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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2021

OR

☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from ______________ to ______________

Commission file number: 0-23636

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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Missouri | 43-1626350
(State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
incorporation or organization) |

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132 East High Street, Box 688, Jefferson City, Missouri 65102

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(573) 761-6100

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report.)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1.00 par value | HWBK | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

​ | ​ | ​
Large accelerated filer ☐ | Accelerated filer ☐ | Non-accelerated filer☒
​ | ​ | ​
Smaller reporting company ☒ | Emerging growth company ☐ | ​

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

As of May 10, 2021, the registrant had 6,362,476 shares of common stock, par value $1.00 per share, outstanding.

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, | ​ | December 31,
(In thousands, except per share data) |  | 2021 |  | 2020
​ |  | (Unaudited) |  | ​
ASSETS | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and due from banks | ​ | $ | 18,496 | ​ | $ | 19,235
Federal funds sold and other interest-bearing deposits | ​ |  | 128,207 | ​ |  | 161,128
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ |  | 146,703 | ​ |  | 180,363
Certificates of deposit in other banks | ​ |  | 8,897 | ​ |  | 9,376
Available-for-sale debt securities, at fair value | ​ |  | 238,142 | ​ |  | 198,030
Other investments | ​ |  | 6,188 | ​ |  | 6,353
Total investment securities | ​ |  | 244,330 | ​ |  | 204,383
Loans held for investment | ​ |  | 1,276,185 | ​ |  | 1,286,967
Allowance for loan losses | ​ |  | (18,361) | ​ |  | (18,113)
Net loans | ​ |  | 1,257,824 | ​ |  | 1,268,854
Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value | ​ | ​ | 6,308 | ​ | ​ | 5,099
Premises and equipment - net | ​ |  | 34,027 | ​ |  | 34,561
Mortgage servicing rights, at fair value | ​ |  | 2,494 | ​ |  | 2,445
Other real estate owned - net | ​ |  | 12,140 | ​ |  | 12,291
Accrued interest receivable | ​ |  | 6,488 | ​ |  | 6,640
Cash surrender value - life insurance | ​ |  | 2,465 | ​ |  | 2,451
Other assets | ​ |  | 10,248 | ​ |  | 7,268
Total assets | ​ | $ | 1,731,924 | ​ | $ | 1,733,731
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Deposits | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Non-interest bearing demand | ​ | $ | 431,035 | ​ | $ | 382,492
Savings, interest checking and money market | ​ |  | 708,615 | ​ |  | 723,808
Time deposits $250,000 and over | ​ |  | 74,406 | ​ |  | 91,263
Other time deposits | ​ |  | 179,926 | ​ |  | 186,043
Total deposits | ​ |  | 1,393,982 | ​ |  | 1,383,606
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase | ​ |  | 42,018 | ​ |  | 45,154
Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowings | ​ |  | 97,614 | ​ |  | 106,674
Subordinated notes | ​ |  | 49,486 | ​ |  | 49,486
Operating lease liabilities | ​ | ​ | 2,058 | ​ | ​ | 2,137
Accrued interest payable | ​ |  | 439 | ​ |  | 837
Other liabilities | ​ |  | 15,619 | ​ |  | 15,248
Total liabilities | ​ |  | 1,601,216 | ​ |  | 1,603,142
Stockholders’ equity: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Common stock, $1 par value, authorized 15,000,000 shares; issued 6,769,322 | ​ |  | 6,769 | ​ |  | 6,769
Surplus | ​ |  | 59,307 | ​ |  | 59,307
Retained earnings | ​ |  | 73,947 | ​ |  | 68,935
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | ​ |  | (1,217) | ​ |  | 1,528
Treasury stock; 406,846, and 289,214 shares, at cost, respectively | ​ |  | (8,098) | ​ |  | (5,950)
Total stockholders’ equity | ​ |  | 130,708 | ​ |  | 130,589
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | ​ | $ | 1,731,924 | ​ | $ | 1,733,731

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See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

2

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Income (unaudited)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​
​ |  | March 31, | ​
(In thousands, except per share amounts) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 | ​
INTEREST INCOME | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Interest and fees on loans | ​ | $ | 14,979 | ​ | $ | 14,422 | ​
Interest and fees on loans held for sale | ​ | ​ | 25 | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​
Interest on investment securities: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Taxable | ​ |  | 667 | ​ |  | 813 | ​
Nontaxable | ​ |  | 246 | ​ |  | 142 | ​
Federal funds sold, other interest-bearing deposits, and certificates of deposit in other banks | ​ |  | 102 | ​ |  | 326 | ​
Dividends on other investments | ​ |  | 83 | ​ |  | 100 | ​
Total interest income | ​ |  | 16,102 | ​ |  | 15,808 | ​
INTEREST EXPENSE | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Interest on deposits: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Savings, interest checking and money market | ​ |  | 309 | ​ |  | 947 | ​
Time deposit accounts $250,000 and over | ​ |  | 210 | ​ |  | 413 | ​
Time deposits | ​ | ​ | 461 | ​ | ​ | 752 | ​
Total interest expense on deposits | ​ | ​ | 980 | ​ | ​ | 2,112 | ​
Interest on federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase | ​ |  | 26 | ​ |  | 37 | ​
Interest on Federal Home Loan Bank advances | ​ |  | 396 | ​ |  | 632 | ​
Interest on subordinated notes | ​ |  | 310 | ​ |  | 501 | ​
Total interest expense on borrowings | ​ | ​ | 732 | ​ | ​ | 1,170 | ​
Total interest expense | ​ |  | 1,712 | ​ |  | 3,282 | ​
Net interest income | ​ |  | 14,390 | ​ |  | 12,526 | ​
Provision for loan losses | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 3,300 | ​
Net interest income after provision for loan losses | ​ |  | 14,390 | ​ |  | 9,226 | ​
NON-INTEREST INCOME | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Service charges and other fees | ​ |  | 739 | ​ |  | 799 | ​
Bank card income and fees | ​ |  | 860 | ​ |  | 693 | ​
Trust department income | ​ |  | 294 | ​ |  | 379 | ​
Real estate servicing fees, net | ​ |  | 73 | ​ |  | (87) | ​
Gain on sale of mortgage loans, net | ​ |  | 2,469 | ​ |  | 419 | ​
Other | ​ |  | 8 | ​ |  | 88 | ​
Total non-interest income | ​ |  | 4,443 | ​ |  | 2,291 | ​
Investment securities gains (losses), net | ​ |  | 14 | ​ |  | (1) | ​
NON-INTEREST EXPENSE | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Salaries and employee benefits | ​ |  | 7,146 | ​ |  | 6,121 | ​
Occupancy expense, net | ​ |  | 771 | ​ |  | 766 | ​
Furniture and equipment expense | ​ |  | 744 | ​ |  | 750 | ​
Processing, network, and bank card expense | ​ |  | 1,007 | ​ |  | 976 | ​
Legal, examination, and professional fees | ​ |  | 404 | ​ |  | 367 | ​
Advertising and promotion | ​ |  | 243 | ​ |  | 249 | ​
Postage, printing, and supplies | ​ |  | 204 | ​ |  | 241 | ​
Loan expense | ​ |  | 174 | ​ |  | 123 | ​
Other | ​ |  | 958 | ​ |  | 898 | ​
Total non-interest expense | ​ |  | 11,651 | ​ |  | 10,491 | ​
Income before income taxes | ​ |  | 7,196 | ​ |  | 1,025 | ​
Income tax expense | ​ |  | 1,357 | ​ |  | 157 | ​
Net income | ​ | $ | 5,839 | ​ | $ | 868 | ​
Basic earnings per share | ​ | $ | 0.92 | ​ | $ | 0.13 | ​
Diluted earnings per share | ​ | $ | 0.92 | ​ | $ | 0.13 | ​

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See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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3

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​
​ |  | March 31, | ​
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 | ​
Net income | ​ | $ | 5,839 | ​ | $ | 868 | ​
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Investment securities available-for-sale: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Unrealized (losses) gains on investment securities available-for-sale, net of tax | ​ |  | (2,778) | ​ |  | 2,180 | ​
Adjustment for (gains) losses on sale of investment securities, net of tax | ​ |  | (2) | ​ |  | — | ​
Defined benefit pension plans: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Amortization of prior service cost included in net periodic pension cost, net of tax | ​ |  | 35 | ​ |  | 53 | ​
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | ​ |  | (2,745) | ​ |  | 2,233 | ​
Total comprehensive income | ​ | $ | 3,094 | ​ | $ | 3,101 | ​

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See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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4

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (unaudited)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | Accumulated |  | ​ | ​ |  | Total
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | Other | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | Stock -
​ |  | Common | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | Retained |  | Comprehensive |  | Treasury |  | holders'
(In thousands) |  | Stock |  | Surplus |  | Earnings |  | Income (Loss) |  | Stock |  | Equity
Balance, December 31, 2020 | ​ | $ | 6,769 | ​ | $ | 59,307 | ​ | $ | 68,935 | ​ | $ | 1,528 | ​ | $ | (5,950) | ​ | $ | 130,589
Net income | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 5,839 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 5,839
Other comprehensive loss | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (2,745) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (2,745)
Purchase of treasury stock | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (2,148) | ​ |  | (2,148)
Cash dividends declared, common stock ($0.13 per share) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (827) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (827)
Balance, March 31, 2021 | ​ | $ | 6,769 | ​ | $ | 59,307 | ​ | $ | 73,947 | ​ | $ | (1,217) | ​ | $ | (8,098) | ​ | $ | 130,708
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance, December 31, 2019 | ​ | $ | 6,520 | ​ | $ | 55,727 | ​ | $ | 61,590 | ​ | $ | (3,755) | ​ | $ | (5,044) | ​ | $ | 115,038
Net income | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 868 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 868
Other comprehensive income | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 2,233 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 2,233
Purchase of treasury stock | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (719) | ​ |  | (719)
Cash dividends declared, common stock ($0.12 per share) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (750) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (750)
Balance, March 31, 2020 | ​ | $ | 6,520 | ​ | $ | 55,727 | ​ | $ | 61,708 | ​ | $ | (1,522) | ​ | $ | (5,763) | ​ | $ | 116,670
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

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See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

5

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Cash flows from operating activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net income | ​ | $ | 5,839 | ​ | $ | 868
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Provision for loan losses | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 3,300
Depreciation expense | ​ |  | 578 | ​ |  | 562
Net amortization of investment securities, premiums, and discounts | ​ |  | 418 | ​ |  | 312
Change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights | ​ |  | 121 | ​ |  | 275
Investment securities (gains) losses, net | ​ |  | (14) | ​ |  | 1
Losses (gains) on sales and dispositions of premises and equipment | ​ |  | 4 | ​ | ​ | (55)
Gain on sales and dispositions of other real estate | ​ |  | (15) | ​ |  | —
Provision for other real estate owned | ​ |  | 88 | ​ |  | 12
Decrease in accrued interest receivable | ​ |  | 152 | ​ |  | 218
Increase in cash surrender value - life insurance | ​ |  | (14) | ​ |  | (13)
Increase in other assets | ​ |  | (1,756) | ​ | ​ | (312)
Operating lease liabilities | ​ | ​ | (79) | ​ | ​ | (62)
Decrease in accrued interest payable | ​ |  | (398) | ​ |  | (356)
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities | ​ |  | 12 | ​ |  | (1,367)
Origination of mortgage loans held for sale | ​ |  | (65,012) | ​ |  | (16,609)
Proceeds from the sale of mortgage loans held for sale | ​ |  | 66,272 | ​ |  | 13,170
Gain on sale of mortgage loans, net | ​ |  | (2,469) | ​ | ​ | (419)
Other, net | ​ |  | (170) | ​ |  | (67)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | ​ |  | 3,557 | ​ |  | (542)
Cash flows from investing activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Purchase of certificates of deposit in other banks | ​ |  | (245) | ​ |  | (735)
Proceeds from maturities of certificates of deposit in other banks | ​ |  | 736 | ​ |  | 491
Net decrease (increase) in loans | ​ |  | 11,000 | ​ |  | (11,809)
Purchase of available-for-sale debt securities | ​ |  | (62,297) | ​ |  | (43,984)
Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale debt securities | ​ |  | 10,491 | ​ |  | 13,860
Proceeds from calls of available-for-sale debt securities | ​ |  | 7,745 | ​ |  | 8,935
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale debt securities | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 681
Purchases of FHLB stock | ​ |  | (327) | ​ |  | (1,491)
Proceeds from sales of FHLB stock | ​ |  | 505 | ​ |  | 2
Purchases of premises and equipment | ​ |  | (135) | ​ |  | (369)
Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment | ​ |  | 12 | ​ |  | 123
Proceeds from sales of other real estate and repossessed assets | ​ |  | 108 | ​ |  | —
Net cash used in investing activities | ​ |  | (32,407) | ​ |  | (34,296)
Cash flows from financing activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net increase in demand deposits | ​ |  | 48,543 | ​ |  | 11,412
Net decrease in interest-bearing transaction accounts | ​ |  | (15,193) | ​ |  | (18,037)
Net decrease in time deposits | ​ |  | (22,974) | ​ | ​ | (325)
Net (decrease) increase in federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase | ​ |  | (3,136) | ​ |  | 3,492
Repayment of FHLB advances and other borrowings | ​ |  | (9,060) | ​ |  | (58)
FHLB advances | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 37,000
Purchase of treasury stock | ​ |  | (2,148) | ​ |  | (719)
Cash dividends paid - common stock | ​ |  | (842) | ​ |  | (753)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | ​ |  | (4,810) | ​ |  | 32,012
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | ​ |  | (33,660) | ​ |  | (2,826)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | ​ |  | 180,363 | ​ |  | 78,121
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | ​ | $ | 146,703 | ​ | $ | 75,295
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash paid during the period for: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest | ​ | $ | 2,109 | ​ | $ | 3,639
Income taxes | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | —
Noncash investing and financing activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other real estate and repossessed assets acquired in settlement of loans | ​ | $ | 30 | ​ | $ | —

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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6

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

(1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Hawthorn Bancshares, Inc. (the Company) through its subsidiary, Hawthorn Bank (the Bank), provides a broad range of banking services to individual and corporate customers located within the Missouri communities in and surrounding Jefferson City, Columbia, Clinton, Warsaw, Springfield, St. Louis, and the greater Kansas City metropolitan area. The Company is subject to competition from other financial and nonfinancial institutions providing financial products. Additionally, the Company and its subsidiaries are subject to the regulations of certain regulatory agencies and undergo periodic examinations by those regulatory agencies.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q, and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the unaudited consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and disclosures required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements includes all adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary in order to make those statements not misleading. Management is required to make estimates and assumptions, including the determination of the allowance for loan losses, real estate acquired in connection with foreclosure or in satisfaction of loans, and fair values of investment securities available-for-sale that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates and assumptions are subject to many risks and uncertainties, including changes in interest rates and other general economic, business and political conditions, including the effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (“COVID-19”) pandemic, including its potential effects on the economic environment, our customers and our operations, as well as any changes to federal, state and local government laws, regulations and orders in connection with the pandemic. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company’s management has evaluated and did not identify any subsequent events or transactions requiring recognition or disclosure in the consolidated financial statements.

Stock Dividend On July 1, 2020, the Company paid a special stock dividend of four percent to shareholders of record at the close of business on June 15, 2020. For all periods presented, share information, including basic and diluted earnings per share, has been adjusted retroactively to reflect this change.

Operating, Accounting and Reporting Considerations related to COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the global economy, including the United States. In response to this crisis, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was passed by Congress and signed into law on March 27, 2020. The CARES Act, along with subsequent relief programs, provided substantial funding to fight the COVID-19 pandemic and stimulate the economy by supporting individuals and businesses through loans, grants, tax changes, and other types of relief. Some of the provisions applicable to the Company include, but are not limited to:

| ● | Accounting for Loan Modifications – Section 4013 of the CARES Act provides that a financial institution may elect to suspend (1) the requirements under GAAP for certain loan modifications that would otherwise be categorized as a TDR and (2) any determination that such loan modifications would be considered a TDR, including the related impairment for accounting purposes. See Note 2 Loans and Leases and the Allowance for Credit Losses for more information.

7

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

| ● | Paycheck Protection Program - The CARES Act established the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), an expansion of the Small Business Administration’s (“SBA”) 7(a) loan program and the Economic Injury Disaster Loan Program (“EIDL”), administered directly by the SBA. On December 27, 2020, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (“CAA”) was signed into law. The CAA provides several amendments to the PPP, including additional funding for first and second draws of PPP loans up to March 31, 2021. On March 30, 2021, the PPP Extension Act of 2021 was signed into law, which extends the program to May 31, 2021. The Company is a participant in the PPP. See Note 2 Loans and Leases and the Allowance for Credit Losses for more information.

Also in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“FRB”), the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), the National Credit Union Administration (“NCUA”), the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”), and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”), in consultation with the state financial regulators (collectively, the “agencies”) issued a joint interagency statement (issued March 22, 2020; revised statement issued April 7, 2020). Some of the provisions applicable to the Company include, but are not limited to:

| ● | Accounting for Loan Modifications - Loan modifications that do not meet the conditions of the CARES Act may still qualify as a modification that does not need to be accounted for as a TDR. The agencies confirmed with FASB staff that short-term modifications made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who were current prior to any relief are not TDRs. This includes short-term modifications such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or insignificant delays in payment. See Note 2 Loans and Leases and the Allowance for Credit Losses for more information.

| ● | Past Due Reporting - With regard to loans not otherwise reportable as past due, financial institutions are not expected to designate loans with deferrals granted due to COVID-19 as past due because of the deferral. A loan’s payment date is governed by the due date stipulated in the legal agreement. If a financial institution agrees to a payment deferral, these loans would not be considered past due during the period of the deferral.

| ● | Nonaccrual Status and Charge-offs - During short-term COVID-19 modifications, these loans generally should not be reported as nonaccrual or as classified.

The Company began offering short-term loan modifications to assist borrowers during the COVID-19 pandemic. These modifications generally involve principal and/or interest payment deferrals for up to six months. These modifications generally meet the criteria of both Section 4013 of the CARES Act and the joint interagency statement, and therefore, the Company does not account for such loan modifications as TDRs. As the COVID-19 pandemic persists in negatively impacting the economy, the Company continues to offer additional loan modifications to borrowers struggling as a result of the pandemic. Similar to the initial modifications granted, the additional round of loan modifications are granted specifically under Section 4013 of the CARES Act and generally involve principal and/or interest payment deferrals for up to an additional six months for commercial and consumer loans, and principal-only deferrals for up to an additional 12 months for selected commercial loans. On August 3, 2020, the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council on behalf of its members (collectively “the FFIEC members”) issued a joint statement on additional loan accommodations related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The joint statement clarifies that for loan modifications in which Section 4013 is being applied, subsequent modifications could also be eligible under Section 4013. To be eligible, each loan modification must be (1) related to the COVID-19 event; (2) executed on a loan that was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019; and (3) executed between March 1, 2020, and the earlier of (A) 60 days after the date of termination of the National Emergency or (B) December 31, 2020. The December 31, 2020 deadline was subsequently extended to January 1, 2022, by the CAA. Substantially all of the Company’s additional round of loan modifications granted under Section 4013 of the CARES Act are in compliance with the aforementioned FFIEC requirements. Accordingly, the Company does not account for such loan modifications as TDRs.

