10-Q 1 bhr2019q110-q.htm 10-Q

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

þ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019
OR

¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________________ to ________________
Commission file number: 001-35972
BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland |  | 46-2488594
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (IRS employer identification number)
14185 Dallas Parkway, Suite 1100 |  |
Dallas, Texas |  | 75254
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip code)

(972) 490-9600
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. þ Yes ¨ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). þ Yes ¨ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “small reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ¨ | Accelerated filer | þ
Non-accelerated filer | ¨ | Smaller reporting company | ¨
|  | Emerging growth company | þ

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ¨ Yes þ No
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock |  | BHR |  | New York Stock Exchange
Preferred Stock, Series B |  | BHR-PB |  | New York Stock Exchange
Preferred Stock, Series D |  | BHR-PD |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share |  | 32,883,068
(Class) |  | Outstanding at May 6, 2019

BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC.
FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2019
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) |
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 | 2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 | 3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 | 4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 | 5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 | 7
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 9
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 34
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK | 49
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 50
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION |
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | 50
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS | 50
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS | 50
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES | 51
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES | 51
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION | 51
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS | 51
SIGNATURES | 53

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(unaudited, in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

| March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
ASSETS |  |  |
Investments in hotel properties, gross | $ | 1,719,275 |  |  | $ | 1,562,806 |
Accumulated depreciation | (276,799 | ) |  | (262,905 | )
Investments in hotel properties, net | 1,442,476 |  |  | 1,299,901 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 73,802 |  |  | 182,578 |
Restricted cash | 86,309 |  |  | 75,910 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $108 and $101, respectively | 23,314 |  |  | 12,739 |
Inventories | 2,358 |  |  | 1,862 |
Prepaid expenses | 7,275 |  |  | 4,409 |
Investment in Ashford Inc., at fair value | 10,821 |  |  | 10,114 |
Investment in unconsolidated entity | 1,872 |  |  | 1,766 |
Derivative assets | 815 |  |  | 772 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 82,308 |  |  | — |
Other assets | 10,314 |  |  | 13,831 |
Intangible assets, net | 5,303 |  |  | 27,678 |
Due from related party, net | 350 |  |  | — |
Due from third-party hotel managers | 14,402 |  |  | 4,927 |
Total assets | $ | 1,761,719 |  |  | $ | 1,636,487 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |
Indebtedness, net | $ | 1,046,749 |  |  | $ | 985,873 |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 76,777 |  |  | 64,116 |
Dividends and distributions payable | 9,174 |  |  | 8,514 |
Due to Ashford Inc. | 5,114 |  |  | 4,001 |
Due to related party, net | — |  |  | 224 |
Due to third-party hotel managers | 2,415 |  |  | 1,633 |
Operating lease liabilities | 60,617 |  |  | — |
Other liabilities | 26,524 |  |  | 29,033 |
Total liabilities | 1,227,370 |  |  | 1,093,394 |
Commitments and contingencies (note 16) |  |  |
5.50% Series B cumulative convertible preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 4,965,850 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 | 106,123 |  |  | 106,123 |
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership | 51,010 |  |  | 44,885 |
Equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 value, 50,000,000 shares authorized: |  |  |
Series D cumulative preferred stock, 1,600,000 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 | 16 |  |  | 16 |
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 32,841,263 and 32,511,660 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively | 328 |  |  | 325 |
Additional paid-in capital | 514,739 |  |  | 512,545 |
Accumulated deficit | (132,575 | ) |  | (115,410 | )
Total stockholders’ equity of the Company | 382,508 |  |  | 397,476 |
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated entities | (5,292 | ) |  | (5,391 | )
Total equity | 377,216 |  |  | 392,085 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 1,761,719 |  |  | $ | 1,636,487 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Table of Contents
BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(unaudited, in thousands, except per share amounts)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
REVENUE |  |  |
Rooms | $ | 76,731 |  |  | $ | 65,507 |
Food and beverage | 32,114 |  |  | 23,500 |
Other | 19,663 |  |  | 13,482 |
Total hotel revenue | 128,508 |  |  | 102,489 |
Other | 5 |  |  | — |
Total revenue | 128,513 |  |  | 102,489 |
EXPENSES |  |  |
Hotel operating expenses: |  |  |
Rooms | 16,982 |  |  | 14,918 |
Food and beverage | 22,210 |  |  | 15,620 |
Other expenses | 38,895 |  |  | 29,664 |
Management fees | 4,416 |  |  | 3,617 |
Total hotel expenses | 82,503 |  |  | 63,819 |
Property taxes, insurance and other | 7,460 |  |  | 5,604 |
Depreciation and amortization | 16,686 |  |  | 13,006 |
Impairment charges | — |  |  | 12 |
Advisory services fee | 6,024 |  |  | 5,244 |
Transaction costs | 634 |  |  | 488 |
Corporate general and administrative | 1,126 |  |  | 28 |
Total expenses | 114,433 |  |  | 88,201 |
OPERATING INCOME (LOSS) | 14,080 |  |  | 14,288 |
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated entity | (50 | ) |  | (3 | )
Interest income | 362 |  |  | 200 |
Other income (expense) | (117 | ) |  | (63 | )
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs | (14,193 | ) |  | (10,179 | )
Write-off of loan costs and exit fees | (312 | ) |  | (2 | )
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment in Ashford Inc. | 707 |  |  | 528 |
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives | (872 | ) |  | 73 |
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES | (395 | ) |  | 4,842 |
Income tax (expense) benefit | (927 | ) |  | (572 | )
NET INCOME (LOSS) | (1,322 | ) |  | 4,270 |
(Income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities | (99 | ) |  | 42 |
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership | 440 |  |  | (292 | )
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY | (981 | ) |  | 4,020 |
Preferred dividends | (2,532 | ) |  | (1,707 | )
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS | $ | (3,513 | ) |  | $ | 2,313 |
INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE - BASIC: |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders | $ | (0.11 | ) |  | $ | 0.07 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic | 32,115 |  |  | 31,680 |
INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE - DILUTED: |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders | $ | (0.11 | ) |  | $ | 0.07 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted | 32,115 |  |  | 31,683 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Table of Contents
BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(unaudited, in thousands)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
NET INCOME (LOSS) | $ | (1,322 | ) |  | $ | 4,270 |
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS), NET OF TAX |  |  |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  |  | — |
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) | (1,322 | ) |  | 4,270 |
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities | (99 | ) |  | 42 |
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership | 440 |  |  | (292 | )
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY | $ | (981 | ) |  | $ | 4,020 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Table of Contents
BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(unaudited, in thousands except per share amounts)

| 8.25% Series D Cumulative Preferred Stock |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Entities |  | Total |  | 5.50% Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock |  | Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Operating Partnership
| Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  | Shares |  | Amount |
Balance at December 31, 2018 | 1,600 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | 32,512 |  |  | $ | 325 |  |  | $ | 512,545 |  |  | $ | (115,410 | ) |  | (5,391 | ) |  | $ | 392,085 |  |  | 4,966 |  |  | $ | 106,123 |  |  | $ | 44,885 |
Impact of adoption of new accounting standard (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (103 | ) |  | — |  |  | (103 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Purchase of common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | (17 | ) |  | — |  |  | (202 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (202 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Equity-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 978 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 978 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 550 |
Preferred stock offering costs |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (13 | ) |  | — |  |  |  |  | (13 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Issuance of restricted shares/units | — |  |  | — |  |  | 237 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |
Forfeiture of restricted common shares | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Dividends declared – common stock ($0.16/share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,329 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5,329 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Dividends declared – preferred stock-Series B ($0.34/share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,707 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,707 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Dividends declared – preferred stock-Series D ($0.52/share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (825 | ) |  | — |  |  | (825 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (778 | )
Redemption/conversion of operating partnership units | — |  |  | — |  |  | 110 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1,433 |  |  | (285 | ) |  | — |  |  | 1,149 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,149 | )
Net income (loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (981 | ) |  | 99 |  |  | (882 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (440 | )
Redemption value adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,935 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7,935 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,935 |
Balance at March 31, 2019 | 1,600 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | 32,841 |  |  | $ | 328 |  |  | $ | 514,739 |  |  | $ | (132,575 | ) |  | $ | (5,292 | ) |  | $ | 377,216 |  |  | 4,966 |  |  | $ | 106,123 |  |  | $ | 51,010 |

_______________
(1) see notes 2 and 5.
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Table of Contents

| 8.25% Series D Cumulative Preferred Stock |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Entities |  | Total |  | 5.50% Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock |  | Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Operating Partnership
| Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  | Shares |  | Amount |
Balance at January 1, 2018 | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 32,120 |  |  | $ | 321 |  |  | $ | 469,791 |  |  | $ | (88,807 | ) |  | $ | (4,753 | ) |  | $ | 376,552 |  |  | 4,966 |  |  | $ | 106,123 |  |  | $ | 46,627 |
Purchase of common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7 | ) |  | — |  |  | (74 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (74 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Equity-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,449 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,449 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 144 |
Issuance of restricted shares/units | — |  |  | — |  |  | 406 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 54 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 58 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18 |
Forfeiture of restricted common shares | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Dividends declared – common stock ($0.16/share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,275 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5,275 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Dividends declared – preferred stock-Series B ($0.34/share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,707 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,707 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (822 | )
Net income (loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,020 |  |  | (42 | ) |  | 3,978 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 292 |
Balance at March 31, 2018 | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 32,517 |  |  | $ | 325 |  |  | $ | 472,220 |  |  | $ | (91,769 | ) |  | $ | (4,795 | ) |  | $ | 375,981 |  |  | 4,966 |  |  | $ | 106,123 |  |  | $ | 46,259 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Table of Contents
BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited, in thousands)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | (1,322 | ) |  | $ | 4,270 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 16,686 |  |  | 13,006 |
Equity-based compensation | 1,528 |  |  | 2,593 |
Bad debt expense | 87 |  |  | 57 |
Amortization of loan costs | 1,180 |  |  | 988 |
Write-off of loan costs and exit fees | 312 |  |  | 2 |
Amortization of intangibles | 119 |  |  | 43 |
Amortization of non-refundable membership initiation fees | (27 | ) |  | — |
Interest expense accretion on refundable membership club deposits | 225 |  |  | — |
Impairment charges | — |  |  | 12 |
Unrealized (gain) loss on investment in Ashford Inc. | (707 | ) |  | (528 | )
Realized and unrealized (gain) loss on derivatives | 937 |  |  | (73 | )
Net settlement of trading derivatives | (925 | ) |  | (270 | )
Equity in (earnings) loss of unconsolidated entity | 50 |  |  | 3 |
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) | 179 |  |  | 136 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, exclusive of the effect of hotel acquisitions and dispositions: |  |  |
Accounts receivable and inventories | (9,354 | ) |  | (5,419 | )
Insurance receivable | — |  |  | (5,387 | )
Prepaid expenses and other assets | (1,536 | ) |  | (3,747 | )
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | (49 | ) |  | 781 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 115 |  |  | — |
Due to/from related party, net | (493 | ) |  | (498 | )
Due to/from third-party hotel managers | (2,518 | ) |  | (637 | )
Due to/from Ashford Inc. | 1,113 |  |  | (1,436 | )
Operating lease liabilities | (30 | ) |  | — |
Other liabilities | (6,186 | ) |  | 53 |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | (616 | ) |  | 3,949 |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Acquisition of hotel properties, net of cash and restricted cash acquired | (112,095 | ) |  | (4,500 | )
Investment in unconsolidated entity | (156 | ) |  | (2,000 | )
Improvements and additions to hotel properties | (36,644 | ) |  | (15,736 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (148,895 | ) |  | (22,236 | )
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Borrowings on indebtedness | 249,000 |  |  | — |
Repayments of indebtedness | (187,086 | ) |  | (714 | )
Payments of loan costs and exit fees | (2,441 | ) |  | (92 | )
Payments for derivatives | (55 | ) |  | (67 | )
Purchase of common stock | (202 | ) |  | (74 | )
Payments for dividends and distributions | (7,979 | ) |  | (7,518 | )
Preferred stock offering costs | (110 | ) |  | — |
Other | 7 |  |  | 18 |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 51,134 |  |  | (8,447 | )
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (98,377 | ) |  | (26,734 | )
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | 258,488 |  |  | 185,342 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 160,111 |  |  | $ | 158,608 |
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION |  |  |
Interest paid | $ | 12,363 |  |  | $ | 9,031 |
Income taxes paid (refund) | (1,224 | ) |  | (743 | )
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Dividends and distributions declared but not paid | 9,174 |  |  | 8,374 |
Capital expenditures accrued but not paid | 14,891 |  |  | 4,138 |
Non-cash dividends paid | — |  |  | 58 |

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| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | $ | 182,578 |  |  | $ | 137,522 |
Restricted cash at beginning of period | 75,910 |  |  | 47,820 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | $ | 258,488 |  |  | $ | 185,342 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 73,802 |  |  | $ | 95,223 |
Restricted cash at end of period | 86,309 |  |  | 63,385 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 160,111 |  |  | $ | 158,608 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
1. Organization and Description of Business
Braemar Hotels & Resorts Inc., together with its subsidiaries (“Braemar”), is a Maryland corporation that invests primarily in high revenue per available room (“RevPAR”) luxury hotels and resorts. High RevPAR, for purposes of our investment strategy, means RevPAR of at least twice the then-current U.S. national average RevPAR for all hotels as determined by Smith Travel Research. Braemar has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code. Braemar conducts its business and owns substantially all of its assets through its operating partnership, Braemar Hospitality Limited Partnership (“Braemar OP”). In this report, the terms the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our,” refers to Braemar Hotels & Resorts Inc. and, as the context may require, all entities included in its condensed consolidated financial statements.
We are advised by Ashford Hospitality Advisors LLC (“Ashford LLC” or the “Advisor”) through an advisory agreement. Ashford LLC is a subsidiary of Ashford Inc. All of the hotel properties in our portfolio are currently asset-managed by Ashford LLC. We do not have any employees. All of the services that might be provided by employees are provided to us by Ashford LLC.
We do not operate any of our hotel properties directly; instead we employ hotel management companies to operate them for us under management contracts. As of March 31, 2019, Remington Lodging & Hospitality, LLC, together with its affiliates (“Remington Lodging”), which is beneficially wholly-owned by Mr. Monty J. Bennett, Chairman of our board of directors, and Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr., Chairman Emeritus of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. (“Ashford Trust”), managed three of our thirteen hotel properties. Third-party management companies managed the remaining hotel properties.
Ashford Inc. also provides other products and services to us or our hotel properties through certain entities in which Ashford Inc. has an ownership interest. These products and services include project management services, mortgage placement services, real estate advisory services, watersports activities, travel/transportation services and mobile key technology.
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of such wholly-owned and majority owned subsidiaries of Braemar OP that as of March 31, 2019, own thirteen hotel properties in six states, the District of Columbia and the U.S. Virgin Islands (“USVI”). The portfolio includes eleven wholly-owned hotel properties and two hotel properties that are owned through a partnership in which Braemar OP has a controlling interest. These hotel properties represent 3,719 total rooms, or 3,484 net rooms, excluding those attributable to our partner. As a REIT, Braemar is required to comply with limitations imposed by the Internal Revenue Code related to operating hotels. As of March 31, 2019, twelve of our thirteen hotel properties were leased by wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries that are treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRS”) for federal income tax purposes (collectively the TRS entities are referred to as “Braemar TRS”). One hotel property, located in the USVI, is owned by our USVI TRS. Braemar TRS then engages third-party or affiliated hotel management companies to operate the hotel properties under management contracts. Hotel operating results related to the hotel properties are included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
As of March 31, 2019, ten of the thirteen hotel properties were leased by Braemar’s wholly-owned TRS and the two hotel properties majority-owned through a consolidated partnership were leased to a TRS wholly-owned by such consolidated partnership. Each leased hotel is leased under a percentage lease that provides for each lessee to pay in each calendar month the base rent plus, in each calendar quarter, percentage rent, if any, based on hotel revenues. Lease revenue from Braemar TRS is eliminated in consolidation. The hotel properties are operated under management contracts with Marriott International, Inc. (“Marriott”), Hilton Worldwide (“Hilton”), Accor Business and Leisure Management, LLC (“Accor”), Hyatt Hotels Corporation (“Hyatt”), Ritz-Carlton, Inc., a subsidiary of Marriott (“Ritz-Carlton”) and Remington Lodging, which are eligible independent contractors under the Internal Revenue Code.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation—The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. These condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Braemar Hotels & Resorts Inc., its majority-owned subsidiaries, and its majority-owned entities in which it has a controlling interest. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions between consolidated entities have been eliminated in these condensed consolidated financial statements. We have condensed or omitted certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements presented in accordance with GAAP in the
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(unaudited)
accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. We believe the disclosures made herein are adequate to prevent the information presented from being misleading. However, the financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as originally filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 8, 2019, as subsequently amended.
Braemar OP is considered to be a variable interest entity (“VIE”), as defined by authoritative accounting guidance. A VIE must be consolidated by a reporting entity if the reporting entity is the primary beneficiary because it has (i) the power to direct the VIE’s activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE. All major decisions related to Braemar OP that most significantly impact its economic performance, including but not limited to operating procedures with respect to business affairs and any acquisitions, dispositions, financings, restructurings or other transactions with sellers, purchasers, lenders, brokers, agents and other applicable representatives, are subject to the approval of our wholly-owned subsidiary, Braemar OP General Partner LLC, its general partner. As such, we consolidate Braemar OP.
The following items affect reporting comparability of our historical condensed consolidated financial statements:

• | historical seasonality patterns at some of our hotel properties cause fluctuations in our overall operating results. Consequently, operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2019, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019;

• | on April 4, 2018, we acquired the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota. The operating results of the hotel property have been included in the results of operations as of its acquisition date;

• | on June 1, 2018, we sold the Tampa Renaissance; and

• | on January 15, 2019, we acquired the Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe. The operating results of the hotel property have been included in the results of operations as of its acquisition date.

