inc. agreed to provide $2.0 million of key money consideration in the form of furniture, fixtures and equipment to be used by Braemar. This arrangement is accounted for as a lease, in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance. As such, a portion of the base advisory fee is allocated to lease expense equal to the estimated fair value of the lease payments that would have been made. Lease expense of $84,000 and $252,000 was recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, and was included in “other” hotel expense in the consolidated statements of operations. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, this expense was $84,000 and $252,000.
Certain employees of Remington Lodging, who perform work on behalf of Braemar, were granted approximately 22,000 and 21,000 shares of restricted stock under the Braemar Stock Plan in 2017 and 2018, respectively. These share grants were accounted for under the applicable accounting guidance related to share-based payments granted to non-employees and are recorded as a component of “management fees” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, expense related to such grants was $53,000 and $164,000, respectively. For both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, expense related to such grants was $27,000 and $61,000, respectively. The unamortized compensation expense of these grants was $363,000 as of September 30, 2018, which will be amortized over a period of 2.5 years.
On August 8, 2018, Ashford Inc. completed the acquisition of Premier Project Management LLC (“Premier”), the project management business formerly conducted by certain affiliates of Remington Lodging, including construction management, interior design, architectural oversight, and the purchasing, freight management, and supervision of installation of furniture, fixtures, and equipment, and related services. As a result of Ashford Inc.’s acquisition, the project management services that were previously provided by Remington Lodging will now be provided by a subsidiary of Ashford Inc. under the respective project management agreement with each customer, including Ashford Trust and Braemar.
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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
In accordance with our advisory agreement, our advisor, or entities in which our advisor has an interest, have a right to provide products or services to us or our hotel properties, provided such transactions are evaluated and approved by our independent directors. The following tables summarize the entities in which our advisor has an interest with which we or our hotel properties contracted for products and services, the amounts recorded by us for those services and the applicable classification on our condensed consolidated financial statements (in thousands):

|  |  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Company |  | Product or Service | Total, net | Investments in Hotel Properties, net (1) |  | Indebtedness, net (2) |  | Other Hotel Expenses |  | Corporate General and Administrative
OpenKey |  | Mobile key app | $ | 5 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | — |
Pure Rooms |  | Hypoallergenic premium rooms | 128 |  | 117 |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |
RED Leisure |  | Watersports activities and travel/transportation services | 180 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 180 |  |  | — |
Premier |  | Project management services | 1,125 |  | 1,125 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Ashford LLC |  | Insurance claims services | 31 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |

________

(1) | Recorded in furniture, fixtures and equipment and depreciated over the estimated useful life.

(2) | Recorded as deferred loan costs, which are included in “indebtedness, net” on our consolidated balance sheets and amortized over the initial term of the applicable loan agreement.

|  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Company |  | Product or Service | Total, net | Investments in Hotel Properties, net (1) |  | Indebtedness, net (2) |  | Other Hotel Expenses |  | Corporate General and Administrative
OpenKey |  | Mobile key app | $ | 17 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | — |
Pure Rooms |  | Hypoallergenic premium rooms | 147 |  | 117 |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |  |  | — |
RED Leisure |  | Watersports activities and travel/transportation services | 540 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 540 |  |  | — |
Premier |  | Project management services | 1,125 |  | 1,125 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Lismore Capital |  | Mortgage placement services | 999 |  | — |  |  | (999 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Ashford LLC |  | Insurance claims services | 100 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 100 |

________

(1) | Recorded in furniture, fixtures and equipment and depreciated over the estimated useful life.

(2) | Recorded as deferred loan costs, which are included in “indebtedness, net” on our consolidated balance sheets and amortized over the initial term of the applicable loan agreement.

The following table summarizes the due to Ashford Inc. (in thousands):

|  |  |  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Company |  | Product or Service |  | Due to Ashford Inc.
Ashford LLC |  | Advisory services |  | $ | 2,525 |  |  | $ | 1,654 |
Ashford LLC |  | Insurance claims services |  | 30 |  |  | — |
OpenKey |  | Mobile key app |  | 2 |  |  | 4 |
Pure Rooms |  | Hypoallergenic premium rooms |  | — |  |  | 45 |
Premier |  | Project management services |  | 625 |  |  | — |
|  |  |  | $ | 3,182 |  |  | $ | 1,703 |

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ITEM 2.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, unless the context otherwise indicates, the references to “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company” or “Braemar” refer to Braemar Hotels & Resorts Inc. (formerly Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc.), a Maryland corporation, and, as the context may require, its consolidated subsidiaries, including Braemar Hospitality Limited Partnership (formerly Ashford Hospitality Prime Limited Partnership), a Delaware limited partnership, which we refer to as “our operating partnership” or “Braemar OP.” “Ashford Trust” refers to Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation, and, as the context may require, its consolidated subsidiaries, including Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership and Ashford Trust’s operating partnership. “Ashford LLC” refers to Ashford Hospitality Advisors LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a subsidiary of Ashford Inc. “Remington Lodging” refers to Remington Lodging & Hospitality, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, which (together with its affiliates) is a property management company owned by Mr. Monty J. Bennett, chairman of our board of directors, and his father, Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr., chairman emeritus of Ashford Trust. “Our TRSs” refers to our taxable REIT subsidiaries, including Braemar TRS Corporation (formerly Ashford Prime TRS Corporation), a Delaware corporation, which we refer to as “Braemar TRS,” and its subsidiaries, together with the two taxable REIT subsidiaries that lease our two hotels held in a consolidated joint venture and are wholly-owned by the joint venture and the U.S. Virgin Islands’ (“USVI”) taxable REIT subsidiary that owns the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas hotel.
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Form 10-Q”) contains registered trademarks that are the exclusive property of their respective owners, which are companies other than us, including Marriott International®, Hilton Worldwide®, Sofitel®, Hyatt® and Accor®.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Throughout this Form 10-Q, we make forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements are generally identifiable by use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “potential,” “intend,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “approximately,” “believe,” “could,” “project,” “predict,” or other similar words or expressions. Additionally, statements regarding the following subjects are forward-looking by their nature:

• | our business and investment strategy;

• | our projected operating results and dividend rates;

• | our ability to obtain future debt and equity financing arrangements;

• | our understanding of our competition;

• | market trends;

• | projected capital expenditures;

• | anticipated acquisitions or dispositions; and

• | the impact of technology on our operations and business.

Forward-looking statements are based on certain assumptions, discuss future expectations, describe future plans and strategies, contain financial and operating projections or state other forward looking information. Our ability to predict results or the actual effect of future events, actions, plans or strategies is inherently uncertain. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in our forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, taking into account all information currently available to us, our actual results and performance could differ materially from those set forth in our forward-looking statements. Factors that could have a material adverse effect on our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

• | factors discussed in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, as originally filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 14, 2018 (the “ 2017 10-K”), including those set forth under the sections titled “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Business,” and “Properties,” as updated in our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q;

• | general volatility of the capital markets, the general economy or the hospitality industry, whether the result of market events or otherwise;

• | our ability to deploy capital and raise additional capital at reasonable costs to repay debts, invest in our properties and fund future acquisitions;

• | unanticipated increases in financing and other costs, including a rise in interest rates;

• | the degree and nature of our competition;

• | actual and potential conflicts of interest with Ashford Trust, Ashford LLC, Ashford Inc., Remington Lodging, our executive officers and our non-independent directors;

• | changes in personnel of Ashford LLC or the lack of availability of qualified personnel;

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• | changes in governmental regulations, accounting rules, tax rates and similar matters;

• | legislative and regulatory changes, including changes to the Internal Revenue Code and related rules, regulations and interpretations governing the taxation of real estate investment trusts (“REITs”); and

• | limitations imposed on our business and our ability to satisfy complex rules in order for us to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

When considering forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the matters summarized under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part I of our 2017 10-K and any subsequent updates to this disclosure in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and the discussion in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, could cause our actual results and performance to differ significantly from those contained in our forward-looking statements. Accordingly, we cannot guarantee future results or performance. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any of these forward-looking statements, which reflect our views as of the date of this Form 10-Q. Furthermore, we do not intend to update any of our forward-looking statements after the date of this Form 10-Q to conform these statements to actual results and performance, except as may be required by applicable law.
Overview
We are a Maryland corporation formed in April 2013 as Ashford Hospitality Prime, Inc. and changed our name to Braemar Hotels & Resorts Inc. in April 2018. We invest primarily in high revenue per available room (“RevPAR”), luxury hotels and resorts. High RevPAR, for purposes of our investment strategy, means RevPAR of at least twice the then-current U.S. national average RevPAR for all hotels as determined by Smith Travel Research. Two times the U.S. national average was $167 for the year ended December 31, 2017. We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code beginning with our short taxable year ended December 31, 2013. We conduct our business and own substantially all of our assets through our operating partnership, Braemar OP.
We operate in the direct hotel investment segment of the hotel lodging industry. As of October 31, 2018, we owned interests in twelve hotel properties in six states, the District of Columbia and St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands with 3,549 total rooms, or 3,314 net rooms, excluding those attributable to our joint venture partner. The hotel properties in our current portfolio are predominantly located in U.S. urban markets and resort locations with favorable growth characteristics resulting from multiple demand generators. We own ten of our hotel properties directly, and the remaining two hotel properties through an investment in a majority-owned consolidated entity.
We are advised by Ashford LLC, a subsidiary of Ashford Inc., through an advisory agreement. All of the hotel properties in our portfolio are currently asset-managed by Ashford LLC. We do not have any employees. All of the services that might be provided by employees are provided to us by Ashford LLC.
On April 23, 2018, in connection with our name change, we entered into the Fifth Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement with Ashford LLC (the “Fifth Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement”). The Fifth Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement amends the prior amended and restated advisory agreement only to reflect the name change and does not amend or otherwise alter the rights of any of the parties thereto.
Pursuant to the termination provisions of the Fifth Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement, the revenues and expenses used to calculate Net Earnings (as defined) for the twelve months ended September 30, 2018, are as follows (in thousands):

Revenues | $ | 21,835 |
Expenses | (9,544 | )
Net Earnings | $ | 12,291 |

Recent Developments
On March 28, 2018, the Company made a $2.0 million investment in OpenKey, which is controlled and consolidated by Ashford Inc., for an 8.2% ownership interest, which investment was approved by our Related Party Transactions Committee and the independent members of our board of directors. OpenKey is a hospitality focused mobile key platform that provides a universal smart phone app for keyless entry into hotel guestrooms.
On April 4, 2018, the Company acquired a 100% interest in the 266-room Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota in Sarasota, Florida for $171.4 million and a 22-acre plot of vacant land for $9.7 million. Concurrent with the completion of the acquisition, the Company completed the financing of a $100.0 million mortgage loan. This mortgage loan provides for a floating interest rate of LIBOR +
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2.65%. The mortgage loan is interest only until July 1, 2021 and then amortizes 1% annually for the remaining term. The stated maturity is April 2023.
On May 23, 2018, the Company refinanced two mortgage loans totaling $357.6 million with a new $435.0 million mortgage loan with a two-year initial term and five one-year extension options subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. As a result of the refinance the Tampa Renaissance became unencumbered. The new mortgage loan is interest only and bears interest at a rate of LIBOR + 2.16%. The loan is secured by four hotels: Seattle Marriott Waterfront, San Francisco Courtyard Downtown, Philadelphia Courtyard Downtown and Sofitel Chicago Magnificent Mile.
On June 1, 2018, the Company completed the sale of the 293-room Tampa Renaissance in Tampa, Florida for $68.0 million. The sale resulted in a gain of $15.7 million for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and is included in “gain (loss) on sale of hotel property” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. The closing of the sale completed a reverse 1031 exchange that was initiated to acquire the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota.
Key Indicators of Operating Performance
We use a variety of operating and other information to evaluate the operating performance of our business. These key indicators include financial information that is prepared in accordance with GAAP as well as other financial measures that are non-GAAP measures. In addition, we use other information that may not be financial in nature, including statistical information and comparative data. We use this information to measure the operating performance of our individual hotels, groups of hotels and/or business as a whole. We also use these metrics to evaluate the hotels in our portfolio and potential acquisitions to determine each hotel’s contribution to cash flow and its potential to provide attractive long-term total returns. These key indicators include:

• | Occupancy-Occupancy means the total number of hotel rooms sold in a given period divided by the total number of rooms available. Occupancy measures the utilization of our hotels’ available capacity. We use occupancy to measure demand at a specific hotel or group of hotels in a given period.