8

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

(2) Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses

Loans

Major classifications within the Company’s held for investment loan portfolio at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 is as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, | ​ | December 31,
(in thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Commercial, financial, and agricultural (a) | ​ | $ | 251,943 | ​ | $ | 272,918
Real estate construction − residential | ​ |  | 33,962 | ​ |  | 29,692
Real estate construction − commercial | ​ |  | 78,576 | ​ |  | 78,144
Real estate mortgage − residential | ​ |  | 258,259 | ​ |  | 262,339
Real estate mortgage − commercial | ​ |  | 628,178 | ​ |  | 617,133
Installment and other consumer | ​ |  | 25,267 | ​ |  | 26,741
Total loans held for investment | ​ | $ | 1,276,185 | ​ | $ | 1,286,967

(a) | Includes $56.3 million and $63.3 million SBA PPP loans, net as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

The Bank grants real estate, commercial, installment, and other consumer loans to customers located within the Missouri communities surrounding Jefferson City, Columbia, Clinton, Warsaw, Springfield, St. Louis, and the greater Kansas City metropolitan area. As such, the Bank is susceptible to changes in the economic environment in these communities. The Bank does not have a concentration of credit in any one economic sector. Installment and other consumer loans consist primarily of the financing of automotive vehicles. At March 31, 2021, loans of $552.5 million were pledged to the Federal Home Loan Bank as collateral for borrowings and letters of credit.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The following table illustrates the changes in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
​ | ​ | Commercial, | ​ | Real Estate | ​ | Real Estate | ​ | Real Estate | ​ | Real Estate | ​ | Installment | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | Financial, & | ​ | Construction - | ​ | Construction - | ​ | Mortgage - | ​ | Mortgage - | ​ | and Other | ​ | Un- | ​ |  | ​
(in thousands) |  | Agricultural |  | Residential |  | Commercial |  | Residential |  | Commercial |  | Consumer |  | allocated |  | Total
Balance at beginning of period | ​ | $ | 5,121 | ​ | $ | 213 | ​ | $ | 475 | ​ | $ | 2,679 | ​ | $ | 9,354 | ​ | $ | 264 | ​ | $ | 7 | ​ | $ | 18,113
Additions: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Provision for loan losses | ​ |  | (567) | ​ |  | 83 | ​ |  | 57 | ​ |  | (253) | ​ |  | 573 | ​ |  | 13 | ​ |  | 94 | ​ |  | —
Deductions: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Loans charged off | ​ |  | 27 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 23 | ​ |  | 57 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 107
Less recoveries on loans | ​ |  | (149) | ​ |  | (13) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (168) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (25) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (355)
Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) | ​ |  | (122) | ​ |  | (13) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (168) | ​ |  | 23 | ​ |  | 32 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (248)
Balance at end of period | ​ | $ | 4,676 | ​ | $ | 309 | ​ | $ | 532 | ​ | $ | 2,594 | ​ | $ | 9,904 | ​ | $ | 245 | ​ | $ | 101 | ​ | $ | 18,361

​

​

​

​

​

​

9

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
​ | ​ | Commercial, | ​ | Real Estate | ​ | Real Estate | ​ | Real Estate | ​ | Real Estate | ​ | Installment | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | Financial, & | ​ | Construction - | ​ | Construction - | ​ | Mortgage - | ​ | Mortgage - | ​ | and Other | ​ | Un- | ​ |  | ​
(in thousands) |  | Agricultural |  | Residential |  | Commercial |  | Residential |  | Commercial |  | Consumer |  | allocated |  | Total
Balance at beginning of period | ​ | $ | 2,918 | ​ | $ | 64 | ​ | $ | 369 | ​ | $ | 2,118 | ​ | $ | 6,547 | ​ | $ | 381 | ​ | $ | 80 | ​ | $ | 12,477
Additions: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Provision for loan losses | ​ |  | 721 | ​ |  | 53 | ​ |  | 253 | ​ |  | 255 | ​ |  | 2,087 | ​ |  | 8 | ​ |  | (77) | ​ |  | 3,300
Deductions: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Loans charged off | ​ |  | 41 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 19 | ​ |  | 22 | ​ |  | 52 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 134
Less recoveries on loans | ​ |  | (25) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (9) | ​ |  | (2) | ​ |  | (14) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (50)
Net loan charge-offs | ​ |  | 16 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 10 | ​ |  | 20 | ​ |  | 38 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 84
Balance at end of period | ​ | $ | 3,623 | ​ | $ | 117 | ​ | $ | 622 | ​ | $ | 2,363 | ​ | $ | 8,614 | ​ | $ | 351 | ​ | $ | 3 | ​ | $ | 15,693

​

Loans, or portions of loans, are charged off to the extent deemed uncollectible or a loss is confirmed. Loan charge-offs reduce the allowance for loan losses, and recoveries of loans previously charged off are added back to the allowance. If management determines that it is probable that all amounts due on a loan will not be collected under the original terms of the loan agreement, the loan is considered to be impaired. These loans are evaluated individually for impairment, and in conjunction with current economic conditions and loss experience, specific reserves are estimated as further discussed below. Loans not individually evaluated are aggregated by risk characteristics and reserves are recorded using a consistent methodology that considers historical loan loss experience by loan type, delinquencies, current economic conditions, loan risk ratings and industry concentration.

These historical loss rates for each risk group are used as the starting point to determine loss rates for measurement purposes. The historical loan loss rates are multiplied by loss emergence periods (LEP) which represent the estimated time period between a borrower first experiencing financial difficulty and the recognition of a loss. Management's look-back period began with loss history in the first quarter 2012 as the starting point through the current quarter and it will continue to include this starting point going forward. The look-back period will continue to be evaluated and will be adjusted once a sustained loss producing downturn is recognized and found to be representative of historical losses expected for the current portfolio.

The Company’s methodology includes qualitative risk factors that allow management to adjust its estimates of losses based on the most recent information available and to address other limitations in the quantitative component that is based on historical loss rates. Such risk factors are generally reviewed and updated quarterly, as appropriate, and are adjusted to reflect changes in national and local economic conditions and developments, the nature, volume and terms of loans in the portfolio, including changes in volume and severity of past due loans, the volume of nonaccrual loans, and the volume and severity of adversely classified or graded loans, loan concentrations, assessment of trends in collateral values, assessment of changes in the quality of the Company’s internal loan review department, and changes in lending policies and procedures, including underwriting standards and collections, charge-off and recovery practices.

When the COVID-19 pandemic surfaced in the first quarter of 2020, management reassessed the calculation of the allowance for loan loss by increasing the economic qualitative factor in order to capture the impact on the credit risk present in the loan portfolio given the economic environment that existed at that time. As of the fourth quarter of 2020, management reassessed the qualitative factor and economic indicators. Enough time had passed so that data after the outbreak would be available and a better interpretation of the impact of the virus on the economy. Management determined that the local market and economy had been able to transition to a functional level while adapting to the new requirements aimed at stopping the spread of the virus and returned to calculating the qualitative adjustment according to the Company's methodology detailed above.

​

10

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Additionally, the funding of $88.4 million and $40.2 million in SBA PPP loans during 2020 and 2021, respectively, required management to assess the methodology that would be adopted in regard to the allowance for loan losses applicable to these loans. As the SBA PPP loans are expected to be mostly paid off in the next six to twelve months and carry a 100% credit guarantee from the SBA, management determined that no allowance for loan losses was deemed necessary for these loans. At March 31, 2021 the net balance of the PPP loans totaled $56.3 million.

All SBA PPP loans have a 1% interest rate and the Company earns a fee that is based upon a tiered schedule corresponding with the amount of the loan to the borrower, which is deferred and recognized over the life of the loan. Based upon the borrower meeting certain criteria as defined by the CARES Act, the loan may be forgiven by the SBA. The Company reports these loans at their principal amount outstanding, net of unearned income, unamortized deferred loan fee income and loan origination costs. Interest is accrued as earned and loan origination fees and direct costs are deferred and accreted or amortized into interest income, as an adjustment to the yield, over the life of the loan using the level yield method. When a PPP loan is paid off or forgiven by the SBA, the remaining unaccreted or unamortized net origination fees or costs are immediately recognized into income.

The following table illustrates the allowance for loan losses and recorded investment by portfolio segment:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Commercial, | ​ | Real Estate | ​ | Real Estate | ​ | Real Estate | ​ | Real Estate | ​ | Installment | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | Financial, and | ​ | Construction - | ​ | Construction - | ​ | Mortgage - | ​ | Mortgage - | ​ | and Other | ​ | Un- | ​ |  | ​
(in thousands) |  | Agricultural |  | Residential |  | Commercial |  | Residential |  | Commercial |  | Consumer |  | allocated |  | Total
March 31, 2021 |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Allowance for loan losses: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Individually evaluated for impairment | ​ | $ | 2,134 | ​ | $ | 26 | ​ | $ | 28 | ​ | $ | 256 | ​ | $ | 2,691 | ​ | $ | 9 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 5,144
Collectively evaluated for impairment | ​ |  | 2,542 | ​ |  | 283 | ​ |  | 504 | ​ |  | 2,338 | ​ |  | 7,213 | ​ |  | 236 | ​ |  | 101 | ​ |  | 13,217
Total | ​ | $ | 4,676 | ​ | $ | 309 | ​ | $ | 532 | ​ | $ | 2,594 | ​ | $ | 9,904 | ​ | $ | 245 | ​ | $ | 101 | ​ | $ | 18,361
Loans outstanding: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | ​ | $ | 7,408 | ​ | $ | 189 | ​ | $ | 198 | ​ | $ | 3,134 | ​ | $ | 25,647 | ​ | $ | 71 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 36,647
Collectively evaluated for impairment | ​ |  | 244,535 | ​ |  | 33,773 | ​ |  | 78,378 | ​ |  | 255,125 | ​ |  | 602,531 | ​ |  | 25,196 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,239,538
Total | ​ | $ | 251,943 | ​ | $ | 33,962 | ​ | $ | 78,576 | ​ | $ | 258,259 | ​ | $ | 628,178 | ​ | $ | 25,267 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 1,276,185
​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
December 31, 2020 | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Allowance for loan losses: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | ​ | $ | 2,187 | ​ | $ | 27 | ​ | $ | 28 | ​ | $ | 263 | ​ | $ | 2,594 | ​ | $ | 14 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 5,113
Collectively evaluated for impairment | ​ |  | 2,934 | ​ |  | 186 | ​ |  | 447 | ​ |  | 2,416 | ​ |  | 6,760 | ​ |  | 250 | ​ |  | 7 | ​ |  | 13,000
Total | ​ | $ | 5,121 | ​ | $ | 213 | ​ | $ | 475 | ​ | $ | 2,679 | ​ | $ | 9,354 | ​ | $ | 264 | ​ | $ | 7 | ​ | $ | 18,113
Loans outstanding: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | ​ | $ | 7,552 | ​ | $ | 192 | ​ | $ | 200 | ​ | $ | 3,626 | ​ | $ | 25,657 | ​ | $ | 108 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 37,335
Collectively evaluated for impairment | ​ |  | 265,366 | ​ |  | 29,500 | ​ |  | 77,944 | ​ |  | 258,713 | ​ |  | 591,476 | ​ |  | 26,633 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,249,632
Total | ​ | $ | 272,918 | ​ | $ | 29,692 | ​ | $ | 78,144 | ​ | $ | 262,339 | ​ | $ | 617,133 | ​ | $ | 26,741 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 1,286,967

​

11

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Impaired Loans

Loans evaluated under ASC 310-10-35 include loans which are individually evaluated for impairment. All other loans are collectively evaluated for impairment under ASC 450-20. Impaired loans individually evaluated for impairment totaled $36.6 million and $37.3 million at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and are comprised of loans on non-accrual status and loans which have been classified as troubled debt restructurings (TDRs).

The net carrying value of impaired loans is based on the fair values of collateral obtained through independent appraisals or internal evaluations, or by discounting the total expected future cash flows. At March 31, 2021, $31.8 million of impaired loans were evaluated based on the fair value less estimated selling costs of the loans' collateral compared to $32.2 million at December 31, 2020. Once the impairment amount is calculated, a specific reserve allocation is recorded. At March 31, 2021, $5.1 million of the Company’s allowance for loan losses was allocated to impaired loans totaling $36.6 million compared to $5.1 million of the Company’s allowance for loan losses allocated to impaired loans totaling approximately $37.3 million at December 31, 2020. Management determined that $12.6 million, or 34%, of total impaired loans required no reserve allocation at March 31, 2021 compared to $11.9 million, or 32%, at December 31, 2020, primarily due to adequate collateral values, acceptable payment history and adequate cash flow ability.

The categories of impaired loans at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, | ​ | December 31,
(in thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Non-accrual loans | ​ | $ | 34,233 | ​ | $ | 34,559
Performing TDRs | ​ |  | 2,414 | ​ |  | 2,776
Total impaired loans | ​ | $ | 36,647 | ​ | $ | 37,335

​

12

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The following tables provide additional information about impaired loans at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, segregated between loans for which an allowance has been provided and loans for which no allowance has been provided.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | Unpaid |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Recorded | ​ | Principal | ​ | Specific
(in thousands) | ​ | Investment | ​ | Balance | ​ | Reserves
March 31, 2021 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
With no related allowance recorded: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Commercial, financial and agricultural | ​ | $ | 1,837 | ​ | $ | 1,882 | ​ | $ | —
Real estate mortgage − residential | ​ |  | 1,275 | ​ |  | 1,377 | ​ |  | —
Real estate mortgage − commercial | ​ | ​ | 9,457 | ​ | ​ | 9,467 | ​ | ​ | —
Total | ​ | $ | 12,569 | ​ | $ | 12,726 | ​ | $ | —
With an allowance recorded: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Commercial, financial and agricultural | ​ | $ | 5,571 | ​ | $ | 5,645 | ​ | $ | 2,134
Real estate construction − residential | ​ | ​ | 189 | ​ | ​ | 189 | ​ | ​ | 26
Real estate construction − commercial | ​ |  | 198 | ​ |  | 251 | ​ |  | 28
Real estate mortgage − residential | ​ |  | 1,859 | ​ |  | 2,304 | ​ |  | 256
Real estate mortgage − commercial | ​ |  | 16,190 | ​ |  | 16,257 | ​ |  | 2,691
Installment and other consumer | ​ |  | 71 | ​ |  | 75 | ​ |  | 9
Total | ​ | $ | 24,078 | ​ | $ | 24,721 | ​ | $ | 5,144
Total impaired loans | ​ | $ | 36,647 | ​ | $ | 37,447 | ​ | $ | 5,144

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | Unpaid |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Recorded | ​ | Principal | ​ | Specific
(in thousands) | ​ | Investment | ​ | Balance | ​ | Reserves
December 31, 2020 |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
With no related allowance recorded: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Commercial, financial and agricultural | ​ | $ | 1,703 | ​ | $ | 1,731 | ​ | $ | —
Real estate mortgage − residential | ​ |  | 1,300 | ​ |  | 1,395 | ​ |  | —
Real estate mortgage − commercial | ​ | ​ | 8,943 | ​ | ​ | 8,943 | ​ | ​ | —
Total | ​ | $ | 11,946 | ​ | $ | 12,069 | ​ | $ | —
With an allowance recorded: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Commercial, financial and agricultural | ​ | $ | 5,849 | ​ | $ | 6,180 | ​ | $ | 2,187
Real estate construction − residential | ​ | ​ | 192 | ​ | ​ | 192 | ​ | ​ | 27
Real estate construction − commercial | ​ |  | 200 | ​ |  | 251 | ​ |  | 28
Real estate mortgage − residential | ​ |  | 2,326 | ​ |  | 2,786 | ​ |  | 263
Real estate mortgage − commercial | ​ |  | 16,714 | ​ |  | 16,787 | ​ |  | 2,594
Installment and other consumer | ​ |  | 108 | ​ |  | 112 | ​ |  | 14
Total | ​ | $ | 25,389 | ​ | $ | 26,308 | ​ | $ | 5,113
Total impaired loans | ​ | $ | 37,335 | ​ | $ | 38,377 | ​ | $ | 5,113

​

13

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The following table presents by class, information related to the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans during the periods indicated.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended March 31, | ​
​ | ​ | 2021 | ​ | 2020 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Interest | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Interest | ​
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Recognized | ​ | Average | ​ | Recognized | ​
​ | ​ | Recorded | ​ | For the | ​ | Recorded | ​ | For the | ​
(in thousands) |  | Investment |  | Period Ended |  | Investment |  | Period Ended | ​
With no related allowance recorded: | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​
Commercial, financial and agricultural | ​ | $ | 1,742 | ​ | $ | 8 | ​ | $ | 1,014 | ​ | $ | — | ​
Real estate construction − commercial | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 227 | ​ | ​ | — | ​
Real estate mortgage − residential | ​ |  | 1,424 | ​ |  | 9 | ​ |  | 1,581 | ​ |  | — | ​
Real estate mortgage − commercial | ​ |  | 9,457 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,163 | ​ |  | 6 | ​
Installment and other consumer | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 12 | ​ | ​ | — | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 12,623 | ​ | $ | 17 | ​ | $ | 3,997 | ​ | $ | 6 | ​
With an allowance recorded: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Commercial, financial and agricultural | ​ | $ | 5,696 | ​ | $ | 7 | ​ | $ | 1,195 | ​ | $ | 8 | ​
Real estate construction − residential | ​ | ​ | 190 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​
Real estate construction − commercial | ​ |  | 199 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​
Real estate mortgage − residential | ​ |  | 1,958 | ​ |  | 6 | ​ |  | 2,550 | ​ |  | 20 | ​
Real estate mortgage − commercial | ​ |  | 16,195 | ​ |  | 7 | ​ |  | 370 | ​ |  | 2 | ​
Installment and other consumer | ​ |  | 85 | ​ |  | 3 | ​ |  | 117 | ​ |  | 6 | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 24,323 | ​ | $ | 23 | ​ | $ | 4,232 | ​ | $ | 36 | ​
Total impaired loans | ​ | $ | 36,946 | ​ | $ | 40 | ​ | $ | 8,229 | ​ | $ | 42 | ​

​

The recorded investment varies from the unpaid principal balance primarily due to partial charge-offs taken resulting from current appraisals received. The amount recognized as interest income on impaired loans continuing to accrue interest, primarily related to troubled debt restructurings, was $40,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $42,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The average recorded investment in impaired loans is calculated on a monthly basis during the periods reported.

Delinquent and Non-Accrual Loans

The delinquency status of loans is determined based on the contractual terms of the notes. Borrowers are generally classified as delinquent once payments become 30 days or more past due. The Company’s policy is to discontinue the accrual of interest income on any loan when, in the opinion of management, the ultimate collectability of interest or principal is no longer probable. In general, loans are placed on non-accrual when they become 90 days or more past due. However, management considers many factors before placing a loan on non-accrual, including the delinquency status of the loan, the overall financial condition of the borrower, the progress of management’s collection efforts and the value of the underlying collateral. Subsequent interest payments received on non-accrual loans are applied to principal if any doubt exists as to the collectability of such principal; otherwise, such receipts are recorded as interest income on a cash basis. Non-accrual loans are returned to accrual status when, in the opinion of management, the financial condition of the borrower indicates that the timely collectability of interest and principal is probable and the borrower demonstrates the

14

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

ability to pay under the terms of the note through a sustained period of repayment performance, which is generally six months.

The following table provides aging information for the Company’s past due and non-accrual loans at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Current or |  | ​ | ​ |  | 90 Days |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Less Than | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Past Due | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 30 Days | ​ | 30 - 89 Days | ​ | And Still | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(in thousands) | ​ | Past Due | ​ | Past Due | ​ | Accruing | ​ | Non-Accrual | ​ | Total
March 31, 2021 |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Commercial, Financial, and Agricultural | ​ | $ | 245,019 | ​ | $ | 333 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 6,591 | ​ | $ | 251,943
Real estate construction − residential | ​ |  | 33,773 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 189 | ​ |  | 33,962
Real estate construction − commercial | ​ |  | 78,378 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 198 | ​ |  | 78,576
Real estate mortgage − residential | ​ |  | 255,172 | ​ |  | 1,170 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,917 | ​ |  | 258,259
Real estate mortgage − commercial | ​ |  | 602,502 | ​ |  | 367 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 25,309 | ​ |  | 628,178
Installment and Other Consumer | ​ |  | 25,181 | ​ |  | 57 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 29 | ​ |  | 25,267
Total | ​ | $ | 1,240,025 | ​ | $ | 1,927 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 34,233 | ​ | $ | 1,276,185
December 31, 2020 | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Commercial, Financial, and Agricultural | ​ | $ | 265,821 | ​ | $ | 380 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 6,717 | ​ | $ | 272,918
Real estate construction − residential | ​ |  | 29,500 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 192 | ​ |  | 29,692
Real estate construction − commercial | ​ |  | 77,944 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 200 | ​ |  | 78,144
Real estate mortgage − residential | ​ |  | 259,688 | ​ |  | 546 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 2,105 | ​ |  | 262,339
Real estate mortgage − commercial | ​ |  | 591,815 | ​ |  | 4 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 25,314 | ​ |  | 617,133
Installment and Other Consumer | ​ |  | 26,576 | ​ |  | 117 | ​ |  | 17 | ​ |  | 31 | ​ |  | 26,741
Total | ​ | $ | 1,251,344 | ​ | $ | 1,047 | ​ | $ | 17 | ​ | $ | 34,559 | ​ | $ | 1,286,967

​

The Company's past due and non-accrual loans at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 do not include $43.5 million and $57.1 million of loans accepting forbearance under the CARES Act, respectively. Their delinquency status will not change through the forbearance period as they are fulfilling the agreement they have made with the Company. Of the total remaining $72.8 million loan modifications under the CARES Act, $29.3 million, are on nonaccrual status at March 31, 2021.

​

Credit Quality

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based upon an internal rating system reflecting management’s risk assessment. Loans are placed on watch status when one or more weaknesses are identified that may result in the borrower being unable to meet repayment terms or the Company’s credit position could deteriorate at some future date. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified may have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the repayment of the debt. Such loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company may sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. A loan is classified as a troubled debt restructuring (TDR) when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties that lead to the restructuring of a loan, and the Company grants concessions to the borrower in the restructuring that it would not otherwise consider. Loans classified as TDRs that are accruing interest are classified as performing TDRs. Loans classified as TDRs, that are not accruing interest are classified as nonperforming

15

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

TDRs and are included with all other nonaccrual loans for presentation purposes. It is the Company’s policy to discontinue the accrual of interest income on loans when management believes that the collection of interest or principal is doubtful.