Use of Estimates—The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Restricted Cash—Restricted cash includes reserves for debt service, real estate taxes and insurance, as well as excess cash flow deposits and reserves for furniture, fixtures and equipment (“FF&E”) replacements of approximately 4% to 5% of property revenue for certain hotels, as required by certain management or mortgage debt agreement restrictions and provisions.
Impairment of Investments in Hotel Properties—Hotel properties are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Recoverability of the hotel is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of the hotel to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows, which take into account current market conditions and our intent with respect to holding or disposing of the hotel. If our analysis indicates that the carrying value of the hotel is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, we recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the property’s net book value exceeds its estimated fair value, or fair value, less cost to sell. In evaluating the impairment of hotel properties, we make many assumptions and estimates, including projected cash flows, expected holding period and expected useful life. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including internally developed discounted cash flow models, comparable market transactions and third-party appraisals, where considered necessary. Asset write-downs resulting from property damage are recorded up to the amount of the allocable property insurance deductible in the period that the property damage occurs. See note 4.
Investment in Ashford Inc.—We hold approximately 195,000 shares of Ashford Inc. common stock, which represented approximately 7.9% of the outstanding common stock in Ashford Inc., with a fair value of $10.8 million at March 31, 2019. This investment would typically be accounted for under the equity method of accounting, under Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 323-10 - Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures since we exercise significant influence. However, we have elected to record our investment in Ashford Inc. using the fair value option under ASC 825-10 - Fair Value Option - Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.
Investment in Unconsolidated Entity—Investment in unconsolidated entity, in which we have ownership interest of 8.4% at March 31, 2019, is accounted for under the equity method of accounting by recording the initial investment and our percentage of interest in the entities’ net income/loss. We review our investment in unconsolidated entity for impairment in each reporting
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(unaudited)
period pursuant to the applicable authoritative accounting guidance. An investment is impaired when its estimated fair value is less than the carrying amount of our investment.
Our investment in unconsolidated entity is considered to be a variable interest in the underlying entity. VIEs, as defined by authoritative accounting guidance, must be consolidated by a reporting entity if the reporting entity is the primary beneficiary because it has (i) the power to direct the VIE’s activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE. Because we do not have the power and financial responsibility to direct the unconsolidated entity’s activities and operations, we are not considered to be the primary beneficiary of this entity on an ongoing basis and therefore such entity should not be consolidated. In evaluating VIEs, our analysis involves considerable management judgment and assumptions.
We review our investment in unconsolidated entity for impairment in each reporting period pursuant to the applicable authoritative accounting guidance. An investment is impaired when its estimated fair value is less than the carrying amount of our investment. Any impairment is recorded in equity in earnings (loss) in unconsolidated entity. No such impairment was recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.
Leases—We determine if an arrangement is a lease at commencement date. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and operating lease liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. We currently do not have any finance leases.
Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and initial direct costs incurred and excludes lease incentives. The lease terms used to calculate our right-of-use assets may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Equity-Based Compensation—Prior to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-07, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2018-07”) in the third quarter of 2018, stock/unit-based compensation for non-employees was accounted for at fair value based on the market price of the shares at period end that resulted in recording expense, included in “advisory services fee” and “management fees,” equal to the fair value of the award in proportion to the requisite service period satisfied during the period. Performance stock units (“PSUs”) and Performance Long-Term Incentive Plan (“Performance LTIP”) units granted to certain executive officers were accounted for at fair value at period end based on a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model that resulted in recording expense, included in “advisory services fee,” equal to the fair value of the award in proportion to the requisite service period satisfied during the period. Stock/unit grants to certain independent directors are recorded at fair value based on the market price of the shares/units at grant date, which amount is fully expensed as the grants of stock/units are fully vested on the date of grant and included in “corporate general and administrative” expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
After the adoption of ASU 2018-07 in the third quarter of 2018, stock/unit-based compensation for non-employees is measured at the grant date and expensed ratably over the vesting period based on the original measurement as of the grant date. This results in the recording of expense, included in “advisory services fee,” “management fees” and “corporate general and administrative” expense, equal to the ratable amount of the grant date fair value based on the requisite service period satisfied during the period. PSUs and Performance LTIP units granted to certain executive officers vest based on time and market conditions and are measured at the grant date fair value based on a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model. The subsequent expense is then ratably recognized over the service period as the service is rendered regardless of when, if ever, the market conditions are satisfied. This results in recording expense, included in “advisory services fee,” equal to the ratable amount of the grant date fair value based on the requisite service period satisfied during the period. Stock/unit grants to certain independent directors are measured at the grant date based on the market price of the shares/units at grant date, which amount is fully expensed as the grants of stock/units are fully vested on the date of grant.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards— In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”). The new standard establishes a ROU model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases ("ASU 2018-10") and ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842), Targeted Improvements (“ASU 2018-11”). The amendments in ASU 2018-10 affect only narrow aspects of the guidance issued in
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
the amendments in ASU 2016-02, including but not limited to lease residual value guarantee, rate implicit in the lease, lease term and purchase option. The amendments in ASU 2018-11 provide an optional transition method for adoption of the new standard, which will allow entities to continue to apply the legacy guidance in ASC 840, including its disclosure requirements, in the comparative periods presented in the year of adoption. In December 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-20, Leases (Topic 842), Narrow-Scope Improvements for Lessors (“ASU 2018-20”). The amendments create a lessor practical expedient applicable to sales and other similar taxes incurred in connection with a lease, and simplify lessor accounting for lessor costs paid by the lessee.
We adopted the standard effective January 1, 2019 on a modified retrospective basis and implemented internal controls to enable the preparation of financial information on adoption. We elected the practical expedients which provide us the option to apply the new guidance at its effective date on January 1, 2019 without having to adjust the comparative prior period financial statements. The package of practical expedients also allowed us to carry forward the historical lease classification. Additionally, we elected the practical expedients allowing us not to separate lease and non-lease components and not record leases with an initial term of twelve months or less (“short-term leases”) on the balance sheet across all existing asset classes.
The adoption of this standard has resulted in the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities primarily related to our ground lease arrangements for which we are the lessee. As of January 1, 2019, we recorded operating lease liabilities of $60.6 million as well as a corresponding ROU asset of $82.5 million, which includes, among other things, the reclassified intangible assets of $22.3 million. The standard did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated statements of operations and statements of cash flows. See related disclosures in note 5.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards—In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"). The ASU sets forth an “expected credit loss” impairment model to replace the current “incurred loss” method of recognizing credit losses. The standard requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for most financial assets held. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for periods beginning after December 15, 2018. In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (“ASU 2018-19”). ASU 2018-19 clarifies that receivables arising from operating leases are not within the scope of Subtopic 326-20. Instead, impairment of receivables arising from operating leases should be accounted for in accordance with Topic 842, Leases. We are currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2016-13 will have on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (“ASU 2018-13”). ASU 2018-13 modifies certain disclosure requirements related to fair value measurements including requiring disclosures on changes in unrealized gains and losses in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements and a requirement to disclose the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2018-13 will have on the condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
3. Revenue
Rooms revenue represents revenues from the occupancy of our hotel rooms and is driven by the occupancy and average daily rate charged. Rooms revenue includes revenue for guest no-shows, day use, and early/late departure fees. The contracts for room stays with customers are generally short in duration and revenues are recognized as services are provided over the course of the hotel stay.
Food & Beverage (“F&B”) revenue consists of revenue from the restaurants and lounges at our hotel properties, in-room dining and mini-bars revenue, and banquet/catering revenue from group and social functions. Other F&B revenue may include revenue from audio visual equipment/services, rental of function rooms, and other F&B related revenues. Revenue is recognized as the services or products are provided. Our hotel properties may employ third parties to provide certain services at the property, for example, audio visual services. We evaluate each of these contracts to determine if the hotel is the principal or the agent in the transaction, and record the revenues as appropriate (i.e. gross vs. net).
Other revenue consists of ancillary revenue at the property, including attrition and cancellation fees, condo management fees, resort and destination fees, health center fees, spas, golf, telecommunications, parking, entertainment and other guest services, as well as rental revenue primarily from leased retail outlets at our hotel properties, and membership initiation fees and dues, primarily from club memberships. Cancellation fees are recognized from non-cancellable deposits when the customer provides notification
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
of cancellation in accordance with established management policy time frames. Non-refundable membership initiation fees are recognized over the expected life of an active membership.
Taxes specifically collected from customers and submitted to taxing authorities are not recorded in revenue. Interest income is recognized when earned.
The following tables present our revenue disaggregated by geographical areas (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Primary Geographical Market |  | Number of Hotels |  | Rooms |  | Food and Beverage |  | Other Hotel |  | Other |  | Total
California |  | 5 |  | $ | 29,914 |  |  | $ | 10,165 |  |  | $ | 3,926 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 44,005 |
Colorado |  | 1 |  | 9,597 |  |  | 4,836 |  |  | 3,666 |  |  | — |  |  | 18,099 |
Florida |  | 2 |  | 14,996 |  |  | 8,096 |  |  | 4,822 |  |  | — |  |  | 27,914 |
Illinois |  | 1 |  | 3,323 |  |  | 1,138 |  |  | 296 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,757 |
Pennsylvania |  | 1 |  | 4,237 |  |  | 808 |  |  | 229 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,274 |
Washington |  | 1 |  | 5,116 |  |  | 1,814 |  |  | 383 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,313 |
Washington, D.C. |  | 1 |  | 8,708 |  |  | 4,561 |  |  | 382 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,651 |
USVI |  | 1 |  | 840 |  |  | 696 |  |  | 5,959 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,495 |
Corporate entities |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 5 |
Total |  | 13 |  | $ | 76,731 |  |  | $ | 32,114 |  |  | $ | 19,663 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 128,513 |

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
Primary Geographical Market |  | Number of Hotels |  | Rooms |  | Food and Beverage |  | Other Hotel |  | Other |  | Total
California |  | 4 |  | $ | 19,104 |  |  | $ | 7,306 |  |  | $ | 3,474 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 29,884 |
Colorado |  | 1 |  | 9,797 |  |  | 4,819 |  |  | 3,543 |  |  | — |  |  | 18,159 |
Florida |  | 1 |  | 5,473 |  |  | 802 |  |  | 752 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,027 |
Illinois |  | 1 |  | 3,419 |  |  | 1,251 |  |  | 210 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,880 |
Pennsylvania |  | 1 |  | 6,153 |  |  | 1,173 |  |  | 297 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,623 |
Washington |  | 1 |  | 5,502 |  |  | 1,664 |  |  | 265 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,431 |
Washington, D.C. |  | 1 |  | 8,961 |  |  | 4,339 |  |  | 284 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,584 |
USVI |  | 1 |  | 1,816 |  |  | 199 |  |  | 4,546 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,561 |
Sold hotel properties |  | 1 |  | 5,282 |  |  | 1,947 |  |  | 111 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,340 |
Total |  | 12 |  | $ | 65,507 |  |  | $ | 23,500 |  |  | $ | 13,482 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 102,489 |

4. Investments in Hotel Properties, net
Investments in hotel properties, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

| March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Land | $ | 455,298 |  |  | $ | 428,567 |
Buildings and improvements | 1,089,457 |  |  | 989,180 |
Furniture, fixtures and equipment | 114,086 |  |  | 103,025 |
Construction in progress | 60,434 |  |  | 42,034 |
Total cost | 1,719,275 |  |  | 1,562,806 |
Accumulated depreciation | (276,799 | ) |  | (262,905 | )
Investments in hotel properties, net | $ | 1,442,476 |  |  | $ | 1,299,901 |

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe
On January 15, 2019, the Company acquired a 100% interest in the 170-room Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe located in Truckee, California for $120.0 million. The Company incurred $582,000 in acquisition costs. In connection with the acquisition the Company completed the financing of a $54.0 million mortgage loan secured by the Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe. See note 8.
We accounted for this transaction as an asset acquisition because substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired were concentrated in a group of similar identifiable assets. We allocated the cost of the acquisition including transaction costs to the individual assets acquired and liabilities assumed on a relative fair value basis, which is considered a Level 3 valuation technique, as noted in the following table (in thousands):

Land (1) | $ | 26,731 |
Buildings and improvements | 89,340 |
Furniture, fixtures and equipment | 2,172 |
| $ | 118,243 |
Capital reserves | 6,150 |
Key money | (3,811 | )
| $ | 120,582 |
Net other assets (liabilities) | $ | 912 |

________

(1) | Amount includes the value of a 3.4-acre parking lot adjacent to the hotel which could be used for future development of luxury town homes.

The results of operations of the hotel property have been included in our results of operations as of the acquisition date. The table below summarizes the total revenue and net income (loss) in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019:

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Total revenue | $ | 13,491 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 3,028 |

Impairment Charges and Insurance Recoveries
In September 2017, the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas located in St. Thomas, USVI, the Key West Pier House located in Key West, FL and the Tampa Renaissance located in Tampa, FL (sold in 2018) were impacted by the effects of Hurricanes Irma and Maria. The Company holds insurance policies that provide coverage for property damage and business interruption after meeting certain deductibles at all of its hotel properties.
For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded revenue from business interruption losses associated with lost profits from the hurricanes of $6.0 million and $4.9 million, respectively, which are included in “other” hotel revenue in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company received no proceeds from our insurance carriers for property damage and business interruption from the hurricanes during both the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. Additionally, during the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company recorded revenue of $1.8 million, net of deductibles of $500,000, for business interruption losses associated with lost profits at the Bardessono Hotel and Hotel Yountville as a result of the Napa wildfires, which is included in “other” hotel revenue in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we recorded impairment charges of $0 and $12,000, respectively, as a result of a change in estimate of property damage as a result of the hurricanes. As of March 31, 2019, the Company had a net liability of $11.4 million, included in “other liabilities” on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, as it has received insurance proceeds in excess of the sum of its impairment, remediation expenses and business interruption revenue recorded through March 31, 2019. The Company will not record revenue for business interruption losses associated with lost profits or gains from property damage recoveries until the amount for such recoveries is known and the amount is realizable.
5. Leases
On January 1, 2019, we adopted ASC 842 on a modified retrospective basis. We elected the practical expedients which allowed us to apply the new guidance at its effective date on January 1, 2019 without adjusting the comparative prior period financial
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
statements. The package of practical expedients also allowed us to carry forward the historical lease classification. Additionally, we elected the practical expedients allowing us not to separate lease and non-lease components and not record leases with an initial term of twelve months or less (“short-term leases”) on the balance sheet across all existing asset classes.
The adoption of this standard has resulted in the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities primarily related to our ground lease arrangements for which we are the lessee. As of January 1, 2019, we recorded operating lease liabilities of $60.6 million as well as a corresponding ROU asset of $82.5 million, which includes, among other things, the reclassified intangible assets of $22.3 million. The standard did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated statements of operations and statements of cash flows.
The majority of our leases are operating ground leases. We also have operating equipment leases, such as copier and vehicle leases, at our hotel properties. Some leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from one to 50 years. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. Some leases have variable payments, however, if variable payments are contingent, they are not included in the ROU assets and liabilities. We have no finance leases as of March 31, 2019.
As of March 31, 2019, our leased assets and liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

| March 31, 2019
Assets |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | $ | 82,308 |
Liabilities |
Operating lease liabilities | $ | 60,617 |

We incurred the following lease costs related to our operating leases (in thousands):

|  | Classification |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Operating lease cost (1) (2) |  | Hotel operating expenses - other |  | $ | 1,383 |

_______________________________________
(1) Includes variable lease costs associated with the ground leases and short-term leases, which are immaterial.
(2) Includes approximately $323,000 of variable lease cost and $119,000 of amortization costs related to the intangible assets that was reclassified upon adoption of ASC 842.
Other information related to leases is as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Supplemental Cash Flows Information |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |
Operating cash flows from operating leases (in thousands) | $ | 782 |
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term |
Operating leases (1) | 48 years |
Weighted Average Discount Rate |
Operating leases (1) | 4.96 | %

_______________________________________
(1) Calculated using the lease term, excluding extension options, and discount rates of the ground leases.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
Future minimum lease payments due under non-cancellable leases as of March 31, 2019 were as follows (in thousands):

|  | Operating Leases
2019 |  | $ | 2,346 |
2020 |  | 3,140 |
2021 |  | 3,152 |
2022 |  | 3,164 |
2023 |  | 3,176 |
Thereafter |  | 150,980 |
Total future minimum lease payments |  | 165,958 |
Less: interest |  | (105,341 | )
Present value of lease liabilities |  | $ | 60,617 |

Future minimum lease payments due under non-cancellable leases under ASC 840 as of December 31, 2018 were as follows (in thousands):

2019 |  | $ | 3,161 |
2020 |  | 3,156 |
2021 |  | 3,152 |
2022 |  | 3,164 |
2023 |  | 3,177 |
Thereafter |  | 151,244 |
Total |  | $ | 167,054 |

6. Hotel Dispositions
On June 1, 2018, the Company sold the Tampa Renaissance hotel for $68.0 million in cash. The sale resulted in a gain of $15.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 and was included in “gain (loss) on sale of hotel properties” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Since the sale of the hotel property did not represent a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on our operations or financial results, its results of operations were not reported as discontinued operations in our condensed consolidated financial statements.
We included the results of operations of this hotel property through the date of disposition in net income (loss) as shown in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The following table includes the condensed financial information from this hotel property (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2018
Total hotel revenue | $ | 7,340 |
Total hotel operating expenses | (4,978 | )
Operating income (loss) | 2,362 |
Property taxes, insurance and other | (269 | )
Depreciation and amortization | (937 | )
Impairment charges | (12 | )
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs | (488 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes | 656 |
(Income) loss before income taxes attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership | (74 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes attributable to the Company | $ | 582 |