• | ADR-ADR means average daily rate and is calculated by dividing total hotel rooms revenues by total number of rooms sold in a given period. ADR measures average room price attained by a hotel and ADR trends provide useful information concerning the pricing environment and the nature of the customer base of a hotel or group of hotels. We use ADR to assess the pricing levels that we are able to generate.

• | RevPAR-RevPAR means revenue per available room and is calculated by multiplying ADR by the average daily occupancy. RevPAR is one of the commonly used measures within the hotel industry to evaluate hotel operations. RevPAR does not include revenues from food and beverage sales or parking, telephone or other non-rooms revenues generated by the property. Although RevPAR does not include these ancillary revenues, it is generally considered the leading indicator of core revenues for many hotels. We also use RevPAR to compare the results of our hotels between periods and to analyze results of our comparable hotels (comparable hotels represent hotels we have owned for the entire period). RevPAR improvements attributable to increases in occupancy are generally accompanied by increases in most categories of variable operating costs. RevPAR improvements attributable to increases in ADR are generally accompanied by increases in limited categories of operating costs, such as management fees and franchise fees.

RevPAR changes that are primarily driven by changes in occupancy have different implications for overall revenues and profitability than changes that are driven primarily by changes in ADR. For example, an increase in occupancy at a hotel would lead to additional variable operating costs (including housekeeping services, utilities and room supplies) and could also result in increased other operating department revenue and expense. Changes in ADR typically have a greater impact on operating margins and profitability as they do not have a substantial effect on variable operating costs.
Occupancy, ADR and RevPAR are commonly used measures within the lodging industry to evaluate operating performance. RevPAR is an important statistic for monitoring operating performance at the individual hotel level and across our entire business. We evaluate individual hotel RevPAR performance on an absolute basis with comparisons to budget and prior periods, as well as on a regional and company-wide basis. ADR and RevPAR include only rooms revenue. Rooms revenue comprised approximately 68.3% and 65.7% of our total hotel revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, and is dictated by demand (as measured by occupancy), pricing (as measured by ADR) and our available supply of hotel rooms.
We also use funds from operations (“FFO”), Adjusted FFO (“AFFO”), earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization for real estate (“EBITDAre”) and Adjusted EBITDAre as measures of the operating performance of our business. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
The following table summarizes changes in key line items from our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands except percentages):

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Favorable (Unfavorable)
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rooms | $ | 74,358 |  |  | $ | 77,336 |  |  | $ | (2,978 | ) |  | (3.9 | )%
Food and beverage | 21,171 |  |  | 23,147 |  |  | (1,976 | ) |  | (8.5 | )
Other | 13,317 |  |  | 7,597 |  |  | 5,720 |  |  | 75.3 |
Total hotel revenue | 108,846 |  |  | 108,080 |  |  | 766 |  |  | 0.7 |
Other | — |  |  | 39 |  |  | (39 | ) |  | (100.0 | )
Total revenue | 108,846 |  |  | 108,119 |  |  | 727 |  |  | 0.7 |
Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hotel operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rooms | 16,624 |  |  | 17,698 |  |  | 1,074 |  |  | 6.1 |
Food and beverage | 16,171 |  |  | 17,766 |  |  | 1,595 |  |  | 9.0 |
Other expenses | 32,058 |  |  | 35,182 |  |  | 3,124 |  |  | 8.9 |
Management fees | 3,963 |  |  | 3,889 |  |  | (74 | ) |  | (1.9 | )
Total hotel expenses | 68,816 |  |  | 74,535 |  |  | 5,719 |  |  | 7.7 |
Property taxes, insurance and other | 6,835 |  |  | 5,197 |  |  | (1,638 | ) |  | (31.5 | )
Depreciation and amortization | 14,474 |  |  | 14,133 |  |  | (341 | ) |  | (2.4 | )
Impairment charges | — |  |  | 1,008 |  |  | 1,008 |  |  | 100.0 |
Advisory services fee | 5,733 |  |  | 1,814 |  |  | (3,919 | ) |  | (216.0 | )
Transaction costs | — |  |  | 244 |  |  | 244 |  |  | 100.0 |
Corporate general and administrative | 1,765 |  |  | 1,602 |  |  | (163 | ) |  | (10.2 | )
Total expenses | 97,623 |  |  | 98,533 |  |  | 910 |  |  | 0.9 |
Operating income (loss) | 11,223 |  |  | 9,586 |  |  | 1,637 |  |  | 17.1 |
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated entity | (81 | ) |  | — |  |  | (81 | ) |  |  |
Interest income | 540 |  |  | 198 |  |  | 342 |  |  | 172.7 |
Other income (expense) | (64 | ) |  | (22 | ) |  | (42 | ) |  | (190.9 | )
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs | (13,084 | ) |  | (10,610 | ) |  | (2,474 | ) |  | (23.3 | )
Write-off of loan costs and exit fees | — |  |  | (380 | ) |  | 380 |  |  | 100.0 |
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment in Ashford Inc. | 2,158 |  |  | 1,875 |  |  | 283 |  |  | 15.1 |
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives | (578 | ) |  | (531 | ) |  | (47 | ) |  | (8.9 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes | 114 |  |  | 116 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (1.7 | )
Income tax (expense) benefit | (740 | ) |  | (333 | ) |  | (407 | ) |  | (122.2 | )
Net income (loss) | (626 | ) |  | (217 | ) |  | (409 | ) |  | (188.5 | )
(Income) loss from consolidated entities attributable to noncontrolling interest | (1,695 | ) |  | (1,143 | ) |  | (552 | ) |  | (48.3 | )
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership | 452 |  |  | 360 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 25.6 |
Net income (loss) attributable to the Company | $ | (1,869 | ) |  | $ | (1,000 | ) |  | $ | (869 | ) |  | 86.9 | %

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All hotel properties owned for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 have been included in our results of operations during the respective periods in which they were owned. Based on when a hotel property was acquired or disposed of, operating results for certain hotel properties are not comparable for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. The hotel properties listed below are not comparable hotel properties for the periods indicated and all other hotel properties are considered comparable hotel properties. The following acquisitions and dispositions affect reporting comparability related to our condensed consolidated financial statements:

Hotel Properties |  | Location |  | Acquisition/Disposition |  | Acquisition/Disposition Date
Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center |  | Plano, TX |  | Disposition |  | November 1, 2017
Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota (1) |  | Sarasota, FL |  | Acquisition |  | April 4, 2018
Tampa Renaissance |  | Tampa, FL |  | Disposition |  | June 1, 2018

________

(1) | The operating results of these hotel properties have been included in our results of operations as of their acquisition dates.

The following table illustrates the key performance indicators of all hotel properties owned for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Occupancy | 85.86 | % |  | 83.71 | %
ADR (average daily rate) | $ | 272.72 |  |  | $ | 254.65 |
RevPAR (revenue per available room) | $ | 234.17 |  |  | $ | 213.17 |
Rooms revenue (in thousands) | $ | 74,358 |  |  | $ | 77,336 |
Total hotel revenue (in thousands) | $ | 108,846 |  |  | $ | 108,080 |

The following table illustrates the key performance indicators of the eleven hotel properties that were included for the full three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

| Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Occupancy | 87.71 | % |  | 85.68 | %
ADR (average daily rate) | $ | 271.22 |  |  | $ | 270.27 |
RevPAR (revenue per available room) | $ | 237.88 |  |  | $ | 231.55 |
Rooms revenue (in thousands) | $ | 69,714 |  |  | $ | 69,159 |
Total hotel revenue (in thousands) | $ | 97,613 |  |  | $ | 96,273 |

