EX-3.1 2 sgmo-20221219xxex31fifth.htm EX-3.1
EXHIBIT 3.1 1 FIFTH AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS OF SANGAMO THERAPEUTICS, INC. ARTICLE I CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS Section 1. These Bylaws are subject to the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, as amended and/or restated to date. In these Bylaws, references to law, the Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws mean the law, the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws as from time to time in effect. ARTICLE II OFFICES Section 1. The registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware shall be as set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation from time to time. Section 2. The Corporation may also have offices at such other places both within and without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “Board of Directors” or the “Board”) may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require. ARTICLE III MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS Section 1. Meetings of stockholders shall be held at such place, if any, either within or without the State of Delaware as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting. Section 2. The annual meeting of stockholders shall be held at such date and time as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors. At the annual meeting, directors shall be elected and any other business properly brought before the meeting pursuant to these Bylaws may be transacted. Special meetings of the stockholders, for any purpose or purposes, unless otherwise prescribed by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation, may be called only by the Board of Directors. Section 3. Notice of meetings of stockholders stating the place, if any, date and hour of the meeting, the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting, the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting (if such date is different from the record date for stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting) and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting as of the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting. Unless otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the notice of any meeting shall be given not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be given when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder at such stockholder’s address as it appears on the records of the Corporation. 2 Section 4. The Corporation shall prepare no later than then tenth day before each meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting (provided, however, if the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote is less than ten (10) days before the date of the meeting, the list shall reflect the stockholders entitled to vote as of the tenth day before the meeting date), arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting for a period of ten (10) days ending on the day before the meeting date (i) on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of meeting or (ii) during ordinary business hours at the principal place of business of the Corporation. Except as otherwise provided by law, the stock ledger shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the list of stockholders required by this Section 4 or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders. Section 5. Business transacted at any special meeting of stockholders shall be limited to the purposes stated in the notice. Section 6. The holders of a majority in voting power of the outstanding stock issued and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of business except as otherwise provided by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws. When a quorum is present at any meeting, in all matters other than the election of directors, the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the subject matter shall be the act of the stockholders, unless the question is one upon which by express provision of the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws, the rules or regulations of any stock exchange applicable to the Corporation, or any law or regulation applicable to the Corporation or its securities, a different or minimum vote is required, in which case such express provision shall govern and control the decision of such question. At any meeting of stockholders for the election of one or more directors at which a quorum is present, each director shall be elected by the vote of a majority of the votes cast with respect to the director, provided that if, as of a date that is ten (10) days in advance of the date on which the Corporation files its definitive proxy statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (regardless of whether thereafter revised or supplemented), the number of nominees for director exceeds the number of directors to be elected, the directors shall be elected by the vote of a plurality of the votes cast by the stockholders entitled to vote at the election. At a meeting at which the standard to elect directors is a majority of the votes cast, if an incumbent director then serving on the Board of Directors does not receive the required majority, the director shall promptly tender his or her resignation to the Board of Directors. Within ninety (90) days after the date of the certification of the election results, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee or other committee that may be designated by the Board of Directors will make a recommendation to the Board of Directors as to whether to accept or reject the resignation, or whether other action should be taken. The Board of Directors will act on the tendered resignation, taking into account such committee’s recommendation. The director who tenders his or her resignation will not participate in the recommendation of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee or the decision of the Board of Directors with respect to his or her resignation. If such incumbent director’s resignation is not accepted by the Board of Directors, the Board of Director shall publicly disclose its decision regarding the tendered resignation and the rationale behind the decision. If a director’s resignation is accepted by the Board of Directors pursuant to this Section 6, or if a nominee for director is not elected and the nominee is not an incumbent director, then the Board of Directors may fill the resulting vacancy pursuant to the provisions of Article IV, Section 2 of these Bylaws or may decrease the size of the Board of Directors pursuant to the provisions of Article IV, Section 1 of these Bylaws. For purposes of this Section 6 of these Bylaws, a majority of votes cast shall mean that the number of votes cast “for” a director’s election exceeds 3 the number of votes cast “against” that director’s election (with “abstentions” and “broker non-votes” not counted as a vote cast either “for” or “against” that director’s election). Section 7. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, each stockholder shall at every meeting of the stockholders be entitled to one vote in person or by proxy for each share of the capital stock having voting power held by such stockholder. Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder by proxy, but no proxy shall be voted on after three years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. A proxy shall be irrevocable if it states that it is irrevocable and if, and only as long as, it is coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an irrevocable power. Voting at meetings of stockholders need not be by written ballot. Section 8. Any meeting of stockholders, annual or special, may adjourn from time to time to reconvene at the same or some other place, and notice need not be given of any such adjourned meeting if the time and place (if any) thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken or are provided in any other manner permitted by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (DGCL). At the adjourned meeting the Corporation may transact any business that might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting. If after the adjournment a new record date for determination of stockholders entitled to vote is fixed for the adjourned meeting, the Board of Directors shall fix as the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting the same or an earlier date as that fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting, and shall give notice of the adjourned meeting to each stockholder of record as of the record date so fixed for notice of such adjourned meeting. In the absence of a quorum, the stockholders so present may, by a majority in voting power thereof, adjourn the meeting from time to time until a quorum shall attend. The Chairman of the Board also has the power to adjourn meetings of stockholders. Section 9. No business shall be transacted at a meeting of stockholders except in accordance with the following procedures: (a) At an annual meeting of stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. To be properly brought before an annual meeting, business must be (i) brought before the meeting by the Corporation and specified in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, (ii) brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof) or (iii) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by any stockholder of the Corporation who (A) was a stockholder of record of the Corporation (and, with respect to any beneficial owner, if different, on whose behalf such business is proposed, only if such beneficial owner was the beneficial owner of shares of the Corporation) both at the time the notice provided for in this Section 9 is delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation and at the time of the meeting, (B) is entitled to vote at the meeting and (C) has complied with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 9. Except for proposals properly made in accordance with Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (as so amended and inclusive of such rules and regulations, the “Exchange Act”), and included in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, the foregoing clause (iii) shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to propose business to be brought before an annual meeting of the stockholders. Stockholders shall not be permitted to propose business to be brought before a special meeting of the stockholders, and the only matters that may be brought before a special meeting are the matters specified in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the person calling the meeting pursuant to Sections 2 and 3 of this Article III. Stockholders seeking to nominate persons for election to the Board of Directors must comply with Section 10 of Article III, and this Section 9 shall not be applicable to nominations except as expressly provided in Section 10 of Article III. 4 (b) Without qualification, for business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to clause (iii) of paragraph (a) of this Section 9, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing and in proper form to the Secretary of the Corporation and provide any updates or supplements to such notice at the times and in the forms required by this Section 9, and such business must otherwise be a proper matter for stockholder action as determined by the Board of Directors. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than ninety (90) nor more than one hundred twenty (120) days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders; provided, however, that in the event that the annual meeting is called for on a date that is not within thirty (30) days before or after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which the first public announcement of the date of the annual meeting was made by the Corporation or the notice of the meeting was mailed by the Corporation, whichever first occurs. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting of stockholders commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above. The stockholder’s notice shall contain, at a minimum, the information set forth in paragraph (c) of this Section 9. For purposes of these Bylaws, “public announcement” shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. (c) Contents of Stockholder’s Notice. Any proper stockholder’s notice required by this Section 9 shall set forth: (i) For each item of business that the stockholder proposes for consideration before the annual meeting, (A) a reasonably detailed description of the business desired to be brought before the annual stockholder meeting, (B) the text of the proposal or business (including the text on any resolutions proposed for consideration and in the event that such business includes a proposal to amend the Bylaws of the Corporation, the language of the proposed amendment), (C) the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting and (D) a reasonably detailed description of any material interest in such business of such stockholder, the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made, and any affiliate or associate (each within the meaning of Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act for purposes of these Bylaws) of such stockholder or beneficial owner (each, a “Proposing Person”), including all agreements, arrangements and understandings (x) between or among any of the Proposing Persons or (y) between or among any Proposing Person and any other person or entity (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such business by such stockholder; (ii) As to each Proposing Person, (A) the name and address of such Proposing Person which, with respect to a Proposing Person who is a record owner, shall be such address as it appears on the Corporation’s books, and (B) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are, directly or indirectly, owned of record or beneficially owned (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) by such Proposing Person, except that such Proposing Person shall in all events be deemed to beneficially own any shares of any class or series of the Corporation as to which such Proposing Person has a right to acquire beneficial ownership at any time in the future; and (iii) As to each Proposing Person, (A) any derivative, swap or other transaction or series of transactions engaged in, directly or indirectly, by such Proposing Person, the purpose or effect of which is to give such Proposing Person economic risk similar to ownership of shares of any class or series of the Corporation, including due to the fact that the value of such derivative, swap or other transactions are determined by reference to the price, value or volatility of any shares of any class or series of the Corporation, or which derivative, swap or other transactions provide, directly or indirectly, the opportunity to profit from any increase in the price or value of shares of any class or series of the

