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Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Business Overview Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc. (“Sangamo” or “the Company”) was incorporated in the State of Delaware in June 1995 and changed its name from Sangamo Biosciences, Inc. in January 2017. Sangamo is a clinical-stage biotechnology company focused on translating ground-breaking science into genomic medicines with the potential to transform patients’ lives using our platform technologies in gene therapy, ex vivo gene-edited cell therapy, in vivo genome editing and in vivo genome regulation. Basis of Presentation The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in the Consolidated Financial Statements. For consolidated entities where we own or are exposed to less than 100% of the economics, we record net loss attributable to  non-controlling interests on our Consolidated Statements of Operations equal to the percentage of the economic or ownership interest retained in such entities by the respective noncontrolling parties. Going Concern Sangamo is currently working on a number of long-term development projects that will involve experimental technology. The projects may require several years and substantial expenditures to complete and ultimately may be unsuccessful. The Company plans to finance operations with available cash resources, collaborations and strategic partnerships funds, research grants and from the issuance of equity or debt securities. Sangamo believes that its available cash, cash equivalents and investments as of December 31, 2019, and expected revenues from collaborations, strategic partnerships and research grants, will be adequate to fund its operations at least through the next 12 months from the date the financial statements are issued. Sangamo will require substantial additional financial resources to complete the development and commercialization of its products including ZFP therapeutic products. Additional capital may not be available on terms acceptable to the Company, or at all. If adequate funds are not available, or if the terms of potential funding sources are unfavorable, the Company’s business and ability to develop its technology and therapeutic products would be harmed. Furthermore, any sales of additional equity securities may result in dilution to the Company’s stockholders, and any debt financing may include covenants that restrict the Company’s business. Reclassifications Certain prior period amounts in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Use of Estimates The preparation of the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates including critical accounting policies or estimates related to revenue recognition, clinical trial accruals, fair value of assets and liabilities, including from acquisitions, and stock-based compensation. Estimates are based on historical experience and on various other market specific and other relevant assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates. In March 2019, the Company recorded an adjustment to revenue related to a change in estimate in connection with the hemophilia A collaboration agreement with Pfizer Inc. (“Pfizer”). This adjustment was a direct result of the decision to increase the project scope during the first quarter of 2019 and the corresponding costs, both of which resulted in a decrease in the measure of proportional performance. In December 2019, the Company updated its estimated project cost and related revenues upon the transfer of the investigational new drug (“IND”) for Pfizer SB-525. This adjustment directly resulted in a decrease in project scope during the fourth quarter of 2019 and a decrease in the corresponding costs, which resulted in an increase in the measure of proportional performance. These adjustments increased revenue by $5.7 million, decreased net loss by $5.7 million and decreased the Company’s basic net loss per share by $0.05 for the year ended December 31, 2019. Revenue Recognition Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC Topic 606”) using the modified retrospective method, resulting in a change to its accounting policy for revenue recognition. ASC Topic 606 establishes a unified model to determine how revenue is recognized. The Company’s contract revenues are derived from collaboration agreements and research activity grants and licensing. Research and licensing agreements typically include upfront signing or license fees, cost reimbursements, research services, minimum sublicense fees, milestone payments and royalties on future licensee’s product sales. The Company has both fixed and variable consideration. Non-refundable upfront fees and funding of research and development activities are considered fixed, while milestone payments are generally identified as variable consideration. Sangamo’s research grants are typically multi-year agreements and provide for the reimbursement of qualified expenses for research and development as defined under the terms of the grant agreement. Revenues under research grant agreements are generally recognized when the related qualified research expenses are incurred. Deferred revenue represents the portion of research or license payments received but not earned. In determining the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized as it fulfills its obligations under its agreements, the Company performs the following steps: (i) identification of the promised goods or services in the contract; (ii) determination of whether the promised goods or services are performance obligations, including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract; (iii) measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations based on estimated selling prices; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account in ASC Topic 606. The Company’s performance obligations include license rights, development services and services associated with regulatory submission and approval processes. Revenues from research services earned under collaboration agreements are generally recognized as revenue as the related services are provided. Revenues from non-refundable upfront fees are recognized over time either by measuring progress towards satisfaction of the relevant performance obligation, using the input method (i.e. cumulative actual costs incurred relative to total estimated costs) or on a straight-line basis when a performance obligation is expected to be satisfied evenly over a period of time (or when the entity has a stand-ready obligation). Significant management judgment is required to determine the level of effort required under an arrangement, and the period over which the Company expects to complete its performance obligations under the arrangement which may include total internal personnel costs and external costs to be incurred as well as, in certain cases, the estimated stand-ready obligation period. Changes in these estimates can have a material effect on revenue recognized. If the Company cannot reasonably estimate when its performance obligations either are completed or become inconsequential, then revenue recognition is deferred until the Company can reasonably make such estimates. The Company includes the unconstrained