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to the Company. Net loss attributable to the Company increased $869,000, to $1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 (the “2018 quarter”) compared to $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 (the “2017 quarter”) as a result of the factors discussed below.
Rooms Revenue. Rooms revenue de creased $3.0 million, or 3.9%, to $74.4 million during the 2018 quarter compared to the 2017 quarter. During the 2018 quarter, we experienced a 7.1% in crease in room rates and an 215 basis point in crease in occupancy. Rooms revenue at our eleven comparable hotel properties in creased $555,000 due to a 203 basis point in crease in occupancy and an in crease in room rates of 0.4%. Rooms revenue decreased (i) $3.0 million at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas due to the negative impact caused by Hurricanes Irma and Maria (during the 2018 quarter approximately 83 rooms were in service as the hotel is being renovated); (ii) $4.6 million at the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center as a result of its sale on November 1, 2017; (iii) $3.6 million at the Tampa Renaissance as a result of its sale on June 1, 2018; (iv) $880,000 at the Capital Hilton as a result of 3.84% lower room rates and a 514 basis point decrease in occupancy at the hotel due to a renovation during the 2018 quarter; (v) $411,000 at the Hotel Yountville due to the negative impact caused by Napa wildfires during the 2018 quarter; (vi) $304,000 at the Bardessono Hotel due to the negative impact caused by Napa wildfires during the 2018 quarter; and (vii) $25,000 at the Park Hyatt Beaver Creek as a result of 4.4% lower room rates, partially offset by a 272 basis point decrease in occupancy at the hotel. These decreases were partially offset by increases of (i) $4.6 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota as a result of its acquisition on April 4, 2018; (ii) $2.2 million at the San Francisco Courtyard Downtown as a result of 8.18% higher room rates and a 1,229 basis point increase in occupancy at the hotel due to its renovation in the 2017 quarter; (iii) $1.0 million at the Chicago Sofitel Magnificent Mile as a result of 9.5% higher room rates and a 375 basis point increase in occupancy; (iv) $797,000 at the Philadelphia Courtyard as a result of 7.14% higher room rates and a 421 basis point increase in occupancy at the hotel; (v) $666,000 at the Key West Pier House as a result of 0.3% higher room
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rates and a 1,464 basis point increase in occupancy due the negative impact caused by Hurricanes Irma and Maria in the 2017 quarter; (vi) $332,000 at the Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines as a result of 5.6% higher room rates, partially offset by a 85 basis point decrease in occupancy at the hotel; and (vi) $185,000 at the Seattle Marriott Waterfront as a result of 4.21% higher room rates, partially offset by a 252 basis point decrease in occupancy at the hotel.
Food and Beverage Revenue. Food and beverage revenue de creased $2.0 million, or 8.5%, to $21.2 million during the 2018 quarter compared to the 2017 quarter. This de crease is primarily attributable to a de crease in food and beverage revenue of $2.7 million at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas as a result of the hurricanes; $2.1 million at the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center and $1.3 million at the Tampa Renaissance due to their sales on November 1, 2017 and June 1, 2018, respectively, and an aggregate decrease in food and beverage revenue of $685,000 at the Capital Hilton, Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines, Bardessono Hotel, and Park Hyatt Beaver Creek. These de creases were partially offset by increases in food and beverage revenue of $3.7 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota due to its acquisition on April 4, 2018 and an aggregate increase of $1.0 million at the Philadelphia Courtyard, Chicago Sofitel Magnificent Mile, San Francisco Courtyard Downtown, Hotel Yountville, Seattle Marriott Waterfront, and Key West Pier House.
Other Hotel Revenue. Other hotel revenue, which consists mainly of condo management fees, health center fees, resort fees, golf, telecommunications, parking and rentals and business interruption revenue, in creased $5.7 million, or 75.3%, to $13.3 million during the 2018 quarter compared to the 2017 quarter. During the 2018 quarter we recognized business interruption revenue of $3.8 million at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas as a result of the Hurricanes Irma and Maria. This increase is also attributable to an increase in other hotel revenue of $2.9 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota as a result of its acquisition on April 4, 2018. There was also an aggregate increase of $816,000 at the Key West Pier House, Bardessono Hotel, Philadelphia Courtyard, Chicago Sofitel Magnificent Mile, Park Hyatt Beaver Creek, Seattle Marriott Waterfront, and San Francisco Courtyard Downtown. These increases were partially offset by lower other hotel revenue of $216,000 at the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center and $68,000 at the Tampa Renaissance due to their sales on November 1, 2017 and June 1, 2018, respectively, and an aggregate decrease of $1.5 million at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas, Hotel Yountville, Capital Hilton, and Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines.
Other Non-Hotel Revenue. Other non-hotel revenue decreased $39,000, or 100.0%, to $0 in the 2018 quarter compared to the 2017 quarter. The decrease is attributable to the disposition of Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center which included Texas margin tax recoveries from guests in the 2017 quarter.
Rooms Expense. Rooms expense de creased $1.1 million, or 6.1%, to $16.6 million in the 2018 quarter compared to the 2017 quarter. This de crease is attributable to $1.4 million at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas as a result of the hurricanes, $874,000 at the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center and $748,000 at the Tampa Renaissance due to their sales on November 1, 2017 and June 1, 2018, respectively. There was also an aggregate de crease of $348,000 at the Capital Hilton, Bardessono Hotel, Chicago Sofitel Magnificent Mile, Hotel Yountville, and Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines. This de crease was partially offset by an increase of $1.4 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota, as a result of its acquisitions on April 4, 2018, and an aggregate increase in rooms expense of $795,000 at the San Francisco Courtyard Downtown, Philadelphia Courtyard, Park Hyatt Beaver Creek, Seattle Marriott Waterfront, and Key West Pier House. Rooms expense included $193,000 of hurricane related costs at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas in the 2017 quarter.
Food and Beverage Expense. Food and beverage expense de creased $1.6 million, or 9.0%, to $16.2 million during the 2018 quarter compared to the 2017 quarter. The de crease is attributable $2.6 million at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas as a result of the hurricanes, $1.3 million at the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center and $970,000 at the Tampa Renaissance due to their sales on November 1, 2017 and June 1, 2018, respectively. These de creases were partially offset by increases of $3.1 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota as a result of its acquisitions on April 4, 2018, and an aggregate increase of $158,000 at our remaining comparable hotel properties. Food and beverage expense included $380,000 of hurricane related costs at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas in the 2017 quarter.
Other Operating Expenses. Other operating expenses de creased $3.1 million, or 8.9%, to $32.1 million in the 2018 quarter compared to the 2017 quarter. Hotel operating expenses consist of direct expenses from departments associated with revenue streams and indirect expenses associated with support departments and incentive management fees. We experienced an increase of $1.0 million in direct expenses and a decrease of $4.2 million in indirect expenses and incentive management fees in the 2018 quarter as compared to the 2017 quarter. Direct expenses were 3.4% of total hotel revenue for the 2018 quarter and 2.5% for the 2017 quarter. The increase in direct expenses is primarily attributable to increases of $1.7 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota as a result of its acquisition on April 4, 2018, and an aggregate increase of $36,000 at our remaining comparable hotel properties. The increase was partially offset by decreases in other operating expenses of $631,000 at Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas as a result of the hurricanes, and $74,000 from the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center and Tampa Renaissance as a result of their sales. Direct expenses included $82,000 of hurricane related costs at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas in the 2017 quarter. The decrease in indirect expenses is attributable to decreases in (i) general and administrative costs of $4.8 million including $2.7 million at Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas as a result of the hurricane related expenses incurred in the 2017 quarter, $1.3 million from the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center and Tampa Renaissance as a result of their sales, and $2.4 million at our remaining comparable hotel properties. The decrease was partially
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offset by an increase of $1.6 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota as a result of its acquisition on April 4, 2018; (ii) energy costs of $499,000, comprised of a decrease of $334,000 at the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center and Tampa Renaissance as a result of their sales, $442,000 at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas of which $104,000 is a result of the hurricane expenses incurred in the 2017 quarter, and $143,000 at our remaining comparable hotel properties, partially offset by an increase of $419,000 at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota; (iii) marketing costs of $463,000, comprised of a decrease of $1.1 million at the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center and Tampa Renaissance as a result of their sales and $416,000 at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas of which $55,000 is a result of the hurricane expenses incurred in the 2017 quarter, partially offset by an increase of $873,000 at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota and $137,000 at our remaining comparable hotel properties; and (iv) lease expense of $34,000, comprised of a decrease of $155,000 from the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center and Tampa Renaissance and $46,000 at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas, partially offset by increases of $14,000 at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota and $153,000 at our remaining comparable hotel properties. These de creases were partially offset by increases in (i) incentive management fees of $1.6 million including $667,000 at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas, $5,000 from the sales of the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center and Tampa Renaissance, and $1.0 million at our remaining comparable hotel properties; and (ii) repairs and maintenance of $19,000 including $637,000 at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota and $50,000 at our remaining comparable hotel properties, partially offset by decreases of $543,000 at the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center and Tampa Renaissance as a result of their sales and $125,000 at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas of which $62,000 is a result of the hurricane expenses incurred in the 2017 quarter.
Management Fees. Base management fees in creased $74,000, or 1.9%, to $4.0 million in the 2018 quarter compared to the 2017 quarter. The in crease is comprised of an increase of $339,000 at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota and $166,000 at our remaining comparable hotel properties. These in creases were partially offset by a decrease of $333,000 at the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center and Tampa Renaissance as a result of their sales, and $98,000 at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas as a result of the hurricanes.
Property Taxes, Insurance and Other. Property taxes, insurance and other in creased $1.6 million, or 31.5%, to $6.8 million in the 2018 quarter compared to the 2017 quarter, which is attributable to increases of $688,000 at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota as a result of its acquisition in April 2018, and $1.5 million at our remaining comparable hotel properties. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $210,000 at the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center and $294,000 at the Tampa Renaissance as a result of their sales in November 2017 and June 2018, respectively.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization in creased $341,000, or 2.4%, to $14.5 million for the 2018 quarter compared to the 2017 quarter, which is due to an increase of $2.3 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota and $980,000 at our remaining comparable hotel properties, partially offset by a decrease of $2.2 million at the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center and Tampa Renaissance as a result of their sales and $807,000 at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas as a result of the hurricanes.
Impairment Charges. No impairment charges were recorded in the 2018 quarter. We recorded impairment charges of $1.0 million in the 2017 quarter. The impairment charges are related to damages incurred at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas, Key West Pier House, and Tampa Renaissance from Hurricanes Irma and Maria. See note 4 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Advisory Services Fee. Advisory services fee in creased $3.9 million, or 216.0%, to $5.7 million in the 2018 quarter compared to the 2017 quarter due to increases in equity-based compensation of $2.3 million, incentive fee of $1.4 million, base advisory fee of $207,000, and $67,000 in reimbursable expenses. In the 2018 quarter, we recorded an advisory services fee of $5.7 million, which included a base advisory fee of $2.5 million, reimbursable expenses of $529,000, an incentive fee of $1.4 million and $1.3 million associated with equity grants of our common stock and LTIP units awarded to the officers and employees of Ashford Inc. In the 2017 quarter, we recorded an advisory services fee of $1.8 million which included a base advisory fee of $2.3 million, reimbursable expenses of $462,000 and a credit to equity-based compensation expense of $948,000 associated with equity grants of our common stock and LTIP units awarded to the officers and employees of Ashford Inc. The credit to equity-based compensation expense is a result of lower fair values at September 30, 2017 as compared to December 31, 2016.
Transaction Costs. In the 2018 quarter, we incurred no transaction costs. In the 2017 quarter, we recorded transaction costs of $244,000 primarily related to the acquisitions of the Hotel Yountville and Park Hyatt Beaver Creek.
Corporate General and Administrative. Corporate general and administrative expenses in creased $163,000, or 10.2%, to $1.8 million in the 2018 quarter compared to the 2017 quarter. The in crease is a result of increases in professional fees of $241,000, miscellaneous expenses of $152,000, public company costs of $110,000 and equity-based compensation to non-employee directors of $304,000 in the 2018 quarter compared to the 2017 quarter. These in creases were partially offset by lower professional fees of $644,000 associated with the prior proxy contest and litigation. In the 2017 quarter we incurred professional fees associated with the proxy contest and litigation of $531,000 and in the 2018 quarter we recorded insurance recoveries related to the proxy contest and litigation of $113,000.
Equity in Earnings (Loss) of Unconsolidated Entity. We recorded equity in loss of unconsolidated entity of $81,000 in the 2018 quarter related to our investment in OpenKey. We did not have an investment in OpenKey during the 2017 quarter.
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Interest Income. Interest income in creased $342,000, or 172.7%, to $540,000 for the 2018 quarter compared to the 2017 quarter.
Other Income (Expense). Other expense increased $42,000 from $22,000 to $64,000 in the 2018 quarter compared to the 2017 quarter. In the 2018 quarter, we recorded other expense of $64,000 related to CMBX premiums and usage fees. In the 2017 quarter, we recorded other expense of $22,000 related to CMBX premiums and usage fees.
Interest Expense and Amortization of Loan Costs. Interest expense and amortization of loan costs in creased $2.5 million, or 23.3%, to $13.1 million for the 2018 quarter compared to the 2017 quarter. The in crease is primarily due to new mortgage loans associated with the acquisitions of the Hotel Yountville and Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota, our May 2018 mortgage loan refinance and higher average LIBOR rate. The average LIBOR rates for the 2018 quarter and the 2017 quarter were 2.11% and 1.23%, respectively.
Write-off of Loan Costs and Exit Fees. There were no write-off of loan costs and exit fees during the 2018 quarter. Write-off of loan costs and exit fees was $380,000 for the 2017 quarter, resulting from the write-off of unamortized loan costs of $188,000 and exit costs of $191,000 associated with the refinancing of the Bardessono Hotel mortgage loan. The mortgage loan was refinanced with a $40.0 million mortgage loan due August 2022.
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investment in Ashford Inc. Unrealized gain on investment in Ashford Inc. increased $283,000, or 15.1%, to $2.2 million in the 2018 quarter. The fair value is based on the closing market price of Ashford Inc. common stock at the end of the period.
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivatives. Unrealized loss on derivatives of $578,000 for the 2018 quarter consisted of a $434,000 unrealized loss on CMBX credit default swaps, a $134,000 unrealized loss on interest rate floors, and a $10,000 unrealized loss on interest rate caps. Unrealized loss on derivatives of $531,000 for the 2017 quarter consisted of a $375,000 unrealized loss associated with credit default swaps, a $132,000 unrealized loss on interest rate floors and a $24,000 unrealized loss on interest rate caps. The fair value of the interest rate caps and floors are primarily based on movements in the LIBOR forward curve and the passage of time. The fair value of options on futures contracts is the last reported settlement price as of the measurement date. The fair value of credit default swaps is based on the change in value of CMBX indices.
Income Tax (Expense) Benefit. Income tax expense increased $407,000, or 122.2%, to $740,000 for the 2018 quarter. This increase was primarily due to an increase in the profitability of the Company’s taxable REIT subsidiaries in the 2018 quarter compared to the 2017 quarter.
(Income) Loss from Consolidated Entities Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest. Our noncontrolling interest partner in consolidated entities was allocated income of $1.7 million and $1.1 million for the 2018 quarter and the 2017 quarter, respectively. At September 30, 2018, noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities represented an ownership interest of 25% in two hotel properties held by one entity.
Net (Income) Loss Attributable to Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Operating Partnership. Noncontrolling interests in operating partnership were allocated net loss of $452,000 and $360,000 for the 2018 quarter and the 2017 quarter, respectively. Redeemable noncontrolling interests in Braemar OP represented ownership interests of 11.22% and 11.72% as of September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
The following table summarizes changes in key line items from our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands except percentages):