5 Corporation (“Synthetic Equity Interests”), which Synthetic Equity Interests shall be disclosed without regard to whether (x) the derivative, swap or other transactions convey any voting rights in such shares to such Proposing Person, (y) the derivative, swap or other transactions are required to be, or are capable of being, settled through delivery of such shares or (z) such Proposing Person may have entered into other transactions that hedge or mitigate the economic effect of such derivative, swap or other transactions, (B) any proxy (other than a revocable proxy or consent given in response to a solicitation made pursuant to, and in accordance with, Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act by way of a solicitation statement filed on Schedule 14A), agreement, arrangement, understanding or relationship pursuant to which such Proposing Person has or shares a right to vote any shares of any class or series of the Corporation, (C) any agreement, arrangement, understanding or relationship, including any repurchase or similar so-called “stock borrowing” agreement or arrangement, engaged in, directly or indirectly, by such Proposing Person, the purpose or effect of which is to mitigate loss to, reduce the economic risk (of ownership or otherwise) of shares of any class or series of the Corporation by, manage the risk of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting power of, such Proposing Person with respect to the shares of any class or series of the Corporation, or which provides, directly or indirectly, the opportunity to profit from any decrease in the price or value of the shares of any class or series of the Corporation (“Short Interests”), (D) any rights to dividends on the shares of any class or series of the Corporation beneficially owned by such Proposing Person that are separated or separate from the underlying shares of the Corporation; (E) any performance related fees (other than an asset based fee) that such Proposing Person is entitled to based on any increase or decrease in the price or value of shares of any class or series of the Corporation, or any Synthetic Equity Interests or Short Interests, if any, (F) a representation that the Proposing Person is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to propose such business, (G) a representation whether the Proposing Person intends or is part of a group that intends (y) to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation’s outstanding capital stock required to approve or adopt the proposal and/or (z) otherwise to solicit proxies or votes from stockholders in support of such proposal, and (H) any other information relating to such Proposing Person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies or consents by such Proposing Person in support of the business proposed to be brought before the meeting pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act (the disclosures to be made pursuant to the foregoing clauses (A) through (H) are referred to as “Disclosable Interests”); provided, however, that Disclosable Interests shall not include any such disclosures with respect to the ordinary course business activities of any broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee who is a Proposing Person solely as a result of being the stockholder directed to prepare and submit the notice required by these Bylaws on behalf of a beneficial owner. (d) A stockholder providing notice of business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting shall further update and supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 9 shall be true and correct as of the record date for the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than five (5) business days after the record date for the meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of the record date), and not later than eight (8) business days prior to the date for the meeting, if practicable (or, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to), or any adjournment or postponement thereof (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof). (e) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 9, unless otherwise required by law, if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to present the proposed business, such proposed business shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have 6 been received by the Corporation. For purposes of this Section 9, to be considered a qualified representative of the stockholder, a person must be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such stockholder or must be authorized by a writing executed by such stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting of stockholders and such person must produce such writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission, at the meeting of stockholders. (f) Notwithstanding anything in these Bylaws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at an annual meeting except in accordance with this Section 9. Except as otherwise provided by law, the presiding officer of the meeting shall have the power and duty, if the facts warrant, to (i) determine whether any business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting was proposed in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 9 and (ii) if he or she determines that any proposed business is not in compliance with this Section 9 (including whether the stockholder or beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made solicits (or is part of a group which solicits) or fails to so solicit (as the case may be), proxies or votes in support of such stockholder’s proposal in compliance with such stockholder’s representation as required by this Section 9), declare that such proposed business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted. (g) This Section 9 is expressly intended to apply to any business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting of stockholders other than any proposal made pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 9, a Proposing Person shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 9. Nothing in this Section 9 shall be deemed to affect any rights of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act. Section 10. Only persons who are nominated in accordance with the following procedures shall be eligible for election as directors of the Corporation except as may be otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation. (a) (i) Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at an annual meeting or at a special meeting of stockholders (but only if the election of directors is a matter specified in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the person calling such special meeting) only (A) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof) or (B) by any stockholder of the Corporation who (x) was a stockholder of record of the Corporation (and, with respect to any beneficial owner, if different, on whose behalf such nomination is proposed to be made, only if such beneficial owner was the beneficial owner of shares of the Corporation) both at the time the notice provided for in this Section 10 is delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation and at the time of the meeting, (y) is entitled to vote at the meeting and (z) has complied with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 10 as to such nomination. The foregoing clause (a)(i)(B) shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to make any nomination of a person or persons for election to the Board of Directors at an annual meeting or special meeting. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 10(a)(i), any nominee of a stockholder listed in the Corporation’s notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) shall not be considered at the annual meeting if the stockholder making such nomination has not fully complied with these Bylaws and Rule 14a-19 of the Exchange Act, with respect to such nominee. The number of nominees a stockholder may nominate for election at an annual or special meeting (or in the case of a stockholder giving the notice on behalf of a beneficial owner, the number of nominees a stockholder may nominate for election at the annual meeting or special meeting on behalf of the beneficial owner) shall not exceed the number of directors to be elected at such annual or special meeting. 7 (ii) For a stockholder to make any nomination of a person or persons to the Board of Directors at an annual meeting or at a special meeting of stockholders (but only if the election of directors is a matter specified in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the person calling such special meeting), such nominations must be properly brought before such meeting by a stockholder pursuant to clause (B) of paragraph (a)(i) of this Section 10, and the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing and in proper form to the Secretary of the Corporation and provide any updates or supplements to such notice at the times and in the forms required by this Section 10. To be timely for nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors at an annual meeting, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than ninety (90) nor more than one hundred twenty (120) days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders; provided, however, that in the event that the annual meeting is called for on a date that is not within thirty (30) days before or after such anniversary date of the annual meeting, notice by the stockholder in order to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which the first public announcement of the date of the annual meeting was made by the Corporation or the notice of the meeting was mailed by the Corporation, whichever first occurs. To be timely for nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors at a special meeting (but only if the election of directors is a matter specified in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the person calling such special meeting), a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than ninety (90) nor more than one hundred twenty (120) days prior to such special meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the special meeting is called for on a date that is less than ninety (90) days prior to the special meeting, notice by the stockholder in order to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which the first public announcement of the date of the special meeting was made by the Corporation or the notice of the special meeting was mailed by the Corporation, whichever first occurs. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting or special meeting, as applicable, of stockholders commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above. The stockholder’s notice shall contain, at a minimum, the information set forth in paragraph (b) of this Section 10. (iii) Notwithstanding anything in the second sentence of paragraph (a)(ii) of this Section 10 to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors of the Corporation at an annual meeting is increased effective after the time period for which nominations would otherwise be due under paragraph (a)(ii) of this Section 10 and there is no public announcement by the Corporation naming all of the nominees for director or specifying the size of the increased Board of Directors at least one hundred (100) days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting, a stockholder’s notice required by this Section 10 shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the Corporation. (b) Contents of Stockholder’s Notice. Any proper stockholder’s notice required by this Section 10 shall set forth: (i) As to each stockholder providing the notice of the nomination proposed to be made at the meeting, the beneficial owner or beneficial owners, if different, on whose behalf the notice of the nomination proposed to be made at the meeting is made, and any affiliate or associate of such stockholder or beneficial owner (each, a “Nominating Person”), (A) the name and address of such Nominating Person, which, with respect to a Nominating Person who is a record owner, shall be such address as it appears on the Corporation’s books, and (B) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are, directly or indirectly, owned of record or beneficially owned (within 8 the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) by such Nominating Person, except that such Nominating Person shall in all events be deemed to beneficially own any shares of any class or series of the Corporation as to which such Nominating Person has a right to acquire beneficial ownership at any time in the future; (ii) As to any Nominating Person, any Disclosable Interests (as defined in Section 9(c)(iii), except that for purposes of this Section 10(b) the term “Nominating Person” shall be substituted for the term “Proposing Person” in all places it appears in Section 9(c)(iii) and the disclosure in clauses (G) and (H) of Section 9(c)(iii) shall be made with respect to the election of directors at the meeting) and a representation whether the Nominating Person intends or is a part of a group which intends to solicit proxies in support of any proposed nominee in accordance with Rule 14a-19 under the Exchange Act; (iii) As to each person whom a Nominating Person proposes to nominate for election as a director, (A) the name, age, nationality, principal occupation and employment of such proposed nominee, (B) the business and residence address of such proposed nominee, (C) all information relating to such proposed nominee that is required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors in a contested election pursuant to Section 14(a) under the Exchange Act (including such proposed nominee’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected), (D) a description of all direct and indirect compensation and other material monetary agreements, arrangements and understandings during