amount of estimated variable consideration in the transaction price. The amount included in the transaction price is constrained to the amount for which it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, the Company re-evaluates the estimated variable consideration included in the transaction price and any related constraint and, if necessary, adjusts its estimate of the overall transaction price. Revenue is then recognized over the remaining estimated period of performance using the cumulative catch-up method. The estimated period of performance and project costs, such as personnel and manufacturing cost, are reviewed quarterly and adjusted, as needed, to reflect the Company’s current assumptions regarding the timing of its deliverables. As part of the accounting for these arrangements, the Company must develop assumptions that require judgment to determine the stand-alone selling price of each performance obligation identified in the contract. The Company uses key assumptions to determine the stand-alone selling price, which may include forecasted revenues, development timelines, reimbursement rates for personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success. Related costs and expenses under these arrangements have historically approximated the revenues recognized. Revenues from collaboration agreements and research activity grants as a percentage of total revenues were as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, |  |  |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Pfizer Inc. | 40 | % |  | 47 | % |  | 47 | %
Kite Pharma, Inc. | 34 | % |  | 30 | % |  | — |
Sanofi Genzyme | 22 | % |  | 16 | % |  | 34 | %
Receivables from collaborations are typically unsecured and are concentrated in the biopharmaceutical industry. Accordingly, the Company may be exposed to credit risk generally associated with biopharmaceutical companies or specific to its collaboration agreements. To date, the Company has not experienced any losses related to these receivables. Funds received from third parties under contract or funds received from grant arrangements are generally recorded as revenue if the Company is deemed to be the principal participant in the arrangements because the activities under the contracts or grants are part of the Company’s development programs. Contract funds received are not refundable and are recognized when the related qualified research and development costs are incurred and there is reasonable assurance that the funds will be received. Funds received in advance are recorded as deferred revenue. Business Combinations The Company accounts for acquisitions using the acquisition method of accounting, which requires that assets acquired, including in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) projects, liabilities assumed and any non-controlling interests in the acquired target in an acquisition be recorded at their fair values as of the acquisition date on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Any excess of purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. The determination of estimated fair value requires the Company to make significant estimates and assumptions. As a result, the Company may record adjustments to the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed within the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date) with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Transaction costs associated with business combinations are expensed as they are incurred. Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration transferred over the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are related to purchased IPR&D projects and are measured at their respective fair values as of the acquisition date. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized. Intangible assets related to IPR&D projects are considered to be indefinite-lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development efforts. If and when development is complete, which generally occurs if and when regulatory approval to market a product is obtained, the associated assets would be deemed finite-lived and would then be amortized based on their respective estimated useful lives at that point in time. The Company tests goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests if the Company becomes aware of any events occurring or changes in circumstances that would indicate the fair values of the assets are below their respective carrying amounts. As of December 31, 2019, no impairment of goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets has been identified. Valuation of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets, including property and equipment and finite-lived intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever facts or circumstances either internally or externally may suggest that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of each asset to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. If the asset is considered to be impaired, the amount of any impairment is measured as the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the impaired asset. As of December 31, 2019, no impairment of any long-lived assets has been identified. Fair Value Measurements The carrying amounts for financial instruments consisting of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to their short maturities. Marketable securities are stated at their estimated fair values. The free share asset/liability is measured using a binomial-lattice pricing model and is reviewed each reporting period and adjusted, as needed, and is expected to approximate fair value. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Sangamo considers all highly-liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less at the purchase date to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash, deposits in demand money market accounts, and commercial paper. Restricted cash consists of a letter of credit for $1.5 million as a deposit for the Brisbane lease. A reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheets to the amounts reported within the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows is as follows (in thousands):
| As of December 31, |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 80,428 |  |  | $ | 140,418 |  |  | $ | 49,826 |  |  |
Non-current restricted cash | 1,500 |  |  | 3,500 |  |  | 3,500 |  |  |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as reported within the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | $ | 81,928 |  |  | $ | 143,918 |  |  | $ | 53,326 |  |  |
