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Organization, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018. The condensed consolidated balance sheet data at December 31, 2017 were derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in Sangamo’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, (the “2017 Annual Report”), as filed with the SEC. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and related financial information should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and footnotes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2017, included in the 2017 Annual Report.
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates, including critical accounting policies or estimates related to revenue recognition, clinical trial accruals, and stock-based compensation. Estimates are based on historical experience and on various other market specific and other relevant assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents Sangamo considers all highly-liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less at the purchase date to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and deposits in money market investment accounts.
Marketable Securities | Marketable Securities Sangamo classifies its marketable securities as available-for-sale which are recorded at estimated fair value based on quoted market prices or observable market inputs of almost identical assets. Unrealized holding gains and losses are included in accumulated other comprehensive income. The Company’s investments are subject to a periodic impairment review. The Company recognizes an impairment charge when a decline in the fair value of its investments below the cost basis is judged to be other-than-temporary. The Company considers various factors in determining whether to recognize an impairment charge, including the length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than the Company’s cost basis, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the investee, and the Company’s intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in the market value. Realized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are included in other income, which is determined using the specific identification method.
Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements The carrying amounts for financial instruments consisting of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to their short maturities. Marketable securities and liabilities are stated at their estimated fair values. The counterparties to the agreements relating to the Company’s investment securities consist of the US Treasury, governmental agencies and various major corporations and financial institutions with investment-grade high credit ratings.
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”) resulting in a change to its accounting policy for revenue recognition. Topic 606 establishes a unified model to determine how revenue is recognized. The Company’s contract revenues consist of strategic partnering collaboration agreements and research activity grants and licensing. Research and licensing agreements typically include upfront signing or license fees, cost reimbursements, research services, minimum sublicense fees, milestone payments and royalties on future licensee’s product sales. The Company has both fixed and variable consideration. Non-refundable upfront fees and funding of research and development activities are considered fixed, while milestone payments are identified as variable consideration. Sangamo’s research grants are typically multi-year agreements and provide for the reimbursement of qualified expenses for research and development as defined under the terms of the grant agreement. Revenues under grant agreements are recognized when the related qualified research expenses are incurred. Deferred revenue represents the portion of research or license payments received but not earned. In determining the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized as it fulfills its obligations under its agreements, the Company performs the following steps: (i) identification of the promised goods or services in the contract; (ii) determination of whether the promised goods or services are performance obligations including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract; (iii) measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations based on estimated selling prices; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account in Topic 606. The Company’s performance obligations include license rights, development services, and services associated with regulatory submission and approval processes. Significant management judgment is required to determine the level of effort required under an arrangement and the period over which the Company expects to complete its performance obligations under the arrangement. If the Company cannot reasonably estimate when its performance obligations either are completed or become inconsequential, then revenue recognition is deferred until the Company can reasonably make such estimates. The Company includes the unconstrained amount of estimated variable consideration in the transaction price. The amount included in the transaction price is constrained to the amount for which it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, the Company re-evaluates the estimated variable consideration included in the transaction price and any related constraint, and if necessary, adjusts its estimate of the overall transaction price. Revenue is then recognized over the remaining estimated period of performance using the cumulative catch-up method. The estimated period of performance and project costs are reviewed quarterly and adjusted, as needed, to reflect the Company’s current assumptions regarding the timing of its deliverables. As part of the accounting for these arrangements, the Company must develop assumptions that require judgment to determine the stand-alone selling price of each performance obligation identified in the contract. The Company uses key assumptions to determine the stand-alone selling price, which may include forecasted revenues, development timelines, reimbursement rates for personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, revenues related to the hemophilia A collaboration agreement with Pfizer Inc. (“Pfizer”) and the hemoglobinopathies agreement with Bioverativ, a Sanofi company (“Bioverativ”) represented 47% and 26%, respectively, of the Company’s total revenue. During the six months ended June 30, 2017, revenues related to the Company’s agreements with Bioverativ and Shire International GmBH (“Shire”) represented 48% and 11%, respectively, of total revenue. Receivables from collaborations are typically unsecured and are concentrated in the biopharmaceutical industry. Accordingly, the Company may be exposed to credit risk generally associated with biopharmaceutical companies or specific to its collaboration agreements. To date, the Company has not experienced any losses related to these receivables. Funds received from third parties under contract or grant arrangements are recorded as revenue if the Company is deemed to be the principal participant in the arrangements because the activities under the contracts or grants are part of the Company’s development programs. Contract funds received are not refundable and are recognized when the related qualified research and development costs are incurred and there is reasonable assurance that the funds will be received. Funds received in advance are recorded as deferred revenue. Management has determined that the Company is the principal participant under the Company’s non-profit grant agreement, and accordingly, the Company records amounts earned under these arrangements as revenue.