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Favorable (Unfavorable)
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rooms | $ | 218,304 |  |  | $ | 224,203 |  |  | $ | (5,899 | ) |  | (2.6 | )%
Food and beverage | 70,064 |  |  | 75,600 |  |  | (5,536 | ) |  | (7.3 | )
Other | 44,085 |  |  | 21,588 |  |  | 22,497 |  |  | 104.2 |
Total hotel revenue | 332,453 |  |  | 321,391 |  |  | 11,062 |  |  | 3.4 |
Other | — |  |  | 116 |  |  | (116 | ) |  | (100.0 | )
Total revenue | 332,453 |  |  | 321,507 |  |  | 10,946 |  |  | 3.4 |
Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hotel operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rooms | 48,194 |  |  | 51,108 |  |  | 2,914 |  |  | 5.7 |
Food and beverage | 49,078 |  |  | 53,890 |  |  | 4,812 |  |  | 8.9 |
Other expenses | 95,490 |  |  | 94,934 |  |  | (556 | ) |  | (0.6 | )
Management fees | 12,081 |  |  | 11,643 |  |  | (438 | ) |  | (3.8 | )
Total hotel expenses | 204,843 |  |  | 211,575 |  |  | 6,732 |  |  | 3.2 |
Property taxes, insurance and other | 18,516 |  |  | 15,641 |  |  | (2,875 | ) |  | (18.4 | )
Depreciation and amortization | 42,291 |  |  | 39,573 |  |  | (2,718 | ) |  | (6.9 | )
Impairment charges | 71 |  |  | 1,008 |  |  | 937 |  |  | 93.0 |
Advisory services fee | 15,857 |  |  | 5,822 |  |  | (10,035 | ) |  | (172.4 | )
Contract modification cost | — |  |  | 5,000 |  |  | 5,000 |  |  | 100.0 |
Transaction costs | 949 |  |  | 6,638 |  |  | 5,689 |  |  | 85.7 |
Corporate general and administrative | 2,999 |  |  | 7,007 |  |  | 4,008 |  |  | 57.2 |
Total expenses | 285,526 |  |  | 292,264 |  |  | 6,738 |  |  | 2.3 |
Operating income (loss) | 46,927 |  |  | 29,243 |  |  | 17,684 |  |  | 60.5 |
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated entity | (146 | ) |  | — |  |  | (146 | ) |  |  |
Interest income | 970 |  |  | 475 |  |  | 495 |  |  | 104.2 |
Gain (loss) on sale of hotel property | 15,711 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,711 |  |  |  |
Other income (expense) | (190 | ) |  | (292 | ) |  | 102 |  |  | 34.9 |
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs | (35,941 | ) |  | (28,743 | ) |  | (7,198 | ) |  | (25.0 | )
Write-off of loan costs and exit fees | (4,178 | ) |  | (2,343 | ) |  | (1,835 | ) |  | (78.3 | )
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment in Ashford Inc. | (3,338 | ) |  | 3,403 |  |  | (6,741 | ) |  | (198.1 | )
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives | (803 | ) |  | (1,529 | ) |  | 726 |  |  | 47.5 |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 19,012 |  |  | 214 |  |  | 18,798 |  |  | 8,784.1 |
Income tax (expense) benefit | (2,514 | ) |  | (334 | ) |  | (2,180 | ) |  | (652.7 | )
Net income (loss) | 16,498 |  |  | (120 | ) |  | 16,618 |  |  | 13,848.3 |
(Income) loss from consolidated entities attributable to noncontrolling interests | (1,742 | ) |  | (2,736 | ) |  | 994 |  |  | 36.3 |
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership | (1,075 | ) |  | 958 |  |  | (2,033 | ) |  | (212.2 | )
Net income (loss) attributable to the Company | $ | 13,681 |  |  | $ | (1,898 | ) |  | $ | 15,579 |  |  | 820.8 | %

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All hotel properties owned for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 have been included in our results of operations during the respective periods in which they were owned. Based on when a hotel property was acquired or disposed of, operating results for certain hotel properties are not comparable for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. The hotel properties listed below are not comparable hotel properties for the periods indicated and all other hotel properties are considered comparable hotel properties. The following acquisitions and dispositions affect reporting comparability related to our condensed consolidated financial statements:

Hotel Properties |  | Location |  | Acquisition/Disposition |  | Acquisition/Disposition Date
Park Hyatt Beaver Creek (1) |  | Beaver Creek, CO |  | Acquisition |  | March 31, 2017
Hotel Yountville (1) |  | Yountville, CA |  | Acquisition |  | May 11, 2017
Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center |  | Plano, TX |  | Disposition |  | November 1, 2017
Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota (1) |  | Sarasota, FL |  | Acquisition |  | April 4, 2018
Tampa Renaissance |  | Tampa, FL |  | Disposition |  | June 1, 2018

________

(1) | The operating results of these hotel properties have been included in our results of operations as of their acquisition dates.

The following table illustrates the key performance indicators of all hotel properties for the periods indicated:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Occupancy | 83.19 | % |  | 82.16 | %
ADR (average daily rate) | $ | 272.85 |  |  | $ | 258.79 |
RevPAR (revenue per available room) | $ | 226.99 |  |  | $ | 212.63 |
Rooms revenue (in thousands) | $ | 218,304 |  |  | $ | 224,203 |
Total hotel revenue (in thousands) | $ | 332,453 |  |  | $ | 321,391 |

The following table illustrates the key performance indicators of the nine hotel properties that were included for the full nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Occupancy | 85.22 | % |  | 84.47 | %
ADR (average daily rate) | $ | 258.34 |  |  | $ | 268.52 |
RevPAR (revenue per available room) | $ | 220.15 |  |  | $ | 226.82 |
Rooms revenue (in thousands) | $ | 175,220 |  |  | $ | 185,523 |
Total hotel revenue (in thousands) | $ | 247,495 |  |  | $ | 258,327 |

