Stockholders’ Equity

Preferred Stock

The Company has authorized up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share, for issuance.

Series A Convertible Preferred

On March 7, 2018, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with investors, pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to the investors, in a private placement pursuant to Rule 4(a)(2) and Regulation S under the Securities Act, an aggregate of 10,700 shares of the Company’s newly-created non-voting Series A Convertible Preferred, and warrants to acquire an aggregate 1,383,631 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share at an aggregate purchase price of $10.7 million. The Series A Convertible Preferred was initially convertible into 1,844,835 shares of common stock based on an initial conversion price of $5.80 per share.

At the first closing of the Series A Convertible Preferred on March 9, 2018, the Company issued an aggregate 5,987 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred and warrants to acquire 774,186 shares of common stock for aggregate gross proceeds of $6.0 million. The second closing of the remaining 4,713 shares of the Series A Convertible Preferred and warrants to acquire 609,445 shares of its common stock, for aggregate gross proceeds of $4.7 million, occurred on May 1, 2018 following receipt of stockholder approval.

In the event of a "qualified offering," as defined in the securities purchase agreement, holders of the Series A Convertible Preferred (the "Series A Holders") had the right to exchange their shares of Series A Convertible Preferred for the same securities sold in a qualified offering on a $1.00 for $1.00 basis based on the stated value of their shares of Series A Convertible Preferred under the most favored nation provision. On July 16, 2018, following consummation of the July 2018 Offering, which was deemed a qualified offering as described below and in Note 2 above, the Series A Holders exchanged an aggregate of $7,871,186 of stated valued and accrued but unpaid dividends on their Series A Convertible Preferred for an aggregate of 3,748,184 shares of the Company’s common stock and warrants to purchase an aggregate of 3,748,184 shares of the Company’s common stock. Following such exchange, there are no shares of Series A Convertible Preferred issued and outstanding. The warrants have an exercise price of $2.10 per share and a term of five years. The fair value of the common stock and warrants to purchase shares of common stock exceeded the carrying amount of the Series A Preferred by $8.7 million and that amount is recorded as a deemed dividend in the consolidated statements of operations during the year ended December 31, 2018, as it represents a transfer of value from the common stockholders to the preferred investors. Since the Company does not have accumulated earnings, the deemed dividend is taken from additional paid-in capital. This one-time, non-cash charge impacted net loss attributable to common stockholders and loss per share for the year ended December 31, 2018.

In addition, pursuant to the terms of the warrants, the exercise price of the warrants issued to the investors in March 2018 and May 2018 was automatically adjusted to $2.10 per share from the original exercise price of $6.59 per share. The Company recognized the $0.5 million increase to the fair value of the warrant liability as a result of the adjusted stock price as a deemed dividend in the consolidated statements of operations during the year ended December 31, 2018. This one-time, non-cash charge impacted net loss attributable to common stockholders and loss per share for the year ended December 31, 2018.

The Company evaluated the Series A Convertible Preferred in accordance with the provisions of ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, including consideration of embedded derivatives requiring bifurcation. The issuance of the Series A Convertible Preferred generated a beneficial conversion feature (“BCF”), which arose as the equity security was issued with an embedded conversion option that was beneficial to the investor or in the money at inception because the conversion option had an effective conversion price that was less than the market price of the underlying stock at the commitment date. The Company recognized the BCF by allocating the intrinsic value of the conversion option, which is the number of shares of common stock available upon conversion multiplied by the difference between the effective conversion price per share and the fair value of common stock per share on the commitment date, to additional paid-in capital, resulting in a discount on the convertible preferred stock. As the Series A Convertible Preferred could have been converted immediately, the Company recognized a BCF of $2.0 million as a deemed dividend in the consolidated statements of operations related to the first closing on March 9, 2018 and an additional BCF of $2.5 million as a deemed dividend related to the second closing on May 1, 2018. These one-time, non-cash charges impacted net loss attributable to common stockholders and loss per share for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Common Stock

The Company has authorized up to 350,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, for issuance.

On July 16, 2018, the Company completed the July 2018 Offering, issuing 6,845,000 shares of common stock and 4,675,000 pre-funded warrants exercisable for shares of common stock and accompanying common stock warrants to purchase an aggregate of 11,520,000 shares of common stock. The shares of common stock and accompanying common stock warrants were sold at a combined price of $2.10 per share and accompanying common stock warrant. The pre-funded warrants and accompanying common stock warrants were sold at a combined price of $2.0999 per pre-funded warrant and common stock warrant. Each accompanying common stock warrant sold with the shares of common stock and pre-funded warrants represents the right to purchase one share of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $2.10 per share. The common stock warrants are exercisable immediately and will expire on July 16, 2023, five years from the date of issuance. The pre-funded warrants are exercisable immediately, have an exercise price of $0.0001 per share, and will expire on July 16, 2023, five years from the date of issuance. The net proceeds to the Company from the July 2018 Offering, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and other estimated offering expenses, and excluding the exercise of any warrants, were approximately $21.6 million.

During its evaluation of equity classification for the pre-funded warrants exercisable for shares of common stock and warrants to acquire shares of common stock issued in the July 2018 Offering, the Company considered the conditions as prescribed within ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging, Contracts in an Entity’s own Equity (“ASC 815-40”). The conditions within ASC 815-40 are not subject to a probability assessment. The pre-funded warrants exercisable for shares of common stock and warrants to acquire shares of common stock do not fall under the liability criteria within ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as they are not puttable and do not represent an instrument that has a redeemable underlying security. The pre-funded warrants exercisable for shares of common stock and warrants to acquire shares of common stock do meet the definition of a derivative instrument under ASC 815, but are eligible for the scope exception as they are indexed to the Company’s own stock and would be classified in permanent equity if freestanding.

Shares of common stock reserved for future issuance are as follows (in thousands):



	December 31, 2018
Warrants outstanding	17,698
Stock options outstanding	395
Options reserved for future issuance under the Company’s 2017 Equity Incentive Plan	421
Shares reserved for future issuance under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan	115
Restricted stock units	13
Total reserved for future issuance	18,642