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements | Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Updated (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). This standard outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The main principle of Topic 606 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that is expected to be received for those goods or services. Topic 606 provides companies with two implementation methods: (i) apply the standard retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective application); or (ii) apply the standard retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings of the annual reporting period that includes the date of initial application (modified retrospective application). The Company implemented this standard under the modified retrospective method. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Under Topic 606, an entity recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that an entity determines are within the scope of Topic 606, the entity performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. Topic 606 also impacts certain other areas, such as the accounting for costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. The Company adopted Topic 606 effective January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method with a cumulative effect adjustment of $1.1 million reflected as a decrease to the opening balance of accumulated deficit and a decrease to deferred revenues, respectively. The new guidance has been applied with a cumulative effect adjustment of $5.2 million reflected as a decrease to the opening balance of accumulated deficit and a decrease to deferred revenues, respectively. The Company’s contracts and agreements that were within the scope of the guidance upon adoption were Bioverativ and the hemophilia A Pfizer agreements. The impact on the Bioverativ agreement was to reduce the amount of the recognition of up-front payment by approximately $0.7 million and $1.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, and the development and commercialization milestones are deemed constrained at June 30, 2018, as defined under Topic 606. The impact on the hemophilia A Pfizer agreement was to increase the amount of the recognition of the up-front payment by approximately $1.6 million and $2.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, and the development and commercialization milestones are deemed constrained at June 30, 2018, as defined under Topic 606. The net impact under the modified retrospective transition approach was a decrease of $5.2 million to accumulated deficit as of June 30, 2018. With regards to Shire, Dow AgroSciences, LLC (“Dow”) and Sigma-Aldrich Corporation (“Sigma”), the Company’s performance obligations under those arrangements were substantially complete at December 31, 2017. Comparative information has not been adjusted and continues to be reported under previous accounting standards. All future receipts under these agreements are contingent upon the counterparties achieving specified development, commercial, and/or sales targets which would be in the form of milestones or royalties, all of which management concluded are constrained at June 30, 2018, as defined under Topic 606. See Revenue Recognition above. Refer below for a summary of the amount by which each financial statement line item was affected by the impact of the cumulative adjustment and as compared with the guidance that was in effect prior to the adoption:
|  | Impact of Topic 606 Adoption on Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of January 1, 2018 |
(in thousands) |  | As reported under Topic 606 |  |  | Adjustments |  |  | Balances without adoption of Topic 606 |
Deferred revenue, current portion |  | $ | 29,626 |  |  | $ | 1,281 |  |  | $ | 28,345 |
Deferred revenue, noncurrent portion |  | $ | 26,846 |  |  | $ | (2,398 | ) |  | $ | 29,244 |
Accumulated deficit |  | $ | (494,362 | ) |  | $ | 1,117 |  |  | $ | (495,479 | )
|  | Impact of Topic 606 Adoption on Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2018 |
(in thousands) |  | As reported under Topic 606 |  |  | Adjustments |  |  | Balances without adoption of Topic 606 |
Deferred revenue, current portion |  | $ | 57,215 |  |  | $ | 8,744 |  |  | $ | 65,959 |
Deferred revenue, noncurrent portion |  | $ | 137,731 |  |  | $ | (3,581 | ) |  | $ | 134,151 |
Accumulated deficit |  | $ | (531,189 | ) |  | $ | (5,163 | ) |  | $ | (536,352 | )
|  | Impact of Topic 606 Adoption on Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 |  |  | Impact of Topic 606 Adoption on Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 |
(in thousands) |  | As reported under Topic 606 |  |  | Adjustments |  |  | Balances without adoption of Topic 606 |  |  | As reported under Topic 606 |  |  | Adjustments |  |  | Balances without adoption of Topic 606 |
Collaboration revenue |  | $ | 21,289 |  |  | $ | (2,271 | ) |  | $ | 19,018 |  |  | $ | 33,840 |  |  | $ | (4,047 | ) |  | $ | 29,793 |
Net loss |  | $ | (16,640 | ) |  | $ | (2,271 | ) |  | $ | (18,911 | ) |  | $ | (36,827 | ) |  | $ | (4,047 | ) |  | $ | (40,874 | )
Net loss per share - basic and diluted: |  | $ | (0.17 | ) |  | $ | (0.02 | ) |  | $ | (0.19 | ) |  | $ | (0.40 | ) |  | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | (0.44 | )
|  | Impact of Topic 606 Adoption on Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 |
(in thousands) |  | As reported under Topic 606 |  |  | Adjustments |  |  | Balances without adoption of Topic 606 |
Net loss |  | $ | (36,827 | ) |  | $ | (4,047 | ) |  | $ | (40,874 | )
Changes in deferred revenue |  | $ | 138,474 |  |  | $ | 4,047 |  |  | $ | 142,521 |
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (“Topic 230”). The Company adopted Topic 230 in the beginning of fiscal 2018, which requires the statement of cash flows to explain the change during the period relating to total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash. The Company adopted this standard using the retrospective transition method by restating its condensed consolidated statements of cash flows to include restricted cash of $3.5 million in the beginning and ending cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash balances. Net cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2017, did not change as a result of including restricted cash with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period amounts presented on the statements of cash flows. Restricted cash was included in other non-current assets on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets. Not yet adopted In February 2016 the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 amends a number of aspects of lease accounting, including requiring lessees to recognize almost all leases with a term greater than one year as a right-of-use asset and corresponding liability, measured at the present value of the lease payments. The guidance will become effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of 2019 with early adoption permitted and will be adopted using a modified retrospective approach. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on its consolidated financial statements, and expect its operating lease commitments will be subject to the new standard and recognized as a right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities upon adoption which will increase total assets and total liabilities as compared to amounts prior to adoption.

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