Marketable Securities Sangamo classifies its marketable securities as available-for-sale and records its investments at estimated fair value based on quoted market prices or observable market inputs of almost identical assets, with the unrealized holding gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCI”). The Company classifies those investments that are not required for use in current operations and that mature in more than 12 months as non-current marketable securities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company’s investments are subject to a periodic impairment review. The Company recognizes an impairment charge, if material, when a decline in the fair value of its investments below the cost basis is judged to be other-than-temporary. The Company considers various factors in determining whether to recognize an impairment charge, including the length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than the Company’s cost basis, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the investee and the Company’s intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in the market value. Realized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are included in other income, net, which are determined using the specific identification method. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the related assets which is generally three to five years. For leasehold improvements, amortization is calculated using the straight-line method based on the shorter of the useful life or the lease term. The Company reviews its property and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, including salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation, clinical studies performed by contract research organizations ("CROs"), materials and supplies and overhead allocations consisting of various support and facility-related costs. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expenses consist of finance, human resources, legal and other administrative activities. These expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, including salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation, facilities and overhead costs, legal expenses, and other general and administrative costs. Stock-based Compensation The Company measures and recognizes compensation expense for all stock-based payment awards made to Sangamo employees and directors, including employee share options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and employee stock purchases related to the 2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), as amended, based on estimated fair values at the award grant date. The fair value of stock-based awards is amortized over the vesting period of the award using a straight-line method. To estimate the fair value of an award, the Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model. This model requires inputs such as expected life, expected volatility and risk-free interest rate. These inputs are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. While estimates of expected life and volatility are derived primarily from the Company’s historical data, the risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant commensurate with the expected life assumption. The Company accounts for forfeitures in the period they occur. Income Taxes Income tax expense has been provided using the liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities as measured by the enacted tax rates that will be in effect when these differences reverse. The Company provides a valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets if, based upon the available evidence, it is not more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. The Company recognizes a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from such positions are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized. The Company recognizes interest and penalties associated with tax matters as part of the income tax provision and includes accrued interest and penalties with the related income tax liability within account payable and accrued liabilities on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. Foreign Currency Translation The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is primarily the Euro. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated to U.S. dollars using the exchange rates at the balance sheet date. Foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a component of AOCI within stockholders’ equity. Revenues and expenses from the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated using the monthly average exchange rates in effect during the period in which the transactions occur. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recorded in interest and other income, net, on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. Net Loss Per Share Basic net loss per share attributable to Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc. stockholders has been computed by dividing net loss attributable to Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc. stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share attributable to Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc. stockholders is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc. stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock plus potential dilutive securities outstanding during the period. The total number of shares subject to stock options and RSUs outstanding and the ESPP shares reserved for issuance, which are all anti-dilutive, were excluded from consideration in the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc. stockholders. Stock options and RSUs outstanding and ESPP shares reserved for issuance as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were 10,750,550, 9,048,793, and 8,367,628, respectively. Segments The Company operates in one segment. Management uses one measure of profitability and does not segregate its business for internal reporting. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, substantially all of the Company’s assets were maintained in the United States. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, substantially all of the Company’s revenues and operating expenses were generated and incurred in the United States. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted Simplified Disclosure In August 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") adopted amendments to certain disclosure requirements in Securities Act Release No. 33-10532, Disclosure Update and Simplification, as updated. These amendments eliminate, modify, or integrate into other SEC requirements certain disclosure rules. Among the amendments is the requirement to present an analysis of changes in stockholders’ equity in the interim financial statements included in quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. The analysis, which can be presented as a footnote or separate statement, is required for the current and comparative quarter and year-to-date interim periods. The amendments are effective for all filings made on or after November 5, 2018. The Company’s adoption of these SEC amendments had no material effect on the Company’s reporting of financial position, results of operations, cash flows or stockholders’ equity. Accounting for Leases In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-2, Leases (“ASC Topic 842”). ASC Topic 842 amends a number of aspects of lease accounting, including requiring lessees to recognize almost all leases with a term greater than one year as a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and corresponding liability, measured at the present value of the lease payments. On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASC Topic 842 using the modified retrospective approach with a cumulative-effect adjustment of $0.9 million reflected as a decrease to the opening balance of accumulated deficit as of the adoption date. Results for the year ended December 31, 2019 are presented under ASC Topic 842. No prior period amounts were adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with previous lease guidance, ASC Topic 840 – Leases (“ASC Topic 840”). ASC Topic 842 provides a number of optional practical expedients in transition. The Company elected the practical expedients to not reassess its prior conclusions about lease identification under the new standard, to not reassess lease classification, and to not reassess initial direct costs. The Company did not elect the practical expedient allowing the use-of-hindsight, which would require the Company to reassess the lease term of its leases based on all facts and circumstances through the effective date. The Company also did not elect the practical expedient pertaining to land easements, as this is not applicable to the current contract portfolio. The impact of the adoption of ASC Topic 842 on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet as of January 1, 2019 was as follows (in thousands):