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
7. Investment in Unconsolidated Entity
Ashford Inc.
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we held approximately 195,000 shares of Ashford Inc. common stock. The closing price per share of Ashford Inc. common stock on the NYSE American LLC was $55.53 and $51.90 as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. This represented an approximate 7.9% and 8.1% ownership interest in the outstanding common stock of Ashford Inc. for March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. See notes 11 and 12.
We have elected to use the fair value option, under the applicable accounting guidance, to account for our investment in Ashford Inc. as the fair value is readily available since Ashford Inc. common stock is traded on a national exchange. The fair value of our investment in Ashford Inc. is included in “investment in Ashford Inc., at fair value” on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, and changes in market value are included in “unrealized gain (loss) on investment in Ashford Inc.” on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The following tables summarize the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, and the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, of Ashford Inc. (in thousands):
Ashford Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(unaudited)

| March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Total assets | $ | 420,106 |  |  | $ | 379,005 |
Total liabilities | 144,363 |  |  | 108,726 |
Series B cumulative convertible preferred stock | 201,338 |  |  | 200,847 |
Redeemable noncontrolling interests | 3,810 |  |  | 3,531 |
Total stockholders’ equity of Ashford Inc. | 69,968 |  |  | 65,443 |
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities | 627 |  |  | 458 |
Total equity | 70,595 |  |  | 65,901 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 420,106 |  |  | $ | 379,005 |
Our investment in Ashford Inc., at fair value | $ | 10,821 |  |  | $ | 10,114 |

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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
Ashford Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Total revenue | $ | 63,320 |  |  | $ | 48,168 |
Total operating expenses | (60,778 | ) |  | (53,204 | )
Operating income (loss) | 2,542 |  |  | (5,036 | )
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated entities | (275 | ) |  | — |
Interest expense and loan amortization cost | (366 | ) |  | (166 | )
Other income (expense) | (33 | ) |  | 73 |
Income tax (expense) benefit | (1,300 | ) |  | (706 | )
Net income (loss) | 568 |  |  | (5,835 | )
(Income) loss from consolidated entities attributable to noncontrolling interests | 163 |  |  | 173 |
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests | (21 | ) |  | (61 | )
Net income (loss) attributable to Ashford Inc. | $ | 710 |  |  | $ | (5,723 | )
Preferred dividends | (2,791 | ) |  | — |
Amortization of preferred stock discount | (491 | ) |  | — |
Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | (2,572 | ) |  | $ | (5,723 | )
Our unrealized gain (loss) on investment in Ashford Inc. | $ | 707 |  |  | $ | 528 |

OpenKey
On March 28, 2018, the Company made a $2.0 million investment in OpenKey, which is controlled and consolidated by Ashford Inc., for an 8.2% ownership interest, which investment was recommended by our Related Party Transactions Committee and unanimously approved by the independent members of our board of directors. On February 6, 2019, the Company made an additional investment of $156,000, which was recommended by our Related Party Transactions Committee and unanimously approved by the independent members of our board of directors.
OpenKey is a hospitality-focused mobile key platform that provides a universal smart phone app for keyless entry into hotel guest rooms. Our investment is recorded as “investment in unconsolidated entity” in our condensed consolidated balance sheet and is accounted for under the equity method of accounting as we have been deemed to have significant influence over the entity under the applicable accounting guidance.
The following table summarizes our carrying value and ownership interest in OpenKey:

| March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Carrying value of the investment in OpenKey (in thousands) | $ | 1,872 |  |  | $ | 1,766 |
Ownership interest in OpenKey | 8.4 | % |  | 8.2 | %

The following table summarizes our equity in earnings (loss) in OpenKey (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31,
Line Item |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated entity |  | $ | (50 | ) |  | $ | (3 | )

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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
8. Indebtedness
Indebtedness consisted of the following (in thousands):

Indebtedness |  | Collateral |  | Maturity |  | Interest Rate |  | March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Secured revolving credit facility (3) |  | None |  | November 2019 |  | Base Rate (2) + 1.25% to 2.50% or LIBOR (1) + 2.25% to 3.50% |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Mortgage loan (4) |  | Park Hyatt Beaver Creek |  | April 2019 |  | LIBOR (1) + 2.75% |  | 67,500 |  |  | 67,500 |
Mortgage loan (5) |  | Capital Hilton |  | November 2019 |  | LIBOR(1) + 2.65% |  | — |  |  | 187,086 |
|  | Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loan (6) |  | Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas |  | December 2019 |  | LIBOR (1) + 4.95% |  | 42,000 |  |  | 42,000 |
Mortgage loan (7) |  | Pier House Resort |  | March 2020 |  | LIBOR (1) + 2.25% |  | 70,000 |  |  | 70,000 |
Mortgage loan |  | Courtyard Philadelphia |  | June 2020 |  | LIBOR (1) + 2.16% |  | 435,000 |  |  | 435,000 |
|  | Courtyard San Francisco Downtown |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Sofitel Chicago Magnificent Mile |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Marriott Seattle Waterfront |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loan |  | Hotel Yountville |  | May 2022 |  | LIBOR (1) + 2.55% |  | 51,000 |  |  | 51,000 |
Mortgage loan |  | Bardessono Hotel |  | August 2022 |  | LIBOR (1) + 2.55% |  | 40,000 |  |  | 40,000 |
Mortgage loan |  | Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota |  | April 2023 |  | LIBOR (1) + 2.65% |  | 100,000 |  |  | 100,000 |
Mortgage loan |  | Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe |  | January 2024 |  | LIBOR (1) + 2.10% |  | 54,000 |  |  | — |
Mortgage loan (5) |  | Capital Hilton |  | February 2024 |  | LIBOR (1) + 1.70% |  | 195,000 |  |  | — |
|  | Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,054,500 |  |  | 992,586 |
Deferred loan costs, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (7,751 | ) |  | (6,713 | )
Indebtedness, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,046,749 |  |  | $ | 985,873 |

__________________

(1) | LIBOR rates were 2.495% and 2.503% at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

(2) | Base Rate, as defined in the secured revolving credit facility agreement, is the greater of (i) the prime rate set by Bank of America, or (ii) federal funds rate + 0.5%, or (iii) LIBOR + 1.0%.

(3) | Our borrowing capacity under our secured revolving credit facility is $100.0 million. We have an option, subject to lender approval, to further increase the borrowing capacity to an aggregate of $250.0 million. We may use up to $15.0 million for standby letters of credit. The secured revolving credit facility has two one-year extension options subject to advance notice, satisfaction of certain conditions and a 0.25% extension fee.

(4) | This mortgage loan has three one-year extension options, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions, of which the first was exercised in April 2019.

(5) | On January 22, 2019, we refinanced this mortgage loan with an outstanding balance of $186.8 million with a new $195.0 million mortgage loan with a five-year term. The new mortgage loan is interest only and bears interest at a rate of LIBOR + 1.70%.

(6) | This mortgage loan has three one-year extension options, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions, of which the second was exercised in December 2018.

(7) | This mortgage loan has three one-year extension options, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions, of which the third was exercised in March 2019.

On April 4, 2018, in connection with the acquisition of the 266-room Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota in Sarasota, Florida, the Company completed the financing of a $100.0 million mortgage loan. This mortgage loan provides for an interest rate of LIBOR + 2.65%. The mortgage loan is interest only until July 1, 2021 and then amortizes 1% annually for the remaining term. The stated maturity is April 2023.
On May 23, 2018, the Company refinanced two mortgage loans with an outstanding balance of $357.6 million with a new $435.0 million mortgage loan with a two-year initial term and five one-year extension options subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. As a result of the refinance the Tampa Renaissance became unencumbered. The new mortgage loan is interest only and bears interest at a rate of LIBOR + 2.16%. The loan is secured by four hotels: Marriott Seattle Waterfront, Courtyard San Francisco Downtown, Courtyard Philadelphia and Sofitel Chicago Magnificent Mile.
On January 15, 2019, in connection with the acquisition of the 170-room Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe located in Truckee, California, the Company completed the financing of a $54.0 million mortgage loan. This mortgage loan provides for an interest rate of LIBOR + 2.10%. The mortgage loan is interest only and has a five year term.
On January 22, 2019, the Company refinanced its existing mortgage loan with an outstanding balance of approximately $186.8 million and a final maturity date in November 2021 with a new $195.0 million mortgage loan that is interest only, bears interest at a rate of LIBOR + 1.70% and has a five-year term. The mortgage loan is secured by the same two hotels: the Capital Hilton and Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines. These two hotels are held in a joint venture in which we have a 75% equity interest.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
We are required to maintain certain financial ratios under our secured revolving credit facility. If we violate covenants in any debt agreement, we could be required to repay all or a portion of our indebtedness before maturity at a time when we might be unable to arrange financing for such repayment on attractive terms, if at all. Violations of certain debt covenants may result in our inability to borrow unused amounts under our line of credit, even if repayment of some or all of our borrowings is not required. The assets of certain of our subsidiaries are pledged under non-recourse indebtedness and are not available to satisfy the debts and other obligations of the consolidated group. As of March 31, 2019, we were in compliance in all material respects with all covenants or other requirements set forth in our debt agreements as amended.
9. Income (Loss) Per Share
The following table reconciles the amounts used in calculating basic and diluted income (loss) per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted: |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to the Company | $ | (981 | ) |  | $ | 4,020 |
Less: Dividends on preferred stock | (2,532 | ) |  | (1,707 | )
Less: Dividends on common stock | (5,158 | ) |  | (5,116 | )
Less: Dividends on unvested performance stock units | (75 | ) |  | (72 | )
Less: Dividends on unvested restricted shares | (96 | ) |  | (87 | )
Undistributed net income (loss) allocated to common stockholders | (8,842 | ) |  | (2,962 | )
Add back: Dividends on common stock | 5,158 |  |  | 5,116 |
Distributed and undistributed net income (loss) - basic and diluted | $ | (3,684 | ) |  | $ | 2,154 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding: |  |  |
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic | 32,115 |  |  | 31,680 |
Advisory services incentive fee shares | — |  |  | 3 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted | 32,115 |  |  | 31,683 |
Income (loss) per share - basic: |  |  |
Net income (loss) allocated to common stockholders per share | $ | (0.11 | ) |  | $ | 0.07 |
Income (loss) per share - diluted: |  |  |
Net income (loss) allocated to common stockholders per share | $ | (0.11 | ) |  | $ | 0.07 |

Due to their anti-dilutive effect, the computation of diluted income (loss) per share does not reflect the adjustments for the following items (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Net income (loss) allocated to common stockholders is not adjusted for: |  |  |
Income (loss) allocated to unvested restricted shares | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | 87 |
Income (loss) allocated to unvested performance stock units | 75 |  |  | 72 |
Income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership | (440 | ) |  | 292 |
Dividends on preferred stock - Series B | 1,707 |  |  | 1,707 |
Total | $ | 1,438 |  |  | $ | 2,158 |
Weighted average diluted shares are not adjusted for: |  |  |
Effect of unvested restricted shares | 87 |  |  | 49 |
Effect of unvested performance stock units | 288 |  |  | 16 |
Effect of assumed conversion of operating partnership units | 4,342 |  |  | 4,124 |
Effect of assumed conversion of preferred stock - Series B | 6,569 |  |  | 6,569 |
Effect of advisory services incentive fee shares | 73 |  |  | — |
Total | 11,359 |  |  | 10,758 |

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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
10. Derivative Instruments
Interest Rate Derivatives—We are exposed to risks arising from our business operations, economic conditions and financial markets. To manage these risks, we primarily use interest rate derivatives to hedge our debt and our cash flows. The interest rate derivatives include interest rate caps and interest rate floors, which are subject to master netting settlement arrangements. All derivatives are recorded at fair value.
The following table summarizes the interest rate derivatives we entered into over the applicable periods:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
Interest rate caps: | 2019 |  | 2018
Notional amount (in thousands) | $ | 177,500 |  |  | $ | 150,000 |
Strike rate low end of range | 3.00 | % |  | 2.43 | %
Strike rate high end of range | 7.80 | % |  | 7.80 | %
Effective date range | January 2019 - March 2019 |  |  | February 2018 |
Termination date range | March 2020 - February 2021 |  |  | March 2019 |
Total cost of interest rate caps (in thousands) | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 67 |
Interest rate floors: |  |  |
Notional amount (in thousands) | $ | 2,000,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Strike rate | 1.63 | % |  | — | %
Effective date | January 2019 |  |  | n/a |
Termination date | March 2020 |  |  | n/a |
Total cost of interest rate floors (in thousands) | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | — |

_______________
No instruments were designated as cash flow hedges for both the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.
Interest rate derivatives consisted of the following:

Interest rate caps: (1) | March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Notional amount (in thousands) | $ | 913,000 |  |  | $ | 1,292,500 |
Strike rate low end of range | 3.00 | % |  | 2.43 | %
Strike rate high end of range | 7.80 | % |  | 11.61 | %
Effective date range | March 2017 - March 2019 |  |  | January 2017 - December 2018 |
Termination date range | April 2019 - February 2021 |  |  | January 2019 - June 2020 |
Aggregate principal balance on corresponding mortgage loans (in thousands) | $ | 845,500 |  |  | $ | 805,500 |
Interest rate floors: (1) (2) |  |  |
Notional amount (in thousands) | $ | 11,250,000 |  |  | $ | 10,850,000 |
Strike rate low end of range | (0.25 | )% |  | (0.25 | )%
Strike rate high end of range | 2.00 | % |  | 2.00 | %
Effective date range | July 2015 - January 2019 |  |  | July 2015 - July 2018 |
Termination date range | June 2019 - July 2020 |  |  | March 2019 - July 2020 |

_______________

(1) | No instruments were designated as cash flow hedges.

(2) | Cash collateral is posted by us as well as our counterparties. We offset the fair value of the derivative and the obligation/right to return/reclaim cash collateral.

Credit Default Swap Derivatives—We use credit default swaps, tied to the CMBX index, to hedge financial and capital market risk. A credit default swap is a derivative contract that functions like an insurance policy against the credit risk of an entity or obligation. The seller of protection assumes the credit risk of the reference obligation from the buyer (us) of protection in exchange for annual premium payments. If a default or a loss, as defined in the credit default swap agreements, occurs on the underlying bonds, then the buyer of protection is protected against those losses. The only liability for us, the buyer, is the annual premium and any change in value of the underlying CMBX index (if the trade is terminated prior to maturity). For all CMBX trades completed
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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
to date, we were the buyer of protection. Credit default swaps are subject to master-netting settlement arrangements and credit support annexes. As of March 31, 2019, we held a credit default swap with a notional amount of $50.0 million, an effective date of August 2017 and an expected maturity date of October 2026. Assuming the underlying bonds pay off at par over their remaining average life, our estimated total exposure for these trades was approximately $1.7 million as of March 31, 2019. Cash collateral is posted by us as well as our counterparties. We offset the fair value of the derivative and the obligation/right to return/reclaim cash collateral. The change in market value of credit default swaps is settled net through posting cash collateral or reclaiming cash collateral between us and our counterparties when such change in market value is over $250,000.
11. Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Hierarchy—Our financial instruments measured at fair value either on a recurring or a non-recurring basis are classified in a hierarchy for disclosure purposes consisting of three levels based on the observability of inputs in the market place as discussed below:

• | Level 1: Fair value measurements that are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that we have the ability to access for identical assets or liabilities. Market price data generally is obtained from exchange or dealer markets.

• | Level 2: Fair value measurements based on inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.

• | Level 3: Fair value measurements based on valuation techniques that use significant inputs that are unobservable. The circumstances for using these measurements include those in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability.

The fair value of interest rate caps is determined using the market standard methodology of discounting the future expected cash receipts that would occur if variable interest rates rise above the strike rates of the caps. The variable interest rates used in the calculation of projected receipts on the caps are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves (LIBOR forward curves) and volatilities (the Level 2 inputs). We also incorporate credit valuation adjustments (the Level 3 inputs) to appropriately reflect both our own non-performance risk and the respective counterparty’s non-performance risk.
Fair value of credit default swaps are obtained from a third party who publishes various information including the index composition and price data (Level 2 inputs). The fair value of credit default swaps does not contain credit-risk-related adjustments as the change in fair value is settled net through posting cash collateral or reclaiming cash collateral between us and our counterparty.
The fair value of interest rate floors is calculated using a third-party discounted cash flow model based on future cash flows that are expected to be received over the remaining life of the floor. These expected future cash flows are probability-weighted projections based on the contract terms, accounting for both the magnitude and likelihood of potential payments, which are both computed using the appropriate LIBOR forward curve and market implied volatilities as of the valuation date (Level 2 inputs).
The fair value of options on futures contracts is determined based on the last reported settlement price as of the measurement date (Level 1 inputs). These exchange-traded options are centrally cleared, and a clearinghouse stands in between all trades to ensure that the obligations involved in the trades are satisfied.
When a majority of the inputs used to value our derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. However, when the valuation adjustments associated with our derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads, to evaluate the likelihood of default by us and our counter-parties, which we consider significant (10% or more) to the overall valuation of our derivatives, the derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Transfers of inputs between levels are determined at the end of each reporting period. In determining the fair values of our derivatives at March 31, 2019, the LIBOR interest rate forward curve (Level 2 inputs) assumed a downtrend from 2.495% to 2.001% for the remaining term of our derivatives. Credit spreads (Level 3 inputs) used in determining the fair values of hedge and non-hedge designated derivatives assumed an uptrend in nonperformance risk for us and all of our counterparties through the maturity dates.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following tables present our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis aggregated by the level within which measurements fall in the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):

| Quoted Market Prices (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting(1) |  | Total |
March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate derivatives - floors | $ | — |  |  | $ | 83 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | 179 |  |
Interest rate derivatives - caps | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |
Credit default swaps | — |  |  | (252 | ) |  | — |  |  | 884 |  |  | 632 |  |
| — |  |  | (165 | ) |  | — |  |  | 980 |  |  | 815 |  | (2)
Non-derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment in Ashford Inc. | 10,821 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,821 |  |
Total | $ | 10,821 |  |  | $ | (165 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 980 |  |  | $ | 11,636 |  |

| Quoted Market Prices (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting(1) |  | Total |
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate derivatives - floors | $ | — |  |  | $ | 76 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 73 |  |  | $ | 149 |  |
Interest rate derivatives - caps | — |  |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |  |
Credit default swaps | — |  |  | 546 |  |  | — |  |  | 57 |  |  | 603 |  |
| — |  |  | 642 |  |  | — |  |  | 130 |  |  | 772 |  | (2)
Non-derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment in Ashford Inc. | 10,114 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,114 |  |
Total | $ | 10,114 |  |  | $ | 642 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 130 |  |  | $ | 10,886 |  |

__________________

(1) | Represents net cash collateral posted between us and our counterparties.