The following table presents the risk categories by class at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Commercial, |  | Real Estate |  | Real Estate |  | Real Estate |  | Real Estate |  | Installment |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Financial, & | ​ | Construction - | ​ | Construction - | ​ | Mortgage - | ​ | Mortgage - | ​ | and other | ​ | ​ | ​
(in thousands) | ​ | Agricultural | ​ | Residential | ​ | Commercial | ​ | Residential | ​ | Commercial | ​ | Consumer | ​ | Total
At March 31, 2021 |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Watch | ​ | $ | 8,675 | ​ | $ | 540 | ​ | $ | 7,013 | ​ | $ | 15,694 | ​ | $ | 71,375 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 103,297
Substandard | ​ |  | 581 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 2,670 | ​ |  | 954 | ​ |  | 1,645 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 5,850
Performing TDRs | ​ |  | 817 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,217 | ​ |  | 338 | ​ |  | 42 | ​ |  | 2,414
Non-accrual loans | ​ |  | 6,591 | ​ |  | 189 | ​ |  | 198 | ​ |  | 1,917 | ​ |  | 25,309 | ​ |  | 29 | ​ |  | 34,233
Total | ​ | $ | 16,664 | ​ | $ | 729 | ​ | $ | 9,881 | ​ | $ | 19,782 | ​ | $ | 98,667 | ​ | $ | 71 | ​ | $ | 145,794
At December 31, 2020 | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Watch | ​ | $ | 9,649 | ​ | $ | 545 | ​ | $ | 10,806 | ​ | $ | 15,835 | ​ | $ | 66,936 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 103,771
Substandard | ​ |  | 598 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,002 | ​ |  | 1,662 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 3,262
Performing TDRs | ​ |  | 835 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,521 | ​ |  | 343 | ​ |  | 77 | ​ |  | 2,776
Non-accrual loans | ​ |  | 6,717 | ​ |  | 192 | ​ |  | 200 | ​ |  | 2,105 | ​ |  | 25,314 | ​ |  | 31 | ​ |  | 34,559
Total | ​ | $ | 17,799 | ​ | $ | 737 | ​ | $ | 11,006 | ​ | $ | 20,463 | ​ | $ | 94,255 | ​ | $ | 108 | ​ | $ | 144,368

​

Troubled Debt Restructurings

At March 31, 2021, loans classified as TDRs totaled $3.3 million, of which $0.9 million were classified as non-performing TDRs and $2.4 million were classified as performing TDRs. At December 31, 2020, loans classified as TDRs totaled $3.7 million, of which $0.9 million were classified as non-performing TDRs and $2.8 million were classified as performing TDRs. Both performing and nonperforming TDRs are considered impaired loans. When an individual loan is determined to be a TDR, the amount of impairment is based upon the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate or the fair value of the underlying collateral less applicable selling costs. Accordingly, specific reserves of $172,000 and $214,000 related to TDRs were allocated to the allowance for loan losses at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

As provided for by the CARES Act, the Company offered payment modifications to borrowers. At March 31, 2021, $72.8 million, or 5.7% of total loans, remained in some form of a modification. These loan modifications include $28.1 million, or 38.5%, on interest only, $39.6 million, or 54.5%, on full deferral and $5.1 million, or 7.0%, with extended amortization. (See table below titled – Loan Modifications under the CARES Act by NAICS Code.)

​

​

​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​

16

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

​ | ​ | Total Remaining Loan Modifications under the CARES Act by NAICS Code as of March 31, 2021 | ​
​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | % of | ​ | ​ | ​ | % of | ​ | ​ | ​ | % of | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Total Remaining | Full | Total Remaining | ​ | ​ | ​ | Total Remaining | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Interest | Loan | Deferral | Loan | Extended | Loan | ​ | ​ | ​
Industry Category |  | Only | Modifications | (1) | Modifications | Amortizations | Modifications | Totals
(in thousands) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Real Estate and Rental and Leasing | ​ | $ | 4,521 |  | ​ | 6.2 | % | $ | 5,790 | ​ | ​ | 8.0 | % | $ | 499 | ​ | ​ | 0.7 | % | $ | 10,810 | ​
Accommodations and Food Services | ​ | ​ | 10,590 | ​ | ​ | 14.5 | ​ | ​ | 29,007 | ​ | ​ | 39.8 | ​ | ​ | 4,592 | ​ | ​ | 6.3 | ​ | ​ | 44,189 | ​
Construction | ​ | ​ | 144 | ​ | ​ | 0.2 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 144 | ​
Lands and lots | ​ | ​ | 1,553 | ​ | ​ | 2.1 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,553 | ​
Cinemas | ​ | ​ | 1,086 | ​ | ​ | 1.5 | ​ | ​ | 4,691 | ​ | ​ | 6.4 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 5,777 | ​
Arts, Entertainment, Recreation | ​ | ​ | 10,164 | ​ | ​ | 14.0 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 10,164 | ​
Non-NAICS (Consumer) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 0.0 | ​ | ​ | 161 | ​ | ​ | 0.3 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 161 | ​
Total modifications | ​ | $ | 28,058 | ​ | ​ | 38.5 | % | $ | 39,649 | ​ | ​ | 54.5 | % | $ | 5,091 | ​ | ​ | 7.0 | % | $ | 72,798 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

Remaining loan modifications under the CARES Act as a percent of the total loan portfolio 5.7%

​

| (1) | Of the $39.6 million loan modifications on full deferral, $29.3 million, or 40.3% of the total remaining loan modifications, were determined to be on nonaccrual status as of March 31, 2021.

The following table summarizes loans that were modified as TDRs during the periods indicated.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended March 31,
​ | ​ | 2021 | ​ | 2020
​ | ​ | Recorded Investment (1) | ​ | Recorded Investment (1)
​ | ​ | Number of | ​ | Pre- | ​ | Post- | ​ | Number of | ​ | Pre- | ​ | Post-
(in thousands) |  | Contracts |  | Modification |  | Modification |  | Contracts |  | Modification |  | Modification
Troubled Debt Restructurings |  |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​
Installment and other consumer | ​ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — |  | 1 | ​ | $ | 6 | $ |  | 5
Total |  | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — |  | 1 | ​ | $ | 6 | ​ | $ | 5

(1) | The amounts reported post-modification are inclusive of all partial pay-downs and charge-offs, and no portion of the debt was forgiven. Loans modified as a TDR that were fully paid down, charged-off or foreclosed upon during the period ended are not reported.

The Company’s portfolio of loans classified as TDRs include concessions for the borrower given their financial condition such as interest rates below the current market rate, deferring principal payments, and extending maturity dates. There were no loans meeting the TDR criteria that were modified during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and one loan during the three months ended March 31, 2020. The Company considers a TDR to be in default when it is 90 days or more past due under the modified terms, a charge-off occurs, or in the process of foreclosure. There were no loans modified as a TDR that defaulted during any of the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and within twelve months of their modification date. See Lending and Credit Management section for further information.

Loans Held For Sale

The Company designates certain long-term fixed rate personal real estate loans as held for sale, and the Company carries them at the lower of cost or fair value. The loans are primarily sold to Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, PennyMac, and other various secondary market investors. At March 31, 2021, the carrying amount of these loans was $6.3 million compared to $5.1 million and $4.3 million at December 31, 2020 and March 31, 2020, respectively.

17

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

(3) Other Real Estate Acquired in Settlement of Loans

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, | ​ | December 31,
(in thousands) | ​ | 2021 |  | 2020
Commercial | ​ | $ | 920 | ​ | $ | 920
Real estate construction - residential | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Real estate construction - commercial | ​ |  | 10,987 | ​ |  | 10,986
Real estate mortgage - residential | ​ |  | 137 | ​ |  | 201
Real estate mortgage - commercial | ​ |  | 2,798 | ​ |  | 2,798
Total | ​ | $ | 14,842 | ​ | $ | 14,905
Less valuation allowance for other real estate owned | ​ |  | (2,702) | ​ |  | (2,614)
Total other real estate owned | ​ | $ | 12,140 | ​ | $ | 12,291

​

Changes in the net carrying amount of other real estate owned were as follows for the periods indicated:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended March 31, | ​
​ |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |
Balance at beginning of period | ​ | $ | 14,905 | ​ | $ | 15,737 | ​
Additions | ​ | ​ | 30 | ​ | ​ | — | ​
Proceeds from sales | ​ | ​ | (108) | ​ | ​ | — | ​
Charge-offs against the valuation allowance for other real estate owned, net | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​
Net gain on sales | ​ | ​ | 15 | ​ | ​ | — | ​
Total other real estate owned | ​ | $ | 14,842 | ​ | $ | 15,737 | ​
Less valuation allowance for other real estate owned | ​ | ​ | (2,702) | ​ | ​ | (2,968) | ​
Balance at end of period | ​ | $ | 12,140 | ​ | $ | 12,769 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

At March 31, 2021, $285,000 of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties were in the process of foreclosure compared to $287,000 of consumer mortgage loans at December 31, 2020.

Activity in the valuation allowance for other real estate owned was as follows for the periods indicated:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Balance, beginning of period | ​ | $ | 2,614 | ​ | $ | 2,956
Provision for other real estate owned | ​ |  | 88 | ​ |  | 12
Charge-offs | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Balance, end of period | ​ | $ | 2,702 | ​ | $ | 2,968
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

18

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

(4) Investment Securities

Available for sale securities

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities classified as available-for-sale at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Total | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Amortized | ​ | Gross Unrealized | ​ | Fair
(in thousands) |  | Cost |  | Gains |  | Losses |  | Value
March 31, 2021 |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
U.S. Treasury | ​ | $ | 3,018 | ​ | $ | 23 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 3,041
U.S. government and federal agency obligations | ​ |  | 20,161 | ​ |  | 76 | ​ |  | (408) | ​ |  | 19,829
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | ​ |  | 22,497 | ​ |  | 238 | ​ |  | (184) | ​ |  | 22,551
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | ​ |  | 70,324 | ​ |  | 961 | ​ |  | (467) | ​ |  | 70,818
Mortgage-backed securities | ​ | ​ | 108,106 | ​ | ​ | 1,586 | ​ | ​ | (1,048) | ​ | ​ | 108,644
Other debt securities (a) | ​ |  | 11,825 | ​ |  | 209 | ​ |  | (11) | ​ |  | 12,023
Bank issued trust preferred securities (a) | ​ |  | 1,486 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (250) | ​ |  | 1,236
Total available-for-sale securities | ​ | $ | 237,417 | ​ | $ | 3,093 | ​ | $ | (2,368) | ​ | $ | 238,142
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
December 31, 2020 | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
U.S. Treasury | ​ | $ | 2,772 | ​ | $ | 26 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 2,798
U.S. government and federal agency obligations | ​ |  | 11,732 | ​ |  | 197 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 11,929
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | ​ |  | 22,495 | ​ |  | 379 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 22,874
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | ​ |  | 56,943 | ​ |  | 1,801 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 58,744
Mortgage-backed securities | ​ | ​ | 88,357 | ​ | ​ | 1,809 | ​ | ​ | (54) | ​ |  | 90,112
Other debt securities (a) | ​ |  | 10,000 | ​ |  | 358 | ​ |  | (14) | ​ |  | 10,344
Bank issued trust preferred securities (a) | ​ |  | 1,486 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (257) | ​ |  | 1,229
Total available-for-sale securities | ​ | $ | 193,785 | ​ | $ | 4,570 | ​ | $ | (325) | ​ | $ | 198,030

(a) Certain hybrid instruments possessing characteristics typically associated with debt obligations.

The Company’s investment securities are classified as available for sale. Agency bonds and notes, Small Business Administration guaranteed loan certificates (SBA), residential and commercial agency mortgage-backed securities, and agency collateralized mortgage obligations (CMO) include securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA), a U.S. government agency, and the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC), and the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB), which are U.S. government-sponsored enterprises.

Debt securities with carrying values aggregating approximately $197.6 million and $153.9 million at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, were pledged to secure public funds, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and for other purposes as required or permitted by law.

19

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities classified as available-for-sale at March 31, 2021, by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Amortized |  | Fair
(in thousands) | ​ | Cost | ​ | Value
Due in one year or less | ​ | $ | 4,975 | ​ | $ | 5,011
Due after one year through five years | ​ |  | 18,245 | ​ |  | 18,456
Due after five years through ten years | ​ |  | 35,184 | ​ |  | 35,589
Due after ten years | ​ |  | 70,907 | ​ |  | 70,442
Total | ​ |  | 129,311 | ​ |  | 129,498
Mortgage-backed securities | ​ |  | 108,106 | ​ |  | 108,644
Total available-for-sale securities | ​ | $ | 237,417 | ​ | $ | 238,142

​

Other securities

Other investment securities include equity securities with readily determinable fair values and other investment securities that do not have readily determinable fair values. Investments in Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) stock, and Midwest Independent Bank (MIB) bankers bank stock, that do not have readily determinable fair values, are required for membership in those organizations.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | March 31, |  | December 31, | ​
(in thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 | ​
Other securities: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​
FHLB stock | ​ | $ | 5,992 | ​ | $ | 6,170 | ​
MIB stock | ​ |  | 151 | ​ |  | 151 | ​
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values | ​ |  | 45 | ​ |  | 32 | ​
Total other investment securities | ​ | $ | 6,188 | ​ | $ | 6,353 | ​

​

20

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Gross unrealized losses on debt securities and the fair value of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Less than 12 months | ​ | 12 months or more | ​ | Total | ​ | Total
​ |  | Fair |  | Unrealized |  | Fair |  | Unrealized |  | Fair |  | Unrealized
(in thousands) | ​ | Value | ​ | Losses | ​ | Value | ​ | Losses | ​ | Value | ​ | Losses
At March 31, 2021 |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
U.S. Treasury | ​ | $ | 1,022 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 250 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 1,272 | ​ | $ | —
U.S. government and federal agency obligations | ​ | ​ | 14,447 | ​ | ​ | (408) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 14,447 | ​ | ​ | (408)
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | ​ |  | 5,816 | ​ |  | (184) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 5,816 | ​ |  | (184)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | ​ |  | 22,580 | ​ |  | (467) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 22,580 | ​ |  | (467)
Mortgage-backed securities | ​ | ​ | 46,969 | ​ | ​ | (1,048) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 46,969 | ​ | ​ | (1,048)
Other debt securities | ​ | ​ | 2,989 | ​ | ​ | (11) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 2,989 | ​ | ​ | (11)
Bank issued trust preferred securities | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,236 | ​ |  | (250) | ​ |  | 1,236 | ​ |  | (250)
Total | ​ | $ | 93,823 | ​ | $ | (2,118) | ​ | $ | 1,486 | ​ | $ | (250) | ​ | $ | 95,309 | ​ | $ | (2,368)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(in thousands) | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
At December 31, 2020 | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
U.S. Treasury | ​ | $ | 1,015 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 1,015 | ​ | $ | —
Mortgage-backed securities | ​ | ​ | 7,494 | ​ | ​ | (54) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 7,494 | ​ | ​ | (54)
Other debt securities | ​ | ​ | 2,987 | ​ | ​ | (14) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 2,987 | ​ | ​ | (14)
Bank issued trust preferred securities | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,229 | ​ |  | (257) | ​ |  | 1,229 | ​ | ​ | (257)
Total | ​ | $ | 11,496 | ​ | $ | (68) | ​ | $ | 1,229 | ​ | $ | (257) | ​ | $ | 12,725 | ​ | $ | (325)

​

The total available for sale portfolio consisted of approximately 342 securities at March 31, 2021. The portfolio included 87 securities having an aggregate fair value of $95.3 million that were in a loss position at March 31, 2021. Securities identified as temporarily impaired which had been in a loss position for 12 months or longer totaled $1.5 million at fair value at March 31, 2021. The $2.4 million aggregate unrealized loss included in accumulated other comprehensive loss at March 31, 2021 was caused by interest rate fluctuations.

The total available for sale portfolio consisted of approximately 308 securities at December 31, 2020. The portfolio included 10 securities having an aggregate fair value of $12.7 million that were in a loss position at December 31, 2020. Securities identified as temporarily impaired which had been in a loss position for 12 months or longer totaled $1.2 million at fair value at December 31, 2020. The $325,000 aggregate unrealized loss included in accumulated other comprehensive loss at December 31, 2020 was caused by interest rate fluctuations.

Because the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, these investments were not considered other-than-temporarily impaired at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. In the absence of changes in credit quality of these investments, the fair value is expected to recover on all debt securities as they approach their maturity date or re-pricing date, or if market yields for such investments decline. In addition, the Company does not have the intent to sell these investments over the period of recovery, and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell such investment securities.

21

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The following table presents the gross realized gains and losses from sales and calls of available-for-sale securities, as well as gains and losses on equity securities from fair value adjustments which have been recognized in earnings:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended March 31, | ​
(in thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |
Investment securities gains (losses), net |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​
Available for sale securities: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​
Gross realized gains | ​ | $ | 2 | ​ | $ | — | ​
Gross realized losses | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​
Other-than-temporary impairment recognized | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​
Other investment securities: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Fair value adjustments, net | ​ |  | 12 | ​ |  | (1) | ​
Investment securities gains (losses), net | ​ | $ | 14 | ​ | $ | (1) | ​

​

(5) Intangible Assets

Mortgage Servicing Rights

At March 31, 2021, the Company was servicing approximately $288.9 million of loans sold to the secondary market compared to $292.7 million at December 31, 2020, and $270.6 million at March 31, 2020. Mortgage loan servicing fees, reported in real estate servicing fees, net, earned on loans sold were $193,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $188,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

The table below presents changes in mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) for the periods indicated.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended March 31, | ​
(in thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 | ​
Balance at beginning of period | ​ | $ | 2,445 | ​ | $ | 2,482 | ​
Originated mortgage servicing rights | ​ |  | 170 | ​ |  | 67 | ​
Changes in fair value: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Due to changes in model inputs and assumptions (1) | ​ |  | 22 | ​ |  | (198) | ​
Other changes in fair value (2) | ​ |  | (143) | ​ |  | (77) | ​
Total changes in fair value | ​ | ​ | (121) | ​ | ​ | (275) | ​
Balance at end of period | ​ | $ | 2,494 | ​ | $ | 2,274 | ​

(1) | The change in fair value resulting from changes in valuation inputs or assumptions, reported in real estate servicing fees, net, used in the valuation model reflects the change in discount rates and prepayment speed assumptions primarily due to changes in interest rates.

(2) | Other changes in fair value, reported in real estate servicing fees, net, reflect changes due to customer payments and passage of time.

22

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The following key data and assumptions were used in estimating the fair value of the Company’s MSRs as of March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three Months Ended March 31,
​ |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |
Weighted average constant prepayment rate | ​ | 15.04 | % | 15.18 | %
Weighted average note rate | ​ | 3.47 | % | 3.91 | %
Weighted average discount rate | ​ | 7.75 | % | 8.25 | %
Weighted average expected life (in years) | ​ | 5.0 |  | 4.4 | ​

​

​

(6) Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, | ​ | December 31, | ​
(in thousands) | ​ | 2021 |  | 2020 |
Federal funds purchased | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​
Repurchase agreements | ​ |  | 42,018 | ​ |  | 45,154 | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 42,018 | ​ | $ | 45,154 | ​

​

The Company offers a sweep account program whereby amounts in excess of an established limit are “swept” from the customer’s demand deposit account on a daily basis into retail repurchase agreements pursuant to individual repurchase agreements between the Company and its customers. Repurchase agreements are agreements to sell securities subject to an obligation to repurchase the same or similar securities. They are accounted for as collateralized financing transactions, not as sales and purchases of the securities portfolio. The securities collateral pledged for the repurchase agreements with customers is maintained by a designated third party custodian. The collateral amounts pledged to repurchase agreements by remaining maturity in the table below are limited to the outstanding balances of the related asset or liability; thus amounts of excess collateral are not shown.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Repurchase Agreements | ​ | Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
​ |  | Overnight |  | Less |  | Greater |  |  | ​
​ | ​ | and | ​ | than | ​ | than | ​ |  | ​
(in thousands) | ​ | continuous | ​ | 90 days | ​ | 90 days | ​ | Total
At March 31, 2021 |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | ​ | $ | 8,757 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 8,757
Mortgage-backed securities | ​ |  | 33,261 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 33,261
Total | ​ | $ | 42,018 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 42,018
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
At December 31, 2020 | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
U.S. government and federal agency obligations | ​ | $ | 2,728 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 2,728
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | ​ | ​ | 15,533 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 15,533
Mortgage-backed securities | ​ |  | 26,893 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 26,893
Total | ​ | $ | 45,154 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 45,154

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

(7) Leases

The Company's leases primarily consist of office space and bank branches with remaining lease terms of generally 1 to 10 years. As of March 31, 2021, operating right of use (ROU) assets and liabilities were $2.0 million and $2.1 million,

23

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

respectively. As of March 31, 2021, the weighted-average remaining lease term on these operating leases is approximately 7.3 years and the weighted-average discount rate used to measure the lease liabilities is approximately 4.0%.