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to the Company. Net income (loss) attributable to the Company changed $15.6 million, from a net loss of $1.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (the “2017 period”), to net income of $13.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 (the “2018 period”), as a result of the factors discussed below.
Rooms Revenue. Rooms revenue de creased $5.9 million, or 2.6%, to $218.3 million during the 2018 period compared to the 2017 period. During the 2018 period, we experienced a 5.4% in crease in room rates and a 103 basis point increase in occupancy. Rooms revenue at our nine comparable hotel properties de creased $10.3 million due to a decrease in room rates of 3.8%, partially offset by a 75 basis point in crease in occupancy. Rooms revenue decreased (i) $16.8 million at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas due to the negative impact caused by Hurricanes Irma and Maria (during the 2018 period approximately 83 rooms were in service as the hotel is being renovated); (ii) $14.9 million at the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center as a result of its sale on November 1, 2017; (iii) $4.6 million at the Tampa Renaissance as a result of its sale on June 1, 2018; (iv) $2.5 million at the Capital Hilton as a result of 1.9% lower room rates and a 531 basis point decrease in occupancy at the hotel due to a renovation during the 2018 period and the presidential inauguration that occurred in the 2017 period; and (v) $472,000 at the Bardessono Hotel as a result of a 483 basis point decrease in occupancy, partially offset by 1.7% higher room rates at the hotel due to the negative impact caused by the Napa wildfires. These decreases were partially offset by increases of (i) $10.9 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota as a result of its acquisition on April 4, 2018; (ii) $9.8 million at the Park Hyatt Beaver Creek as a result of its acquisition on March 31, 2017; (iii) $3.2 million at the Hotel Yountville as a result of its acquisition on May 11, 2017 (2018 period results were negatively
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impacted by the Napa wildfires); (iv) $4.2 million at the San Francisco Courtyard Downtown as a result of 5.6% higher room rates and a 797 basis point increase in occupancy at the hotel due to its renovation in the 2017 period; (v) $2.6 million at the Philadelphia Courtyard as a result of 7.2% higher room rates and a 478 basis point increase in occupancy at the hotel due to a renovation during the 2017 period; (vi) $975,000 at the Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines as a result of 2.6% higher room rates and a 201 basis point increase in occupancy at the hotel; (vii) $919,000 at the Chicago Sofitel Magnificent Mile as a result of a 6.6% higher room rates, partially offset by a 120 basis point decrease in occupancy, as a result of a renovation at the hotel; (viii) $563,000 at the Seattle Marriott Waterfront as a result of 4.9% higher room rates, partially offset by a 282 basis point decrease in occupancy at the hotel; and (ix) $280,000 at the Key West Pier House as a result of a 243 basis point increase in occupancy, partially offset by 0.9% lower room rates at the hotel.
Food and Beverage Revenue. Food and beverage revenue de creased $5.5 million, or 7.3%, to $70.1 million during the 2018 period compared to the 2017 period. This overall de crease is due to a decrease of $10.4 million at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas as a result of the hurricanes; $8.7 million at the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center and $2.1 million at the Tampa Renaissance due to their sales on November 1, 2017 and June 1, 2018, respectively, and an aggregate decrease in food and beverage revenue of $2.4 million at the Seattle Marriott Waterfront, Capital Hilton, Key West Pier House, and Bardessono Hotel. These de creases were partially offset by increases of $5.0 million at the Park Hyatt Beaver Creek, $616,000 at the Hotel Yountville and $9.8 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota due to their acquisitions on March 31, 2017, May 11, 2017 and April 4, 2018, respectively, and an aggregate increase in food and beverage revenue of $2.5 million at the Philadelphia Courtyard, Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines, Chicago Sofitel Magnificent Mile and San Francisco Courtyard Downtown.
Other Hotel Revenue. Other hotel revenue, which consists mainly of condo management fees, health center fees, resort fees, golf, telecommunications, parking, rentals and business interruption revenue, in creased $22.5 million, or 104.2%, to $44.1 million during the 2018 period compared to the 2017 period. During the 2018 period we recognized business interruption revenue of $13.9 million at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas and Key West Pier House and $1.9 million, net of deductibles of $500,000 at the Bardessono Hotel and Hotel Yountville as a result of the Napa wildfires. We also recorded $3.3 million of business interruption income for the Tampa Renaissance related to a settlement for lost profits from the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. The overall in crease is also attributable to an increase in other hotel revenue of $3.7 million at the Park Hyatt Beaver Creek, $306,000 at the Hotel Yountville and $5.6 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota as a result of their acquisitions on March 31, 2017, May 11, 2017 and April 4, 2018, respectively. There was also an aggregate increase of $1.5 million at the Chicago Sofitel Magnificent Mile, Key West Pier House, Bardessono Hotel, Philadelphia Courtyard, San Francisco Courtyard Downtown and Seattle Marriott Waterfront. These increases were partially offset by lower other hotel revenue of $746,000 at the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center and $135,000 at the Tampa Renaissance due to their sales on November 1, 2017 and June 1, 2018, respectively, $6.0 million at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas as a result of the hurricanes and an aggregate decrease of $831,000 at the Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines and Capital Hilton.
Other Non-Hotel Revenue. Other non-hotel revenue de creased $116,000, or 100.0%, to $0 in the 2018 period compared to the 2017 period. The de crease is attributable to the disposition of Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center which included Texas margin tax recoveries from guests in the 2017 period.
Rooms Expense. Rooms expense de creased $2.9 million, or 5.7%, to $48.2 million in the 2018 period compared to the 2017 period. The de crease is attributable to a decrease of $5.2 million at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas as a result of the hurricanes, $2.8 million at the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center and $1.0 million at the Tampa Renaissance due to their sales on November 1, 2017 and June 1, 2018, respectively. There was also an aggregate de crease of $994,000 at the Capital Hilton, Chicago Sofitel Magnificent Mile, Bardessono Hotel and Key West Pier House. This de crease was partially offset by an increase of $1.6 million at the Park Hyatt Beaver Creek, $838,000 at the Hotel Yountville and $3.2 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota, as a result of their acquisitions on March 31, 2017, May 11, 2017 and April 4, 2018, respectively. There was also an aggregate increase of $1.4 million at the San Francisco Courtyard Downtown, Philadelphia Courtyard, Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines and Seattle Marriott Waterfront. Rooms expense included $193,000 of hurricane related costs at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas in the 2017 period.
Food and Beverage Expense. Food and beverage expense de creased $4.8 million, or 8.9%, to $49.1 million during the 2018 period compared to the 2017 period. The de crease is attributable to $8.9 million at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas as a result of the hurricanes, $4.5 million at the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center and $1.4 million at the Tampa Renaissance due to their sales on November 1, 2017 and June 1, 2018, respectively, and an aggregate de crease of $763,000 at our remaining comparable hotel properties. These de creases were partially offset by increases of $3.2 million at the Park Hyatt Beaver Creek, $561,000 at the Hotel Yountville and $7.0 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota as a result of their acquisitions on March 31, 2017, May 11, 2017 and April 4, 2018, respectively. Food and beverage expense included $380,000 of hurricane related costs at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas in the 2017 period.
Other Operating Expenses. Other operating expenses in creased $556,000, or 0.6%, to $95.5 million in the 2018 period compared to the 2017 period. Hotel operating expenses consist of direct expenses from departments associated with revenue
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streams and indirect expenses associated with support departments and incentive management fees. We experienced an in crease of $2.3 million in direct expenses, partially offset by a decrease of $1.7 million in indirect expenses and incentive management fees in the 2018 period compared to the 2017 period. Direct expenses were 2.9% of total hotel revenue for the 2018 period and 2.3% for the 2017 period. The in crease in direct expenses is primarily attributable to in creases of $1.8 million at the Park Hyatt Beaver Creek, $164,000 at the Hotel Yountville and $3.3 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota as a result of their acquisitions on March 31, 2017, May 11, 2017 and April 4, 2018, respectively. The in crease was partially offset by decreases of $2.5 million at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas as a result of the hurricanes, $297,000 at our remaining comparable hotel properties and $140,000 at the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center and Tampa Renaissance as a result of their sales. Direct expenses included $82,000 of hurricane related expenses at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas in the 2017 period. The de creases in indirect expenses are attributable to de creases in (i) general and administrative costs of $4.4 million, comprised of $4.4 million at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas of which $2.7 million is a result of the hurricane related expenses incurred in the 2017 period; $3.2 million from the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center and Tampa Renaissance as a result of their sales; and $1.6 million at our remaining comparable hotel properties, partially offset by an increase of $4.8 million at the Park Hyatt Beaver Creek, Hotel Yountville and Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota as a result of their acquisitions; (ii) marketing costs of $231,000, including $2.5 million at the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center and Tampa Renaissance as a result of their sales and $1.5 million at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas; partially offset by an increase of $2.5 million at the Park Hyatt Beaver Creek, Hotel Yountville and Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota and an aggregate increase of $1.2 million at our remaining comparable hotel properties; (iii) energy costs of $101,000, comprised of a decrease of $759,000 from the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center and Tampa Renaissance as a result of their sales and $486,000 at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas of which $104,000 is a result of the hurricane related expenses incurred in the 2017 period, partially offset by an increase of $1.2 million at the Park Hyatt Beaver Creek, Hotel Yountville and Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota, and $93,000 at our remaining comparable hotel properties; and (iv) lease expense of $32,000 comprised of a decrease of $220,000 at the Park Hyatt Beaver Creek, Hotel Yountville and Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota and $64,000 at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas, partially offset by an increase of $94,000 from the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center and Tampa Renaissance and $158,000 at our remaining comparable hotel properties. These de creases were partially offset by increases in (i) incentive management fees of $3.0 million including $1.8 million at the Park Hyatt Beaver Creek, Hotel Yountville and Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota and an aggregate increase of $2.0 million at our remaining comparable hotel properties, partially offset by decreases of $769,000 from the sales of the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center and Tampa Renaissance; and (ii) repairs and maintenance of $38,000 including $1.8 million at the Park Hyatt Beaver Creek, Hotel Yountville and Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota and $163,000 at our remaining comparable hotel properties, partially offset by a decrease of $1.2 million from the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center and Tampa Renaissance as a result of their sales and $753,000 at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas of which $62,000 is a result of the hurricane related expenses incurred in the 2017 period.
Management Fees. Base management fees in creased $438,000, or 3.8%, to $12.1 million in the 2018 period compared to the 2017 period. The in crease is comprised of an in crease of $1.5 million at the Park Hyatt Beaver Creek, Hotel Yountville and Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota and $363,000 at our remaining comparable hotel properties. These in creases are partially offset by a decrease of $806,000 at the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center and Tampa Renaissance as a result of their sales and $589,000 at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas as a result of the hurricanes.
Property Taxes, Insurance and Other. Property taxes, insurance and other in creased $2.9 million, or 18.4%, to $18.5 million in the 2018 period compared to the 2017 period, which is attributable to increases of $714,000 at the Park Hyatt Beaver Creek, $351,000 at the Hotel Yountville and $1.4 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota as a result of their acquisitions in March 2017, May 2017 and April 2018, respectively, and $1.9 million at our remaining comparable hotel properties. These in creases were partially offset by a decrease $1.0 million at the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center and $350,000 at the Tampa Renaissance as a result of their sales in November 2017 and June 2018, respectively, and $78,000 at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization in creased $2.7 million, or 6.9%, to $42.3 million for the 2018 period compared to the 2017 period due to an aggregate increase of $6.6 million at the Park Hyatt Beaver Creek, Hotel Yountville and Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota and $3.4 million at our remaining comparable hotel properties, partially offset by a decrease of $5.2 million at the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center and Tampa Renaissance as a result of their sales and $2.1 million at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas as a result of the hurricanes.
Impairment Charges. We recorded impairment charges of $71,000 and $1.0 million in the 2018 period and 2017 period, respectively. In the 2018 period we recorded an impairment charge of $59,000 at the Key West Pier House and $12,000 at the Tampa Renaissance as a result of changes in the estimates of property damage from the hurricanes. We recorded impairment charges of $1.0 million in the 2017 period related to Hurricanes Irma and Maria damages incurred at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas, Key West Pier House, and Tampa Renaissance. See note 4 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Advisory Services Fee. Advisory services fee in creased $10.0 million, or 172.4%, to $15.9 million in the 2018 period compared to the 2017 period due to in creases in equity-based compensation of $7.5 million, incentive fee of $2.2 million and base advisory fee of $349,000. These in creases were partially offset by a decrease of $93,000 in reimbursable expenses. In the 2018 period, we recorded an advisory services fee of $15.9 million, which included a base advisory fee of $6.9 million, reimbursable expenses of
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$1.4 million, an incentive fee of $2.2 million and $5.2 million associated with equity grants of our common stock and LTIP units awarded to the officers and employees of Ashford Inc. During the 2018 period, approximately $2.2 million of the equity-based compensation expense was related to the accelerated vesting of equity awards granted to one of our executive officers upon his death, in accordance with the terms of the awards. In the 2017 period, we recorded an advisory services fee of $5.8 million which included a base advisory fee of $6.6 million, reimbursable expenses of $1.5 million and a credit to equity-based compensation expense in the amount of $2.3 million associated with equity grants of our common stock and LTIP units awarded to the officers and employees of Ashford Inc. The credit to equity-based compensation expense is a result of lower fair values at September 30, 2017 as compared to December 31, 2016.
Contract Modification Cost. In the 2017 period, we recorded a $5.0 million one-time payment to Ashford LLC upon entering into the Fourth Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement.
Transaction Costs. In the 2018 period, we recorded transaction costs of $949,000 primarily related to the acquisition of Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota. In the 2017 period, we recorded transaction costs of $6.6 million related to the acquisitions of Park Hyatt Beaver Creek and the Hotel Yountville.
Corporate General and Administrative. Corporate general and administrative expenses de creased $4.0 million, or 57.2%, to $3.0 million in the 2018 period compared to the 2017 period. In the 2017 period we incurred professional fees associated with the proxy contest and litigation of $2.6 million. In the 2018 period we recorded insurance recoveries related to the proxy contest and litigation of $1.2 million. This resulted in a decrease in professional fees associated with the proxy contest and litigation of $3.8 million in the 2018 period compared to the 2017 period. We also incurred lower professional fees of $81,000, miscellaneous expenses of $129,000, public company costs of $63,000 and higher equity-based compensation to non-employee directors of $59,000 in the 2018 period compared to the 2017 period.
Equity in Earnings (Loss) of Unconsolidated Entity. We recorded equity in loss of unconsolidated entity of $146,000 in the 2018 period related to our investment in OpenKey. We did not have an investment in OpenKey during the 2017 period.
Interest Income. Interest income in creased $495,000, or 104.2%, to $970,000 for the 2018 period compared to the 2017 period.
Gain (loss) on sale of hotel property. In the 2018 period, we recorded a gain of $15.7 million related the sale of the Tampa Renaissance on June 1, 2018.
Other Income (Expense). Other expense decreased $102,000 from $292,000 to $190,000 in the 2018 period compared to the 2017 period. In the 2018 period, we recorded other expense of $190,000 related to CMBX premiums and usage fees. In the 2017 period, we recognized a realized loss of $271,000 related to the maturity of options on futures contracts and expense of $21,000 related to CMBX premiums and usage fee.
Interest Expense and Amortization of Loan Costs. Interest expense and amortization of loan costs in creased $7.2 million, or 25.0%, to $35.9 million for the 2018 period compared to the 2017 period. The in crease is primarily due to new mortgage loans associated with the acquisitions of the Park Hyatt Beaver Creek, Hotel Yountville and Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota, our May 2018 mortgage loan refinance and higher average LIBOR rate. The average LIBOR rates for the 2018 period and the 2017 period were 1.89% and 1.04%, respectively.
Write-off of Loan Costs and Exit Fees. Write-off of loan costs and exit fees was $4.2 million for the 2018 period, resulting from the write-off of unamortized loan costs of $1.6 million and exit fees of $2.6 million associated with the refinancing of two mortgage loans. Write-off of loan costs and exit fees was $2.3 million for the 2017 period, resulting from the write-off of unamortized loan costs of $295,000 and exit costs of $2.0 million associated with the refinancing of four mortgage loans, including the refinancing of three mortgage loans maturing April 2017 and the refinancing of the Bardessono Hotel mortgage loan.
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investment in Ashford Inc. Unrealized gain (loss) on investment in Ashford Inc. changed $6.7 million, or 198.1%, from an unrealized gain of $3.4 million in the 2017 period to an unrealized loss of $3.3 million in the 2018 period. The fair value is based on the closing market price of Ashford Inc. common stock at the end of the period.
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivatives. Unrealized loss on derivatives of $803,000 for the 2018 period consisted of a $271,000 unrealized loss on interest rate caps, and a $218,000 unrealized loss on interest rate floors and a $314,000 unrealized loss on CMBX credit default swaps. Unrealized loss on derivatives of $1.5 million for the 2017 period consisted of a $1.0 million unrealized loss on interest rate floors, and a $341,000 unrealized loss on interest rate caps, and a $375,000 unrealized loss on CMBX credit default swaps, partially offset by a $213,000 unrealized gain on options on futures contracts. The fair value of the interest rate caps and floors is primarily based on movements in the LIBOR forward curve and the passage of time. The fair
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value of options on futures contracts is primarily based on the last reported settlement price as of the measurement date. The fair value of credit default swaps is based on the change in value of CMBX indices.
Income Tax (Expense) Benefit. Income tax expense increased $2.2 million, from $334,000 for the 2017 period to $2.5 million for the 2018 period. This change was primarily due to an increase in the profitability of our TRSs in the 2018 period compared to the 2017 period.
(Income) Loss from Consolidated Entities Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest. Our noncontrolling interest partner in consolidated entities was allocated income of $1.7 million and $2.7 million for the 2018 period and the 2017 period, respectively. At both September 30, 2018 and 2017, noncontrolling interest in consolidated entities represented an ownership interest of 25% in two hotel properties held by one entity.
Net (Income) Loss Attributable to Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Operating Partnership. Noncontrolling interests in operating partnership were allocated net income of $1.1 million and a net loss $958,000 for the 2018 period and the 2017 period, respectively. Redeemable noncontrolling interests represented ownership interests in Braemar OP of approximately 11.22% and 11.72% as of September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our short-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of funds necessary to pay for operating expenses and other expenditures directly associated with our hotel properties, including:

• | advisory fees payable to Ashford LLC;

• | recurring maintenance necessary to maintain our hotel properties in accordance with brand standards;

• | interest expense and scheduled principal payments on outstanding indebtedness, including our secured revolving credit facility (see “Contractual Obligations and Commitments”);

• | distributions, in the form of dividends on our capital stock, necessary to qualify for taxation as a REIT; and

• | capital expenditures to improve our hotel properties.

We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements generally through net cash provided by operations, existing cash balances and, if necessary, short-term borrowings under our secured revolving credit facility.
Our long-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of funds necessary to pay for the costs of acquiring additional hotel properties and redevelopments, renovations, expansions and other capital expenditures that need to be made periodically with respect to our hotel properties and scheduled debt payments. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements through various sources of capital, including our secured revolving credit facility and future equity and preferred equity issuances, existing working capital, net cash provided by operations, proceeds from insurance claims, hotel mortgage indebtedness and other secured and unsecured borrowings. However, there are a number of factors that may have a material adverse effect on our ability to access these capital sources, including the state of overall equity and credit markets, our degree of leverage, our unencumbered asset base and borrowing restrictions imposed by lenders (including as a result of any failure to comply with financial covenants in our existing and future indebtedness), general market conditions for REITs, our operating performance and liquidity and market perceptions about us. The success of our business strategy will depend, in part, on our ability to access these various capital sources. Based on our current level of operations, management believes that our cash flow from operations and our existing cash balances should be adequate to meet upcoming anticipated requirements for interest and principal payments on debt (excluding any potential final maturity principal payments), working capital, and capital expenditures for the next 12 months and dividends required to maintain our status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.
Our hotel properties will require periodic capital expenditures and renovation to remain competitive. In addition, acquisitions, redevelopments or expansions of hotel properties may require significant capital outlays. We may not be able to fund such capital improvements solely from net cash provided by operations because we must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deductions for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, to qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT, and we are subject to tax on any retained income and gains. As a result, our ability to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions or hotel redevelopment through retained earnings is very limited. Consequently, we expect to rely heavily upon the availability of debt or equity capital for these purposes. If we are unable to obtain the necessary capital on favorable terms, or at all, our financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.
Certain of our loan agreements contain cash trap provisions that may be triggered if the performance of our hotel properties decline. When these provisions are triggered, substantially all of the profit generated by the hotel properties securing such loan is deposited directly into lockbox accounts and then swept into cash management accounts for the benefit of our various lenders.
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This could affect our liquidity and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders until such time that a cash trap is no longer in effect for such loan.
On December 5, 2017, our board of directors reapproved the stock repurchase program pursuant to which the Board granted a repurchase authorization to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share having an aggregate value of up to $50 million. The Board’s authorization replaced any previous repurchase authorizations. No shares were repurchased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, pursuant to this authorization.
On December 11, 2017, we entered into equity distribution agreements with Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and UBS Securities LLC, each acting as a sales agent (the “Equity Distribution Agreements”), as subsequently amended. Pursuant to the Equity Distribution Agreements, we may sell from time to time through the sales agents shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $50.0 million. Sales of shares of our common stock, if any, may be made in negotiated transactions or transactions that are deemed to be “at-the-market” offerings as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act, including sales made directly on the New York Stock Exchange, the existing trading market for our common stock, or sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange or through an electronic communications network. We will pay each of the sales agents a commission, which in each case shall not be more than 2.0% of the gross sales price of the shares of our common stock sold through such sales agent. As of September 30, 2018, no shares of our common stock have been sold under this program.
On April 4, 2018, in connection with the acquisition of the 266-room Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota in Sarasota, Florida, the Company completed the financing of a $100 million mortgage loan. This mortgage loan provides for a floating interest rate of LIBOR + 2.65%. The mortgage loan is interest only until July 1, 2021 and then amortizes 1% annually for the remaining term. The stated maturity is April 2023.
On May 23, 2018, the Company refinanced two mortgage loans totaling $357.6 million with a new $435.0 million mortgage loan with a two-year initial term and five one-year extension options subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. As a result of the refinance the Tampa Renaissance became unencumbered. The new mortgage loan is interest only and bears interest at a rate of LIBOR + 2.16%. The loan is secured by four hotels: Seattle Marriott Waterfront, San Francisco Courtyard Downtown, Philadelphia Courtyard Downtown and Sofitel Chicago Magnificent Mile.
Secured Revolving Credit Facility
We have a senior secured revolving credit facility in the amount of $100 million. It includes $15 million available in letters of credit and $15 million available in swingline loans. We believe the secured revolving credit facility will provide us with significant financial flexibility to fund future acquisitions and hotel redevelopments.
The secured revolving credit facility is provided by a syndicate of financial institutions with Bank of America, N.A., serving as the administrative agent to Braemar OP, as the borrower. We and certain of our subsidiaries guarantee the secured revolving credit facility, which is secured by a pledge of 100% of the equity interests we hold in Braemar OP and 100% of the equity interest issued by any guarantor (other than Braemar) or any other subsidiary of ours that is not restricted under its loan documents or organizational documents from having its equity pledged (subject to certain exclusions), all mortgage receivables held by the borrower or any guarantor, and certain deposit accounts and securities accounts held by the borrower and any guarantor. The proceeds of the secured revolving credit facility may be used for working capital, capital expenditures, property acquisitions, and any other lawful purposes.
The secured revolving credit facility also contains customary terms, covenants, negative covenants, events of default, limitations and other conditions for credit facilities of this type. Subject to certain exceptions, we are subject to restrictions on incurring additional indebtedness, mergers and fundamental changes, sales or other dispositions of property, changes in the nature of our business, investments and capital expenditures.
We also are subject to certain financial covenants, as set forth below, which are tested by the borrower on a consolidated basis (net of the amounts attributable to the non-controlling interest held by our partner in a majority-owned consolidated entity) and include, but are not limited to, the following:

• | consolidated indebtedness (less cash and cash equivalents in excess of $10,000,000) to total asset value (based on property capitalization rates defined within the secured revolving credit facility agreement) not to exceed 60%. Our ratio was 48.5% at September 30, 2018.

• | consolidated recourse indebtedness other than the secured revolving credit facility not to exceed $50,000,000.

• | consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio not less than 1.40x initially, with such ratio being increased beginning October 1, 2017 to 1.50x. Our ratio was 2.06 x at September 30, 2018.

• | indebtedness of the consolidated parties that accrues interest at a variable rate (other than the secured revolving credit facility) that is not subject to a “cap,” “collar,” or other similar arrangement not to exceed 25% of consolidated indebtedness.

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• | consolidated tangible net worth not less than 75% of the consolidated tangible net worth on the closing date of the secured revolving credit facility plus 75% of the net proceeds of any future equity issuances.

• | secured debt that is secured by real property not to exceed 70% of the as-is appraised value of such real property.