(2) | Reported as “derivative assets” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
Effect of Fair Value Measured Assets and Liabilities on Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
The following table summarizes the effect of fair value measured assets and liabilities on our condensed consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):

|  | Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income |
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |
Derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate derivatives - floors |  | $ | (68 | ) |  | $ | (27 | ) |
Interest rate derivatives - caps |  | (71 | ) |  | (5 | ) |
Credit default swaps |  | (798 | ) | (1) | 105 |  | (1)
Total derivative assets |  | $ | (937 | ) |  | $ | 73 |  |
Non-derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |
Investment in Ashford Inc. |  | 707 |  |  | 528 |  |
Total |  | $ | (230 | ) |  | $ | 601 |  |
Total combined |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate derivatives - floors |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | (27 | ) |
Interest rate derivatives - caps |  | (71 | ) |  | (5 | ) |
Credit default swaps |  | (798 | ) |  | 105 |  |
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives |  | (872 | ) |  | 73 |  |
Realized gain (loss) on interest rate floors |  | (65 | ) | (2) | — |  |
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment in Ashford Inc. |  | 707 |  |  | 528 |  |
Net |  | $ | (230 | ) |  | $ | 601 |  |

_______________

(1) | Excludes costs of $63 associated with credit default swaps for both the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, that’s included in “other income (expense)” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

(2) | Included in “other income (expense)” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
12. Summary of Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Determining the estimated fair values of certain financial instruments such as notes receivable and indebtedness requires considerable judgment to interpret market data. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. Accordingly, the estimates presented are not necessarily indicative of the amounts at which these instruments could be purchased, sold or settled.
The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments were as follows (in thousands):

|  | March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
|  | Carrying Value |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Carrying Value |  | Estimated Fair Value
Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment in Ashford Inc. |  | $ | 10,821 |  |  | $ | 10,821 |  |  | $ | 10,114 |  |  | $ | 10,114 |
Derivative assets |  | 815 |  |  | 815 |  |  | 772 |  |  | 772 |
Financial assets not measured at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 73,802 |  |  | $ | 73,802 |  |  | $ | 182,578 |  |  | $ | 182,578 |
Restricted cash |  | 86,309 |  |  | 86,309 |  |  | 75,910 |  |  | 75,910 |
Accounts receivable, net |  | 23,314 |  |  | 23,314 |  |  | 12,739 |  |  | 12,739 |
Due from related party, net |  | 350 |  |  | 350 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Due from third-party hotel managers |  | 14,402 |  |  | 14,402 |  |  | 4,927 |  |  | 4,927 |
Financial liabilities not measured at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Indebtedness |  | $ | 1,054,500 |  |  | $992,738 to $1,097,239 |  |  | $ | 992,586 |  |  | $936,904 to $1,035,526 |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  | 76,777 |  |  | 76,777 |  |  | 64,116 |  |  | 64,116 |
Dividends and distributions payable |  | 9,174 |  |  | 9,174 |  |  | 8,514 |  |  | 8,514 |
Due to Ashford Inc. |  | 5,114 |  |  | 5,114 |  |  | 4,001 |  |  | 4,001 |
Due to related party, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 224 |  |  | 224 |
Due to third-party hotel managers |  | 2,415 |  |  | 2,415 |  |  | 1,633 |  |  | 1,633 |

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. These financial assets have maturities of less than 90 days and most bear interest at market rates. The carrying value approximates fair value due to their short-term nature. This is considered a Level 1 valuation technique.
Accounts receivable, net, due to/from related party, net, accounts payable and accrued expenses, dividends and distributions payable, due to Ashford Inc. and due to/from third-party hotel managers. The carrying values of these financial instruments approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. This is considered a Level 1 valuation technique.
Investment in Ashford Inc. Fair value of the investment in Ashford Inc. is based on the quoted closing price on the balance sheet date. This is considered a Level 1 valuation technique.
Derivative assets. Fair value of interest rate caps is determined using the net present value of expected cash flows of each derivative based on the market-based interest rate curve and adjusted for credit spreads of us and our counterparties. Fair value of credit default swaps are obtained from a third party who publishes the CMBX index composition and price data. Fair values of interest rate floors are calculated using a third-party discounted cash flow model based on future cash flows that are expected to be received over the remaining life of the floor. See notes 10 and 11 for a complete description of the methodology and assumptions utilized in determining fair values.
Indebtedness. Fair value of indebtedness is determined using future cash flows discounted at current replacement rates for these instruments. Cash flows are determined using a forward interest rate yield curve. The current replacement rates are determined by using the U.S. Treasury yield curve or the index to which these financial instruments are tied, and adjusted for the credit spreads. Credit spreads take into consideration general market conditions, maturity and collateral. We estimated the fair value of the total indebtedness to be approximately 94.1% to 104.1% of the carrying value of $1.1 billion at March 31, 2019, and approximately 94.4% to 104.3% of the carrying value of $992.6 million at December 31, 2018. This is considered a Level 2 valuation technique.
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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
13. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Operating Partnership
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership represents the limited partners’ proportionate share of equity and their allocable share of equity in earnings/losses of Braemar OP, which is an allocation of net income/loss attributable to the common unitholders based on the weighted average ownership percentage of these limited partners’ common units of limited partnership interest in the operating partnership (the “common units”) and units issued under our Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “LTIP units that are vested. Each common unit may be redeemed, by the holder, for either cash or, at our sole discretion, up to one share of our REIT common stock, which is either: (i) issued pursuant to an effective registration statement; (ii) included in an effective registration statement providing for the resale of such common stock; or (iii) issued subject to a registration rights agreement.
LTIP units, which are issued to certain executives and employees of Ashford LLC as compensation, generally have vesting periods of three years. Additionally, certain independent members of the board of directors have elected to receive LTIP units as part of their compensation, which are fully vested upon grant. Upon reaching economic parity with common units, each vested LTIP unit can be converted by the holder into one common unit which can then be redeemed for cash or, at our election, settled in our common stock. An LTIP unit will achieve parity with the common units upon the sale or deemed sale of all or substantially all of the assets of our operating partnership at a time when our stock is trading at a level in excess of the price it was trading on the date of the LTIP issuance. More specifically, LTIP units will achieve full economic parity with common units in connection with (i) the actual sale of all or substantially all of the assets of our operating partnership or (ii) the hypothetical sale of such assets, which results from a capital account revaluation, as defined in the partnership agreement, for our operating partnership.
The compensation committee of the board of directors of the Company approves the issuance of Performance LTIP units to certain executive officers and directors from time to time. The award agreements provide for the grant of a target number of Performance LTIP units that will be settled in common units of Braemar OP, if and when the applicable vesting criteria have been achieved following the end of the performance and service period, which is generally three years from the grant date. The number of Performance LTIP units actually earned may range from 0% to 200% of target based on achievement of a specified relative total stockholder return based on the formula determined by the Company’s compensation committee on the grant date. As of March 31, 2019, there were approximately 552,000 Performance LTIP units, representing 200% of the target, outstanding. The performance criteria for the Performance LTIP units are based on market conditions under the relevant literature, and the Performance LTIP units were granted to non-employees. Following the adoption of ASU 2018-07, the corresponding compensation cost is recognized ratably over the service period for the award as the service is rendered, based on the grant date fair value of the award, regardless of the actual outcome of the market condition as opposed to being accounted for at fair value based on the market price of the shares at each quarterly measurement date.
As of March 31, 2019, we have issued a total of 2.0 million LTIP units (including Performance LTIP units), net of cancellations, all of which, other than approximately 86,000 LTIP units and 60,000 Performance LTIP units issued from March 2015 to February 2019 had reached full economic parity with, and are convertible into, common units.
The following table presents compensation expense for Performance LTIP units and LTIP units (in thousands):

|  |  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
Type |  | Line Item |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Performance LTIP units |  | Advisory services fee |  | $ | 257 |  |  | $ | 8 |
LTIP units |  | Advisory services fee |  | 293 |  |  | 136 |
|  |  |  | $ | 550 |  |  | $ | 144 |

The unamortized cost of the unvested Performance LTIP units of $1.9 million at March 31, 2019, will be expensed over a period of 2.8 years with a weighted average period of 1.4 years.
The unamortized cost of the unvested LTIP units of $2.6 million at March 31, 2019, will be amortized over a period of 2.9 years with a weighted average period of 1.9 years.
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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
The following table presents the common units redeemed and the fair value upon redemption (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31,
Line Item |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Common units converted to stock |  | 110 |  |  | — |
Fair value of common units converted |  | $ | 1,434 |  |  | $ | — |

The following table presents the redeemable noncontrolling interests in Braemar OP (in thousands) and the corresponding approximate ownership percentage of our operating partnership:

| March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in Braemar OP | $ | 51,010 |  |  | $ | 44,885 |
Adjustments to redeemable noncontrolling interests (1) | $ | 7,958 |  |  | $ | 23 |
Ownership percentage of operating partnership | 11.12 | % |  | 11.22 | %

____________________________________

(1) | Reflects the excess of the redemption value over the accumulated historical cost.

We allocated net income (loss) to the redeemable noncontrolling interests and declared aggregate cash distributions to the holders of common units and holders of LTIP units, which are recorded as a reduction of redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership, as illustrated in the table below (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership | $ | 440 |  |  | $ | (292 | )
Aggregate distributions to holders of common units, LTIP units and performance LTIP units | 778 |  |  | 822 |

14. Equity and Stock-Based Compensation
Common Stock Dividends—The following table summarizes the common stock dividends declared during the period (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Common stock dividends declared | $ | 5,329 |  |  | $ | 5,275 |

Performance Stock Units—The compensation committee of the board of directors of the Company approves the issuance of grants of PSUs to certain executive officers and directors from time to time. The award agreements provide for the grant of a target number of PSUs that will be settled in shares of common stock of the Company, if and when the applicable vesting criteria have been achieved following the end of the performance and service period, which is generally three years from the grant date. The number of PSUs actually earned may range from 0% to 200% of target based on achievement of a specified relative total stockholder return based on the formula determined by the Company’s compensation committee on the grant date. The performance criteria for the PSUs are based on market conditions under the relevant literature, and the PSUs were granted to non-employees. Following the adoption of ASU 2018-07, the corresponding compensation cost is recognized ratably over the service period for the award as the service is rendered, based on the grant date fair value of the award, regardless of the actual outcome of the market condition as opposed to being accounted for at fair value based on the market price of the shares at each quarterly measurement date.
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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
The following table summarizes the compensation expense for PSUs (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31,
Line Item |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Advisory services fee |  | $ | 410 |  |  | $ | 1,577 |

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, approximately $1.6 million of the compensation expense was related to the accelerated vesting of PSUs granted to one of our executive officers upon his death, in accordance with the terms of the awards.
As of March 31, 2019, we had unamortized compensation expense of $6.1 million related to PSUs which is expected to be recognized over a period of 2.8 years with a weighted average period of 2.1 years.
Restricted Stock Units—We incur stock-based compensation expense in connection with restricted stock units awarded to employees of Ashford LLC, included in “advisory services fee,” on our condensed consolidated statements of operations, employees of Remington Lodging, which is included in “management fees” on our condensed consolidated statements of operations and employees of Premier Project Management LLC (“Premier”), which is included in “corporate general and administrative” expense on our condensed consolidated statements of operations. We also issue common stock to our independent directors, which immediately vests, and is included in “corporate general and administrative” expense on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
At March 31, 2019, the unamortized cost of the unvested shares of restricted stock was $6.4 million, which will be expensed over a period of 2.9 years with a weighted average period of 2.4 years, and have vesting dates between April 2020 and February 2022.
The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock units (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31,
Line Item |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Advisory services fee |  | $ | 510 |  |  | $ | 825 |
Management fees |  | 39 |  |  | 47 |
Corporate general and administrative - Premier |  | 19 |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 568 |  |  | $ | 872 |

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, approximately $640,000 of the compensation expense was related to the accelerated vesting of equity awards granted to one of our executive officers upon his death, in accordance with the terms of the awards.
8.25% Series D Cumulative Preferred Stock Dividends—The Series D Cumulative Preferred Stock dividend for all issued and outstanding shares is set at $2.0625 per annum per share.
The following table summarizes dividends declared (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Series D Cumulative Preferred Stock | $ | 825 |  |  | $ | — |

Stock Repurchases—On December 5, 2017, our board of directors reapproved the stock repurchase program pursuant to which the board of directors granted a repurchase authorization to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share having an aggregate value of up to $50 million. The board of directors’ authorization replaced any previous repurchase authorizations.
No shares were repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, pursuant to this authorization. As of March 31, 2019, we have purchased a cumulative 4.3 million shares of our common stock, for approximately $63.2 million, since the program’s inception on November 4, 2014.
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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
At-the-Market Equity Distribution Program—On December 11, 2017, the Company established an “at-the-market” equity distribution program pursuant to which it may, from time to time, sell shares of its Common Stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $50 million. As of March 31, 2019, no shares of our common stock have been sold under this program.
Noncontrolling Interest in Consolidated Entities—A partner had noncontrolling ownership interests of 25% in two hotel properties with a total carrying value of $(5.3) million and $(5.4) million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
The following table summarizes the (income) loss allocated to noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018
(Income) loss from consolidated entities attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | $ | (99 | ) |  | $ | 42 |

15. 5.5% Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock
Each share of our 5.5% Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series B Convertible Preferred Stock”) is convertible at any time, at the option of the holder, into a number of whole shares of common stock at an initial conversion price of $18.90 (which represents an initial conversion rate of 1.3228 shares of our common stock, subject to certain adjustments). The Series B Convertible Preferred Stock is also subject to conversion upon certain events constituting a change of control. Holders of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock have no voting rights, subject to certain exceptions.
The Company may, at its option, cause the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock to be converted in whole or in part, on a pro-rata basis, into fully paid and nonassessable shares of the Company’s common stock at the conversion price, provided that the “Closing Bid Price” (as defined in the Articles Supplementary) of the Company’s common stock shall have equaled or exceeded 110% of the conversion price for the immediately preceding 45 consecutive trading days ending three days prior to the date of notice of conversion. In the event of such mandatory conversion, the Company shall pay holders of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock any additional dividend payment to make the holder whole on dividends expected to be received through June 11, 2019, in an amount equal to the net present value, where the discount rate is the dividend rate on the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, of the difference between (i) the annual dividend payments the holders of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock would have received in cash from the date of the mandatory conversion to June 11, 2019, and (ii) the common stock quarterly dividend payments the holders of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock would have received over the same time period had such holders held common stock.
Additionally, the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock contains cash redemption features that consist of: 1) an optional redemption in which on or after June 11, 2020, the Company may redeem shares of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, for cash at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus any accumulated, accrued and unpaid dividends; 2) a special optional redemption, in which on or prior to the occurrence of a Change of Control (as defined), the Company may redeem shares of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, for cash at a redemption price of $25.00 per share plus a make-whole premium equal to the present value, computed using a discount rate of 5.5% per annum compounded quarterly, of all dividend payments on the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock for all remaining dividend periods (excluding any accumulated dividend amount) from the date of such exercise up to but excluding June 11, 2019; and 3) a REIT Termination Event and Listing Event Redemption, in which at any time (i) a REIT Termination Event (defined below) occurs or (ii) the Company’s common stock fails to be listed on the NYSE, NYSE American, or NASDAQ, or listed or quoted on an exchange or quotation system that is a successor thereto (each a “National Exchange”), the holder of Series B Cumulative Preferred Stock shall have the right to require the Company to redeem any or all shares of Series B Cumulative Preferred Stock at 103% of the liquidation preference ($25.00 per share, plus any accumulated, accrued, and unpaid dividends) in cash.
A REIT Termination Event, shall mean the earliest of:

(i) | filing of income tax return where the Company does not compute its income as a REIT;

(ii) | stockholders’ approval on ceasing to be qualified as a REIT;

(iii) | board of directors’ approval on ceasing to be qualified as a REIT;

(iv) | board’s determination based on advise of the counsel to cease to be qualified as a REIT; or

(v) | determination within the meaning of Section 1313(a) of IRC to cease to be qualified as a REIT.

