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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Summary of Domestic and Foreign Components of Loss Before Income Taxes | The domestic and foreign components of loss before income taxes were as follows (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Domestic | $ | (126,624) |  |  | $ | (77,354) |  |  | $ | (65,695) |
Foreign | 5,847 |  |  | (18,065) |  |  | (3,194) |
Loss before income taxes | $ | (120,777) |  |  | $ | (95,419) |  |  | $ | (68,889) |
Summary of Benefit for Income Taxes | The income tax expense consisted of the following (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Income tax expense: |  |  |  |  |
Current: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
State | 133 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign | 686 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Subtotal | 819 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
State | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign | (474) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Subtotal | (474) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Income tax expense | $ | 345 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Schedule of Difference Between Benefit for Income Taxes and Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate | The difference between the income tax expense and the amount computed by applying the federal statutory income tax rate to loss before income taxes is explained as follows (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Tax at federal statutory rate | $ | (25,363) |  |  | $ | (20,038) |  |  | $ | (14,467) |
State taxes, net | (3,168) |  |  | (9,597) |  |  | (2,849) |
Foreign rate differential | 376 |  |  | (665) |  |  | (177) |
Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income | 1,335 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Non-deductible stock-based compensation | 4,232 |  |  | 2,817 |  |  | (2,729) |
Research credits | (3,657) |  |  | (3,429) |  |  | (1,005) |
Change in valuation allowance | 26,537 |  |  | 29,655 |  |  | 20,271 |
Other | 53 |  |  | 1,257 |  |  | 956 |
Income tax expense | $ | 345 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
In March and December 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the CARES Act and the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 were passed into law and provide additional economic stimulus to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company does not expect any significant benefit to its income tax provision as a result of this legislation.
Schedule of Company's Deferred Tax Assets | Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):
| December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Assets: |  |  |
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Net operating loss carryforwards | $ | 164,276 |  |  | $ | 133,765 |
Research and development tax credit carryforwards | 27,679 |  |  | 21,459 |
Stock-based compensation | 5,321 |  |  | 4,194 |
Deferred revenue | 20,681 |  |  | 32,171 |
Fixed assets | 10,525 |  |  | 11,282 |
Lease liability | 10,251 |  |  | 11,722 |
Accruals and reserves | 430 |  |  | 675 |
Other | 308 |  |  | 151 |
Total deferred tax asset | 239,471 |  |  | 215,419 |
Valuation allowance | 214,351 |  |  | 187,724 |
Deferred tax assets | 25,120 |  |  | 27,695 |
Liabilities: |  |  |
Intangible assets | (14,321) |  |  | (13,609) |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | (17,510) |  |  | (20,656) |
Deferred tax liabilities | (31,831) |  |  | (34,265) |
Total net deferred tax liabilities | $ | (6,711) |  |  | $ | (6,570) |
The deferred tax assets and liabilities based on tax jurisdictions are presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as follows (in thousands):
| December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Deferred tax assets (included in Other non-current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet) | $ | 474 |  |  | $ | — |
Deferred tax liabilities | (7,185) |  |  | (6,570) |
Net deferred tax liabilities | $ | (6,711) |  |  | $ | (6,570) |
Summary of Activity Related to Company's Unrecognized Tax Benefits | The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands):
| December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Beginning balance | $ | 11,630 |  |  | $ | 6,288 |  |  | $ | 5,659 |
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year | 2,834 |  |  | 5,393 |  |  | 636 |
Additions for tax positions of prior years | 1,982 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Reductions for tax positions of prior years | (3,554) |  |  | (51) |  |  | (7) |
Ending balance | $ | 12,892 |  |  | $ | 11,630 |  |  | $ | 6,288 |

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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32537-109319 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of unrecognized tax benefits for which a material change is reasonably possible in the next twelve months, typically including the nature of the uncertainty, the event(s) that could cause a material change, and an estimate of the range of the reasonably possible change or a statement that an estimate of the range cannot be made. An unrecognized tax benefit is the difference between a tax position taken in a tax return and the amounts recognized in the financial statements for which it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits of the position, that the tax position will not be sustained upon examination. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -Subparagraph (d) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32718-109319 + Details
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