Operating leases in which the Company is the lessee are recorded as operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities. Currently, the Company does not have any finance leases. The ROU assets are included in premises and equipment, net on the consolidated balance sheets.

Operating lease ROU assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset during the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized at lease commencement based on the present value of the remaining lease payments using a discount rate that represents the Company's incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date.

Operating lease cost, which is comprised of amortization of the ROU asset and the implicit interest accreted on the operating lease liability, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, and is recorded in net occupancy expense in the consolidated statements of income. The operating lease cost was $100,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $86,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

At adoption of ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019, lease and non-lease components of new lease agreements are accounted for separately. Lease components include fixed payments including rent, real estate taxes and insurance costs and non-lease components include common-area maintenance costs. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Operating lease expense for these leases was $13,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $35,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

The table below summarizes the maturity of remaining operating lease liabilities:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Operating
Lease payments due in: | ​ | Lease
(in thousands) | ​ | ​ | ​
2021 (excluding 3 months ending March 31, 2021) |  | $ | 276
2022 |  | ​ | 367
2023 |  | ​ | 366
2024 |  | ​ | 258
2025 |  | ​ | 257
Thereafter | ​ | ​ | 830
Total lease payments | ​ | ​ | 2,354
Less imputed interest | ​ | ​ | (296)
Total lease liabilities, as reported | ​ | $ | 2,058
​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

(8) Income Taxes

Income taxes as a percentage of earnings before income taxes as reported in the consolidated financial statements were 18.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to 15.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2020, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020 was primarily attributable to the increase in earnings. The effective tax rate for each of the three

24

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, is lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to tax-free revenues.

The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income of the appropriate character during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning initiatives in making this assessment. In management's opinion, the Company will more likely than not realize the benefits of its deferred tax assets and, therefore, has not established a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets as of March 31, 2021. Management arrived at this conclusion based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income of the appropriate character over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible.

The Company follows ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, which addresses the accounting for uncertain tax positions. For each of the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, the Company did not have any uncertain tax provisions, and did not record any related tax liabilities.

(9) Stockholders’ Equity

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following details the change in the components of the Company’s accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Accumulated
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Unrecognized Net | ​ | Other
​ | ​ | Unrealized | ​ | Pension and | ​ | Comprehensive
​ | ​ | Gains (Losses) | ​ | Postretirement | ​ | Income
(in thousands) |  | on Securities (1) |  | Costs (2) |  | (Loss)
Balance at beginning of period | ​ | $ | 3,353 | ​ | $ | (1,825) | ​ | $ | 1,528
Other comprehensive income, before reclassifications | ​ |  | (3,518) | ​ |  | 45 | ​ |  | (3,473)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | ​ |  | (2) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (2)
Current period other comprehensive income (loss), before tax | ​ |  | (3,520) | ​ |  | 45 | ​ |  | (3,475)
Income tax benefit (expense) | ​ |  | 740 | ​ |  | (10) | ​ |  | 730
Current period other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | ​ |  | (2,780) | ​ |  | 35 | ​ |  | (2,745)
Balance at end of period | ​ | $ | 573 | ​ | $ | (1,790) | ​ | $ | (1,217)

​

25

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Accumulated
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Unrecognized Net | ​ | Other
​ | ​ | Unrealized | ​ | Pension and | ​ | Comprehensive
​ | ​ | Gains (Losses) | ​ | Postretirement | ​ | Income
(in thousands) |  | on Securities (1) |  | Costs (2) |  | (Loss)
Balance at beginning of period | ​ | $ | (23) | ​ | $ | (3,732) | ​ | $ | (3,755)
Other comprehensive income, before reclassifications | ​ |  | 2,760 | ​ |  | 67 | ​ |  | 2,827
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Current period other comprehensive income, before tax | ​ |  | 2,760 | ​ |  | 67 | ​ |  | 2,827
Income tax expense | ​ |  | (580) | ​ |  | (14) | ​ |  | (594)
Current period other comprehensive income, net of tax | ​ |  | 2,180 | ​ |  | 53 | ​ |  | 2,233
Balance at end of period | ​ | $ | 2,157 | ​ | $ | (3,679) | ​ | $ | (1,522)

(1) | The pre-tax amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are included in investment securities gains (losses), net in the consolidated statements of income.

(2) | The pre-tax amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost.

​

(10) Employee Benefit Plans

Employee Benefits

Employee benefits charged to operating expenses are summarized in the table below for the periods indicated.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Payroll taxes | ​ | $ | 435 | ​ | $ | 389
Medical plans | ​ |  | 450 | ​ |  | 427
401(k) match and profit sharing | ​ | ​ | 499 | ​ | ​ | 306
Periodic pension cost | ​ |  | 416 | ​ |  | 464
Other | ​ |  | 4 | ​ |  | 23
Total employee benefits | ​ | $ | 1,804 | ​ | $ | 1,609

​

The Company’s profit-sharing plan includes a matching 401(k) portion, in which the Company matches the first 3% of eligible employee contributions. The Company makes annual contributions in an amount up to 6% of income before income taxes and before contributions to the profit-sharing and pension plans for all participants, limited to the maximum amount deductible for federal income tax purposes, for each of the periods shown.

Other Plans

On November 7, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted a supplemental executive retirement plan (SERP) which became effective on January 1, 2018. The SERP provides select employees who satisfy certain eligibility requirements with certain benefits upon retirement, termination of employment or death.

26

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

As of March 31, 2021, the accrued liability was $1.1 million and the expense for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was $97,000 and $80,000, respectively, and is recognized over the required service period.

Pension

The Company provides a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan for all full-time eligible employees. Beginning January 1, 2018 and for all retrospective periods presented, the Company adopted the guidance under ASU 2017-07, Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. Under the new guidance, only the service cost component of the net periodic benefit cost is reported in the same income statement line item as salaries and benefits, and the remaining components are reported as other non-interest expense. An employer is required to recognize the funded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan as an asset or liability in its balance sheet and to recognize changes in that funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income. Under the Company’s funding policy for the defined benefit pension plan, contributions are made to a trust as necessary to provide for current service and for any unfunded accrued actuarial liabilities over a reasonable period. To the extent that these requirements are fully covered by assets in the trust, a contribution might not be made in a particular year. The Company made a pension contribution of $1.0 million on March 22, 2021.

Effective July 1, 2017, the Company amended the pension plan to effectuate a “soft freeze” such that no individual hired (or rehired in the case of a former employee) by the Company after September 30, 2017, whether or not such individual is or was a vested member in the plan, will be eligible to be an active member and be entitled to accrue any benefits under the plan.

Components of Net Pension Cost and Other Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The following items are components of net pension cost for the periods indicated:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Pension Benefits | ​
(in thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 | ​
Service cost - benefits earned during the year | ​ | $ | 1,663 | ​ | $ | 1,857 | ​
Interest costs on projected benefit obligations (a) | ​ |  | 1,023 | ​ |  | 1,159 | ​
Expected return on plan assets (a) | ​ |  | (1,825) | ​ |  | (1,572) | ​
Expected administrative expenses (a) | ​ |  | 104 | ​ |  | 110 | ​
Amortization of prior service cost (a) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 50 | ​
Amortization of unrecognized net loss (a) | ​ |  | 181 | ​ |  | 218 | ​
Net periodic pension cost | ​ | $ | 1,146 | ​ | $ | 1,822 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

(a) | The components of net periodic pension cost other than the service cost component are included in other non-interest expense.

Net periodic pension benefit costs include interest costs based on an assumed discount rate, the expected return on plan assets based on actuarially derived market-related values, and the amortization of net actuarial losses. Net periodic postretirement benefit costs include service costs, interest costs based on an assumed discount rate, and the amortization of prior service credits and net actuarial gains. Differences between expected and actual results in each year are included in the net actuarial gain or loss amount, which is recognized in other comprehensive income. The net actuarial gain or loss in excess of a 10% corridor is amortized in net periodic benefit cost over the average remaining service period of active

27

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

participants in the Plans. The prior service credit is amortized over the average remaining service period to full eligibility for participating employees expected to receive benefits.

(11) Earnings per Share

Stock Dividend

On July 1, 2020, the Company paid a special stock dividend of 4% to common shareholders of record at the close of business on June 15, 2020. For all periods presented, share information, including basic and diluted earnings per share, has been adjusted retroactively to reflect this change.

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing income available to shareholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share gives effect to all dilutive potential shares that were outstanding during the year.

Presented below is a summary of the components used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per common share, which have been restated for all stock dividends:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended March 31, | ​
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |
Basic earnings per share: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net income available to shareholders | ​ | $ | 5,839 | ​ | $ | 868 | ​
Average shares outstanding | ​ | ​ | 6,362,869 | ​ | ​ | 6,510,189 | ​
Basic earnings per share | ​ | $ | 0.92 | ​ | $ | 0.13 | ​
Diluted earnings per share: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net income available to shareholders | ​ | $ | 5,839 | ​ | $ | 868 | ​
Average shares outstanding | ​ |  | 6,362,869 | ​ |  | 6,510,189 | ​
Effect of dilutive stock options | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​
Average shares outstanding including dilutive stock options | ​ |  | 6,362,869 | ​ |  | 6,510,189 | ​
Diluted earnings per share | ​ | $ | 0.92 | ​ | ​ | 0.13 | ​

​

Under the treasury stock method, outstanding stock options are dilutive when the average market price of the Company’s common stock, when combined with the effect of any unamortized compensation expense, exceeds the option price during the period, except when the Company has a loss from continuing operations available to shareholders. In addition, proceeds from the assumed exercise of dilutive options along with the related tax benefit are assumed to be used to repurchase common shares at the average market price of such stock during the period. There were no shares for the three months ended March 31, 2021 that were omitted from the computation of diluted earnings per share as a result of being considered anti-dilutive.

Repurchase Program

In 2019, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to $5.0 million market value of the Company's common stock. Management was given discretion to determine the number and pricing of the shares to be purchased, as well as, the timing of any such purchases. During the three months ended March 31, 2021 the Company repurchased 117,632 shares at an average cost of $18.26 per share totaling $2.1 million. As of March 31, 2021, $1.9 million remained available for the repurchase of shares pursuant to the share repurchase authorization.

28

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

(12) Fair Value Measurements

Fair value represents the amount expected to be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in its principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

Depending on the nature of the asset or liability, the Company uses various valuation methodologies and assumptions to estimate fair value. The measurement of fair value under US GAAP uses a hierarchy intended to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. This hierarchy uses three levels of inputs to measure the fair value of assets and liabilities as follows.

The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1 – Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. A quoted price in an active market provides the most reliable evidence of fair value and is used to measure fair value whenever available. A contractually binding sales price also provides reliable evidence of fair value.

Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.

Level 3 – Inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability and significant to the fair value. These may be internally developed using the Company’s best information and assumptions that a market participant would consider.

In accordance with fair value accounting guidance, the Company measures, records, and reports various types of assets and liabilities at fair value on either a recurring or non-recurring basis in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Nonfinancial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis would include foreclosed real estate, long-lived assets, and core deposit intangible assets, which are reviewed when circumstances or other events indicate that impairment may have occurred.

Valuation Methods for Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Following is a description of the Company’s valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis:

Available-for-Sale Securities

The fair value measurements of the Company’s investment securities are determined by a third party pricing service which considers observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things. The fair value measurements are subject to independent verification to another pricing source by management each quarter for reasonableness.

Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are recorded at fair value, with changes in fair value reflected in earnings. The Company uses level 1 inputs to value equity securities that are traded in active markets. Equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values are carried at cost and are periodically assessed for impairment. Equity securities that are not actively traded are classified in level 2.

29

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Mortgage Servicing Rights

The fair value of mortgage servicing rights is based on the discounted value of estimated future cash flows utilizing contractual cash flows, servicing rate, constant prepayment rate, servicing cost, and discount rate factors. Accordingly, the fair value is estimated based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The model incorporates assumptions that market participants use in estimating future net servicing income, including estimates of prepayment speeds, market discount rates, cost to service, float earnings rates, and other ancillary income, including late fees. The valuation models estimate the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The Company classifies its servicing rights as Level 3.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Fair Value Measurements
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Quoted Prices | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | in Active | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Markets for | ​ | Other | ​ | Significant
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Identical | ​ | Observable | ​ | Unobservable
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Assets | ​ | Inputs | ​ | Inputs
(in thousands) |  | Fair Value |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
March 31, 2021 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
U.S. Treasury | ​ | $ | 3,041 | ​ | $ | 3,041 |  | ​ | — |  | $ | —
U.S. government and federal agency obligations | ​ |  | 19,829 | ​ |  | — |  | ​ | 19,829 |  |  | —
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | ​ |  | 22,551 | ​ |  | — |  | ​ | 22,551 |  |  | —
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | ​ |  | 70,818 | ​ |  | — |  | ​ | 70,818 |  |  | —
Mortgage-backed securities | ​ |  | 108,644 | ​ |  | — |  | ​ | 108,644 |  |  | —
Other debt securities | ​ | ​ | 12,023 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 12,023 | ​ | ​ | —
Bank-issued trust preferred securities | ​ | ​ | 1,236 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,236 | ​ | ​ | —
Equity securities | ​ | ​ | 45 | ​ | ​ | 45 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Mortgage servicing rights | ​ |  | 2,494 | ​ |  | — |  | ​ | — |  |  | 2,494
Total | ​ | $ | 240,681 | ​ | $ | 3,086 | ​ | $ | 235,101 |  | $ | 2,494
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
December 31, 2020 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
U.S. Treasury | ​ | $ | 2,798 | ​ | $ | 2,798 |  | ​ | — |  | $ | —
U.S. government and federal agency obligations | ​ |  | 11,929 | ​ |  | — |  | ​ | 11,929 |  |  | —
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | ​ |  | 22,874 | ​ |  | — |  | ​ | 22,874 |  |  | —
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | ​ |  | 58,744 | ​ |  | — |  | ​ | 58,744 |  |  | —
Mortgage-backed securities | ​ |  | 90,112 | ​ |  | — |  | ​ | 90,112 |  |  | —
Other debt securities | ​ | ​ | 10,344 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 10,344 | ​ | ​ | —
Bank-issued trust preferred securities | ​ | ​ | 1,229 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,229 | ​ | ​ | —
Equity securities | ​ | ​ | 32 | ​ | ​ | 32 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Mortgage servicing rights | ​ |  | 2,445 | ​ |  | — |  | ​ | — |  |  | 2,445
Total | ​ | $ | 200,507 | ​ | $ | 2,830 | ​ | $ | 195,232 |  | $ | 2,445

​

30

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Fair Value Measurements Using | ​
​ | ​ | (Level 3) | ​
​ | ​ | Mortgage Servicing Rights | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended March 31, | ​
(in thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |
Balance at beginning of period | ​ | $ | 2,445 | ​ | $ | 2,482 | ​
Total (losses) or gains (realized/unrealized): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Included in earnings | ​ |  | (121) | ​ |  | (275) | ​
Included in other comprehensive income | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​
Purchases | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​
Sales | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​
Issues | ​ |  | 170 | ​ |  | 67 | ​
Settlements | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​
Balance at end of period | ​ | $ | 2,494 | ​ | $ | 2,274 | ​

​

Valuation methods for Assets and Liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

Following is a description of the Company’s valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:

Collateral dependent impaired loans

While the overall loan portfolio is not carried at fair value, the Company periodically records nonrecurring adjustments to the carrying value of loans based on fair value measurements for partial charge-offs of the uncollectible portions of those loans. Nonrecurring adjustments also include certain impairment amounts for collateral dependent loans when establishing the allowance for loan losses. Such amounts are generally based on the fair value of the underlying collateral supporting the loan. In determining the value of real estate collateral, the Company relies on external and internal appraisals of property values depending on the size and complexity of the real estate collateral. The Company maintains staff that is trained to perform in-house evaluations and also review third party appraisal reports for reasonableness. In the case of non-real estate collateral, reliance is placed on a variety of sources, including external estimates of value and judgments based on the experience and expertise of internal specialists. Values of all loan collateral are regularly reviewed by senior loan committee. Because many of these inputs are not observable, the measurements are classified as Level 3. As of March 31, 2021, the Company identified $31.8 million in collateral dependent impaired loans that had specific allowances for losses aggregating $4.7 million. Related to these loans, there were $23,000 in charge-offs recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2021. As of March 31, 2020 the Company identified $5.8 million in collateral dependent impaired loans that had specific allowances for losses aggregating $0.2 million. Related to these loans, there were $55,000 in charge-offs recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Other Real Estate and Foreclosed Assets

Other real estate owned (OREO) and foreclosed assets consisted of loan collateral that has been repossessed through foreclosure. This collateral is comprised of commercial and residential real estate and other non-real estate property, including autos, manufactured homes, and construction equipment. Subsequent to foreclosure, these assets initially are carried at fair value of the collateral less estimated selling costs. Fair value, when recorded, is generally based

31

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

upon appraisals by approved, independent state certified appraisers. Like impaired loans, appraisals on OREO may be discounted based on the Company’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of appraisal or other information available. During the holding period, valuations are updated periodically, and the assets may be written down to reflect a new cost basis. Because many of these inputs are not observable, the measurements are classified as Level 3.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Fair Value Measurements Using
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Quoted Prices | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | in Active | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Markets for | ​ | Other | ​ | Significant | ​ | ​ |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Identical | ​ | Observable | ​ | Unobservable | ​ | ​ |
​ | ​ | Total | ​ | Assets | ​ | Inputs | ​ | Inputs | ​ | Total Gains
(in thousands) |  | Fair Value |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3) |  | (Losses)*
March 31, 2021 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Collateral dependent impaired loans: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Commercial, financial, & agricultural | ​ | $ | 4,188 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 4,188 |  | $ | —
Real estate mortgage - residential | ​ |  | 403 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 403 |  |  | —
Real estate mortgage - commercial | ​ |  | 22,484 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 22,484 |  |  | (23)
Total | ​ | $ | 27,075 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 27,075 |  | $ | (23)
Other real estate and repossessed assets | ​ | $ | 12,140 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 12,140 |  | $ | (73)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
March 31, 2020 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Collateral dependent impaired loans: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Commercial, financial, & agricultural | ​ | $ | 2,422 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 2,422 |  | $ | —
Real estate construction - commercial | ​ |  | 408 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 408 |  |  | —
Real estate mortgage - residential | ​ |  | 1,921 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,921 |  |  | (19)
Real estate mortgage - commercial | ​ |  | 827 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 827 |  |  | (22)
Installment and other consumer | ​ |  | 12 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 12 |  |  | (14)
Total | ​ | $ | 5,590 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 5,590 |  | $ | (55)
Other real estate and repossessed assets | ​ | $ | 12,769 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 12,769 |  | $ | (12)

* | Total losses reported for other real estate and foreclosed assets includes charge-offs, valuation write downs, and net losses taken during the periods reported.

(13) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate such value:

Loans

Fair values are estimated for portfolios with similar financial characteristics. Loans are segregated by type, such as commercial, real estate, and consumer. Each loan category is further segmented into fixed and variable interest rate categories. The fair value of loans, or exit price, is estimated by using the future value of discounted cash flows using comparable market rates for similar types of loan products and adjusted for market factors. The discount rates

32

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

used are estimated using comparable market rates for similar types of loan products adjusted to be commensurate with the credit risk, overhead costs, and optionality of such instruments.

Loans Held for Sale

Loans originated and intended to be sold in the secondary market, generally 1-4 family residential mortgage loans, are carried, in aggregate, at the lower of cost or estimated fair value. The estimated fair value measurements of loans held for sale are management's best estimate of market value, which is primarily based on quoted market prices for similar loans in the secondary market.

Investment Securities

A detailed description of the fair value measurement of the debt instruments in the available-for-sale sections of the investment security portfolio is provided in the Fair Value Measurement section above. A schedule of investment securities by category and maturity is provided in the notes on Investment Securities.

Other investment securities

Other investment securities include equity securities with readily determinable fair values and other investment securities that do not have readily determinable fair values. Investments in Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) stock, and Midwest Independent Bank (MIB) bankers bank stock, that do not have readily determinable fair values, are required for membership in those organizations. Equity securities that are not actively traded are classified in level 2.

Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are recorded at fair value, with changes in fair value reflected in earnings. Equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values are carried at cost and are periodically assessed for impairment. The Company uses level 1 inputs to value equity securities that are traded in active markets.

Federal Funds Sold, Cash, and Due from Banks

The carrying amounts of short-term federal funds sold, interest earning deposits with banks, and cash and due from banks approximate fair value. Federal funds sold classified as short-term generally mature in 90 days or less.