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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
At March 31, 2019, we had 5.0 million outstanding shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock that do not meet the requirements for permanent equity classification prescribed by the authoritative guidance because of certain cash redemption features that are outside our control. As such, the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock is classified outside of permanent equity.
The Series B Convertible Preferred Stock dividend for all issued and outstanding shares is set at $1.375 per annum per share.
The following table summarizes dividends declared (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock | $ | 1,707 |  |  | $ | 1,707 |

16. Commitments and Contingencies
Restricted Cash—Under certain management and debt agreements for our hotel properties existing at March 31, 2019, escrow payments are required for insurance, real estate taxes and debt service. In addition, for certain properties based on the terms of the underlying debt and management agreements, we escrow 4% to 5% of gross revenues for capital improvements.
Management Fees—Under property management agreements for our hotel properties existing at March 31, 2019, we pay a monthly property management fee equal to the greater of $14,000 (increased annually based on consumer price index adjustments) or 3% of gross revenues, or in some cases 2% to 7% of gross revenues, as well as annual incentive management fees, if applicable. These management agreements expire from December 2019 through December 2065, with renewal options. If we terminate a management agreement prior to its expiration, we may be liable for estimated management fees through the remaining term, liquidated damages or, in certain circumstances, we may substitute a new management agreement.
Income Taxes—We and our subsidiaries file income tax returns in the federal jurisdiction and various states. Tax years 2014 through 2018 remain subject to potential examination by certain federal and state taxing authorities.
Litigation—We are engaged in various legal proceedings which have arisen but have not been fully adjudicated. The likelihood of loss from these legal proceedings, based on definitions within contingency accounting literature, ranges from remote to reasonably possible and to probable. Based on estimates of the range of potential losses associated with these matters, management does not believe the ultimate resolution of these proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations. However, the final results of legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty and if we fail to prevail in one or more of these legal matters, and the associated realized losses exceed our current estimates of the range of potential losses, our consolidated financial position or results of operations could be materially adversely affected in future periods.
17. Segment Reporting
We operate in one business segment within the hotel lodging industry: direct hotel investments. Direct hotel investments refers to owning hotel properties through either acquisition or new development. We report operating results of direct hotel investments on an aggregate basis as substantially all of our hotel investments have similar economic characteristics and exhibit similar long-term financial performance. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, all of our hotel properties were in the U.S. and its territories.
18. Related Party Transactions
Ashford Inc.
Advisory Agreement
Ashford LLC, a subsidiary of Ashford Inc., acts as our advisor. Our Chairman Mr. Monty J. Bennett, also serves as Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer of Ashford Inc. Under our advisory agreement, we pay advisory fees to Ashford LLC. Through December 31, 2018, we were required to pay Ashford LLC a monthly base fee that is 1/12th the sum of (i) 0.70% of our total market capitalization for the prior month plus the Key Money Asset Management Fee (as defined in our advisory agreement), subject to a minimum monthly base fee, as payment for managing our day-to-day operations in accordance with our investment guidelines. Total market capitalization included the aggregate principal amount of our consolidated indebtedness (including our proportionate share of debt of any entity that is not consolidated but excluding our joint venture partners’ proportionate share of consolidated debt).
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BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
On January 15, 2019, the Company entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Fifth Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement with Ashford Inc.(“Amendment No. 1”). Amendment No. 1 revised the formula for calculating the base fee to be equal to 1/12 th of the sum of (i) 0.70% of the total market capitalization of our company for the prior month, plus (ii) the Net Asset Fee Adjustment (as defined), if any, on the last day of the prior month during which our advisory agreement was in effect; provided, however in no event shall the base fee for any month be less than the minimum base fee as provided by our advisory agreement. The base fee is payable on the 5 th business day of each month.
The minimum base fee for Braemar for each month will be equal to the greater of:

(i) | 90% of the base fee paid for the same month in the prior year; and

(ii) | 1/12 th of the G&A Ratio (as defined) multiplied by the total market capitalization of Braemar.

We are also required to pay Ashford LLC an incentive fee that is measured annually (or for a stub period if the advisory agreement is terminated at other than year-end). Each year that our annual total stockholder return exceeded the average annual total stockholder return for our peer group we would pay Ashford LLC an incentive fee over the following three years, subject to the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (“FCCR”) Condition, as defined in the advisory agreement, which relates to the ratio of adjusted EBITDA to fixed charges. We also reimburse Ashford LLC for certain reimbursable overhead and internal audit, risk management advisory and asset management services, as specified in the advisory agreement. We also recorded equity-based compensation expense for equity grants of common stock and LTIP units awarded to officers and employees of Ashford LLC in connection with providing advisory services.
The following table summarizes the advisory services fees incurred (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Advisory services fee |  |  |
Base advisory fee | $ | 2,660 |  |  | $ | 2,107 |
Reimbursable expenses (1) | 580 |  |  | 420 |
Equity-based compensation (2) | 1,470 |  |  | 2,547 |
Incentive fee | 1,314 |  |  | 170 |
Total | $ | 6,024 |  |  | $ | 5,244 |

________

(1) | Reimbursable expenses include overhead, internal audit, risk management advisory and asset management services.

(2) | Equity-based compensation is associated with equity grants of Braemar’s common stock, PSUs, LTIP units and Performance LTIP units awarded to officers and employees of Ashford LLC.

In accordance with our advisory agreement, our advisor, or entities in which our advisor has an interest, have a right to provide products or services to us or our hotel properties, provided such transactions are evaluated and approved by our independent directors. The following tables summarize the entities in which our advisor has an interest with which we or our hotel properties contracted for products and services, the amounts recorded by us for those services and the applicable classification on our condensed consolidated financial statements (in thousands):

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Company |  | Product or Service | Total | Investments in Hotel Properties, net (1) |  | Indebtedness, net (2) |  | Other Hotel Revenue |  | Other Hotel Expenses |  | Advisory Services Fee |  | Corporate General and Administrative
Ashford LLC |  | Insurance claims services | $ | 30 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 30 |
J&S |  | Audio visual commissions | 79 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 79 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Lismore Capital |  | Mortgage placement services | 275 |  | — |  |  | (275 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
OpenKey |  | Mobile key app | 5 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Premier |  | Project management services | 3,553 |  | 3,441 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 112 |  |  | — |
Pure Wellness |  | Hypoallergenic premium rooms | 29 |  | 17 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
RED Leisure |  | Watersports activities and travel/transportation services | 180 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 180 |  |  | — |  |  | — |

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
________

(1) | Recorded in furniture, fixtures and equipment and depreciated over the estimated useful life.

(2) | Recorded as deferred loan costs, which are included in “indebtedness, net” on our consolidated balance sheets and amortized over the initial term of the applicable loan agreement.

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
Company |  | Product or Service | Total |  | Other Hotel Expenses |  | Corporate General and Administrative
Ashford LLC |  | Insurance claims services | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 38 |
OpenKey |  | Mobile key app | 8 |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |
Pure Wellness |  | Hypoallergenic premium rooms | 9 |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |
RED Leisure |  | Watersports activities and travel/transportation services | 180 |  |  | 180 |  |  | — |

________

(1) | Recorded in furniture, fixtures and equipment and depreciated over the estimated useful life.

(2) | Recorded as deferred loan costs, which are included in “indebtedness, net” on our consolidated balance sheets and amortized over the initial term of the applicable loan agreement.

The following table summarizes the due to Ashford Inc. (in thousands):

|  |  |  | Due to Ashford Inc.
Company |  | Product or Service |  | March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Ashford LLC |  | Advisory services |  | $ | 2,940 |  |  | $ | 2,264 |
Ashford LLC |  | Insurance claims services |  | 30 |  |  | 37 |
J&S |  | Audio visual services |  | 44 |  |  | — |
OpenKey |  | Mobile key app |  | 12 |  |  | 13 |
Premier |  | Project management services |  | 2,071 |  |  | 1,657 |
Pure Wellness |  | Hypoallergenic premium rooms |  | 17 |  |  | 30 |
|  |  |  | $ | 5,114 |  |  | $ | 4,001 |

In 2015, $2.0 million of key money consideration was invested in furniture, fixtures and equipment by Ashford Inc. to be used by Braemar, which represented all of the key money consideration for the Bardessono Hotel. Upon adoption of ASC 842, we evaluated this arrangement, which is accounted for as a lease that will expire in 2020. Under the applicable accounting guidance in ASC 842, as the related party lease is provided rent-free, there is no economic substance related to the lease which results in not recording an operating lease right-of-use asset, an operating lease liability or lease expense.
Enhanced Return Funding Program
Concurrent with the Amendment No. 1, on January 15, 2019, the Company also entered into the Enhanced Return Funding Program Agreement (the “ERFP Agreement”) with Ashford Inc. The “key money investments” concept previously contemplated by our advisory agreement was replaced in the ERFP Agreement. The Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement was also amended to name Ashford Inc. and its subsidiaries as the Company’s sole and exclusive provider of asset management, project management and other services offered by Ashford Inc. or any of its subsidiaries. The independent members of our board of directors and the independent members of the board of directors of Ashford Inc., with the assistance of separate and independent legal counsel, engaged to negotiate the ERFP Agreement on behalf of Ashford Inc. and Braemar, respectively.
The ERFP Agreement generally provides that Ashford LLC will provide funding to facilitate the acquisition of properties by Braemar OP that are recommended by Ashford LLC, in an aggregate amount of up to $50 million (subject to increase to up to $100 million by mutual agreement). Each funding will equal 10% of the property acquisition price and will be made either at the time of the property acquisition or at any time generally within the two-year period following the date of such acquisition, in exchange for FF&E for use at the acquired property or any other property owned by Braemar OP.
The initial term of the ERFP Agreement is two years (the “Initial Term”), unless earlier terminated pursuant to the terms of the ERFP Agreement. At the end of the Initial Term, the ERFP Agreement shall automatically renew for successive one-year periods (each such period a “Renewal Term”) unless either Ashford Inc. or Braemar provides written notice to the other at least sixty days in advance of the expiration of the Initial Term or Renewal Term, as applicable, that such notifying party intends not to renew the
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)
ERFP Agreement. As a result of the Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe acquisition, Braemar is entitled to receive $10.3 million from Ashford LLC in the form of future purchases of FF&E at Braemar hotel properties that will be leased to us by Ashford LLC rent free.
Project Management Agreement
In connection with Ashford Inc.’s August 8, 2018 acquisition of Remington Lodging’s project management business, we entered into a project management agreement with Ashford Inc.’s indirect subsidiary, Premier Project Management LLC (“Premier”), pursuant to which Premier provides project management services to our hotels, including construction management, interior design, architectural services, and the purchasing, freight management, and supervision of installation of FF&E and related services. Pursuant to the project management agreement, we pay Premier: (a) project management fees of up to 4% of project costs; and (b) for the following services as follows: (i) architectural (6.5% of total construction costs); (ii) construction management for projects without a general contractor (10% of total construction costs); (iii) interior design (6% of the purchase price of the FF&E designed or selected by Premier); and (iv) FF&E purchasing (8% of the purchase price of FF&E purchased by Premier; provided that if the purchase price exceeds $2.0 million for a single hotel in a calendar year, then the purchasing fee is reduced to 6% of the FF&E purchase price in excess of $2.0 million for such hotel in such calendar year).
Remington Lodging
On August 8, 2018, Ashford Inc. completed the acquisition of Premier As a result of Ashford Inc.’s acquisition, the project management services are no longer provided by Remington Lodging. Remington Lodging continues to provide property management services to the Company with respect to three of our hotel properties. will now be provided by a subsidiary of Ashford Inc. under the respective project management agreement with each customer, including Ashford Trust and Braemar.
At March 31, 2019, Remington Lodging managed three of our thirteen hotel properties and we incurred the following fees related to the management agreements with the related party (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Property management fees, including incentive property management fees | $ | 409 |  |  | $ | 438 |
Market service and project management fees | — |  |  | 1,369 |
Corporate general and administrative expenses | 87 |  |  | 82 |
Total | $ | 496 |  |  | $ | 1,889 |

Certain employees of Remington Lodging, who perform work on behalf of Braemar, were granted shares of restricted stock under the Braemar Stock Plan. These share grants were accounted for under the applicable accounting guidance related to share-based payments granted to non-employees and are recorded as a component of “management fees” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, expense related to such grants was $39,000 and $47,000, respectively. The unamortized compensation expense of these grants was $461,000 as of March 31, 2019, which will be amortized over a period of 2.9 years.
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ITEM 2.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, unless the context otherwise indicates, the references to “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company” or “Braemar” refer to Braemar Hotels & Resorts Inc., a Maryland corporation, and, as the context may require, its consolidated subsidiaries, including Braemar Hospitality Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership, which we refer to as “our operating partnership” or “Braemar OP.” “Ashford Trust” refers to Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation, and, as the context may require, its consolidated subsidiaries, including Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership and Ashford Trust’s operating partnership, which we refer to as “Ashford Trust OP.” “Ashford Inc.” refers to Ashford Inc., a Maryland corporation and, as the context may require, its consolidated subsidiaries. “Ashford LLC” or our “advisor” refers to Ashford Hospitality Advisors LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a subsidiary of Ashford Inc. and “Premier” refers to Premier Project Management LLC, a Maryland limited liability company and a subsidiary of Ashford LLC. “Remington Lodging” refers to Remington Lodging & Hospitality, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, which (together with its affiliates) is a property management company owned by Mr. Monty J. Bennett, chairman of our board of directors, and his father, Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr., chairman emeritus of Ashford Trust. “Our TRSs” refers to our taxable REIT subsidiaries, including Braemar TRS Corporation, a Delaware corporation, which we refer to as “Braemar TRS,” and its subsidiaries, together with the two taxable REIT subsidiaries that lease our two hotels held in a consolidated joint venture and are wholly-owned by the joint venture and the U.S. Virgin Islands’ (“USVI”) taxable REIT subsidiary that owns the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas hotel.
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Form 10-Q”) contains registered trademarks that are the exclusive property of their respective owners, which are companies other than us, including Marriott International®, Hilton Worldwide®, Sofitel®, Hyatt® and Accor®.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Throughout this Form 10-Q, we make forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements are generally identifiable by use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “potential,” “intend,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “approximately,” “believe,” “could,” “project,” “predict,” or other similar words or expressions. Additionally, statements regarding the following subjects are forward-looking by their nature:

• | our business and investment strategy;

• | our projected operating results and dividend rates;

• | our ability to obtain future financing arrangements;

• | our understanding of our competition;

• | market trends;

• | projected capital expenditures;

• | anticipated acquisitions or dispositions; and

• | the impact of technology on our operations and business.

Such forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future performance taking into account all information currently known to us. These beliefs, assumptions, and expectations can change as a result of many potential events and factors, not all of which are known to us. If a change occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, plans, and other objectives may vary materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements. You should carefully consider this risk when you make an investment decision concerning our securities. Additionally, the following factors could cause actual results to vary from our forward-looking statements:

• | the factors discussed in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, as originally filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 8, 2019 (the “ 2018 10-K”), including those set forth under the sections entitled “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Business,” and “Properties;”

• | general and economic business conditions affecting the lodging and travel industry;

• | general volatility of the capital markets and the market price of our common and preferred stock;

• | changes in our business or investment strategy;

• | availability, terms and deployment of capital;

• | unanticipated increases in financing and other costs, including a rise in interest rates;

• | availability of qualified personnel to our advisor;

• | changes in our industry and the market in which we operate, interest rates, or local economic conditions;

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• | the degree and nature of our competition;

• | actual and potential conflicts of interest with Ashford Trust, Ashford LLC, Ashford Inc., Remington Lodging, our executive officers and our non-independent directors;

• | changes in personnel of Ashford LLC or the lack of availability of qualified personnel;

• | changes in governmental regulations, accounting rules, tax rates and similar matters;

• | legislative and regulatory changes, including changes to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) and related rules, regulations and interpretations governing the taxation of real estate investment trusts (“REITs”); and

• | limitations imposed on our business and our ability to satisfy complex rules in order for us to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

When considering forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the matters summarized under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part I of our 2018 10-K, and the discussion in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, could cause our actual results and performance to differ significantly from those contained in our forward-looking statements. Accordingly, we cannot guarantee future results or performance. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any of these forward-looking statements, which reflect our views as of the date of this Form 10-Q. Furthermore, we do not intend to update any of our forward-looking statements after the date of this Form 10-Q to conform these statements to actual results and performance, except as may be required by applicable law.
Overview
We are a Maryland corporation formed in April 2013. We became a public company on November 19, 2013 when Ashford Trust, a NYSE-listed REIT, completed the spin-off of our company through the distribution of our outstanding common stock to the Ashford Trust stockholders. We invest primarily in high revenue per available room (“RevPAR”), luxury hotels and resorts. High RevPAR, for purposes of our investment strategy, means RevPAR of at least twice the then-current U.S. national average RevPAR for all hotels as determined by Smith Travel Research. Two times the U.S. national average was $172 for the year ended December 31, 2018. We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code beginning with our short taxable year ended December 31, 2013. We conduct our business and own substantially all of our assets through our operating partnership, Braemar OP.
We operate in the direct hotel investment segment of the hotel lodging industry. As of March 31, 2019, we owned interests in thirteen hotel properties in six states, the District of Columbia and St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands with 3,719 total rooms, or 3,484 net rooms, excluding those attributable to our joint venture partner. The hotel properties in our current portfolio are predominantly located in U.S. urban markets and resort locations with favorable growth characteristics resulting from multiple demand generators. We own eleven of our hotel properties directly, and the remaining two hotel properties through an investment in a majority-owned consolidated entity.
We are advised by Ashford LLC, a subsidiary of Ashford Inc., through an advisory agreement. All of the hotel properties in our portfolio are currently asset-managed by Ashford LLC. We do not have any employees. All of the services that might be provided by employees are provided to us by Ashford LLC.
We do not operate any of our hotel properties directly; instead we employ hotel management companies to operate them for us under management contracts. As of March 31, 2019, Remington Lodging & Hospitality, LLC, together with its affiliates (“Remington Lodging”), which is beneficially wholly-owned by Mr. Monty J. Bennett, Chairman of our board of directors, and Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr., Chairman Emeritus of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. (“Ashford Trust”), managed three of our thirteen hotel properties. Third-party management companies managed the remaining hotel properties.
Ashford Inc. also provides other products and services to us or our hotel properties through certain entities in which Ashford Inc. has an ownership interest. These products and services include project management services, mortgage placement services, real estate advisory services, watersports activities, travel/transportation services and mobile key technology. Mr. Monty J. Bennett is chairman and chief executive officer of Ashford Inc. and, together with Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr., as of March 31, 2019, owned approximately 313,850 shares of Ashford Inc. common stock, which represented an approximate 12.7% ownership interest in Ashford Inc., and owned 7,520,000 shares of Ashford Inc. Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series B Convertible Preferred Stock”), which is exercisable (at an exercise price of $140 per share) into an additional approximate 1,342,857 shares of Ashford Inc. common stock, which if exercised as of March 31, 2019 would have increased the Bennett’s ownership interest in Ashford Inc. to 43.4%.
Pursuant to the provisions of the Fifth Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement, as amended on January 15, 2019, the revenues and expenses used to calculate Net Earnings (as defined) for the twelve months ended March 31, 2019, are as follows (in thousands):
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Revenues | $ | 27,976 |
Expenses | (9,078 | )
Net Earnings | $ | 18,898 |