| December 31, 2018 |  | Adjustments Due to the Adoption of ASC Topic 842 |  | January 1, 2019
Assets: |  |  |  |  |
Property and equipment, net | $ | 78,723 |  |  | $ | (62,500) |  |  | $ | 16,223 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | — |  |  | 8,753 |  |  | 8,753 |
Prepaid rent | — |  |  | 36,025 |  |  | 36,025 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease liabilities - current(1) | — |  |  | 1,408 |  |  | 1,408 |
Deferred rent(1) | 271 |  |  | (271) |  |  | — |
Build-to-suit lease obligation(2) | 27,689 |  |  | (27,689) |  |  | — |
Operating lease liabilities - long-term(2) | — |  |  | 7,933 |  |  | 7,933 |
Accumulated deficit | (562,696) |  |  | 897 |  |  | (561,799) |
___________________ (1) Operating lease liabilities – current and deferred rent are included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. (2) Build-to-suit lease obligation and operating lease liabilities – long-term are included in long-term portion of lease liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The adjustments due to the adoption of ASC Topic 842 primarily related to the recognition of operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities for the Company’s leases. In addition, the adoption of ASC Topic 842 resulted in a change in accounting of the build-to-suit component of two leases under ASC Topic 840 to operating leases under ASC Topic 842. As a result, the Company derecognized the estimated fair value of the building shells that were included in Property and equipment, net as of December 31, 2018, as the Company had been deemed to own these buildings under ASC Topic 840. For a description of the leases, see “Note 7 – Commitments and Contingencies – Leases” in these Consolidated Financial Statements. Not Yet Adopted Collaborative Arrangements In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-18, Collaborative Arrangements (ASC Topic 808): Clarifying the Interaction between Topic 808 and Topic 606 (“ASC Topic 808”), which clarifies that certain transactions between participants in a collaborative arrangement should be accounted for under ASC Topic 606 when the counterparty is a customer. In addition, ASC Topic 808 precludes an entity from presenting consideration from a transaction in a collaborative arrangement as revenue from contracts with customers if the counterparty is not a customer for that transaction. This guidance will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020. The Company has determined the adoption of ASU 2018-18 will not have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements. Goodwill Impairment Testing In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-4, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test of Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-4”). The new guidance simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. ASU 2017-4 requires goodwill impairment to be measured as the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of its goodwill. ASU 2017-4 requires prospective application and is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. ASU 2017-4 will require the Company to amend its methodology for determining any goodwill impairment beginning in 2020. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-4 to have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements. Credit Losses In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) ("ASU 2016-13"). ASU 2016-13 implements an impairment model, known as the current expected credit loss model that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under the new guidance, an entity will recognize as an allowance its estimate of expected credit losses. ASU 2016-13 is effective for all interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and must be adopted using a modified retrospective approach, with certain exceptions. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-13 to have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements. Income Taxes In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes – Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”). The guidance removes exceptions to the general principles in Income Taxes (Topic 740) for allocating tax expense between financial statement components, accounting basis differences stemming from an ownership change in foreign investments and interim period income tax accounting for year-to-date losses that exceed projected losses. The guidance becomes effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020 and interim periods within those fiscal years with early adoption permitted. The Company plans to adopt ASU 2019-12 effective January 1, 2020 and does not expect this adoption to have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the organization, consolidation and basis of presentation of financial statements disclosure, and significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. May be provided in more than one note to the financial statements, as long as users are provided with an understanding of (1) the significant judgments and assumptions made by an enterprise in determining whether it must consolidate a VIE and/or disclose information about its involvement with a VIE, (2) the nature of restrictions on a consolidated VIE's assets reported by an enterprise in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets, (3) the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with an enterprise's involvement with the VIE, and (4) how an enterprise's involvement with the VIE affects the enterprise's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. Describes procedure if disclosures are provided in more than one note to the financial statements. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 205 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122149 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 810 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2197479 Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122369 Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 275 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2134479 + Details
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