All financial covenants are tested and certified by the borrower on a quarterly basis. We were in compliance with all covenants at September 30, 2018.
The secured revolving credit facility includes customary events of default and the occurrence of an event of default will permit the lenders to terminate commitments to lend under the secured revolving credit facility and accelerate payment of all amounts outstanding thereunder. If a default occurs and is continuing, we will be precluded from making distributions on our shares of common stock (other than those required to allow us to qualify and maintain our status as a REIT, so long as such default does not arise from a payment default or event of insolvency).
Borrowings under the secured revolving credit facility bear interest, at our option, at either LIBOR for a designated interest period plus an applicable margin, or the base rate (as defined in the credit agreement) plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin for borrowings under the secured revolving credit facility for base rate loans range from 1.25% to 2.50% per annum and the applicable margin for borrowings under the secured revolving credit facility for LIBOR loans range from 2.25% to 3.50% per annum, depending on the ratio of consolidated indebtedness to EBITDA, with the lowest rate applying if such ratio is less than 4.0x and the highest rate applying if such ratio is greater than 6.0x.
The secured revolving credit facility matures on November 10, 2019, has two one-year extension options if certain terms and conditions are satisfied and a 0.25% extension fee is paid. The secured revolving credit facility has an accordion feature whereby the aggregate commitments may be increased up to $250 million, subject to certain terms.
We intend to repay any indebtedness incurred under our secured revolving credit facility from time to time out of net cash provided by operations and from the net proceeds of issuances of additional equity and debt securities or sale of assets, as market conditions permit.
Sources and Uses of Cash
We had approximately $163.8 million and $137.5 million of cash and cash equivalents at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
We anticipate that our principal sources of funds to meet our cash requirements will include cash on hand, positive cash flow from operations and capital market activities.
Net Cash Flows Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities. Net cash flows provided by operating activities were $52.9 million and $46.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Cash flows from operations are impacted by changes in hotel operations of our nine comparable hotel properties, the sales of the Plano Marriott Legacy Town Center on November 1, 2017 and the Tampa Renaissance on June 1, 2018 as well as the acquisitions of the Park Hyatt Beaver Creek on March 31, 2017, Hotel Yountville on May 11, 2017, and Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota on April 4, 2018. Cash flows from operations are also impacted by the timing of working capital cash flows such as collecting receivables from hotel guests, paying vendors, settling with derivative counterparties, settling with related parties and settling with hotel managers.
Net Cash Flows Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, net cash flows used in investing activities were $141.5 million. These cash outflows were primarily attributable to $177.9 million for the acquisition of the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota, $51.6 million of capital improvements made to various hotel properties and a $2.0 million investment in OpenKey, partially offset by $65.3 million of proceeds from the sale of the Tampa Renaissance and $24.7 million of insurance proceeds received related to the hurricanes. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, net cash flows used in investing activities were $274.1 million. These cash outflows were primarily attributable to $243.7 million for the acquisitions of the Park Hyatt Beaver Creek and Hotel Yountville and $32.7 million of capital improvements made to various hotel properties, partially offset by $2.3 million of proceeds received from the liquidation of our investment in the AQUA U.S. Fund.
Net Cash Flows Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, net cash flows provided by financing activities were $142.1 million. Cash inflows primarily consisted of borrowings on indebtedness of $575.0 million partially offset by $399.8 million for repayments of indebtedness, $22.7 million for payments of dividends and distributions and $9.4 million for payments of loan costs and exit fees. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, net cash flows provided by financing activities were $221.3 million. Cash inflows primarily consisted of borrowings on indebtedness of $523.5 million, proceeds of $66.4 million from the issuance of common stock and $40.2 million from the issuance of convertible preferred stock. These cash inflows were partially offset by $376.4 million for repayments of indebtedness, $19.6 million for payments of dividends
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and distributions, $10.7 million for payments of loan costs and exit fees and $1.6 million for distributions to the holder of a noncontrolling interest in consolidated entities.
Seasonality
Our properties’ operations historically have been seasonal as certain properties maintain higher occupancy rates during the summer months and some during the winter months. This seasonality pattern can cause fluctuations in our quarterly lease revenue under our percentage leases. We anticipate that our cash flows from the operations of our properties and cash on hand will be sufficient to enable us to make quarterly distributions to maintain our REIT status. To the extent that cash flows from operations and cash on hand are insufficient during any quarter due to temporary or seasonal fluctuations in lease revenue, we expect to utilize borrowings to fund distributions required to maintain our REIT status. However, we cannot make any assurances that we will make distributions in the future.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
There have been no material changes since December 31, 2017, outside of the ordinary course of business, to contractual obligations specified in the table of contractual obligations included in the section “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our 2017 10-K.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In the normal course of business, we may form or invest in partnerships or joint ventures. We evaluate each partnership and joint venture to determine whether the entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”). If the entity is determined to be a VIE we assess whether we are the primary beneficiary and need to consolidate the entity. For further discussion see note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
We have no other off-balance sheet arrangements.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our accounting policies that are critical or most important to understanding our financial condition and results of operations and that require management to make the most difficult judgments are described in the section “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our 2017 10-K. There have been no material changes in these critical accounting policies.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The following non-GAAP presentations of EBITDA, EBITDAre, Adjusted EBITDAre, FFO and AFFO are presented to help our investors evaluate our operating performance.
EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) before interest expense and amortization of loan costs, depreciation and amortization, income taxes, equity in (earnings) loss of unconsolidated entity and after the Company’s portion of EBITDA of OpenKey. In addition, we excluded impairment on real estate, (gain) loss on sale of hotel property and Company’s portion of EBITDAre of OpenKey from EBITDA to calculate EBITDAre.
We then further adjust EBITDAre to exclude certain additional items such as amortization of favorable (unfavorable) contract assets (liabilities), transaction and management conversion costs, write-off of loan costs and exit fees, legal, advisory and settlement costs, advisory services incentive fee, contract modification cost, software implementation costs, uninsured hurricane and wildfire related costs, other/income expense, Company’s portion of adjustments to EBITDAre of OpenKey and non-cash items such as unrealized gain/loss on investments, unrealized gain/ loss on derivatives and stock/unit-based compensation.
We present EBITDA, EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre because we believe they reflect more accurately the ongoing performance of our hotel assets and other investments and provide more useful information to investors as they are indicators of our ability to meet our future debt payment requirements, working capital requirements and they provide an overall evaluation of our financial condition. EBITDA, EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre as calculated by us may not be comparable to EBITDA, EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre reported by other companies that do not define EBITDA, EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre exactly as we define the terms. EBITDA, EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre do not represent cash generated from operating activities determined in accordance with GAAP, and should not be considered as an alternative to operating income or net income determined in accordance with GAAP as an indicator of performance or as an alternative to cash flows from operating activities as determined by GAAP as an indicator of liquidity.
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Beginning on January 1, 2018, we began reporting EBITDA for real estate, or EBITDAre, as defined by NAREIT, and Adjusted EBITDAre. Previously, we reported Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDAre is calculated in a similar manner as Adjusted EBITDA, with the exception of the adjustment for the consolidated noncontrolling interest’s pro rata share of Adjusted EBITDA. The rationale for including 100% of EBITDAre for consolidated noncontrolling interests is that the full amount of any debt of these entities is reported in our consolidated balance sheet and therefore metrics using total debt to EBITDAre provide a better understanding of the Company’s leverage. This is also consistent with NAREIT’s definition of EBITDAre. All prior periods have been adjusted to conform to the current period presentation.
The following table reconciles net income (loss) to EBITDA, EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre (in thousands) (unaudited):

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Net income (loss) | $ | (626 | ) |  | $ | (217 | ) |  | $ | 16,498 |  |  | $ | (120 | )
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs | 13,084 |  |  | 10,610 |  |  | 35,941 |  |  | 28,743 |
Depreciation and amortization | 14,474 |  |  | 14,133 |  |  | 42,291 |  |  | 39,573 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | 740 |  |  | 333 |  |  | 2,514 |  |  | 334 |
Equity in (earnings) loss of unconsolidated entity | 81 |  |  | — |  |  | 146 |  |  | — |
Company’s portion of EBITDA of OpenKey | (79 | ) |  | — |  |  | (143 | ) |  | — |
EBITDA | 27,674 |  |  | 24,859 |  |  | 97,247 |  |  | 68,530 |
Impairment charges on real estate | — |  |  | 1,008 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 1,008 |
(Gain) loss on sale of hotel property | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,711 | ) |  | — |
EBITDAre | 27,674 |  |  | 25,867 |  |  | 81,607 |  |  | 69,538 |
Amortization of favorable (unfavorable) contract assets (liabilities) | 51 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 136 |
Transaction and management conversion costs | — |  |  | 260 |  |  | 965 |  |  | 6,700 |
Other (income) expense | 64 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 190 |  |  | 292 |
Write-off of loan costs and exit fees | — |  |  | 380 |  |  | 4,178 |  |  | 2,343 |
Unrealized (gain) loss on investment in Ashford Inc. | (2,158 | ) |  | (1,875 | ) |  | 3,338 |  |  | (3,403 | )
Unrealized (gain) loss on derivatives | 578 |  |  | 531 |  |  | 803 |  |  | 1,529 |
Non-cash stock/unit-based compensation | 1,674 |  |  | (921 | ) |  | 5,709 |  |  | (1,992 | )
Legal, advisory and settlement costs | 277 |  |  | 560 |  |  | (667 | ) |  | 3,508 |
Advisory services incentive fee | 1,380 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,241 |  |  | — |
Contract modification cost | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,000 |
Software implementation costs | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 79 |
Uninsured hurricane and wildfire related costs | — |  |  | 3,573 |  |  | 412 |  |  | 3,573 |
Company’s portion of adjustments to EBITDAre of OpenKey | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |
Adjusted EBITDAre | $ | 29,542 |  |  | $ | 28,440 |  |  | $ | 98,923 |  |  | $ | 87,303 |

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We calculate FFO and AFFO in the following table. FFO is calculated on the basis defined by NAREIT, which is net income (loss) attributable to the Company, computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains or losses on sales of hotel properties and extraordinary items as defined by GAAP, plus impairment charges on real estate, depreciation and amortization of real estate assets, and after redeemable noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership and adjustments for unconsolidated entities. NAREIT developed FFO as a relative measure of performance of an equity REIT to recognize that income-producing real estate historically has not depreciated on the basis determined by GAAP. Our calculation of AFFO excludes preferred dividends, transaction and management conversion costs, write-off of loan costs and exit fees, amortization of loan costs, legal, advisory and settlement costs, advisory services incentive fee, contract modification cost, software implementation costs, uninsured hurricane and wildfire related costs, other income/expense and non-cash items such as unrealized gain/loss on investments, interest expense accretion on refundable membership club deposits, unrealized gain/loss on derivatives, stock/unit-based compensation and the Company’s portion of adjustments to FFO of OpenKey. FFO and AFFO exclude amounts attributable to the portion of a partnership owned by the third party. We consider FFO and AFFO to be appropriate measures of our ongoing normalized operating performance as a REIT. We compute FFO in accordance with our interpretation of standards established by NAREIT, which may not be comparable to FFO reported by other REITs that either do not define the term in accordance with the current NAREIT definition or interpret the NAREIT definition differently than us. FFO and AFFO do not represent cash generated from operating activities as determined by GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to GAAP net income or loss as an indication of our financial performance or GAAP cash flows from operating activities as a measure of our liquidity. FFO and AFFO are also not indicative of funds available to satisfy our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions. However, to facilitate a clear understanding of our historical operating results, we believe that FFO and AFFO should be considered along with our net income or loss and cash flows reported in our condensed consolidated financial statements.
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The following table reconciles net income (loss) to FFO and Adjusted FFO (in thousands) (unaudited):