Additional Developments
On January 15, 2019, the Company acquired a 100% interest in the 170-room Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe located in Truckee, California for $120.0 million. The Company incurred $582,000 in acquisition costs. In connection with the acquisition the Company completed the financing of a $54.0 million mortgage loan secured by the Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe. The loan is interest-only, bears interest at LIBOR + 2.10%, and has a five year term.
In conjunction with the transaction, the Company entered into the Enhanced Return Funding Program Agreement and Amendment No. 1 to the Fifth Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement (the “ERFP Agreement”) with Ashford Inc. The Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement was also amended to name Ashford Inc. and its subsidiaries as the Company’s sole and exclusive provider of asset management, project management and other services offered by Ashford Inc. or any of its subsidiaries. The independent members of our board of directors and the independent members of the board of directors of Ashford Inc., with the assistance of separate and independent legal counsel, engaged to negotiate the ERFP Agreement on behalf of Ashford Inc. and Braemar, respectively.
The ERFP Agreement generally provides that Ashford LLC will provide funding to facilitate the acquisition of properties by Braemar OP that are recommended by Ashford LLC, in an aggregate amount of up to $50 million (subject to increase to up to $100 million by mutual agreement). Each funding will equal 10% of the property acquisition price and will be made either at the time of the property acquisition or at any time generally within the two-year period following the date of such acquisition, in exchange for FF&E for use at the acquired property or any other property owned by Braemar OP.
The initial term of the ERFP Agreement is two years (the “Initial Term”), unless earlier terminated pursuant to the terms of the ERFP Agreement. At the end of the Initial Term, the ERFP Agreement shall automatically renew for successive one-year periods (each such period a “Renewal Term”) unless either Ashford Inc. or Braemar provides written notice to the other at least sixty days in advance of the expiration of the Initial Term or Renewal Term, as applicable, that such notifying party intends not to renew the ERFP Agreement. As a result of the Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe acquisition, Braemar is entitled to receive $10.3 million from Ashford LLC in the form of future purchases of hotel FF&E at Braemar hotel properties that will be leased to us by Ashford LLC rent free.
On January 22, 2019, the Company refinanced its existing mortgage loan of approximately $186.8 million with a final maturity date in November 2021 with a new $195.0 million mortgage loan that is interest only, bears interest at a rate of LIBOR + 1.70% and has a five year term. The mortgage loan is secured by the same two hotels: the Capital Hilton and Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines. These two hotels are held in a joint venture in which we have a 75% equity interest.
On February 6, 2019, we invested an additional $156,000 in OpenKey, which investment was approved by the independent members of our board of directors.
Key Indicators of Operating Performance
We use a variety of operating and other information to evaluate the operating performance of our business. These key indicators include financial information that is prepared in accordance with GAAP as well as other financial measures that are non-GAAP measures. In addition, we use other information that may not be financial in nature, including statistical information and comparative data. We use this information to measure the operating performance of our individual hotels, groups of hotels and/or business as a whole. We also use these metrics to evaluate the hotels in our portfolio and potential acquisitions to determine each hotel’s contribution to cash flow and its potential to provide attractive long-term total returns. These key indicators include:

• | Occupancy-Occupancy means the total number of hotel rooms sold in a given period divided by the total number of rooms available. Occupancy measures the utilization of our hotels’ available capacity. We use occupancy to measure demand at a specific hotel or group of hotels in a given period.

• | ADR-ADR means average daily rate and is calculated by dividing total hotel rooms revenues by total number of rooms sold in a given period. ADR measures average room price attained by a hotel and ADR trends provide useful information concerning the pricing environment and the nature of the customer base of a hotel or group of hotels. We use ADR to assess the pricing levels that we are able to generate.

• | RevPAR-RevPAR means revenue per available room and is calculated by multiplying ADR by the average daily occupancy. RevPAR is one of the commonly used measures within the hotel industry to evaluate hotel operations. RevPAR does not include revenues from food and beverage sales or parking, telephone or other non-rooms revenues generated by the property. Although RevPAR does not include these ancillary revenues, it is generally considered the leading indicator of

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core revenues for many hotels. We also use RevPAR to compare the results of our hotels between periods and to analyze results of our comparable hotels (comparable hotels represent hotels we have owned for the entire period). RevPAR improvements attributable to increases in occupancy are generally accompanied by increases in most categories of variable operating costs. RevPAR improvements attributable to increases in ADR are generally accompanied by increases in limited categories of operating costs, such as management fees and franchise fees.
RevPAR changes that are primarily driven by changes in occupancy have different implications for overall revenues and profitability than changes that are driven primarily by changes in ADR. For example, an increase in occupancy at a hotel would lead to additional variable operating costs (including housekeeping services, utilities and room supplies) and could also result in increased other operating department revenue and expense. Changes in ADR typically have a greater impact on operating margins and profitability as they do not have a substantial effect on variable operating costs.
Occupancy, ADR and RevPAR are commonly used measures within the lodging industry to evaluate operating performance. RevPAR is an important statistic for monitoring operating performance at the individual hotel level and across our entire business. We evaluate individual hotel RevPAR performance on an absolute basis with comparisons to budget and prior periods, as well as on a regional and company-wide basis. ADR and RevPAR include only rooms revenue. Rooms revenue comprised approximately 59.7% of our total hotel revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2019, and is dictated by demand (as measured by occupancy), pricing (as measured by ADR) and our available supply of hotel rooms.
We also use funds from operations (“FFO”), Adjusted FFO, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization for real estate (“EBITDAre”) and Adjusted EBITDAre as measures of the operating performance of our business. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
The following table summarizes changes in key line items from our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands except percentages):

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Favorable (Unfavorable)
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rooms | $ | 76,731 |  |  | $ | 65,507 |  |  | $ | 11,224 |  |  | 17.1 | %
Food and beverage | 32,114 |  |  | 23,500 |  |  | 8,614 |  |  | 36.7 |
Other | 19,663 |  |  | 13,482 |  |  | 6,181 |  |  | 45.8 |
Total hotel revenue | 128,508 |  |  | 102,489 |  |  | 26,019 |  |  | 25.4 |
Other | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  |
Total revenue | 128,513 |  |  | 102,489 |  |  | 26,024 |  |  | 25.4 |
Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hotel operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rooms | 16,982 |  |  | 14,918 |  |  | (2,064 | ) |  | (13.8 | )
Food and beverage | 22,210 |  |  | 15,620 |  |  | (6,590 | ) |  | (42.2 | )
Other expenses | 38,895 |  |  | 29,664 |  |  | (9,231 | ) |  | (31.1 | )
Management fees | 4,416 |  |  | 3,617 |  |  | (799 | ) |  | (22.1 | )
Total hotel expenses | 82,503 |  |  | 63,819 |  |  | (18,684 | ) |  | (29.3 | )
Property taxes, insurance and other | 7,460 |  |  | 5,604 |  |  | (1,856 | ) |  | (33.1 | )
Depreciation and amortization | 16,686 |  |  | 13,006 |  |  | (3,680 | ) |  | (28.3 | )
Impairment charges | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 100.0 |
Advisory services fee | 6,024 |  |  | 5,244 |  |  | (780 | ) |  | (14.9 | )
Transaction costs | 634 |  |  | 488 |  |  | (146 | ) |  | (29.9 | )
Corporate general and administrative | 1,126 |  |  | 28 |  |  | (1,098 | ) |  | (3,921.4 | )
Total expenses | 114,433 |  |  | 88,201 |  |  | (26,232 | ) |  | (29.7 | )
Operating income (loss) | 14,080 |  |  | 14,288 |  |  | (208 | ) |  | (1.5 | )
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated entity | (50 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (47 | ) |  | (1,566.7 | )
Interest income | 362 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 162 |  |  | 81.0 |
Other income (expense) | (117 | ) |  | (63 | ) |  | (54 | ) |  | (85.7 | )
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs | (14,193 | ) |  | (10,179 | ) |  | (4,014 | ) |  | (39.4 | )
Write-off of loan costs and exit fees | (312 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (310 | ) |  | (15,500.0 | )
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment in Ashford Inc. | 707 |  |  | 528 |  |  | 179 |  |  | 33.9 |
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives | (872 | ) |  | 73 |  |  | (945 | ) |  | 1,294.5 |
Income (loss) before income taxes | (395 | ) |  | 4,842 |  |  | (5,237 | ) |  | (108.2 | )
Income tax (expense) benefit | (927 | ) |  | (572 | ) |  | (355 | ) |  | (62.1 | )
Net income (loss) | (1,322 | ) |  | 4,270 |  |  | (5,592 | ) |  | (131.0 | )
(Income) loss from consolidated entities attributable to noncontrolling interests | (99 | ) |  | 42 |  |  | (141 | ) |  | (335.7 | )
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership | 440 |  |  | (292 | ) |  | 732 |  |  | 250.7 |
Net income (loss) attributable to the Company | $ | (981 | ) |  | $ | 4,020 |  |  | $ | (5,001 | ) |  | (124.4 | )%

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All hotel properties owned for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 have been included in our results of operations during the respective periods in which they were owned. Based on when a hotel property was acquired or disposed of, operating results for certain hotel properties are not comparable for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. The hotel properties listed below are not comparable hotel properties for the periods indicated and all other hotel properties are considered comparable hotel properties. The following acquisitions and dispositions affect reporting comparability related to our condensed consolidated financial statements:

Hotel Properties |  | Location |  | Acquisition/Disposition |  | Acquisition/Disposition Date
Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota (1) |  | Sarasota, FL |  | Acquisition |  | April 4, 2018
Tampa Renaissance |  | Tampa, FL |  | Disposition |  | June 1, 2018
Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe (1) |  | Truckee, CA |  | Acquisition |  | January 15, 2019

________

(1) | The operating results of these hotel properties have been included in our results of operations as of their acquisition dates.

The following table illustrates the key performance indicators of all hotel properties for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Occupancy | 75.38 | % |  | 78.67 | %
ADR (average daily rate) | $ | 318.53 |  |  | $ | 266.01 |
RevPAR (revenue per available room) | $ | 240.11 |  |  | $ | 209.27 |
Rooms revenue (in thousands) | $ | 76,731 |  |  | $ | 65,507 |
Total hotel revenue (in thousands) | $ | 128,508 |  |  | $ | 102,489 |

The following table illustrates the key performance indicators of the eleven hotel properties that were included for the full three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Occupancy | 74.59 | % |  | 77.80 | %
ADR (average daily rate) | $ | 281.18 |  |  | $ | 270.03 |
RevPAR (revenue per available room) | $ | 209.75 |  |  | $ | 210.09 |
Rooms revenue (in thousands) | $ | 59,139 |  |  | $ | 60,225 |
Total hotel revenue (in thousands) | $ | 94,662 |  |  | $ | 95,149 |