Certificates of Deposit in other banks

Certificates of deposit are other investments made by the Company with other financial institutions that are carried at cost which is equal to fair value.

Cash Surrender Value - Life Insurance

The fair value of Bank owned life insurance (BOLI) approximates the carrying amount. Upon liquidation of these investments, the Company would receive the cash surrender value which equals the carrying amount.

33

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Accrued Interest Receivable and Payable

For accrued interest receivable and payable, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value because of the short maturity for these financial instruments.

Deposits

The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as noninterest-bearing demand, NOW accounts, savings, and money market, is equal to the amount payable on demand. The fair value of time deposits is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rate is estimated using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.

Federal funds purchased and Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase

For Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value, as such instruments reprice in a short time period.

Subordinated Notes and Other Borrowings

The fair value of subordinated notes and other borrowings is based on the discounted value of contractual cash-flows. The discount rate is estimated using the rates currently offered for other borrowed money of similar remaining maturities.

Operating Lease Liabilities

The fair value of operating lease liabilities are recognized at lease commencement based on the present value of the remaining lease payments using a discount rate that represents the Company's incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date.

34

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

A summary of the carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 is as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | March 31, 2021
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Fair Value Measurements
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Quoted Prices | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | in Active | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | Net
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | Markets for |  | Other |  | Significant
​ |  | March 31, 2021 |  | Identical |  | Observable |  | Unobservable
​ |  | Carrying |  | Fair |  | Assets |  | Inputs |  | Inputs
(in thousands) |  | amount |  | value |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
Assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and due from banks | ​ | $ | 18,496 | ​ | $ | 18,496 | ​ | $ | 18,496 | ​ | $ | — |  | $ | —
Federal funds sold and overnight interest-bearing deposits | ​ |  | 128,207 | ​ |  | 128,207 | ​ |  | 128,207 | ​ |  | — |  | ​ | —
Certificates of deposit in other banks | ​ |  | 8,897 | ​ |  | 8,897 | ​ |  | 8,897 | ​ |  | — |  | ​ | —
Available for sale securities | ​ |  | 238,142 | ​ |  | 238,142 | ​ |  | 3,041 | ​ |  | 235,101 |  | ​ | —
Other investment securities | ​ |  | 6,188 | ​ |  | 6,188 | ​ |  | 45 | ​ |  | 6,143 |  | ​ | —
Loans, net | ​ |  | 1,257,824 | ​ |  | 1,283,560 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — |  | ​ | 1,283,560
Loans held for sale | ​ | ​ | 6,308 | ​ | ​ | 6,308 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 6,308
Cash surrender value - life insurance | ​ |  | 2,465 | ​ |  | 2,465 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 2,465 |  | ​ | —
Accrued interest receivable | ​ |  | 6,488 | ​ |  | 6,488 | ​ |  | 6,488 | ​ |  | — |  | ​ | —
Total | ​ | $ | 1,673,015 | ​ | $ | 1,698,751 | ​ | $ | 165,174 | ​ | $ | 243,709 |  | $ | 1,289,868
Liabilities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Deposits: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Non-interest bearing demand | ​ | $ | 431,035 | ​ | $ | 431,035 | ​ | $ | 431,035 | ​ | $ | — |  | $ | —
Savings, interest checking and money market | ​ |  | 708,615 | ​ |  | 708,615 | ​ |  | 708,615 | ​ |  | — |  | ​ | —
Time deposits | ​ |  | 254,332 | ​ |  | 256,047 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — |  | ​ | 256,047
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase | ​ |  | 42,018 | ​ |  | 42,018 | ​ |  | 42,018 | ​ |  | — |  | ​ | —
Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowings | ​ |  | 97,614 | ​ |  | 99,750 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 99,750 |  | ​ | —
Subordinated notes | ​ |  | 49,486 | ​ |  | 41,176 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 41,176 |  | ​ | —
Operating lease liabilities | ​ | ​ | 2,058 | ​ | ​ | 2,058 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 2,058 | ​ | ​ | —
Accrued interest payable | ​ |  | 439 | ​ |  | 439 | ​ |  | 439 | ​ |  | — |  | ​ | —
Total | ​ | $ | 1,585,597 | ​ | $ | 1,581,138 | ​ | $ | 1,182,107 | ​ | $ | 142,984 |  | $ | 256,047

​

35

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2020
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Fair Value Measurements
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Quoted Prices | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | in Active | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | Net
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | Markets for |  | Other |  | Significant
​ | ​ | December 31, 2020 |  | Identical |  | Observable |  | Unobservable
​ |  | Carrying |  | Fair |  | Assets |  | Inputs |  | Inputs
(in thousands) |  | amount |  | value |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
Assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and due from banks | ​ | $ | 19,235 | ​ | $ | 19,235 | ​ | $ | 19,235 | ​ | $ | — |  | $ | —
Federal funds sold and overnight interest-bearing deposits | ​ |  | 161,128 | ​ |  | 161,128 | ​ |  | 161,128 | ​ |  | — |  | ​ | —
Certificates of deposit in other banks | ​ |  | 9,376 | ​ |  | 9,376 | ​ |  | 9,376 | ​ |  | — |  | ​ | —
Available-for-sale securities | ​ |  | 198,030 | ​ |  | 198,030 | ​ |  | 2,798 | ​ |  | 195,232 |  | ​ | —
Other investment securities | ​ |  | 6,353 | ​ |  | 6,353 | ​ |  | 32 | ​ |  | 6,321 |  | ​ | —
Loans, net | ​ |  | 1,268,854 | ​ |  | 1,288,677 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — |  | ​ | 1,288,677
Loans held for sale | ​ | ​ | 5,099 | ​ | ​ | 5,279 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 5,279
Cash surrender value - life insurance | ​ |  | 2,451 | ​ |  | 2,451 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 2,451 |  | ​ | —
Accrued interest receivable | ​ |  | 6,640 | ​ |  | 6,640 | ​ |  | 6,640 | ​ |  | — |  | ​ | —
​ | ​ | $ | 1,677,166 | ​ | $ | 1,697,169 | ​ | $ | 199,209 | ​ | $ | 204,004 |  | $ | 1,293,956
Liabilities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Deposits: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Non-interest bearing demand | ​ | $ | 382,492 | ​ | $ | 382,492 | ​ | $ | 382,492 | ​ | $ | — |  | $ | —
Savings, interest checking and money market | ​ |  | 723,808 | ​ |  | 723,808 | ​ |  | 723,808 | ​ |  | — |  | ​ | —
Time deposits | ​ |  | 277,306 | ​ |  | 279,569 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — |  | ​ | 279,569
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase | ​ |  | 45,154 | ​ |  | 45,154 | ​ |  | 45,154 | ​ |  | — |  | ​ | —
Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowings | ​ |  | 106,674 | ​ |  | 110,121 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 110,121 |  | ​ | —
Subordinated notes | ​ |  | 49,486 | ​ |  | 40,929 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 40,929 |  | ​ | —
Operating lease liabilities | ​ | ​ | 2,137 | ​ | ​ | 2,137 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 2,137 | ​ | ​ | —
Accrued interest payable | ​ |  | 837 | ​ |  | 837 | ​ |  | 837 | ​ |  | — |  | ​ | —
​ | ​ | $ | 1,587,894 | ​ | $ | 1,585,047 | ​ | $ | 1,152,291 | ​ | $ | 153,187 |  | $ | 279,569

​

Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments

The fair value of commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements, the likelihood of the counterparties drawing on such financial instruments, and the present creditworthiness of such counterparties. The Company believes such commitments have been made on terms that are competitive in the markets in which it operates.

Limitations

The fair value estimates provided are made at a point in time based on market information and information about the financial instruments. Because no market exists for a portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and

36

HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the fair value estimates.

(14) Commitments and Contingencies

The Company issues financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business of meeting the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments may involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company’s extent of involvement and maximum potential exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of these instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for financial instruments included on its consolidated balance sheets. At March 31, 2021, no amounts have been accrued for any estimated losses for these financial instruments.

The contractual amount of off-balance-sheet financial instruments were as follows as of the dates indicated:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | March 31, | ​ | December 31,
(in thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Commitments to extend credit | ​ | $ | 350,465 | ​ | $ | 264,528
Commitments to originate residential first and second mortgage loans | ​ |  | 50,340 | ​ |  | 51,270
Standby letters of credit | ​ |  | 20,810 | ​ |  | 125,800
Total | ​ | ​ | 421,615 | ​ | ​ | 441,598

​

Commitments

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since certain of the commitments and letters of credit are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, furniture and equipment, and real estate.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. These standby letters of credit are primarily issued to support contractual obligations of the Company’s customers. The approximate remaining term of standby letters of credit range from one month to five years at March 31, 2021.

Pending Litigation

The Company and its subsidiaries are defendants in various legal actions incidental to the Company’s past and current business activities. Based on the Company’s analysis, and considering the inherent uncertainties associated with litigation, management does not believe that it is reasonably possible that these legal actions will materially adversely affect the Company’s consolidated financial condition or results of operations in the near term. The Company records a loss accrual for all legal matters for which it deems a loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated. Some legal matters, which are at early stages in the legal process, have not yet progressed to the point where a loss is deemed probable or an amount can be estimated.

​

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Item 2 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains certain forward-looking statements with respect to the financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance and business of the Company, Hawthorn Bancshares, Inc., and its subsidiaries, including, without limitation:

| ● | statements that are not historical in nature, and

| ● | statements preceded by, followed by or that include the words believes, expects, may, will, should, could, anticipates, estimates, intends, plans, hopes or similar expressions.

Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance or results. They involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements due to, among others, the following factors:

| ● | competitive pressures among financial services companies may increase significantly,

| ● | changes in the interest rate environment may reduce interest margins,

| ● | general economic conditions, either nationally or in Missouri, may be less favorable than expected and may adversely affect the quality of our loans and other assets,

| ● | increases in non-performing assets in the Company’s loan portfolios and adverse economic conditions may necessitate increases to our provisions for loan losses,

| ● | costs or difficulties related to any integration of any business of the Company and its acquisition targets may be greater than expected,

| ● | legislative, regulatory or tax law changes may adversely affect the business in which the Company and its subsidiaries are engaged,

| ● | changes may occur in the securities markets and,

| ● | effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, or other adverse external events.

We have described under the caption Risk Factors in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, and in other reports filed with the SEC from time to time, additional factors that could cause actual results to be materially different from those described in the forward-looking statements. Other factors that have not been identified in this report could also have this effect. You are cautioned not to put undue reliance on any forward-looking statement, which speak only as of the date they were made.

Overview

Crucial to the Company’s community banking strategy is growth in its commercial banking services, retail mortgage lending and retail banking services. Through the branch network of its subsidiary bank, the Company, with $1.7 billion in assets at March 31, 2021, provides a broad range of commercial and personal banking services. The Bank’s specialties include commercial banking for small and mid-sized businesses, including equipment, operating, commercial real estate, Small Business Administration (SBA) loans, and personal banking services including real estate mortgage lending, installment and consumer loans, certificates of deposit, individual retirement and other time deposit accounts, checking accounts, savings accounts, and money market accounts. Other financial services that the Company provides include trust services that include estate planning, investment and asset management services and a comprehensive suite of cash management services. The geographic areas in which the Company provides products and services include the Missouri communities in and surrounding Jefferson City, Columbia, Clinton, Warsaw, Springfield, St. Louis, and the greater Kansas City metropolitan area.

The Company’s primary source of revenue is net interest income derived primarily from lending and deposit taking activities. Much of the Company’s business is commercial, commercial real estate development, and residential mortgage

38

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lending. The Company’s income from mortgage brokerage activities is directly dependent on mortgage rates and the level of home purchases and refinancing activity.

The success of the Company’s growth strategy depends primarily on the ability of its banking subsidiary to generate an increasing level of loans and deposits at acceptable risk levels and on acceptable terms without significant increases in non-interest expenses relative to revenues generated. The Company’s financial performance also depends, in part, on its ability to manage various portfolios and to successfully introduce additional financial products and services by expanding new and existing customer relationships, utilizing improved technology, and enhancing customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the success of the Company’s growth strategy depends on its ability to maintain sufficient regulatory capital levels during periods in which general economic conditions are unfavorable and despite economic conditions being beyond its control.

The Company’s subsidiary bank is a full-service bank conducting a general banking business, offering its customers checking and savings accounts, debit cards, certificates of deposit, safety deposit boxes and a wide range of lending services, including commercial and industrial loans, residential real estate loans, single payment personal loans, installment loans and credit card accounts. In addition, the Bank provides trust services.

The deposit accounts of the Bank are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to the extent provided by law. The operations of the Bank are supervised and regulated by the FDIC and the Missouri Division of Finance. Periodic examinations of the Bank are conducted by representatives of the FDIC and the Missouri Division of Finance. Such regulations, supervision and examinations are principally for the benefit of depositors, rather than for the benefit of shareholders. The Company is subject to supervision and examination by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

Significant Developments and Transactions

Each item listed below materially affects the comparability of our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, and our financial condition as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, and may affect the comparability of financial information we report in future fiscal periods.

Impact of COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictive measures taken by governments, businesses and individuals caused unprecedented uncertainty, volatility and disruption in financial markets and in governmental, commercial and consumer activity in the United States and globally, including the markets that we serve. As the restrictive measures have been eased during 2020 and into 2021, the U.S. economy has begun to recover and with the availability and distribution of a COVID-19 vaccine, we anticipate continued improvements in commercial and consumer activity and the U.S. economy. As of June 16, 2020, the governor of Missouri rescinded all COVID-19 related statewide public health orders. He announced it would be the responsibility of local officials to put further measures and regulations in place.

Effects on Our Market Areas. Our commercial and consumer banking products and services are delivered primarily in Missouri, where individual and governmental responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have led to a broad curtailment of economic activity While positive headwinds exist, we recognize that our business and consumer customers are experiencing varying degrees of financial distress, which is expected to continue into the second quarter of 2021, especially if new COVID-19 variant infections increase and new economic restrictions are mandated. Commercial activity has improved, but has not returned to the levels existing prior to the outbreak of the pandemic, which may result in our customers’ inability to meet their loan obligations to us. In addition, the economic pressures and uncertainties related to the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in changes in consumer spending behaviors, which may negatively impact the demand for loans and other services we offer. Our borrowing base includes customers in industries hotel/lodging, restaurants, entertainment, retail and commercial real estate, all of which have been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. We recognize that these industries may take longer to recover as consumers may be hesitant to return to full social interaction or may change their spending habits on a more permanent basis as a result of the pandemic. We continue to monitor these customers closely.

​

39

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Effects on Our Business. The COVID-19 pandemic and the specific developments referred to above will continue to have a significant impact on our business. In particular, we anticipate that a significant portion of the Bank’s borrowers in the hotel, restaurant, gaming, long-term healthcare and retail industries will continue to endure significant economic distress, which has caused, and will continue to cause, them to draw on their existing lines of credit and adversely affect their ability to repay existing indebtedness. These developments, together with economic conditions generally, are also expected to impact our commercial real estate portfolio, particularly with respect to real estate with exposure to these industries, our consumer loan business and loan portfolio, and the value of certain collateral securing our loans.

The Company continues to lend to qualified consumer and commercial customers. We continue to participate in the SBA’s Small Business Paycheck Protection Program. As of March 31, 2021 the net balance of the PPP loans totaled $56.3 million.

As provided for by the CARES Act, the Company offered payment modifications to borrowers. At March 31, 2021, $72.8 million, or 5.7% of total loans, remained in some form of a modification. These loan modifications include $28.1 million, or 38.5%, on interest only, $39.6 million, or 54.5%, on full deferral and $5.1 million, or 7.0%, with extended amortization.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The following accounting policies are considered most critical to the understanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. These critical accounting policies require management’s most difficult, subjective and complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain. Because these estimates and judgments are based on current circumstances, they may change over time or prove to be inaccurate based on actual experiences. In the event that different assumptions or conditions were to prevail, and depending upon the severity of such changes, the possibility of a materially different financial condition and/or results of operations could reasonably be expected. The impact and any associated risks related to the critical accounting policies on the business operations are discussed throughout Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, where such policies affect the reported and expected financial results.

Allowance for Loan Losses

Management has identified the accounting policy related to the allowance for loan losses as critical to the understanding of the Company’s results of operations, since the application of this policy requires significant management assumptions and estimates that could result in materially different amounts to be reported if conditions or underlying circumstances were to change. Further discussion of the methodology used in establishing the allowance and the impact of any associated risks related to these policies on the Company’s business operations is provided in note 1 to the Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements and is also discussed in the Lending and Credit Management section below. Many of the loans are deemed collateral dependent for purposes of the measurement of the impairment loss, thus the fair value of the underlying collateral and sensitivity of such fair values due to changing market conditions, supply and demand, condition of the collateral and other factors can be volatile over periods of time. Such volatility can have an impact on the financial performance of the Company.

​

40

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SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

The following table presents selected consolidated financial information for the Company as of and for each of the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company, including the related notes, presented elsewhere herein.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Selected Financial Data | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Three Months Ended | ​
​ |  | March 31, | ​
(In thousands, except per share data) |  |  | 2021 | ​ |  | 2020 | ​
Per Share Data | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic earnings per share |  | $ | 0.92 | ​ | $ | 0.13 | ​
Diluted earnings per share | ​ | ​ | 0.92 | ​ | ​ | 0.13 | ​
Cash dividends paid on common stock | ​ | ​ | 842 | ​ | ​ | 753 | ​
Book value per share | ​ | ​ | 20.54 | ​ | ​ | 17.92 | ​
Market price per share | ​ | ​ | 21.29 | ​ | ​ | 17.64 | ​
Selected Ratios | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(Based on average balance sheets) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Return on total assets | ​ | ​ | 1.38 | % | ​ | 0.23 | %
Return on stockholders' equity | ​ | ​ | 18.03 | % | ​ | 2.97 | %
Stockholders' equity to total assets | ​ | ​ | 7.64 | % | ​ | 7.80 | %
Efficiency ratio (1) | ​ | ​ | 61.86 | % | ​ | 70.80 | %
Net interest spread | ​ | ​ | 3.44 | % | ​ | 3.28 | %
Net interest margin | ​ | ​ | 3.62 | % | ​ | 3.55 | %
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(Based on end-of-period data) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Stockholders' equity to assets | ​ | ​ | 7.55 | % | ​ | 7.64 | %
Total risk-based capital ratio | ​ | ​ | 14.80 | % | ​ | 14.80 | %
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio | ​ | ​ | 13.21 | % | ​ | 12.81 | %
Common equity Tier 1 capital | ​ | ​ | 9.93 | % | ​ | 9.64 | %
Tier 1 leverage ratio (2) | ​ | ​ | 10.22 | % | ​ | 10.43 | %

(1) | Efficiency ratio is calculated as non-interest expense as a percentage of revenue. Total revenue includes net interest income and non-interest income.

(2) | Tier 1 leverage ratio is calculated by dividing Tier 1 capital by average total consolidated assets.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS ANALYSIS

The Company has prepared all of the consolidated financial information in this report in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP). In preparing the consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, the Company makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported

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amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. There can be no assurances that actual results will not differ from those estimates.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |
Net interest income | ​ | $ | 14,390 | ​ | $ | 12,526 | ​ | $ | 1,864 | ​ | ​ | 14.9 | %
Provision for loan losses | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 3,300 | ​ |  | (3,300) | ​ |  | (100.0) | ​
Non-interest income | ​ |  | 4,443 | ​ |  | 2,291 | ​ |  | 2,152 | ​ |  | 93.9 | ​
Investment securities gains (losses), net | ​ | ​ | 14 | ​ | ​ | (1) | ​ | ​ | 15 | ​ | ​ | 100.0 | ​
Non-interest expense | ​ |  | 11,651 | ​ |  | 10,491 | ​ |  | 1,160 | ​ |  | 11.1 | ​
Income before income taxes | ​ |  | 7,196 | ​ |  | 1,025 | ​ |  | 6,171 | ​ |  | 602.0 | ​
Income tax expense | ​ |  | 1,357 | ​ |  | 157 | ​ |  | 1,200 | ​ |  | 764.3 | ​
Net income | ​ | $ | 5,839 | ​ | $ | 868 | ​ | $ | 4,971 | ​ | ​ | 572.7 | %

NM = not meaningful

Consolidated net income of $5.8 million, or $0.92 per diluted share, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 increased $5.0 million compared to $.9 million, or $0.13 per diluted share, for the three months ended March 31, 2020. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the return on average assets was 1.38%, the return on average stockholders’ equity was 18.03%, and the efficiency ratio was 61.9%.

Net interest income was $14.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $12.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The net interest margin (expressed on a fully taxable equivalent basis) increased to 3.62% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to 3.55% for the three months ended March 31, 2020. These changes are discussed in greater detail under the Average Balance Sheets and Rate and Volume Analysis section below.