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Net income (loss) | $ | (626 | ) |  | $ | (217 | ) |  | $ | 16,498 |  |  | $ | (120 | )
(Income) loss from consolidated entities attributable to noncontrolling interest | (1,695 | ) |  | (1,143 | ) |  | (1,742 | ) |  | (2,736 | )
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership | 452 |  |  | 360 |  |  | (1,075 | ) |  | 958 |
Preferred dividends | (1,707 | ) |  | (1,707 | ) |  | (5,122 | ) |  | (5,087 | )
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders | (3,576 | ) |  | (2,707 | ) |  | 8,559 |  |  | (6,985 | )
Depreciation and amortization on real estate (1) | 13,720 |  |  | 13,406 |  |  | 40,030 |  |  | 37,409 |
Impairment charges on real estate | — |  |  | 1,008 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 1,008 |
Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership | (452 | ) |  | (360 | ) |  | 1,075 |  |  | (958 | )
Equity in (earnings) loss of unconsolidated entity | 81 |  |  | — |  |  | 146 |  |  | — |
(Gain) loss on sale of hotel property | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,711 | ) |  | — |
Company’s portion of FFO of OpenKey | (81 | ) |  | — |  |  | (146 | ) |  | — |
FFO available to common stockholders and OP unitholders | 9,692 |  |  | 11,347 |  |  | 34,024 |  |  | 30,474 |
Preferred dividends | 1,707 |  |  | 1,707 |  |  | 5,122 |  |  | 5,087 |
Transaction and management conversion costs | — |  |  | 260 |  |  | 965 |  |  | 6,700 |
Other (income) expense | 64 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 190 |  |  | 292 |
Interest expense accretion on refundable membership club deposits | 226 |  |  | — |  |  | 376 |  |  | — |
Write-off of loan costs and exit fees | — |  |  | 380 |  |  | 4,178 |  |  | 2,343 |
Amortization of loan costs | 1,070 |  |  | 1,331 |  |  | 3,084 |  |  | 3,679 |
Unrealized (gain) loss on investment in Ashford Inc. | (2,158 | ) |  | (1,875 | ) |  | 3,338 |  |  | (3,403 | )
Unrealized (gain) loss on derivatives | 578 |  |  | 531 |  |  | 803 |  |  | 1,529 |
Non-cash stock/unit-based compensation | 1,674 |  |  | (921 | ) |  | 5,709 |  |  | (1,992 | )
Legal, advisory and settlement costs | 277 |  |  | 560 |  |  | (667 | ) |  | 3,508 |
Advisory services incentive fee | 1,380 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,241 |  |  | — |
Contract modification cost | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,000 |
Software implementation costs | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 79 |
Uninsured hurricane and wildfire related costs | — |  |  | 3,573 |  |  | 412 |  |  | 3,573 |
Company’s portion of adjustments to FFO of OpenKey | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |
Adjusted FFO available to the Company and OP unitholders | $ | 14,512 |  |  | $ | 16,915 |  |  | $ | 59,779 |  |  | $ | 56,869 |

____________________

(1) | Net of adjustment for noncontrolling interest in consolidated entities. The following table presents the amounts of the adjustments for non-controlling interest for each line item:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Depreciation and amortization on real estate |  | $ | (754 | ) |  | $ | (727 | ) |  | $ | (2,261 | ) |  | $ | (2,164 | )
Amortization of loan costs |  | (24 | ) |  | (25 | ) |  | (73 | ) |  | (75 | )

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Hotel Properties
The following table presents certain information related to our hotel properties:

Hotel Property |  | Location |  | Service Type |  | Total Rooms |  | % Owned |  | Owned Rooms
Fee Simple Properties |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital Hilton |  | Washington, D.C. |  | Full |  | 550 |  |  | 75 | % |  | 413 |
Seattle Marriott Waterfront |  | Seattle, WA |  | Full |  | 361 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 361 |
Philadelphia Courtyard (1) |  | Philadelphia, PA |  | Select |  | 499 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 499 |
San Francisco Courtyard Downtown (1) |  | San Francisco, CA |  | Select |  | 410 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 410 |
Chicago Sofitel Magnificent Mile |  | Chicago, IL |  | Full |  | 415 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 415 |
Pier House Resort |  | Key West, FL |  | Full |  | 142 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 142 |
Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas (2) |  | St. Thomas, USVI |  | Full |  | 180 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 180 |
Park Hyatt Beaver Creek |  | Beaver Creek, CO |  | Full |  | 190 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 190 |
Hotel Yountville |  | Yountville, CA |  | Full |  | 80 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 80 |
Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota (3) |  | Sarasota, FL |  | Full |  | 266 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 266 |
Ground Lease Properties |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines (3) |  | La Jolla, CA |  | Full |  | 394 |  |  | 75 | % |  | 296 |
Bardessono Hotel (4) |  | Yountville, CA |  | Full |  | 62 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 62 |
Total |  |  |  |  |  | 3,549 |  |  |  |  | 3,314 |

________

(1) | Announced plans to convert to Autograph Collection. These hotel properties will be full service upon conversion.

(2) | Due to the impact from hurricanes Irma and Maria the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas total rooms count was approximately 83 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The hotel had 180 total rooms in service prior to the hurricanes.

(3) | The ground lease expires in 2067.

(4) | The initial ground lease expires in 2065. The ground lease contains two 25-year extension options, at our election.

ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK

Our primary market risk exposure consists of changes in interest rates on borrowings under our debt instruments that bear interest at variable rates that fluctuate with market interest rates. To the extent that we acquire assets or conduct operations in an international jurisdiction, we will also have currency exchange risk. We may enter into certain hedging arrangements in order to manage interest rate and currency fluctuations. The analysis below presents the sensitivity of the market value of our financial instruments to selected changes in market interest rates.
At September 30, 2018, our total indebtedness of $993.3 million was comprised of 100% variable-rate debt. The impact on the results of operations of a 25-basis point change in the interest rate on the outstanding balance of variable-rate debt at September 30, 2018, would be approximately $2.5 million per year.
The above amounts were determined based on the impact of hypothetical interest rates on our borrowings and assume no changes in our capital structure. The information presented above includes those exposures that existed at September 30, 2018, but it does not consider exposures or positions that could arise after that date. Accordingly, the information presented herein has limited predictive value. As a result, the ultimate realized gain or loss with respect to interest rate fluctuations will depend on exposures that arise during the period, the hedging strategies at the time, and the related interest rates.
We use credit default swaps, tied to the CMBX index, to hedge financial and capital market risk. We have entered into credit default swap transactions with notional amounts totaling $50.0 million to hedge financial and capital market risk for upfront costs of $888,000, of which $269,000 has since been returned to us, and $619,000 remains held as collateral as of September 30, 2018. A credit default swap is a derivative contract that functions like an insurance policy against the credit risk of an entity or obligation. The seller of protection assumes the credit risk of the reference obligation from the buyer (us) of protection in exchange for annual premium payments. If a default or a loss, as defined in the credit default swap agreements, occurs on the underlying bonds, then the buyer of protection is protected against those losses. The only liability for us, the buyer, is the annual premium and any change in value of the underlying CMBX index (if the trade is terminated prior to maturity). For all CMBX trades completed to date, we were the buyer of protection. Credit default swaps are subject to master-netting settlement arrangements and credit support annexes. Assuming the underlying bonds pay off at par over their remaining average life, our estimated total exposure for these trades was approximately $2.3 million at September 30, 2018.
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We hold interest rate floors with notional amounts totaling $10.9 billion and strike rates ranging from (0.25)% to 2.00%. Our total exposure is capped at our initial total cost of $3.8 million. These instruments have termination dates ranging from March 2019 to July 2020.

ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, our management has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of September 30, 2018 (the “Evaluation Date”). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective: (i) to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms; and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
There have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are engaged in various legal proceedings which have arisen but have not been fully adjudicated. The likelihood of loss from these legal proceedings, based on definitions within contingency accounting literature, ranges from remote to reasonably possible and to probable. Based on estimates of the range of potential losses associated with these matters, management does not believe the ultimate resolution of these proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations. However, the final results of legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty and if we fail to prevail in one or more of these legal matters, and the associated realized losses exceed our current estimates of the range of potential losses, our consolidated financial position or results of operations could be materially adversely affected in future periods.

ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS

The discussion of our business and operations should be read together with the risk factors contained in Item 1A to Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which describe various risks and uncertainties to which we are or may become subject. These risks and uncertainties have the potential to affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, strategies, or prospects in a material and adverse manner. As of September 30, 2018, there have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

ITEM 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer
On December 5, 2017, our board of directors reapproved the stock repurchase program pursuant to which the Board granted a repurchase authorization to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share having an aggregate value of up to $50 million. The Board’s authorization replaced any previous repurchase authorizations. No shares were repurchased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, pursuant to this authorization.
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The following table provides the information with respect to purchases and forfeitures of our common stock during each of the months in the third quarter of 2018:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid Per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Plan |  | Maximum Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan
Common stock: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
July1 to July 31 |  | 912 |  |  | $ | — |  | (1) | — |  |  | $ | 50,000,000 |
August 1 to August 31 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 50,000,000 |
September 1 to September 30 |  | 88 |  |  | $ | — |  | (1) | — |  |  | $ | 50,000,000 |
Total |  | 1,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  |

__________________

(1) | There is no cost associated with the forfeiture of 912 and 88 restricted shares of our common stock in July and September, respectively.

ITEM 3. | DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.

ITEM 5. | OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS

Exhibit |  | Description
3.1 |  | Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Braemar Hotels & Resorts Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 29, 2016)
3.2 |  | Articles Supplementary of Braemar Hotels & Resorts Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 18, 2015)
3.3 |  | Articles of Amendment of Braemar Hotels & Resorts Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 29, 2016)
3.4 |  | Amendment Number One to the Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Braemar Hotels & Resorts Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 8, 2017)
3.5 |  | Amendment Number Two to Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Braemar Hotels & Resorts Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 23, 2018)
3.6 |  | Third Amended and Restated Bylaws of Braemar Hotels & Resorts Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.11 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 9, 2018)
31.1* |  | Certifications of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
31.2* |  | Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
32.1* |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2* |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

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The following materials from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2018 are formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations; (iii) Consolidated Statements Comprehensive Income; (iii) Consolidated Statement of Equity; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (v) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. In accordance with Rule 402 of Regulation S-T, the XBRL related information in Exhibit 101 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q shall not be deemed to be “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and shall not be part of any registration statement or other document filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended or the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document | Submitted electronically with this report.
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | Submitted electronically with this report.
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document | Submitted electronically with this report.
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | Submitted electronically with this report.
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document | Submitted electronically with this report.
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document | Submitted electronically with this report.

___________________________________
* Filed herewith.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC.

Date: | November 7, 2018 | By: | /s/ RICHARD J. STOCKTON |
|  |  | Richard J. Stockton |
|  |  | President and Chief Executive Officer |
Date: | November 7, 2018 | By: | /s/ DERIC S. EUBANKS |
|  |  | Deric S. Eubanks |
|  |  | Chief Financial Officer |

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