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to the Company. Net income (loss) attributable to the Company changed $5.0 million, from a net income of $4.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 (the “2018 quarter”), to net loss of $981,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 (the “2019 quarter”), as a result of the factors discussed below.
Rooms Revenue. Rooms revenue in creased $11.2 million, or 17.1%, to $76.7 million during the 2019 quarter compared to the 2018 quarter. During the 2019 quarter, we experienced a 19.7% in crease in room rates and a 329 basis point decrease in occupancy compared to the 2018 quarter. Rooms revenue at our eleven comparable hotel properties de creased $1.1 million due to a 321 basis point de crease in occupancy, partially offset by an increase in room rates of 4.1%. Rooms revenue increased (i) $9.0 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota as a result of its acquisition on April 4, 2018; (ii) $8.6 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe as a result of its acquisition on January 15, 2019; (iii) $2.4 million at the San Francisco Courtyard Downtown as a result of 18.8% higher room rates and a 737 basis point increase in occupancy at the hotel as a result of its guestroom renovation during the 2018 quarter; (iv)$560,000 at the Key West Pier House as a result of a 7.8% higher room rates and a 194 basis point increase in occupancy at the hotel; and (v) $72,000 at the Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines as a result of 6.0% higher room rates, partially offset by a 398 basis point decrease in occupancy at the hotel. These increases were partially offset by decreases of (i) $5.3 million at the Tampa Renaissance as a result of its sale on June 1, 2018; (ii) $1.0 million at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas due to the hotel being closed for renovation. During the 2019 quarter the hotel operated with limited rooms until March 1, 2019 when all rooms were removed from service while the hotel is being renovated); (iii) $1.9 million at the Philadelphia Courtyard as a result of 5.4% lower room rates and a 2,188 basis point decrease in occupancy at the hotel due to a renovation during the 2019 quarter; (iv) $386,000 at the Seattle Marriott Waterfront as a result of 5.9% lower room rates and a 91 basis point decrease in occupancy at the hotel; (v)
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$253,000 at the Capital Hilton as a result of a 373 basis point decrease in occupancy, partially offset by 2.0% higher room rates at the hotel; (vi) $225,000 at the Hotel Yountville as a result of 1.9% lower room rates and a 635 basis point decrease in occupancy at the hotel; (vii) $200,000 at the Park Hyatt Beaver Creek as a result of 3.7% lower room rates, partially offset by a 137 basis point increase in occupancy at the hotel; (viii) $109,000 at the Bardessono Hotel as a result of 1.0% lower room rates and a 263 basis point decrease in occupancy at the hotel; and (ix) $96,000 at the Chicago Sofitel Magnificent Mile as a result of 8.6% lower room rates, partially offset by a 401 basis point increase in occupancy at the hotel.
Food and Beverage Revenue. Food and beverage revenue in creased $8.6 million, or 36.7%, to $32.1 million during the 2019 quarter compared to the 2018 quarter. This increase is primarily attributable to an increase in food and beverage revenue of $7.2 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota and $3.3 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe as a result of their acquisitions on April 4, 2018 and January 15, 2019, respectively. We experienced an additional aggregate increase in food and beverage revenue of $1.4 million at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas, Bardessono Hotel, Capital Hilton, San Francisco Courtyard Downtown, Seattle Marriott Waterfront, Key West Pier House, Park Hyatt Beaver Creek and Hotel Yountville. These in creases were partially offset by decreases of $1.9 million at the Tampa Renaissance due to its sale on June 1, 2018, and an aggregate decrease in food and beverage revenue of $1.3 million at the Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines, Philadelphia Courtyard, and Chicago Sofitel Magnificent Mile.
Other Hotel Revenue. Other hotel revenue, which consists mainly of condo management fees, health center fees, resort fees, golf, telecommunications, parking, rentals and business interruption revenue, in creased $6.2 million, or 45.8%, to $19.7 million during the 2019 quarter compared to the 2018 quarter. During the 2019 quarter we recognized business interruption revenue of $6.0 million at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas. During the 2018 quarter we recognized business interruption revenue of $4.9 million at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas and Key West Pier House and $1.8 million, net of deductibles of $500,000 at the Bardessono Hotel and Hotel Yountville as a result of the Napa wildfires.
The overall in crease is also attributable to an increase in other hotel revenue of $4.2 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota and $1.6 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe as a result of their acquisitions in April 2018 and January 2019, respectively. There was also an aggregate increase of $1.3 million at the Bardessono Hotel, Key West Pier House, Hotel Yountville, San Francisco Courtyard Downtown, Park Hyatt Beaver Creek, Seattle Marriott Waterfront, Capital Hilton, Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines, and Chicago Sofitel Magnificent Mile. These increases were partially offset by lower other hotel revenue of $111,000 at the Tampa Renaissance due to its sale on June 1, 2018 and an aggregate decrease of $91,000 at the Philadelphia Courtyard and Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas.
Other Non-Hotel Revenue. Other non-hotel revenue in creased $5,000, or 100%, to $5,000 in the 2019 quarter compared to the 2018 quarter.
Rooms Expense. Rooms expense in creased $2.1 million, or 13.8%, to $17.0 million in the 2019 quarter compared to the 2018 quarter. The in crease is primarily attributable to an in crease $1.9 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota and $1.5 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe as a result of their acquisitions on April 4, 2018 and January 15, 2019, respectively. We experienced an additional aggregate increase in room expense $559,000 at the San Francisco Courtyard Downtown, Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas, Park Hyatt Beaver Creek, Capital Hilton, and Key West Pier House. This in crease was partially offset by a decrease of $877,000 at the Tampa Renaissance due to its sale on June 1, 2018 and an aggregate decrease in room expense of $943,000 at the Philadelphia Courtyard, Bardessono Hotel, Hotel Yountville, Seattle Marriott Waterfront, Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines, and Chicago Sofitel Magnificent Mile.
Food and Beverage Expense. Food and beverage expense in creased $6.6 million, or 42.2%, to $22.2 million during the 2019 quarter compared to the 2018 quarter. The in crease is attributable to $4.6 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota and $2.9 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe as a result of their acquisitions on April 4, 2018 and January 15, 2019, respectively. We experienced an additional aggregate increase of $224,000 at our remaining comparable hotel properties. These in creases were partially offset by decrease of $1.2 million at the Tampa Renaissance due to its sale on June 1, 2018.
Other Operating Expenses. Other operating expenses in creased $9.2 million, or 31.1%, to $38.9 million in the 2019 quarter compared to the 2018 quarter. Hotel operating expenses consist of direct expenses from departments associated with revenue streams and indirect expenses associated with support departments and incentive management fees. We experienced an in crease of $3.0 million in direct expenses and an in crease of $6.2 million in indirect expenses and incentive management fees in the 2019 quarter compared to the 2018 quarter. Direct expenses were 4.3% of total hotel revenue for the 2019 quarter and 2.4% for the 2018 quarter. The in crease in direct expenses is primarily attributable to in creases of $2.1 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota and $838,000 at the Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe as a result of their acquisitions on April 4, 2018 and January 15, 2019, respectively. We experienced an additional aggregate increase in direct expenses of $111,000 at our eleven comparable hotel properties. These in creases were partially offset by a decrease of $56,000 at the Tampa Renaissance as a result of its sale. The in creases in indirect expenses are attributable to in creases in (i) general and administrative costs of $3.7 million, comprised of $3.2 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota and Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe as a result of their acquisitions and $1.1 million at our eleven comparable hotel
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properties, partially offset by a decrease of $613,000 at the Tampa Renaissance as a result of its sale; (ii) marketing costs of $1.3 million, attributable to an in crease of $1.9 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota and Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe as a result of their acquisitions, partially offset by a decreases of $509,000 at the Tampa Renaissance as a result of its sale and $117,000 at our eleven comparable hotel properties; (iii) repairs and maintenance of $901,000, comprised of an increase of $1.0 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota and Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe and $115,000 at our eleven comparable hotel properties, partially offset by a decrease of $221,000 at the Tampa Renaissance as a result of its sale; (iv) incentive management fees of $318,000 including $399,000 at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota and Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe and $845,000 at our eleven comparable hotel properties, partially offset by a decrease of $926,000 at the Tampa Renaissance as a result of its sale; and (v) energy costs of $107,000, attributable to an in crease of $707,000 at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota and Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe as a result of their acquisitions, partially offset by a decreases of $128,000 at the Tampa Renaissance as a result of its sale and $472,000 from our eleven comparable hotel properties. These in creases were partially offset by decreases in (i) lease expense of $141,000 comprised of a decrease of $223,000 at the Tampa Renaissance as a result of its sale, partially offset by increases of $68,000 at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota and Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe as a result of their acquisitions and $14,000 from our eleven comparable hotel properties.
Management Fees. Base management fees in creased $799,000, or 22.1%, to $4.4 million in the 2019 quarter compared to the 2018 quarter. The in crease is comprised of in creases of $979,000 at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota and Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe and $77,000 at our eleven comparable hotel properties. These in creases are partially offset by a decrease of $257,000 at the Tampa Renaissance as a result of its sale in June 2018.
Property Taxes, Insurance and Other. Property taxes, insurance and other in creased $1.9 million, or 33.1%, to $7.5 million in the 2019 quarter compared to the 2018 quarter, which is attributable to increases of $728,000 at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota and $589,000 at the Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe, as a result of their acquisitions in April 2018 and January 2019, respectively and $808,000 at our eleven comparable hotel properties. These in creases were partially offset by a decrease $269,000 at the Tampa Renaissance as a result of its sale in June 2018.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization in creased $3.7 million, or 28.3%, to $16.7 million for the 2019 quarter compared to the 2018 quarter due to an aggregate increase of $3.3 million at the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota and Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe and $1.3 million at our eleven comparable hotel properties, partially offset by a decrease of $937,000 at the Tampa Renaissance as a result of its sale in June 2018.
Impairment Charges. In the 2018 quarter we recorded an impairment charge of $12,000 at the Tampa Renaissance as a result of a change in estimate of property damage as a result of the hurricanes. There were no impairment charges in the 2019 quarter.
Advisory Services Fee. Advisory services fee in creased $780,000, or 14.9%, to $6.0 million in the 2019 quarter compared to the 2018 quarter due to in creases in incentive fees of $1.1 million, base advisory fee of $553,000, and reimbursable expenses of $160,000. These in creases were partially offset by a decrease of $1.1 million in equity-based compensation. In the 2019 quarter, we recorded an advisory services fee of $6.0 million, which included a base advisory fee of $2.7 million, reimbursable expenses of $580,000, an incentive fee of $1.3 million and $1.5 million associated with equity grants of our common stock and LTIP units awarded to the officers and employees of Ashford Inc. In the 2018 quarter, we recorded an advisory services fee of $5.2 million, which included a base advisory fee of $2.1 million, reimbursable expenses of $420,000, an incentive fee of $170,000 and $2.5 million associated with equity grants of our common stock and LTIP units awarded to the officers and employees of Ashford Inc. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, approximately $2.2 million of the equity-based compensation expense was related to the accelerated vesting of equity awards granted to one of our executive officers upon his death, in accordance with the terms of the awards.
Transaction Costs. In the 2019 quarter, we recorded transaction costs of $634,000 primarily related to the acquisition of the Ritz-Carlton Sarasota. In the 2018 quarter, we recorded transaction costs of $488,000 primarily related to the acquisitions of Ritz-Carlton Sarasota.
Corporate General and Administrative. Corporate general and administrative expenses was $1.1 million in the 2019 quarter and $28,000 in the 2018 quarter. In the 2018 quarter we recorded insurance recoveries related to the 2017 proxy contest and litigation of $1.2 million. In the 2019 quarter we did not incur any proxy contest or litigation costs. We also incurred higher public company costs of $132,000, miscellaneous expenses of $38,000 and higher equity-based compensation to employees of Premier of $19,000, partially offset by lower professional fees of $289,000 in the 2019 quarter compared to the 2018 quarter.
Equity in Earnings (Loss) of Unconsolidated Entity. In the 2019 quarter, we recorded equity in loss of unconsolidated entity of $50,000 related to our investment in OpenKey. In the 2018 quarter, we recorded equity in loss of unconsolidated entity of $3,000 related to our investment in OpenKey.
Interest Income. Interest income in creased $162,000, or 81.0%, to $362,000 for the 2019 quarter compared to the 2018 quarter.
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Other Income (Expense). Other expense increased $54,000, or 85.7% to $117,000 in the 2019 quarter compared to the 2018 quarter. In the 2019 quarter, we recorded other expense of $63,000 related to CMBX premiums and interest paid on collateral, and a realized loss of $65,000 on interest rate floors, partially offset by other income of $10,000 related to derivative interest. In the 2018 quarter, we recorded other expense of $63,000 related to CMBX premiums and interest paid on collateral.
Interest Expense and Amortization of Loan Costs. Interest expense and amortization of loan costs in creased $4.0 million, or 39.4%, to $14.2 million for the 2019 quarter compared to the 2018 quarter. The in crease is primarily due to new mortgage loans associated with the acquisitions of the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota and Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe and a higher average LIBOR rate. The average LIBOR rates for the 2019 quarter and the 2018 quarter were 2.50% and 1.65%, respectively.
Write-off of Loan Costs and Exit Fees. Write-off of loan costs and exit fees was $312,000 for the 2019 quarter, resulting from the write-off of unamortized loan costs of $281,000 and costs of $31,000 associated with the refinancing of a mortgage loan. The mortgage loan was refinanced with a $195.0 million mortgage loan due February 2024. Write-off of loan costs and exit fees were $2,000 for the 2018 quarter.
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investment in Ashford Inc. Unrealized gain on investment in Ashford Inc. increased $179,000, or 33.9%, to $707,000 in the 2019 quarter. The fair value is based on the closing market price of Ashford Inc. common stock at the end of the period.
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivatives. Unrealized loss on derivatives of $872,000 for the 2019 quarter consisted of a $798,000 unrealized loss on CMBX credit default swaps, a $71,000 unrealized loss on interest rate caps, and a $3,000 unrealized loss on interest rate floors. Unrealized gain on derivatives of $73,000 for the 2018 quarter consisted of a $105,000 unrealized gain on CMBX credit default swaps, partially offset by a $27,000 unrealized loss on interest rate floors and a $5,000 unrealized loss on interest rate caps. The fair value of the interest rate caps and floors is primarily based on movements in the LIBOR forward curve and the passage of time. The fair value of credit default swaps is based on the change in value of CMBX indices.
Income Tax (Expense) Benefit. Income tax expense increased $355,000, from $572,000 for the 2018 quarter to $927,000 for the 2019 quarter. This increase was primarily due to an increase in the profitability of our TRS entities in the 2019 quarter compared to the 2018 quarter.
(Income) Loss from Consolidated Entities Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest. Our noncontrolling interest partner in consolidated entities was allocated income of $99,000 and a loss of $42,000 for the 2019 quarter and the 2018 quarter, respectively. At both March 31, 2019 and 2018, noncontrolling interest in consolidated entities represented an ownership interest of 25% in two hotel properties held by one entity.
Net (Income) Loss Attributable to Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Operating Partnership. Noncontrolling interests in operating partnership were allocated net loss of $440,000 and a net income $292,000 for the 2019 quarter and the 2018 quarter, respectively. Redeemable noncontrolling interests represented ownership interests in Braemar OP of approximately 11.12% and 11.20% as of March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our short-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of funds necessary to pay for operating expenses and other expenditures directly associated with our hotel properties, including:

• | advisory fees payable to Ashford LLC;

• | recurring maintenance necessary to maintain our hotel properties in accordance with brand standards;

• | interest expense and scheduled principal payments on outstanding indebtedness, including our secured revolving credit facility (see “Contractual Obligations and Commitments”);

• | distributions, in the form of dividends on our common stock, necessary to qualify for taxation as a REIT;

• | dividends on preferred stock; and

• | capital expenditures to improve our hotel properties.

We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements generally through net cash provided by operations, existing cash balances and, if necessary, short-term borrowings under our secured revolving credit facility.
Our long-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of funds necessary to pay for the costs of acquiring additional hotel properties and redevelopments, renovations, expansions and other capital expenditures that need to be made periodically with respect to our hotel properties and scheduled debt payments. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements through various sources of capital, including our secured revolving credit facility and future equity and preferred equity issuances, existing working capital, net cash provided by operations, proceeds from insurance claims, hotel mortgage indebtedness and other secured
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and unsecured borrowings. However, there are a number of factors that may have a material adverse effect on our ability to access these capital sources, including the state of overall equity and credit markets, our degree of leverage, our unencumbered asset base and borrowing restrictions imposed by lenders (including as a result of any failure to comply with financial covenants in our existing and future indebtedness), general market conditions for REITs, our operating performance and liquidity and market perceptions about us. The success of our business strategy will depend, in part, on our ability to access these various capital sources. Based on our current level of operations, management believes that our cash flow from operations and our existing cash balances should be adequate to meet upcoming anticipated requirements for interest and principal payments on debt (excluding any potential final maturity principal payments), working capital, and capital expenditures for the next 12 months and dividends required to maintain our status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.
Our hotel properties will require periodic capital expenditures and renovation to remain competitive. In addition, acquisitions, redevelopments or expansions of hotel properties may require significant capital outlays. We may not be able to fund such capital improvements solely from net cash provided by operations because we must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deductions for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, to qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT, and we are subject to tax on any retained income and gains. As a result, our ability to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions or hotel redevelopment through retained earnings is very limited. Consequently, we expect to rely heavily upon the availability of debt or equity capital for these purposes. If we are unable to obtain the necessary capital on favorable terms, or at all, our financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.
Certain of our loan agreements contain cash trap provisions that may be triggered if the performance of our hotel properties decline. When these provisions are triggered, substantially all of the profit generated by the hotel properties securing such loan is deposited directly into lockbox accounts and then swept into cash management accounts for the benefit of our various lenders. This could affect our liquidity and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders until such time that a cash trap is no longer in effect for such loan.
On December 5, 2017, our board of directors reapproved the stock repurchase program pursuant to which the Board granted a repurchase authorization to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share having an aggregate value of up to $50 million. The Board’s authorization replaced any previous repurchase authorizations. No shares were repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2019, pursuant to this authorization.
On December 11, 2017, we entered into equity distribution agreements with Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and UBS Securities LLC, each acting as a sales agent (the “Equity Distribution Agreements”), as subsequently amended. Pursuant to the Equity Distribution Agreements, we may sell from time to time through the sales agents shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $50.0 million. Sales of shares of our common stock, if any, may be made in negotiated transactions or transactions that are deemed to be “at-the-market” offerings as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act, including sales made directly on the New York Stock Exchange, the existing trading market for our common stock, or sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange or through an electronic communications network. We will pay each of the sales agents a commission, which in each case shall not be more than 2.0% of the gross sales price of the shares of our common stock sold through such sales agent. As of March 31, 2019, no shares of our common stock have been sold under this program.
On January 15, 2019, in connection with the acquisition of the 170-room Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe in Truckee, California, we completed the financing of a $54 million mortgage loan secured by the Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe. The loan is interest-only, bears interest at LIBOR + 2.10%, and has a five year term.
On January 22, 2019, the Company refinanced its existing mortgage loan of approximately $186.8 million with a final maturity date in November 2021 with a new $195.0 million mortgage loan that is interest only, bears interest at a rate of LIBOR + 1.70% and has a five-year term. The mortgage loan is secured by the same two hotels: the Capital Hilton and Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines. These two hotels are held in a joint venture in which we have a 75% equity interest.
Secured Revolving Credit Facility
We have a senior secured revolving credit facility in the amount of $100 million. It includes $15 million available in letters of credit and $15 million available in swingline loans. We believe the secured revolving credit facility will provide us with significant financial flexibility to fund future acquisitions and hotel redevelopments.
The secured revolving credit facility is provided by a syndicate of financial institutions with Bank of America, N.A., serving as the administrative agent to Braemar OP, as the borrower. We and certain of our subsidiaries guarantee the secured revolving credit facility, which is secured by a pledge of 100% of the equity interests we hold in Braemar OP and 100% of the equity interest issued by any guarantor (other than Braemar) or any other subsidiary of ours that is not restricted under its loan documents or organizational documents from having its equity pledged (subject to certain exclusions), all mortgage receivables held by the borrower or any guarantor, and certain deposit accounts and securities accounts held by the borrower and any guarantor. The
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proceeds of the secured revolving credit facility may be used for working capital, capital expenditures, property acquisitions, and any other lawful purposes.
The secured revolving credit facility also contains customary terms, covenants, negative covenants, events of default, limitations and other conditions for credit facilities of this type. Subject to certain exceptions, we are subject to restrictions on incurring additional indebtedness, mergers and fundamental changes, sales or other dispositions of property, changes in the nature of our business, investments and capital expenditures.
We also are subject to certain financial covenants, as set forth below, which are tested by the borrower on a consolidated basis (net of the amounts attributable to the non-controlling interest held by our partner in a majority-owned consolidated entity) and include, but are not limited to, the following:

• | consolidated indebtedness (less cash and cash equivalents in excess of $10,000,000) to total asset value (based on property capitalization rates defined within the secured revolving credit facility agreement) not to exceed 60%. Our ratio was 58.2% at March 31, 2019.

• | consolidated recourse indebtedness other than the secured revolving credit facility not to exceed $50,000,000.

• | consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio not less than 1.40x initially, with such ratio being increased beginning October 1, 2017 to 1.50x. Our ratio was 1.77 x at March 31, 2019.

• | indebtedness of the consolidated parties that accrues interest at a variable rate (other than the secured revolving credit facility) that is not subject to a “cap,” “collar,” or other similar arrangement not to exceed 25% of consolidated indebtedness.

• | consolidated tangible net worth not less than 75% of the consolidated tangible net worth on the closing date of the secured revolving credit facility plus 75% of the net proceeds of any future equity issuances.

• | secured debt that is secured by real property not to exceed 70% of the as-is appraised value of such real property.