No provision for loan losses was required for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to a $3.3 million provision for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The decreased provision in the first quarter of 2021 compared to the first quarter of 2020 resulted primarily from the impact of net recoveries and improvement in the economic outlook as the economy begins to recover from the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The provision in the first quarter of 2020 was primarily due to current economic conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Company’s net loan recoveries were $248,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to net loan charge-offs of $84,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Non-performing loans totaled $34.2 million, or 2.68% of total loans, at March 31, 2021 compared to $34.6 million, or 2.69% of total loans, at December 31, 2020, and $8.1 million, or 0.68% of total loans, at March 31, 2020. These changes are discussed in greater detail under the Lending and Credit Management section below.

Non-interest income increased $2.2 million, or 93.9%, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020. These changes are discussed in greater detail under the Non-interest Income and Expense section below.

Investment securities gains, net The Company recognized net securities gains, which include the unrealized net gains related to equity securities, of $14,000 for the three months March 31, 2021 compared to net securities losses of $1,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020. These changes are discussed in greater detail under Investment securities gains, net section below.

Non-interest expense increased $1.2 million, or 11.1%, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020. These changes are discussed in greater detail under the Non-interest Income and Expense section below.

​

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Average Balance Sheets

Net interest income is the largest source of revenue resulting from the Company’s lending, investing, borrowing, and deposit gathering activities. It is affected by both changes in the level of interest rates and changes in the amounts and mix of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities. The following table presents average balance sheets, net interest income, average yields of earning assets, average costs of interest bearing liabilities, net interest spread and net interest margin on a fully taxable equivalent basis for each of the periods ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended March 31, | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 2021 | ​ | 2020 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Interest | ​ | Rate | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Interest | ​ | Rate | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Income/ | ​ | Earned/ | ​ | Average | ​ | Income/ | ​ | Earned/ | ​ | ​
(In thousands) |  | Balance |  | Expense(1) |  | Paid(1) |  | Balance |  | Expense(1) |  | Paid(1) | ​ | ​
ASSETS | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Loans: (2) (3) | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Commercial | ​ | $ | 257,623 | ​ | $ | 4,159 | ​ | 6.55 | % | $ | 199,082 | ​ | $ | 2,570 | ​ | 5.19 | % | ​
Real estate construction - residential | ​ | ​ | 33,492 | ​ | ​ | 394 | ​ | 4.77 | ​ | ​ | 23,467 | ​ | ​ | 323 | ​ | 5.54 | ​ | ​
Real estate construction - commercial | ​ | ​ | 78,578 | ​ | ​ | 878 | ​ | 4.53 | ​ | ​ | 85,573 | ​ | ​ | 1,108 | ​ | 5.21 | ​ | ​
Real estate mortgage - residential | ​ | ​ | 260,040 | ​ | ​ | 2,841 | ​ | 4.43 | ​ | ​ | 250,757 | ​ | ​ | 3,132 | ​ | 5.02 | ​ | ​
Real estate mortgage - commercial |  | ​ | 621,877 |  | ​ | 6,600 |  | 4.30 |  | ​ | 573,133 |  | ​ | 7,005 |  | 4.92 |  | ​
Installment and other consumer |  | ​ | 25,992 |  | ​ | 265 |  | 4.13 |  | ​ | 31,441 |  | ​ | 357 |  | 4.57 |  | ​
Total loans | ​ | $ | 1,277,602 | ​ | $ | 15,137 |  | 4.81 | % | $ | 1,163,453 | ​ | $ | 14,495 |  | 5.01 | % | ​
Loans held for sale | ​ | $ | 5,500 | ​ | $ | 25 | ​ | 1.84 | % | $ | 1,892 | ​ | $ | 5 | ​ | 1.06 | % | ​
Investment securities: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ | ​
U.S. Treasury | ​ | $ | 3,006 | ​ | $ | 8 |  | 1.08 | % | $ | 758 | ​ | $ | 4 |  | 2.12 | % | ​
U.S. government and federal agency obligations | ​ |  | 38,605 | ​ |  | 146 |  | 1.53 | ​ |  | 37,167 | ​ |  | 195 |  | 2.11 | ​ | ​
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | ​ |  | 61,456 | ​ |  | 452 |  | 2.98 | ​ |  | 36,785 | ​ |  | 270 |  | 2.95 | ​ | ​
Mortgage-backed securities | ​ |  | 101,101 | ​ |  | 338 |  | 1.36 | ​ |  | 104,029 | ​ |  | 525 |  | 2.03 | ​ | ​
Other debt securities | ​ | ​ | 11,539 | ​ |  | 143 |  | 5.03 | ​ |  | 4,402 | ​ |  | 60 |  | 5.48 | ​ | ​
Total investment securities | ​ | $ | 215,707 | ​ | $ | 1,087 |  | 2.04 | % | $ | 183,141 | ​ | $ | 1,054 |  | 2.31 | % | ​
Other investment securities | ​ |  | 5,982 | ​ |  | 83 |  | 5.63 | ​ |  | 6,253 | ​ |  | 100 |  | 6.43 | ​ | ​
Federal funds sold and interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions | ​ |  | 149,325 | ​ |  | 102 |  | 0.28 | ​ |  | 82,215 | ​ |  | 325 |  | 1.59 | ​ | ​
Total interest earning assets | ​ | $ | 1,654,116 | ​ | $ | 16,434 |  | 4.03 | % | $ | 1,436,954 | ​ | $ | 15,979 |  | 4.47 | % | ​
All other assets | ​ |  | 84,733 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 83,136 | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ | ​
Allowance for loan losses | ​ |  | (18,466) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | (12,584) | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ | ​
Total assets | ​ | $ | 1,720,383 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,507,506 | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ | ​
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ | ​
NOW accounts | ​ | $ | 231,312 | ​ | $ | 138 |  | 0.24 | % | $ | 185,642 | ​ | $ | 290 |  | 0.63 | % | ​
Savings | ​ |  | 142,735 | ​ |  | 12 |  | 0.03 | ​ |  | 100,862 | ​ |  | 22 |  | 0.09 | ​ | ​
Interest checking | ​ | ​ | 61,521 | ​ | ​ | 76 | ​ | 0.50 | ​ | ​ | 47,295 | ​ | ​ | 173 | ​ | 1.47 | ​ | ​
Money market | ​ |  | 279,234 | ​ |  | 83 |  | 0.12 | ​ |  | 270,520 | ​ |  | 462 |  | 0.69 | ​ | ​
Time deposits | ​ |  | 267,047 | ​ |  | 671 |  | 1.02 | ​ |  | 323,103 | ​ |  | 1,165 |  | 1.45 | ​ | ​
Total interest bearing deposits | ​ | $ | 981,849 | ​ | $ | 980 |  | 0.40 | % | $ | 927,422 | ​ | $ | 2,112 |  | 0.92 | % | ​
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase | ​ |  | 41,507 | ​ |  | 26 |  | 0.25 | ​ |  | 26,290 | ​ |  | 37 |  | 0.57 | ​ | ​
Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowings | ​ |  | 98,152 | ​ |  | 396 |  | 1.64 | ​ |  | 108,031 | ​ |  | 632 |  | 2.35 | ​ | ​
Subordinated notes | ​ |  | 49,486 | ​ |  | 310 |  | 2.54 | ​ |  | 49,486 | ​ |  | 501 |  | 4.07 | ​ | ​
Total borrowings | ​ | $ | 189,145 | ​ | $ | 732 |  | 1.57 | % | $ | 183,807 | ​ | $ | 1,170 |  | 2.56 | % | ​
Total interest bearing liabilities | ​ | $ | 1,170,994 | ​ | $ | 1,712 |  | 0.59 | % | $ | 1,111,229 | ​ | $ | 3,282 |  | 1.19 | % | ​
Demand deposits | ​ |  | 399,429 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 261,244 | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ | ​
Other liabilities | ​ |  | 18,601 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 17,433 | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ | ​
Total liabilities | ​ |  | 1,589,024 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 1,389,906 | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ | ​
Stockholders' equity | ​ |  | 131,359 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 117,600 | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ | ​
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | ​ | $ | 1,720,383 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,507,506 | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ | ​
Net interest income (FTE) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 14,722 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 12,697 |  |  | ​ | ​
Net interest spread | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 3.44 | % | ​ | ​ | ​ |  |  |  | 3.28 | % | ​
Net interest margin | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 3.62 | % | ​ | ​ | ​ |  |  |  | 3.55 | % | ​

(1) | Interest income and yields are presented on a fully taxable equivalent basis using the federal statutory income tax rate of 21%, net of nondeductible interest expense, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. Such adjustments totaled $332,000 and $171,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

(2) | Non-accruing loans are included in the average amounts outstanding.

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(3) | Fees and costs on loans are included in interest income. ($1.5 million of PPP fees were included in commercial loan income for the three months ended March 31, 2021)

Rate and Volume Analysis

The following table summarizes the changes in net interest income on a fully taxable equivalent basis, by major category of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities, identifying changes related to volumes and rates for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020. The change in interest due to the combined rate/volume variance has been allocated to rate and volume changes in proportion to the absolute dollar amounts of change in each.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended March 31, | ​
​ |  | 2021 vs. 2020 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | Change due to | ​
​ |  | Total |  | Average |  | Average |
(In thousands) |  | Change |  | Volume |  | Rate |
Interest income on a fully taxable equivalent basis: (1) |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Loans: (2) (3) |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Commercial | ​ | $ | 1,589 | ​ | $ | 858 | ​ | $ | 731 | ​
Real estate construction - residential | ​ |  | 71 | ​ |  | 123 | ​ |  | (52) | ​
Real estate construction - commercial | ​ |  | (230) | ​ |  | (86) | ​ |  | (144) | ​
Real estate mortgage - residential | ​ |  | (291) | ​ |  | 113 | ​ |  | (404) | ​
Real estate mortgage - commercial | ​ |  | (405) | ​ |  | 565 | ​ |  | (970) | ​
Installment and other consumer | ​ |  | (92) | ​ |  | (58) | ​ |  | (34) | ​
Loans held for sale | ​ | ​ | 20 | ​ | ​ | 15 | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​
Investment securities: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
U.S. Treasury | ​ |  | 4 | ​ |  | 7 | ​ |  | (3) | ​
U.S. government and federal agency obligations | ​ |  | (49) | ​ |  | 8 | ​ |  | (57) | ​
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | ​ |  | 182 | ​ |  | 181 | ​ |  | 1 | ​
Mortgage-backed securities | ​ |  | (187) | ​ |  | (15) | ​ |  | (172) | ​
Other debt securities | ​ |  | 83 | ​ |  | 89 | ​ |  | (6) | ​
Other investment securities | ​ | ​ | (17) | ​ |  | (4) | ​ |  | (13) | ​
Federal funds sold and interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions | ​ |  | (223) | ​ |  | 156 | ​ |  | (379) | ​
Total interest income | ​ |  | 455 | ​ |  | 1,952 | ​ |  | (1,497) | ​
Interest expense: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
NOW accounts | ​ |  | (152) | ​ |  | 58 | ​ |  | (210) | ​
Savings | ​ |  | (10) | ​ |  | 7 | ​ |  | (17) | ​
Interest checking | ​ |  | (97) | ​ |  | 41 | ​ |  | (138) | ​
Money market | ​ |  | (379) | ​ |  | 15 | ​ |  | (394) | ​
Time deposits | ​ |  | (494) | ​ |  | (180) | ​ |  | (314) | ​
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase | ​ |  | (11) | ​ |  | 15 | ​ |  | (26) | ​
Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowings | ​ |  | (236) | ​ |  | (54) | ​ |  | (182) | ​
Subordinated notes | ​ |  | (191) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (191) | ​
Total interest expense | ​ |  | (1,570) | ​ |  | (98) | ​ |  | (1,472) | ​
Net interest income on a fully taxable equivalent basis | ​ | $ | 2,025 | ​ | $ | 2,050 | ​ | $ | (25) | ​

(1) | Interest income and yields are presented on a fully taxable equivalent basis using the Federal statutory income tax rate of 21%, net of nondeductible interest expense, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. Such adjustments totaled $332,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $171,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

(2) | Non-accruing loans are included in the average amounts outstanding.

(3) | Fees and costs on loans are included in interest income. ($1.5 million of PPP fees were included in commercial loan income for the three months ended March 31, 2021)

Financial results for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020, reflected an increase in net interest income, on a tax equivalent basis, of $2.0 million, or 15.6%. Measured as a percentage of average earning assets, the net interest margin (expressed on a fully taxable equivalent basis) increased to 3.62% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to 3.55% for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Net interest income and

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net interest margin increased primarily due to an increase in average earning assets and a decrease in rates paid on average interest bearing liabilities in the three month comparative periods.

Average interest-earning assets increased $217.2 million, or 15.1%, to $1.65 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $1.44 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Total interest income (expressed on a fully taxable equivalent basis) was $16.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $16.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The Company’s rates earned on interest earning assets were 4.03% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to 4.47% for the three March 31, 2020.

Interest income on loans held for investment was $15.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $14.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Average loans outstanding increased $114.1 million, or 9.8%, to $1.27 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $1.16 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The average yield on loans decreased to 4.81% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to 5.01% for the three months ended March 31, 2020. See the Lending and Credit Management section for further discussion of changes in the composition of the lending portfolio.

Interest income on available-for-sale securities was $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Average securities increased $32.6 million, or 17.8%, to $215.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $183.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The average yield on securities decreased to 2.04% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to 2.31% for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Management plans to grow the investment portfolio to $300.0 million by the end of 2021. See the Liquidity Management section for further discussion.

Total interest expense decreased to $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The Company’s rates paid on interest bearing liabilities were 0.59% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to 1.19% for the three months ended March 31, 2020. See the Liquidity Management section for further discussion.

Interest expense on deposits decreased to $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Average interest bearing deposits increased $54.4 million, or 5.9%, to $981.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $927.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The average cost of deposits decreased to 0.40% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to 0.92% for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Although offering rates remain low in response to lower market interest rates, growth in deposits was positively impacted in part by customers who deposited both economic stimulus payments and PPP loan proceeds.

Interest expense on borrowings was $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Average borrowings increased to $189.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $183.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The average cost of borrowings decreased to 1.57% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to 2.56% for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The decrease in cost of funds primarily resulted from lower market interest rates.

The increase in average borrowings during 2020 was primarily due to an increase in FHLB advances to fund liquidity needs as refinancing activity increased when rates dropped during the first quarter of 2020. This in turn was offset beginning in April of 2020 when the Company had an increase in liquidity due to participation in the CARES Act economic stimulus programs. The Company experienced significant deposit growth primarily due to stimulus checks, proceeds from

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PPP loan funding, deferral of income tax payments, and customers holding on to savings due to uncertain times and has been repaying these advances as they come due since May of 2020. See the Liquidity Management section for further discussion.

Non-interest income and expense

Non-interest income for the periods indicated was as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended March 31, | ​
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |
Non-interest income |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  |  | ​ |  | ​
Service charges and other fees | ​ | $ | 739 | ​ | $ | 799 | ​ | $ | (60) | ​ | ​ | (7.5) | %
Bank card income and fees | ​ |  | 860 | ​ |  | 693 | ​ |  | 167 | ​ |  | 24.1 | ​
Trust department income | ​ |  | 294 | ​ |  | 379 | ​ |  | (85) | ​ |  | (22.4) | ​
Real estate servicing fees, net | ​ |  | 73 | ​ |  | (87) | ​ |  | 160 | ​ |  | (183.9) | ​
Gain on sales of mortgage loans, net | ​ |  | 2,469 | ​ |  | 419 | ​ |  | 2,050 | ​ |  | 489.3 | ​
Other | ​ |  | 8 | ​ |  | 88 | ​ |  | (80) | ​ |  | (90.9) | ​
Total non-interest income | ​ | $ | 4,443 | ​ | $ | 2,291 | ​ | $ | 2,152 | ​ | ​ | 93.9 | %
Non-interest income as a % of total revenue * | ​ |  | 23.6 | % |  | 15.5 | % |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​

* | Total revenue is calculated as net interest income plus non-interest income.

Total non-interest income increased $2.2 million, or 93.9%, to $4.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Service charges and fees decreased $60,000, or 7.5%, to $739,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $799,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The decrease in fees was primarily due to a refund of service fees issued during the first quarter of 2021.

Real estate servicing fees, net of the change in valuation of mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) increased $160,000 to $73,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $(87,000) for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Mortgage loan servicing fees earned on loans sold were $193,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $188,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The current quarter's MSR valuation increased $22,000 from the prior linked quarter primarily due to decreased prepayment assumptions. The dramatic drop in market interest rates created an economic incentive for borrowers to refinance their existing home mortgage loans during 2020 that has slowed down in 2021.

The Company was servicing $288.9 million of mortgage loans at March 31, 2021 compared to $292.7 million and $270.6 million at December 31, 2020 and March 31, 2020, respectively.

Gain on sales of mortgage loans increased $2.1 million to $2.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company focused on creation and development of a new mortgage loan department and began offering new mortgage loan products in addition to Freddie and Fannie loans that are sold to the secondary market. The Company sold $66.3 million of loans for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $13.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Other Income decreased $80,000, or 90.9%, to $8,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $88,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The decrease resulted from an increase in net losses on sales of other real estate owned and net losses on disposal of fixed assets, and a reduction in rent received on foreclosed properties. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in brokerage income.

​

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The following table presents the gross realized gains and losses from sales and calls of available-for-sale securities, as well as gains and losses on equity securities from fair value adjustments which have been recognized in earnings:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Three Months Ended March 31, | ​
(in thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |
Investment securities gains (losses), net |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​
Available for sale securities: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​
Gross realized gains | ​ | $ | 2 | ​ | $ | — | ​
Gross realized losses | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​
Other-than-temporary impairment recognized | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​
Other investment securities: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Fair value adjustments, net | ​ |  | 12 | ​ |  | (1) | ​
Investment securities gains (losses), net | ​ | $ | 14 | ​ | $ | (1) | ​

​

Non-interest expense for the periods indicated was as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended March 31, | ​
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |
Non-interest expense |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​
Salaries | ​ | $ | 5,342 | ​ | $ | 4,512 | ​ | $ | 830 | ​ | 18.4 | %
Employee benefits | ​ |  | 1,804 | ​ |  | 1,609 | ​ |  | 195 | ​ | 12.1 | ​
Occupancy expense, net | ​ |  | 771 | ​ |  | 766 | ​ |  | 5 | ​ | 0.7 | ​
Furniture and equipment expense | ​ |  | 744 | ​ |  | 750 | ​ |  | (6) | ​ | (0.8) | ​
Processing, network and bank card expense | ​ |  | 1,007 | ​ |  | 976 | ​ |  | 31 | ​ | 3.2 | ​
Legal, examination, and professional fees | ​ |  | 404 | ​ |  | 367 | ​ |  | 37 | ​ | 10.1 | ​
Advertising and promotion | ​ |  | 243 | ​ |  | 249 | ​ |  | (6) | ​ | (2.4) | ​
Postage, printing, and supplies | ​ |  | 204 | ​ |  | 241 | ​ |  | (37) | ​ | (15.4) | ​
Loan expense | ​ | ​ | 174 | ​ | ​ | 123 | ​ | ​ | 51 | ​ | 41.5 | ​
Other | ​ |  | 958 | ​ |  | 898 | ​ |  | 60 | ​ | 6.7 | ​
Total non-interest expense | ​ | $ | 11,651 | ​ | $ | 10,491 | ​ | $ | 1,160 | ​ | 11.1 | %
Efficiency ratio* | ​ |  | 61.9 | % |  | 70.8 | % | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Number of full-time equivalent employees | ​ |  | 304 | ​ |  | 303 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

* | Efficiency ratio is calculated as non-interest expense as a percent of revenue. Total revenue includes net interest income and non-interest income.

Total non-interest expense increased $1.2 million, or 11.1%, to $11.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $10.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Salaries increased $0.8 million, or 18.4%, to $5.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $4.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The increases were primarily due to adding additional personnel to the new mortgage loan department. In addition, annual merit increases average approximately 4.0% each year and are awarded in the first quarter of each year.

Employee benefits increased $0.2 million, or 12.1%, to $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The increases were primarily due to an increase in 401(k) plan contributions and payroll taxes, partially offset by a decrease in pension cost due to higher annual discount rate assumptions compared to the prior year's annual assumptions.

Legal, examination, and professional fees increased $37,000, or 10.1%, to $404,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $367,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020. These increases are primarily related to an increase in audit expenses related to subsidiaries and professional fees related to a new investment adviser, partially offset by a decrease in legal fees.

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Postage, printing, and supplies decreased $37,000, or 15.4%, to $204,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $241,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020. These decreases are primarily related to savings in stationary and supplies purchases and check printing expenses related to switching vendors.

Loan expense increased $51,000, or 41.5%, to $174,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $123,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The increases were primarily related to increases in real estate loan expenses due to the growth in loan volume sold to the secondary market.

Other non-interest expense increased $60,000, or 6.7%, to $958,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $898,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The increases were primarily related to an increase in the FDIC assessment expense and software expense due to new mortgage loan software, partially offset by a decrease in the pension net interest cost. The increase in the FDIC assessment was due to the Company had received the remaining FDIC assessment credit during the first quarter of 2020 that reduced the overall assessment due.

Income taxes

Income taxes as a percentage of earnings before income taxes as reported in the consolidated financial statements were 18.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to 15.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2020, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020 was primarily attributable to the increase in earnings. The effective tax rate for each of the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, is lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to tax-free revenues.

Lending and Credit Management

Interest earned on the loan portfolio is a primary source of interest income for the Company. Net loans represented 72.6% of total assets as of March 31, 2021 compared to 73.2% as of December 31, 2020.

Lending activities are conducted pursuant to an established loan policy approved by the Bank’s Board of Directors. The Bank’s credit review process is overseen by regional loan committees with established loan approval limits. In addition, a senior loan committee reviews all credit relationships in aggregate over an established dollar amount. The senior loan committee meets weekly and is comprised of senior managers of the Bank.

Major classifications within the Company’s held for investment loan portfolio as of the dates indicated is as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | March 31, 2021 | ​ | December 31, 2020 |
(In thousands) |  | Amount | ​ | % of Loans |  | ​ | 2020 | % of Loans |  |
Commercial, financial, and agricultural (a) | ​ | $ | 251,943 | ​ | 19.7 | % | ​ | $ | 272,918 | 21.2 | % | ​
Real estate construction − residential | ​ |  | 33,962 | ​ | 2.7 | ​ | ​ |  | 29,692 | 2.3 | ​ | ​
Real estate construction − commercial | ​ |  | 78,576 | ​ | 6.2 | ​ | ​ |  | 78,144 | 6.1 | ​ | ​
Real estate mortgage − residential | ​ |  | 258,259 | ​ | 20.2 | ​ | ​ |  | 262,339 | 20.4 | ​ | ​
Real estate mortgage − commercial | ​ |  | 628,178 | ​ | 49.2 | ​ | ​ |  | 617,133 | 48.0 | ​ | ​
Installment and other consumer | ​ |  | 25,267 | ​ | 2.0 | ​ | ​ |  | 26,741 | 2.1 | ​ | ​
Total loans held for investment | ​ | $ | 1,276,185 | ​ | 100.0 | % | ​ | $ | 1,286,967 | 100.0 | % | ​

(a) | Includes $56.3 million and $63.3 million SBA PPP loans, net as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

The Company extends credit to its local community markets through traditional real estate mortgage products. The Company does not participate in extending credit to sub-prime residential real estate markets. The Company does not lend funds for transactions defined as “highly leveraged” by bank regulatory authorities or for foreign loans. Additionally, the Company does not have any concentrations of loans exceeding 10% of total loans that are not otherwise disclosed in the loan portfolio composition table. The Company does not have any interest-earning assets that would have been included in nonaccrual, past due, or restructured loans if such assets were loans.

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The Company generally does not retain long-term fixed rate residential mortgage loans in its portfolio. Fixed rate loans conforming to standards required by the secondary market are offered to qualified borrowers but are not funded until the Company has a non-recourse purchase commitment from the secondary market at a predetermined price. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company sold approximately $66.3 million of loans to investors compared to $13.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. At March 31, 2021, the Company was servicing approximately $288.9 million of loans sold to the secondary market compared to $292.7 million at December 31, 2020, and $270.6 million at March 31, 2020.

Risk Elements of the Loan Portfolio

Management, the senior loan committee, and internal loan review, formally review all loans in excess of certain dollar amounts (periodically established) at least annually. Loans in excess of $2.0 million in aggregate and all adversely classified credits identified by management are reviewed by the senior loan committee. In addition, all other loans are reviewed on a risk weighted selection process. The senior loan committee reviews and reports to the board of directors, on a monthly basis: past due, classified, and watch list loans in order to classify or reclassify loans as loans requiring attention, substandard, doubtful, or loss. During this review, management also determines which loans should be considered impaired. Management follows the guidance provided in the FASB's ASC Topic 310-10-35 in identifying and measuring loan impairment. If management determines that it is probable that all amounts due on a loan will not be collected under the original terms of the loan agreement, the loan is considered impaired. These loans are evaluated individually for impairment, and in conjunction with current economic conditions and loss experience, specific reserves are estimated as further discussed below. Loans not individually evaluated are aggregated and reserves are recorded using a consistent methodology that considers historical loan loss experience by loan type, delinquencies, current economic conditions, loan risk ratings and industry concentration. Management believes, but there can be no assurance, that these procedures keep management informed of potential problem loans. Based upon these procedures, both the allowance and provision for loan losses are adjusted to maintain the allowance at a level considered necessary by management to provide for probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio.

​

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Non-performing Assets

The following table summarizes non-performing assets at the dates indicated:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, | ​ | December 31, | ​ | March 31, | ​
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2020 |
Nonaccrual loans: | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Commercial, financial, and agricultural | ​ | $ | 6,591 | ​ | $ | 6,717 | ​ | $ | 3,111 | ​
Real estate construction − residential | ​ |  | 189 | ​ |  | 192 | ​ |  | — | ​
Real estate construction − commercial | ​ |  | 198 | ​ |  | 200 | ​ |  | 408 | ​
Real estate mortgage − residential | ​ |  | 1,917 | ​ |  | 2,105 | ​ |  | 3,211 | ​
Real estate mortgage − commercial | ​ |  | 25,309 | ​ |  | 25,314 | ​ |  | 1,068 | ​
Installment and other consumer | ​ |  | 29 | ​ |  | 31 | ​ |  | 46 | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 34,233 | ​ | $ | 34,559 | ​ | $ | 7,844 | ​
Loans contractually past - due 90 days or more and still accruing: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Real estate mortgage - residential | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 190 | ​
Installment and other consumer | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 17 | ​ |  | 27 | ​
Total | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 17 | ​ | $ | 217 | ​
Total non-performing loans (a) | ​ | ​ | 34,233 | ​ | ​ | 34,576 | ​ | ​ | 8,061 | ​
Other real estate owned and repossessed assets | ​ | ​ | 12,140 | ​ | ​ | 12,291 | ​ | ​ | 12,769 | ​
Total non-performing assets | ​ | $ | 46,373 | ​ | $ | 46,867 | ​ | $ | 20,830 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Loans held for investment | ​ | $ | 1,276,185 | ​ | $ | 1,286,967 | ​ | $ | 1,180,522 | ​
Allowance for loan losses to loans | ​ |  | 1.44 | % |  | 1.41 | % |  | 1.33 | %
Non-performing loans to loans (a) | ​ |  | 2.68 | % |  | 2.69 | % |  | 0.68 | %
Non-performing assets to loans (b) | ​ |  | 3.63 | % |  | 3.64 | % |  | 1.76 | %
Non-performing assets to assets (b) | ​ |  | 2.68 | % |  | 2.70 | % |  | 1.36 | %
Allowance for loan losses to non-performing loans | ​ |  | 53.64 | % |  | 52.39 | % |  | 194.68 | %

(a) | Non-performing loans include loans 90 days past due and accruing, nonaccrual loans, and non-performing TDRs included in nonaccrual loans and 90 days past due.

(b) | Non-performing assets include non-performing loans and other real estate owned and repossessed assets.

​

Total non-performing assets were $46.4 million, or 3.63% of total loans, at March 31, 2021 compared to $46.9 million, or 3.64% of total loans, at December 31, 2020, and $20.8 million, or 1.76% of total loans, at March 31, 2020, respectively.

Total non-accrual loans at March 31, 2021 decreased $326,000 million, or 0.9%, to $34.2 million compared to $34.6 million at December 31, 2020. There were no loans past due 90 days and still accruing interest at March 31, 2021 compared to $17,000 at December 31, 2020. Other real estate and repossessed assets were $12.1 million and $12.3 million at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, $30,000 of non-accrual loans, net of charge-offs taken, moved to other real estate owned and repossessed assets compared to no loans during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

As of March 31, 2021, approximately $8.3 million compared to $6.0 million and $5.8 million at December 31, 2020 and March 31, 2020, respectively, of loans classified as substandard, which include performing TDRs, and are not included in the non-performing asset table, were identified as potential problem loans having more than normal risk which raised doubts as to the ability of the borrower to comply with present loan repayment terms. Management believes the allowance for loan losses was sufficient to cover the risks and probable losses related to such loans at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

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The following table summarizes the Company’s TDRs at the dates indicated:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | March 31, 2021 | ​ | December 31, 2020
​ |  | Number of |  | Recorded |  | Specific |  | Number of |  | Recorded |  | Specific
(In thousands) |  | contracts |  | Investment |  | Reserves | ​ | contracts |  | Investment |  | Reserves
Performing TDRs |  |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | 7 | ​ | $ | 817 | ​ | $ | 37 | ​ | 7 | ​ | $ | 835 | ​ | $ | 90
Real estate mortgage − residential |  | 5 | ​ |  | 1,217 | ​ |  | 46 | ​ | 5 | ​ |  | 1,521 | ​ |  | 28
Real estate mortgage − commercial |  | 2 | ​ |  | 338 | ​ |  | 7 | ​ | 2 | ​ |  | 343 | ​ |  | 7
Installment and other consumer | ​ | 4 | ​ | ​ | 42 | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | 77 | ​ | ​ | 10
Total performing TDRs |  | 18 | ​ | $ | 2,414 | ​ | $ | 95 | ​ | 19 | ​ | $ | 2,776 | ​ | $ | 135
Non-performing TDRs |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | 1 | ​ | $ | 3 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | 1 | ​ | $ | 4 | ​ | $ | 1
Real estate mortgage − residential |  | 8 | ​ | ​ | 876 | ​ | ​ | 77 | ​ | 8 | ​ | ​ | 895 | ​ | ​ | 78
Total non-performing TDRs |  | 9 | ​ | $ | 879 | ​ | $ | 77 | ​ | 9 | ​ | $ | 899 | ​ | $ | 79
Total TDRs |  | 27 | ​ | $ | 3,293 | ​ | $ | 172 | ​ | 28 | ​ | $ | 3,675 | ​ | $ | 214

​

At March 31, 2021, loans classified as TDRs totaled $3.3 million, with $172,000 of specific reserves compared to $3.7 million of loans classified as TDRs, with $214,000 of specific reserves at December 31, 2020. Non-performing loans, included $0.9 million of loans classified as TDRs at March 31, 2021 compared to $0.9 million at December 31, 2020. Both performing and nonperforming TDRs are considered impaired loans. When an individual loan is determined to be a TDR, the amount of impairment is based upon the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate or the fair value of the underlying collateral less applicable selling costs if the loan is collateral dependent. The net decrease in total TDRs from December 31, 2020 to March 31, 2021 was primarily due to $382,000 of payments received on TDRs.

Allowance for Loan Losses and Provision

Allowance for Loan Losses

The following table is a summary of the allocation of the allowance for loan losses:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, | ​ | December 31, | ​
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 | ​
Allocation of allowance for loan losses at end of period: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​
Commercial, financial, and agricultural | ​ | $ | 4,676 | ​ | $ | 5,121 | ​
Real estate construction − residential | ​ |  | 309 | ​ |  | 213 | ​
Real estate construction − commercial | ​ |  | 532 | ​ |  | 475 | ​
Real estate mortgage − residential | ​ |  | 2,594 | ​ |  | 2,679 | ​
Real estate mortgage − commercial | ​ |  | 9,904 | ​ |  | 9,354 | ​
Installment and other consumer | ​ |  | 245 | ​ |  | 264 | ​
Unallocated | ​ |  | 101 | ​ |  | 7 | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 18,361 | ​ | $ | 18,113 | ​

​

The allowance for loan losses (ALL) was $18.4 million, or 1.44% of loans outstanding, at March 31, 2021 compared to $18.1 million, or 1.41%, at December 31, 2020, and $15.7 million, or 1.33% at March 31, 2020. The ratio of the allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans was 53.64% at March 31, 2021, compared to 52.39% at December 31, 2020, and 194.68% at March 31, 2020.

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The following table is a summary of the general and specific allocations of the allowance for loan losses:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, | ​ | December 31, | ​
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 | ​
Allocation of allowance for loan losses: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​
Individually evaluated for impairment − specific reserves | ​ | $ | 5,144 | ​ | $ | 5,113 | ​
Collectively evaluated for impairment − general reserves | ​ |  | 13,217 | ​ |  | 13,000 | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 18,361 | ​ | $ | 18,113 | ​

​

The specific reserve component applies to loans evaluated individually for impairment. The net carrying value of impaired loans is generally based on the fair values of collateral obtained through independent appraisals and/or internal evaluations, or by discounting the total expected future cash flows. Once the impairment amount is calculated, a specific reserve allocation is recorded. At March 31, 2021, $5.1 million of the Company’s ALL was allocated to impaired loans totaling approximately $36.6 million compared to $5.1 million of the Company’s ALL allocated to impaired loans totaling approximately $37.3 million at December 31, 2020. Management determined that $12.6 million, or 34%, of total impaired loans required no reserve allocation at March 31, 2021 compared to $11.9 million, or 32%, at December 31, 2020, primarily due to adequate collateral values, acceptable payment history and adequate cash flow ability.

The incurred loss component of the general reserve, or loans collectively evaluated for impairment, is determined by applying loss rates to pools of loans by asset type. Loans not individually evaluated are aggregated by risk characteristics and reserves are recorded using a consistent methodology that considers historical loan loss experience by loan type. The look-back period begins with loss history in the first quarter 2012 as the starting point through the current quarter and it will continue to include this starting point going forward. Management determined that the look-back period should be expanded until a loss producing downturn is recognized. This would be accomplished by allowing the look-back period to shift forward by eliminating the earliest loss period and replenishing it with losses from the most recent period. The look-back period is consistently evaluated for relevance given the current facts and circumstances.

These historical loss rates for each risk group are used as the starting point to determine loss rates for measurement purposes. The historical loan loss rates are multiplied by loss emergence periods (LEP) which represent the estimated time period between a borrower first experiencing financial difficulty and the recognition of a loss.

The Company’s methodology includes qualitative risk factors that allow management to adjust its estimates of losses based on the most recent information available and to address other limitations in the quantitative component that is based on historical loss rates. Such risk factors are generally reviewed and updated quarterly, as appropriate, and are adjusted to reflect changes in national and local economic conditions and developments, the nature, volume and terms of loans in the portfolio, including changes in volume and severity of past due loans, the volume of nonaccrual loans, and the volume and severity of adversely classified or graded loans, loan concentrations, assessment of trends in collateral values, assessment of changes in the quality of the Company’s internal loan review department, and changes in lending policies and procedures, including underwriting standards and collections, charge-off and recovery practices.

The specific and general reserve allocations represent management’s best estimate of probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the evaluation date. Although the allowance for loan losses is comprised of specific and general allocations, the entire allowance is available to absorb any credit losses.

The allowance for loan losses changes from December 31, 2020 to March 31, 2021 primarily resulted from net recovery activity, as there was no provision recorded during the quarter given the loan portfolio remained stable from December 31, 2020. The Company continues to monitor the risks associated with its nonperforming loans and the remaining loans modified under the CARES Act.

Provision

No provision for loan losses was required for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to a $3.3 million provision for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The decreased provision in the first quarter of 2021 compared to the first

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quarter of 2020 resulted primarily from the impact of net recoveries and improvement in the economic outlook as the economy begins to recover from the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Criticized loan levels remain elevated when compared to pre-pandemic levels due to the downgrade of loans to borrowers that have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.

The following table summarizes loan loss experience for the periods indicated:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, | ​
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |
Analysis of allowance for loan losses: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​
Balance beginning of period | ​ | $ | 18,113 | ​ | $ | 12,477 | ​
Charge-offs: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Commercial, financial, and agricultural | ​ |  | 27 | ​ |  | 41 | ​
Real estate construction − residential | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​
Real estate construction − commercial | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​
Real estate mortgage − residential | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 19 | ​
Real estate mortgage − commercial | ​ |  | 23 | ​ |  | 22 | ​
Installment and other consumer | ​ |  | 57 | ​ |  | 52 | ​
Total charge-offs | ​ | $ | 107 | ​ | $ | 134 | ​
Recoveries: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Commercial, financial, and agricultural | ​ | $ | 149 | ​ | $ | 25 | ​
Real estate construction − residential | ​ |  | 13 | ​ |  | — | ​
Real estate construction − commercial | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​
Real estate mortgage − residential | ​ |  | 168 | ​ |  | 9 | ​
Real estate mortgage − commercial | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 2 | ​
Installment and other consumer | ​ |  | 25 | ​ |  | 14 | ​
Total recoveries | ​ | $ | 355 | ​ | $ | 50 | ​
Net charge-offs (recoveries) | ​ |  | (248) | ​ |  | 84 | ​
Provision for loan losses | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 3,300 | ​
Balance end of period | ​ | $ | 18,361 | ​ | $ | 15,693 | ​

​

Net Loan Charge-offs (recoveries)

The Company’s net recoveries were $248,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to net charge-offs of $84,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020. During the first quarter of 2021 the Company received commercial and a real estate mortgage recoveries primarily related two loan relationships.

Loans Held For Sale

The Company designates certain long-term fixed rate personal real estate loans as held for sale, and the Company carries them at the lower of cost or fair value. The loans are primarily sold to Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, and PennyMac and other various secondary market investors. At March 31, 2021, the carrying amount of these loans was $6.3 million compared to $5.1 million at December 31, 2020.

In the fourth quarter of 2019 the Company expanded its current home loan program to better serve our customers. This expansion began with hiring new mortgage lending personnel and expanding the bank’s available loan products and upgrading the Company's operating systems. New home loan programs for its customers include VA loans, designed for military families and veterans; USDA loans for those buying homes in rural communities; and FHA loans, which offer low down payments and flexible underwriting guidelines. In addition, we have added several secondary market investors, allowing us to sell loans on the secondary market versus servicing them at the Company. This provides us with the ability to offer clients more aggressive pricing and at the same time improve the Company's financial return.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity Management

The role of liquidity management is to ensure funds are available to meet depositors’ withdrawal and borrowers’ credit demands while at the same time maximizing profitability. This is accomplished by balancing changes in demand for funds with changes in the supply of those funds. Liquidity to meet the demands is provided by maturing assets, short-term liquid assets that can be converted to cash and the ability to attract funds from external sources, principally depositors. Due to the nature of services offered by the Company, management prefers to focus on transaction accounts and full service relationships with customers as the primary sources of funding.

The Company’s Asset/Liability Committee (ALCO), primarily made up of senior management, has direct oversight responsibility for the Company’s liquidity position and profile. A combination of daily, weekly, and monthly reports provided to management detail the following: internal liquidity metrics, composition and level of the liquid asset portfolio, timing differences in short-term cash flow obligations, available pricing and market access to the financial markets for capital, and exposure to contingent draws on the Company’s liquidity.

The Company has a number of sources of funds to meet liquidity needs on a daily basis. The Company’s most liquid assets are comprised of available-for-sale investment securities, not including other debt securities, federal funds sold, and excess reserves held at the Federal Reserve.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, | ​ | December 31, | ​
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 | ​
Federal funds sold and other interest-bearing deposits | ​ | $ | 128,207 | ​ | $ | 161,128 | ​
Certificates of deposit in other banks | ​ |  | 8,897 | ​ |  | 9,376 | ​
Available-for-sale investment securities | ​ |  | 238,142 | ​ |  | 198,030 | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 375,246 | ​ | $ | 368,534 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

Federal funds sold and resale agreements normally have overnight maturities and are used for general daily liquidity purposes. The fair value of the available-for-sale investment portfolio was $238.1 million at March 31, 2021 and included an unrealized net gain of $0.7 million. The portfolio includes projected maturities and mortgage backed securities pay-downs of approximately $5.0 million over the next twelve months, which offer resources to meet either new loan demand or reductions in the Company’s deposit base.

The Company pledges portions of its investment securities portfolio to secure public fund deposits, federal funds purchase lines, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, borrowing capacity at the Federal Reserve Bank, and for other purposes required by law. At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company’s unpledged securities in the available for sale portfolio totaled approximately $40.6 million and $44.1 million, respectively.

Total investment securities pledged for these purposes were as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, | ​ | December 31, | ​
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 | ​
Investment securities pledged for the purpose of securing: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​
Federal Reserve Bank borrowings | ​ | $ | 10,824 | ​ | $ | 9,115 | ​
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase | ​ |  | 51,625 | ​ |  | 59,695 | ​
Other deposits | ​ |  | 135,122 | ​ |  | 85,130 | ​
Total pledged, at fair value | ​ | $ | 197,571 | ​ | $ | 153,940 | ​

​

Liquidity is available from the Company’s base of core customer deposits, defined as demand, interest checking, savings, money market deposit accounts, and time deposits less than $250,000, less all brokered deposits under $250,000. At March 31, 2021, such deposits totaled $1.3 billion and represented 92.4% of the Company’s total deposits. These core deposits are normally less volatile and are often tied to other products of the Company through long lasting relationships.