All financial covenants are tested and certified by the borrower on a quarterly basis. We were in compliance with all covenants at March 31, 2019.
The secured revolving credit facility includes customary events of default and the occurrence of an event of default will permit the lenders to terminate commitments to lend under the secured revolving credit facility and accelerate payment of all amounts outstanding thereunder. If a default occurs and is continuing, we will be precluded from making distributions on our shares of common stock (other than those required to allow us to qualify and maintain our status as a REIT, so long as such default does not arise from a payment default or event of insolvency).
Borrowings under the secured revolving credit facility bear interest, at our option, at either LIBOR for a designated interest period plus an applicable margin, or the base rate (as defined in the credit agreement) plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin for borrowings under the secured revolving credit facility for base rate loans range from 1.25% to 2.50% per annum and the applicable margin for borrowings under the secured revolving credit facility for LIBOR loans range from 2.25% to 3.50% per annum, depending on the ratio of consolidated indebtedness to EBITDA, with the lowest rate applying if such ratio is less than 4.0x and the highest rate applying if such ratio is greater than 6.0x.
The secured revolving credit facility matures on November 10, 2019, has two one-year extension options if certain terms and conditions are satisfied and a 0.25% extension fee is paid. The secured revolving credit facility has an accordion feature whereby the aggregate commitments may be increased up to $250 million, subject to certain terms.
We intend to repay any indebtedness incurred under our secured revolving credit facility from time to time out of net cash provided by operations and from the net proceeds of issuances of additional equity and debt securities or sale of assets, as market conditions permit.
Sources and Uses of Cash
We had approximately $73.8 million and $182.6 million of cash and cash equivalents at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
We anticipate that our principal sources of funds to meet our cash requirements will include cash on hand, positive cash flow from operations and capital market activities.
Net Cash Flows Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities. Net cash flows used in operating activities were $616,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and net cash flows provided by operating activities were $3.9 million for three months ended March 31, 2018. Cash flows from operations are impacted by changes in hotel operations of our eleven comparable hotel properties, the sale of the Tampa Renaissance on June 1, 2018 as well as the acquisitions of the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota on April 4, 2018 and the Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe on January 15, 2019. Cash flows from operations are also impacted by the timing of working
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capital cash flows such as collecting receivables from hotel guests, paying vendors, settling with derivative counterparties, settling with related parties, settling with hotel managers and timing differences between the receipt of proceeds from business interruption insurance claims and the recognition of the related revenue.
Net Cash Flows Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, net cash flows used in investing activities were $148.9 million. These cash outflows were primarily attributable to $112.1 million for the acquisition of the Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe and a $36.6 million of capital improvements made to various hotel properties. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, net cash flows used in investing activities were $22.2 million. These cash outflows were primarily attributable to a $4.5 million deposit associated with the acquisition of the Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota, a $2.0 million investment in OpenKey and $15.7 million of capital improvements made to various hotel properties.
Net Cash Flows Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, net cash flows provided by financing activities were $51.1 million. Cash inflows primarily consisted of borrowings on indebtedness of $249.0 million partially offset by $187.1 million for repayments of indebtedness, $8.0 million for payments of dividends and distributions and $2.4 million for payments of loan costs and exit fees. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, net cash flows used in financing activities were $8.4 million. Cash outflows primarily consisted of $7.5 million for payments of dividends and distributions and $714,000 for repayment of indebtedness.
Seasonality
Our properties’ operations historically have been seasonal as certain properties maintain higher occupancy rates during the summer months and some during the winter months. This seasonality pattern can cause fluctuations in our quarterly lease revenue under our percentage leases. We anticipate that our cash flows from the operations of our properties and cash on hand will be sufficient to enable us to make quarterly distributions to maintain our REIT status. To the extent that cash flows from operations and cash on hand are insufficient during any quarter due to temporary or seasonal fluctuations in lease revenue, we expect to utilize borrowings to fund distributions required to maintain our REIT status. However, we cannot make any assurances that we will make distributions in the future.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
There have been no material changes since December 31, 2018, outside of the ordinary course of business, to contractual obligations specified in the table of contractual obligations included in the section “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our 2018 10-K.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In the normal course of business, we may form or invest in partnerships or joint ventures. We evaluate each partnership and joint venture to determine whether the entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”). If the entity is determined to be a VIE we assess whether we are the primary beneficiary and need to consolidate the entity. For further discussion see note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
We have no other off-balance sheet arrangements.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our accounting policies that are critical or most important to understanding our financial condition and results of operations and that require management to make the most difficult judgments are described in the section “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our 2018 10-K. There have been no material changes in these critical accounting policies.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The following non-GAAP presentations of EBITDA, EBITDAre, Adjusted EBITDAre, Funds From Operations (“FFO”) and Adjusted FFO are presented to help our investors evaluate our operating performance.
EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) before interest expense and amortization of loan costs, depreciation and amortization, income taxes, equity in (earnings) loss of unconsolidated entity and after the Company’s portion of EBITDA of OpenKey. In addition, we excluded impairment on real estate, (gain) loss on sale of hotel properties and Company’s portion of EBITDAre of OpenKey from EBITDA to calculate EBITDA for real estate, or EBITDAre, as defined by NAREIT.
We then further adjust EBITDAre to exclude certain additional items such as amortization of favorable (unfavorable) contract assets (liabilities), transaction and management conversion costs, write-off of loan costs and exit fees, legal, advisory and settlement
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costs, advisory services incentive fee, uninsured hurricane and wildfire related costs, other/income expense, Company’s portion of adjustments to EBITDAre of OpenKey and non-cash items such as unrealized gain/loss on investments, unrealized gain/ loss on derivatives and stock/unit-based compensation.
We present EBITDA, EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre because we believe they reflect more accurately the ongoing performance of our hotel assets and other investments and provide more useful information to investors as they are indicators of our ability to meet our future debt payment requirements, working capital requirements and they provide an overall evaluation of our financial condition. EBITDA, EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre as calculated by us may not be comparable to EBITDA, EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre reported by other companies that do not define EBITDA, EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre exactly as we define the terms. EBITDA, EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre do not represent cash generated from operating activities determined in accordance with GAAP, and should not be considered as an alternative to operating income or net income determined in accordance with GAAP as an indicator of performance or as an alternative to cash flows from operating activities as determined by GAAP as an indicator of liquidity.
The following table reconciles net income (loss) to EBITDA, EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre (in thousands) (unaudited):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net income (loss) |  | $ | (1,322 | ) |  | $ | 4,270 |
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs |  | 14,193 |  |  | 10,179 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 16,686 |  |  | 13,006 |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  | 927 |  |  | 572 |
Equity in (earnings) loss of unconsolidated entities |  | 50 |  |  | 3 |
Company’s portion of EBITDA of OpenKey |  | (49 | ) |  | (2 | )
EBITDA |  | 30,485 |  |  | 28,028 |
Impairment charges on real estate |  | — |  |  | 12 |
EBITDAre |  | 30,485 |  |  | 28,040 |
Amortization of favorable (unfavorable) contract assets (liabilities) |  | 119 |  |  | 43 |
Transaction and management conversion costs |  | 634 |  |  | 503 |
Other (income) expense |  | 117 |  |  | 63 |
Write-off of loan costs and exit fees |  | 312 |  |  | 2 |
Unrealized (gain) loss on investment in Ashford Inc. |  | (707 | ) |  | (528 | )
Unrealized (gain) loss on derivatives |  | 872 |  |  | (73 | )
Non-cash stock/unit-based compensation |  | 1,528 |  |  | 2,593 |
Legal, advisory and settlement costs |  | 71 |  |  | (1,141 | )
Advisory services incentive fee |  | 1,314 |  |  | 170 |
Uninsured hurricane and wildfire related costs |  | — |  |  | 467 |
Company’s portion of adjustments to EBITDAre of OpenKey |  | 11 |  |  | — |
Adjusted EBITDAre |  | $ | 34,756 |  |  | $ | 30,139 |

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We calculate FFO and Adjusted FFO in the following table. FFO is calculated on the basis defined by NAREIT, which is net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders, computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains or losses on sales of hotel properties and extraordinary items as defined by GAAP, plus impairment charges on real estate, depreciation and amortization of real estate assets, and after redeemable noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership and adjustments for unconsolidated entities. NAREIT developed FFO as a relative measure of performance of an equity REIT to recognize that income-producing real estate historically has not depreciated on the basis determined by GAAP. Our calculation of Adjusted FFO excludes dividends on convertible preferred stock, transaction and management conversion costs, write-off of loan costs and exit fees, amortization of loan costs, legal, advisory and settlement costs, advisory services incentive fee, uninsured hurricane and wildfire related costs, other income/expense and non-cash items such as unrealized gain/loss on investments, interest expense accretion on refundable membership club deposits, unrealized gain/loss on derivatives, stock/unit-based compensation and the Company’s portion of adjustments to FFO of OpenKey. FFO and Adjusted FFO exclude amounts attributable to the portion of a partnership owned by the third party. We consider FFO and Adjusted FFO to be appropriate measures of our ongoing normalized operating performance as a REIT. We compute FFO in accordance with our interpretation of standards established by NAREIT, which may not be comparable to FFO reported by other REITs that either do not define the term in accordance with the current NAREIT definition or interpret the NAREIT definition differently than us. FFO and Adjusted FFO do not represent cash generated from operating activities as determined by GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to GAAP net income or loss as an indication of our financial performance or GAAP cash flows from operating activities as a measure of our liquidity. FFO and Adjusted FFO are also not indicative of funds available to satisfy our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions. However, to facilitate a clear understanding of our historical operating results, we believe that FFO and Adjusted FFO should be considered along with our net income or loss and cash flows reported in our condensed consolidated financial statements.
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The following table reconciles net income (loss) to FFO and Adjusted FFO (in thousands) (unaudited):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Net income (loss) | $ | (1,322 | ) |  | $ | 4,270 |
(Income) loss from consolidated entities attributable to noncontrolling interest | (99 | ) |  | 42 |
Net (Income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership | 440 |  |  | (292 | )
Preferred dividends | (2,532 | ) |  | (1,707 | )
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders | (3,513 | ) |  | 2,313 |
Depreciation and amortization on real estate (1) | 15,904 |  |  | 12,258 |
Impairment charges on real estate | — |  |  | 12 |
Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership | (440 | ) |  | 292 |
Equity in (earnings) loss of unconsolidated entity | 50 |  |  | 3 |
Company’s portion of FFO of OpenKey | (51 | ) |  | (2 | )
FFO available to common stockholders and OP unitholders | 11,950 |  |  | 14,876 |
Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred dividends | 1,707 |  |  | 1,707 |
Transaction and management conversion costs | 634 |  |  | 503 |
Other (income) expense | 117 |  |  | 63 |
Interest expense accretion on refundable membership club benefits | 225 |  |  | — |
Write-off of loan costs and exit fees | 312 |  |  | 2 |
Amortization of loan costs (1) | 1,155 |  |  | 964 |
Unrealized (gain) loss on investment in Ashford Inc. | (707 | ) |  | (528 | )
Unrealized (gain) loss on derivatives | 872 |  |  | (73 | )
Non-cash stock/unit-based compensation | 1,528 |  |  | 2,593 |
Legal, advisory and settlement costs | 71 |  |  | (1,141 | )
Advisory services incentive fee | 1,314 |  |  | 170 |
Uninsured hurricane and wildfire related costs | — |  |  | 467 |
Company’s portion of adjustments to FFO of OpenKey | 11 |  |  | — |
Adjusted FFO available to common stockholders and OP unitholders | $ | 19,189 |  |  | $ | 19,603 |

____________________

(1) | Net of adjustments for noncontrolling interest in consolidated entities. The following table presents the amounts of the adjustments for non-controlling interests for each line item:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Depreciation and amortization on real estate | $ | (782 | ) |  | $ | (748 | )
Amortization of loan costs | (25 | ) |  | (24 | )

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Hotel Properties
The following table presents certain information related to our hotel properties:

Hotel Property |  | Location |  | Service Type |  | Total Rooms |  | % Owned |  | Owned Rooms
Fee Simple Properties |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital Hilton |  | Washington, D.C. |  | Full |  | 550 |  |  | 75 | % |  | 413 |
Seattle Marriott Waterfront |  | Seattle, WA |  | Full |  | 361 |  |  | 100 | % |  | 361 |
Philadelphia Courtyard (1) |  | Philadelphia, PA |  | Select |  | 499 |  |  | 100 | % |  | 499 |
San Francisco Courtyard Downtown (1) |  | San Francisco, CA |  | Select |  | 410 |  |  | 100 | % |  | 410 |
Chicago Sofitel Magnificent Mile |  | Chicago, IL |  | Full |  | 415 |  |  | 100 | % |  | 415 |
Pier House Resort |  | Key West, FL |  | Full |  | 142 |  |  | 100 | % |  | 142 |
Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas (2) |  | St. Thomas, USVI |  | Full |  | 180 |  |  | 100 | % |  | 180 |
Park Hyatt Beaver Creek |  | Beaver Creek, CO |  | Full |  | 190 |  |  | 100 | % |  | 190 |
Hotel Yountville |  | Yountville, CA |  | Full |  | 80 |  |  | 100 | % |  | 80 |
Ritz-Carlton, Sarasota |  | Sarasota, FL |  | Full |  | 266 |  |  | 100 | % |  | 266 |
Ritz-Carlton, Lake Tahoe |  | Truckee, CA |  | Full |  | 170 |  |  | 100 | % |  | 170 |
Ground Lease Properties |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines (3) |  | La Jolla, CA |  | Full |  | 394 |  |  | 75 | % |  | 296 |
Bardessono Hotel (4) |  | Yountville, CA |  | Full |  | 62 |  |  | 100 | % |  | 62 |
Total |  |  |  |  |  | 3,719 |  |  |  |  | 3,484 |

________

(1) | Announced plans to convert to Autograph Collection. These hotel properties will be full service upon conversion.

(2) | Due to the impact from hurricanes Irma and Maria, rooms counts at the Ritz-Carlton, St. Thomas were approximately 59 and 23 during the months of January 2019 and February 2019. In March 2019, the hotel property was closed for renovation reducing the room count to 0 at March 31, 2019. The hotel had 180 total rooms in service prior to the hurricanes.

(3) | The ground lease expires in 2067.

(4) | The initial ground lease expires in 2065. The ground lease contains two 25-year extension options, at our election.

ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK

Our primary market risk exposure consists of changes in interest rates on borrowings under our debt instruments that bear interest at variable rates that fluctuate with market interest rates. To the extent that we acquire assets or conduct operations in an international jurisdiction, we will also have currency exchange risk. We may enter into certain hedging arrangements in order to manage interest rate and currency fluctuations. The analysis below presents the sensitivity of the market value of our financial instruments to selected changes in market interest rates.
At March 31, 2019, our total indebtedness of $1.1 billion was comprised of 100% variable-rate debt. The impact on the results of operations of a 25-basis point change in the interest rate on the outstanding balance of variable-rate debt at March 31, 2019, would be approximately $2.6 million per year.
The above amounts were determined based on the impact of hypothetical interest rates on our borrowings and assume no changes in our capital structure. The information presented above includes those exposures that existed at March 31, 2019, but it does not consider exposures or positions that could arise after that date. Accordingly, the information presented herein has limited predictive value. As a result, the ultimate realized gain or loss with respect to interest rate fluctuations will depend on exposures that arise during the period, the hedging strategies at the time, and the related interest rates.
We use credit default swaps, tied to the CMBX index, to hedge financial and capital market risk. We have entered into credit default swap transactions with notional amounts totaling $50.0 million to hedge financial and capital market risk for upfront costs of $888,000, of which $4,000 has since been returned to us, and $884,000 remains held as collateral as of March 31, 2019. A credit default swap is a derivative contract that functions like an insurance policy against the credit risk of an entity or obligation. The seller of protection assumes the credit risk of the reference obligation from the buyer (us) of protection in exchange for annual premium payments. If a default or a loss, as defined in the credit default swap agreements, occurs on the underlying bonds, then the buyer of protection is protected against those losses. The only liability for us, the buyer, is the annual premium and any change in value of the underlying CMBX index (if the trade is terminated prior to maturity). For all CMBX trades completed to date, we were the buyer of protection. Credit default swaps are subject to master-netting settlement arrangements and credit support annexes. Assuming the underlying bonds pay off at par over their remaining average life, our estimated total exposure for these trades was approximately $1.7 million at March 31, 2019.
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We hold interest rate floors with notional amounts totaling $11.3 billion and strike rates ranging from (0.25)% to 2.00%. Our total exposure is capped at our initial total cost of $3.8 million. These instruments have termination dates ranging from June 2019 to July 2020.

ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, our management has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of March 31, 2019 (the “Evaluation Date”). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective: (i) to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms; and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
During the quarter ended March 31, 2019, we implemented controls to ensure we adequately evaluated our contracts and properly assessed the impact of the new lease accounting standard on our financial statements to facilitate the adoption of the standard on January 1, 2019. Our property managers implemented software/tools to assist in calculating the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities to support the accounting at each property and we have implemented processes and controls to review the property level output on a quarterly basis. Additionally, we have implemented tools to calculate and controls to review our accounting for leases at the corporate level.
There have been no other changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are engaged in various legal proceedings which have arisen but have not been fully adjudicated. The likelihood of loss from these legal proceedings, based on definitions within contingency accounting literature, ranges from remote to reasonably possible and to probable. Based on estimates of the range of potential losses associated with these matters, management does not believe the ultimate resolution of these proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations. However, the final results of legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty and if we fail to prevail in one or more of these legal matters, and the associated realized losses exceed our current estimates of the range of potential losses, our consolidated financial position or results of operations could be materially adversely affected in future periods.

ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS

The discussion of our business and operations should be read together with the risk factors contained in Item 1A to Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which describe various risks and uncertainties to which we are or may become subject. These risks and uncertainties have the potential to affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, strategies, or prospects in a material and adverse manner. As of March 31, 2019, there have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

ITEM 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer
On December 5, 2017, our board of directors reapproved the stock repurchase program pursuant to which the Board granted a repurchase authorization to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share having an aggregate value of up to $50 million. The Board’s authorization replaced any previous repurchase authorizations. No shares were repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2019, pursuant to this authorization.
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The following table provides the information with respect to purchases and forfeitures of our common stock during each of the months in the first quarter of 2019:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid Per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Plan |  | Maximum Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan
Common stock: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
January1 to January 31 |  | 329 |  |  | $ | — |  | (2) | — |  |  | $ | 50,000,000 |
February 1 to February 28 |  | 229 |  |  | $ | — |  | (2) | — |  |  | $ | 50,000,000 |
March 1 to March 31 |  | 17,592 |  | (1) | $ | 11.63 |  | (2) | — |  |  | $ | 50,000,000 |
Total |  | 18,150 |  |  | $ | 11.63 |  |  | — |  |  |

__________________

(1) | Includes 17,392 shares that were withheld to cover tax-withholding requirements related to the vesting of restricted shares of our common stock issued to employees of our advisor pursuant to the Company’s stockholder-approved stock incentive plan.

(2) | There is no cost associated with the forfeiture of 329, 229 and 200 restricted shares of our common stock in January, February and March, respectively.

ITEM 3. | DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.

ITEM 5. | OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS

Exhibit |  | Description
3.1 |  | Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Braemar Hotels & Resorts Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 29, 2016)
3.2 |  | Articles Supplementary of Braemar Hotels & Resorts Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 18, 2015)
3.3 |  | Articles of Amendment of Braemar Hotels & Resorts Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 29, 2016)
3.4 |  | Amendment Number One to the Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Braemar Hotels & Resorts Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 8, 2017)
3.5 |  | Amendment Number Two to Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Braemar Hotels & Resorts Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 23, 2018)
3.6 |  | Third Amended and Restated Bylaws of Braemar Hotels & Resorts Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.11 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 9, 2018)
31.1* |  | Certifications of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
31.2* |  | Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
32.1* |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2* |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

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The following materials from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 are formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations; (iii) Consolidated Statements Comprehensive Income; (iii) Consolidated Statement of Equity; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (v) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. In accordance with Rule 402 of Regulation S-T, the XBRL related information in Exhibit 101 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q shall not be deemed to be “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and shall not be part of any registration statement or other document filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended or the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document | Submitted electronically with this report.
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | Submitted electronically with this report.
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document | Submitted electronically with this report.
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | Submitted electronically with this report.
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document | Submitted electronically with this report.
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document | Submitted electronically with this report.

___________________________________
* Filed herewith.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
BRAEMAR HOTELS & RESORTS INC.

Date: | May 8, 2019 | By: | /s/ RICHARD J. STOCKTON |
|  |  | Richard J. Stockton |
|  |  | President and Chief Executive Officer |
Date: | May 8, 2019 | By: | /s/ DERIC S. EUBANKS |
|  |  | Deric S. Eubanks |
|  |  | Chief Financial Officer |

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