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Core deposits at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, | ​ | December 31, | ​
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 | ​
Core deposit base: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Non-interest bearing demand | ​ | $ | 431,035 | ​ | $ | 382,492 | ​
Interest checking | ​ |  | 264,210 | ​ |  | 292,375 | ​
Savings and money market | ​ |  | 414,215 | ​ |  | 391,248 | ​
Other time deposits | ​ |  | 177,943 | ​ |  | 183,072 | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 1,287,403 | ​ | $ | 1,249,187 | ​

​

Time deposits and certificates of deposit of $250,000 and greater at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were $74.4 million and $91.3 million, respectively. The Company had brokered deposits totaling $30.2 million and $40.2 million at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

Other components of liquidity are the level of borrowings from third party sources and the availability of future credit. The Company’s outside borrowings are comprised of securities sold under agreements to repurchase, Federal Home Loan Bank advances, and subordinated notes. Federal funds purchased are overnight borrowings obtained mainly from upstream correspondent banks with which the Company maintains approved credit lines. As of March 31, 2021, under agreements with these unaffiliated banks, the Bank may borrow up to $60.0 million in federal funds on an unsecured basis and $10.4 million on a secured basis. There were no federal funds purchased outstanding at March 31, 2021. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are generally borrowed overnight and are secured by a portion of the Company’s investment portfolio. At March 31, 2021 there were $42.0 million in repurchase agreements. The Company may periodically borrow additional short-term funds from the Federal Reserve Bank through the discount window, although no such borrowings were outstanding at March 31, 2021.

The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines (FHLB) and has access to credit products of the FHLB. As of March 31, 2021, the Bank had $97.6 million in outstanding borrowings with the FHLB. In addition, the Company has $49.5 million in outstanding subordinated notes issued to wholly-owned grantor trusts, funded by preferred securities issued by the trusts.

Borrowings outstanding at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, | ​ | December 31, | ​
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |
Borrowings: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase | ​ | $ | 42,018 | ​ | $ | 45,154 | ​
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | ​ |  | 97,600 | ​ |  | 106,660 | ​
Subordinated notes | ​ |  | 49,486 | ​ |  | 49,486 | ​
Other borrowings | ​ |  | 14 | ​ |  | 14 | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 189,118 | ​ | $ | 201,314 | ​

​

The Company pledges certain assets, including loans and investment securities to the Federal Reserve Bank, FHLB, and other correspondent banks as security to establish lines of credit and borrow from these entities. Based on the type and value of collateral pledged, the FHLB establishes a collateral value from which the Company may draw advances against this collateral. This collateral is also used to enable the FHLB to issue letters of credit in favor of public fund depositors of the Company. The Federal Reserve Bank also establishes a collateral value of assets pledged to support borrowings

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from the discount window. The following table reflects collateral value of assets pledged, borrowings, and letters of credit outstanding, in addition to the estimated future funding capacity available to the Company as follows:

​

​

​ ​ ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, | ​ | December 31,
​ |  | 2021 | ​ | 2020
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | Federal |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | Federal |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | Funds | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | Funds | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Federal |  | Purchased | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Federal |  | Purchased | ​ | ​ | ​
(In thousands) | ​ | FHLB | ​ | Reserve Bank |  | Lines | ​ | Total | ​ | FHLB | ​ | Reserve Bank |  | Lines | ​ | Total
Advance equivalent | ​ | $ | 281,044 | ​ | $ | 10,388 | ​ | $ | 60,000 | ​ | $ | 351,432 | ​ | $ | 300,633 | ​ | $ | 8,898 | ​ | $ | 56,835 | ​ | $ | 366,366
Letters of credit | ​ |  | (18,000) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (18,000) | ​ |  | (123,000) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (123,000)
Advances outstanding | ​ |  | (97,599) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (97,599) | ​ |  | (106,660) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (106,660)
Total available | ​ | $ | 165,445 | ​ | $ | 10,388 | ​ | $ | 60,000 | ​ | $ | 235,833 | ​ | $ | 70,973 | ​ | $ | 8,898 | ​ | $ | 56,835 | ​ | $ | 136,706

At March 31, 2021, loans of $552.5 million were pledged at the Federal Home Loan Bank as collateral for borrowings and letters of credit. At March 31, 2021, investments totaling $10.8 million were pledged to secure federal funds purchase lines and borrowing capacity at the Federal Reserve Bank.

Based upon the above, management believes the Company has more than adequate liquidity, both on balance sheet and through the additional funding capacity with the FHLB, the Federal Reserve Bank and Federal funds purchased lines to meet future anticipated needs; this includes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic that is difficult to currently measure. Management believes the most significant impact to the Company’s liquidity position in the short-term may be related to the PPP as loans are expected to be forgiven and depositors may choose to redirect their funds. The longer-term impact on the Company's liquidity from the pandemic will be closely monitored and addressed as needs arise.

The Company also has available additional liquidity having pledged the PPP loans to the FHLB as collateral for available advances.

Sources and Uses of Funds

Cash and cash equivalents were $146.7 million at March 31, 2021 compared to $180.4 million at December 31, 2020. The $33.6 million decrease resulted from changes in the various cash flows produced by operating, investing, and financing activities of the Company, as shown in the accompanying consolidated statement of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2021. Cash flow provided from operating activities consists mainly of net income adjusted for certain non-cash items. Operating activities provided cash flow of $3.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

Investing activities consisting mainly of purchases, sales and maturities of available-for-sale securities, and changes in the level of the loan portfolio used total cash of $32.4 million. The cash outflow primarily consisted of $62.3 million purchase of investment securities partially offset by an $11.0 million decrease in loans and $18.2 million from maturities, calls, and sales of investment securities. Management hopes to grow the investment portfolio to $300.0 million by the end of 2021.

Financing activities used total cash of $4.8 million, resulting primarily from a $38.2 million decrease in interest-bearing transaction accounts and time deposits and a $9.1 million repayment of FHLB advances, partially offset by a $48.5 million increase in demand deposits. The growth in demand deposits was positively impacted by customers who deposited both economic stimulus payments and PPP loan proceeds into demand accounts. Future short-term liquidity needs arising from daily operations are not expected to vary significantly during 2021.

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into certain forms of off-balance sheet transactions, including unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit. These transactions are managed through the Company’s various risk management processes. Management considers both on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet transactions in its evaluation of the Company’s liquidity. The Company had $421.6 million in unused loan commitments and standby letters of credit

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as of March 31, 2021. Although the Company’s current liquidity resources are adequate to fund this commitment level the nature of these commitments is such that the likelihood of such a funding demand is very low.

The Company is a legal entity, separate and distinct from the Bank, which must provide its own liquidity to meet its operating needs. The Company’s ongoing liquidity needs primarily include funding its operating expenses and paying cash dividends to its shareholders. The Company paid cash dividends to its shareholders totaling approximately $842,000 and $753,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. A large portion of the Company’s liquidity is obtained from the Bank in the form of dividends. The Bank declared and paid $4.5 million and no dividends to the Company during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had cash and cash equivalents totaling $3.0 million and $2.0 million, respectively.

Capital Management

The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal and state banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary, actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines, the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification of the Company and the Bank are subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk-weightings, and other factors.

The Basel III regulatory capital framework (the "Basel III Capital Rules") adopted by U.S. federal regulatory authorities, among other things, (i) establishes the capital measure called "Common Equity Tier 1" ("CET1"), (ii) specifies that Tier 1 capital consist of CET1 and "Additional Tier 1 Capital" instruments meeting stated requirements, (iii) requires that most deductions/adjustments to regulatory capital measures be made to CET1 and not to other components of capital and (iv) defines the scope of the deductions/adjustments to the capital measures.

Additionally, the Basel III Capital Rules require that the Company maintain a 2.5% capital conservation buffer with respect to each of CET1, Tier 1 and total capital to risk-weighted assets, which provides for capital levels that exceed the minimum risk-based capital adequacy requirements. A financial institution with a conservation buffer of less than the required amount is subject to limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments and stock repurchases, and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of CET1, Tier 1 and total capital to risk-weighted assets, and of Tier 1 capital to average assets, each as defined in the regulations. Management believes, as of March 31, 2021, that the Company and the Bank meet all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.

Financial institutions are categorized as well capitalized or adequately capitalized, based on minimum total risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based, CET1 and Tier 1 leverage ratios. As shown in the table below, the Company’s capital ratios exceeded the regulatory definition of adequately capitalized as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. Based upon the information in its most recently filed call report, the Bank met the capital ratios necessary to be well capitalized. The regulatory authorities can apply changes in classification of assets and such changes may retroactively subject the Company to changes in capital ratios. Any such change could reduce one or more capital ratios below well-capitalized status. In addition, a change may result in imposition of additional assessments by the FDIC or could result in regulatory actions that could have a material effect on our condition and results of operations. In addition, bank holding companies generally are required to maintain a Tier 1 leverage ratio of at least 4%.

Because our Bank had less than $15.0 billion in total consolidated assets as of December 31, 2009, the Company is allowed to continue to classify our trust preferred securities, all of which were issued prior to May 19, 2010, as Tier 1 capital.

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Under the Basel III requirements, at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company met all capital adequacy requirements and had regulatory capital ratios in excess of the levels established for well-capitalized institutions, as shown in the following table as of periods indicated:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Minimum Capital | ​ | Required to be | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Required - Basel III | ​ | Considered Well- | ​
​ |  | Actual | ​ | Fully Phased-In | ​ | Capitalized | ​
(in thousands) |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio | ​
March 31, 2021 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Company |  | $ | 196,553 | ​ | 14.80 | % | $ | 139,475 | ​ | 10.50 | % | $ | — | ​ | N.A | %
Bank | ​ | ​ | 193,745 | ​ | 14.62 | ​ | ​ | 139,119 | ​ | 10.50 | ​ | ​ | 132,495 | ​ | 10.00 | ​
Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Company |  | $ | 172,591 | ​ | 13.21 | % | $ | 112,909 | ​ | 8.50 | % | $ | — | ​ | N.A | %
Bank | ​ | ​ | 177,159 | ​ | 13.37 | ​ | ​ | 112,620 | ​ | 8.50 | ​ | ​ | 105,996 | ​ | 8.00 | ​
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Company |  | $ | 131,925 | ​ | 9.93 | % | $ | 92,984 | ​ | 7.00 | % | $ | — | ​ | N.A | %
Bank | ​ | ​ | 177,159 | ​ | 13.37 | ​ | ​ | 92,746 | ​ | 7.00 | ​ | ​ | 86,121 | ​ | 6.50 | ​
Tier 1 leverage ratio (to adjusted average assets): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Company |  | $ | 175,494 | ​ | 10.22 | % | $ | 68,654 | ​ | 4.00 | % | $ | — | ​ | N.A | %
Bank | ​ | ​ | 177,159 | ​ | 10.37 | ​ | ​ | 68,315 | ​ | 4.00 | ​ | ​ | 85,394 | ​ | 5.00 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
December 31, 2020 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Company |  | $ | 193,220 | ​ | 14.97 | % | $ | 135,518 | ​ | 10.50 | % | $ | — | ​ | N.A | %
Bank | ​ | ​ | 191,504 | ​ | 14.87 | ​ | ​ | 135,186 | ​ | 10.50 | ​ | ​ | 128,748 | ​ | 10.00 | ​
Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Company |  | $ | 172,591 | ​ | 13.37 | % | $ | 109,705 | ​ | 8.50 | % | $ | — | ​ | N.A | %
Bank | ​ | ​ | 175,384 | ​ | 13.62 | ​ | ​ | 109,436 | ​ | 8.50 | ​ | ​ | 102,999 | ​ | 8.00 | ​
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Company |  | $ | 129,061 | ​ | 10.00 | % | $ | 90,345 | ​ | 7.00 | % | $ | — | ​ | N.A | %
Bank | ​ | ​ | 175,384 | ​ | 13.62 | ​ | ​ | 90,124 | ​ | 7.00 | ​ | ​ | 83,686 | ​ | 6.50 | ​
Tier 1 leverage ratio: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Company |  | $ | 172,591 | ​ | 10.19 | % | $ | 67,724 | ​ | 4.00 | % | $ | — | ​ | N.A | %
Bank | ​ | ​ | 175,384 | ​ | 10.41 | ​ | ​ | 67,394 | ​ | 4.00 | ​ | ​ | 84,243 | ​ | 5.00 | ​

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Asset/Liability and Interest Rate Risk

Management and the Board of Directors are responsible for managing interest rate risk and employing risk management policies that monitor and limit this exposure. Interest rate risk is measured using net interest income simulations and market value of portfolio equity analyses. These analyses use various assumptions, including the nature and timing of interest rate changes, yield curve shape, prepayments on loans and securities, deposit decay rates, pricing decisions on loans and deposits, and reinvestment/replacement of asset and liability cash flows.

The principal objective of the Company’s asset and liability management function is to evaluate the interest rate risk within the balance sheet and pursue a controlled assumption of interest rate risk while maximizing earnings and preserving adequate levels of liquidity and capital. The asset and liability management function is under the guidance of the Asset Liability Committee from direction of the Board of Directors. The Asset Liability Committee meets monthly to review, among other things, the sensitivity of the Company’s assets and liabilities to interest rate changes, local and national market

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conditions and rates. The Asset Liability Committee also reviews the liquidity, capital, deposit mix, loan mix and investment positions of the Company.

Instantaneous parallel rate shift scenarios are modeled and utilized to evaluate risk and establish exposure limits for acceptable changes in net interest margin. These scenarios, known as rate shocks, simulate an instantaneous change in interest rates and use various assumptions, including, but not limited to, prepayments on loans and securities, deposit decay rates, pricing decisions on loans and deposits, reinvestment and replacement of asset and liability cash flows.

Management analyzes the economic value of equity as a secondary measure of interest rate risk. This is a complementary measure to net interest income where the calculated value is the result of the market value of assets less the market value of liabilities. The economic value of equity is a longer term view of interest rate risk because it measures the present value of the future cash flows. The impact of changes in interest rates on this calculation is analyzed for the risk to our future earnings and is used in conjunction with the analyses on net interest income.

The table below illustrates the impact of an immediate and sustained 200 and 100 basis point increase and a 200 and 100 basis point decrease in interest rates on net interest income based on the interest rate risk model at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | % Change in projected net interest income
Hypothetical shift in interest rates | ​ | March 31, | ​ | December 31, | ​
(bps) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 | ​
200 | ​ | ​ | (1.06) | % | ​ | 0.73 | %
100 | ​ |  | (1.50) | % |  | 0.10 | %
(100) | ​ | ​ | (2.73) | % | ​ | (1.28) | %
(200) | ​ |  | (3.34) | % | ​ | (1.81) | %

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The change in our interest rate risk exposure from December 31, 2020 to March 31, 2021 was primarily due to the decrease in market rates over this period that has caused the yields for both interest-bearing liabilities and earning assets to be lower. While the percent change of net interest income is lower than the current position, the increase in fed funds sold and PPP loan program have caused an overall shortening of the balance sheet, where assets would be repricing faster than liabilities. These factors have caused the Company’s balance sheet to become more asset sensitive in the next 12 months, where interest rate increases translate into higher net interest income. Management believes the change in projected net interest income from interest rate shifts of up 200 bps and down 200 bps is an acceptable level of interest rate risk.

Many assumptions are used to calculate the impact of interest rate fluctuations. Actual results may be significantly different than our projections due to several factors, including the timing and frequency of rate changes, market conditions and the shape of the yield curve. The computations of interest rate risk shown above do not include actions that management may undertake to manage the risks in response to anticipated changes in interest rates and actual results may also differ due to any actions taken in response to the changing rates.

Effects of Inflation

The effects of inflation on financial institutions are different from the effects on other commercial enterprises since financial institutions make few significant capital or inventory expenditures, which are directly affected by changing prices. Because bank assets and liabilities are virtually all monetary in nature, inflation does not affect a financial institution as much as do changes in interest rates. The general level of inflation does underlie the general level of most interest rates, but interest rates do not increase at the rate of inflation as do prices of goods and services. Rather, interest rates react more to changes in the expected rate of inflation and to changes in monetary and fiscal policy.

Inflation does have an impact on the growth of total assets in the banking industry, often resulting in a need to increase capital at higher than normal rates to maintain an appropriate capital to asset ratio. In the opinion of management, inflation did not have a significant effect on the Company’s operations for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our Company’s management has evaluated, with the participation of our principal executive and principal financial officers, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a – 15(e) or 15d – 15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as of March 31, 2021. Based upon and as of the date of that evaluation, our principal executive and principal financial officers concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file and submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required. It should be noted that any system of disclosure controls and procedures, however well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the system are met. In addition, the design of any system of disclosure controls and procedures is based in part upon assumptions about the likelihood of future events. Because of these and other inherent limitations of any such system, there can be no assurance that any design will always succeed in achieving its stated goals under all circumstances.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Impact of New Accounting Standards

Financial Instruments In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (CECL). The revised accounting guidance will remove all recognition thresholds and will require a company to recognize an allowance for credit losses for the difference between the amortized cost basis of a financial instrument and the amount of amortized cost that the company expects to collect over the instrument's contractual life. It also amends the credit loss measurement guidance for available-for-sale debt securities and beneficial interests in securitized financial assets. This new accounting guidance will be effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022. While the Company generally expects to recognize a one-time cumulative effect adjustment to the allowance for loan losses as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the new standard is effective, the Company has not determined the magnitude of any such one-time adjustment or the overall impact of the new guidance on the Company's consolidated financial statements. The Company has formed a committee and is continuing to evaluate the impact of the ASU's adoption on the Company's consolidated financial statements by assessing different credit risk models. In 2019 and 2020, the Company modeled the various methods prescribed in the ASU against the identified loan segments. The Company will continue to run parallel computations as it continues to evaluate the impact of adoption of this ASU on January 1, 2023.

Rate Reform In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) - Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. The amendments in this update provide optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. It provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The amendments in this update are effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the reference rate reform on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

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Item 1. Legal Proceedings

​

The information required by this Item is set forth in Commitments and Contingencies, Pending Litigation, in our Company’s Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There has been no material change in risk factors previously disclosed under Part I, Item 1A of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table summarizes the purchases made by or on behalf of the Company or certain affiliated purchasers of shares of the Company's common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2021:

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | (d) Maximum Number (or
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (c) Total Number of | ​ | Approximate Dollar
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Shares (or Units) | ​ | Value) of Shares (or
​ | ​ | (a) Total Number of | ​ | (b) Average Price | ​ | Purchased as Part of | ​ | Units) that May Yet Be
​ | ​ | Shares (or Units) | ​ | Paid per Share (or | ​ | Publicly Announced Plans | ​ | Purchased Under the
Period | ​ | Purchased | ​ | Unit) | ​ | or Programs | ​ | Plans or Programs *
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
January 1-31, 2021 |  | 116,490 | ​ | $ | 18.25 |  | 116,490 | ​ | $ | 1,966,362
February 1-28, 2021 |  | 1,142 | ​ | $ | 18.76 |  | 1,142 | ​ | $ | 1,944,942
March 1-31, 2021 |  | — | ​ | $ | — |  | — | ​ | $ | 1,944,942
Total |  | 117,632 | ​ | $ | 18.26 |  | 117,632 | ​ | $ | 1,944,942

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* In 2019, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to $5.0 million market value of the Company's common stock. Management was given discretion to determine the number and pricing of the shares to be purchased, as well as, the timing of any such purchases. As of March 31, 2021, $1.9 million remained available for the repurchase of shares pursuant to the share repurchase authorization.

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Item 3. | ​ | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | None
| ​ |  |
Item 4. | ​ | Mine Safety Disclosures | None
| ​ |  |
Item 5. | ​ | Other Information | None
| ​ |  |
Item 6. | ​ | Exhibits |

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​ | ​ | ​
Exhibit No. |  | Description
3.1 | ​ | Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Company (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K on August 9, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference).
3.2 | ​ | Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K on January 27, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference).
4.1 | ​ | Specimen certificate representing shares of the Company’s $1.00 par value Common Stock (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K/A on June 23, 2017 and incorporated herein by reference).
31.1 | ​ | Certificate of the Chief Executive Officer of the Company pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 | ​ | Certificate of the Chief Financial Officer of the Company pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 | ​ | Certificate of the Chief Executive Officer of the Company pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 | ​ | Certificate of the Chief Financial Officer of the Company pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS | ​ | Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document).
101.SCH | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104 | ​ | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

​ | ​
| HAWTHORN BANCSHARES, INC.
Date |
| /s/ David T. Turner
May 10, 2021 | David T. Turner, Chairman of the Board, President and
| Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
| /s/ Stephen E. Guthrie
May 10, 2021 | Stephen E. Guthrie, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

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