the past three years, and any other material relationships, between or among any Nominating Person, on the one hand, and each proposed nominee, and his or her respective affiliates and associates, on the other hand, including, without limitation, all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 under Regulation S-K if such Nominating Person were the “registrant” for purposes of such rule and the proposed nominee were a director or executive officer of such registrant, (E) a completed and signed questionnaire, representation and agreement as provided in Section 10(f) and (F) such nominee’s written consent to being named in the Corporation’s proxy statement and accompanying proxy card as a nominee of the stockholder and to serving as a director if elected; and (iv) The Corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information (A) as may reasonably be required by the Corporation to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as an independent director of the Corporation in accordance with the Corporation’s corporate governance guidelines or (B) that could be material to a reasonable stockholder’s understanding of the independence or lack of independence of such proposed nominee. (c) A stockholder providing notice of any nomination proposed to be made at a meeting shall further update and supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to Section 10(b) of Article III shall be true and correct as of the record date for the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than five (5) business days after the record date for the meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of the record date), and not later than eight (8) business days prior to the date for the meeting, if practicable (or, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to such meeting), or any adjournment or postponement thereof (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof). (d) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 10, unless otherwise required by law, if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to present a nomination, such nomination shall be disregarded, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the

9 Corporation. For purposes of this Section 10, to be considered a qualified representative of the stockholder, a person must be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such stockholder or must be authorized by a writing executed by such stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting of stockholders and such person must produce such writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission, at the meeting of stockholders. (e) Notwithstanding anything in these Bylaws to the contrary, only such persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 10 shall be eligible to be elected at an annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to serve as directors. Except as otherwise provided by law, the presiding officer of the meeting shall have the power and duty to (i) determine whether a nomination to be brought before an annual or special meeting was made in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 10 and (ii) if he or she determines that any proposed nomination is not in compliance with this Section 10 (including whether the stockholder or beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made solicits (or is part of a group which solicits), or fails to so solicit (as the case may be), proxies or votes in support of such stockholder’s nominee in compliance with such stockholder’s representation as required by this Section 10), declare that such defective nomination shall be disregarded. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in these Bylaws, unless otherwise required by law, if any stockholder (i) provides notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19 promulgated under the Exchange Act with respect to any proposed nominee and (ii) subsequently fails to comply with the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(2) or Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act (or fails to timely provide reasonable evidence sufficient to satisfy the Corporation that such stockholder has met the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act in accordance with the following sentence), then the nomination of each such proposed nominee shall be disregarded, notwithstanding that proxies or votes in respect of the election of such proposed nominees may have been received by the Corporation (which proxies and votes shall be disregarded). Upon request by the Corporation, if any stockholder provides notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act, such stockholder shall deliver to the Corporation, no later than five (5) business days prior to the applicable meeting, reasonable evidence that it has met the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act. (f) To be eligible to be a nominee for election as a director of the Corporation, if so requested by the Corporation, the proposed nominee must deliver (in accordance with the time periods prescribed for delivery of notice under this Section 10) to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation a written questionnaire with respect to the background and qualification of such proposed nominee (which questionnaire shall be provided by the Secretary upon written request) and a written representation and agreement (in the form provided by the Secretary upon written request) that such proposed nominee (i) is not and will not become a party to (A) any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such proposed nominee, if elected as a director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a “Voting Commitment”) that has not been disclosed to the Corporation or (B) any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such proposed nominee’s ability to comply, if elected as a director of the Corporation, with such proposed nominee’s fiduciary duties under applicable law, (ii) is not, and will not become a party to, any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director that has not been disclosed to the Corporation and (iii) in such proposed nominee’s individual capacity and on behalf of the stockholder (or the beneficial owner, if different) on whose behalf the nomination is made, would be in compliance, if elected as a director of the Corporation, and will comply with applicable publicly disclosed corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality and stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines of the Corporation. 10 (g) In addition to the requirements of this Section 10 with respect to any nomination proposed to be made at a meeting, each Nominating Person shall comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act with respect to any such nominations. Section 11. Meetings of stockholders shall be presided over by the Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or, in the absence of the foregoing persons, another chair designated by the Board of Directors. The date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders will vote at a meeting shall be determined by the chair of the meeting and announced at the meeting. The Board of Directors may adopt by resolution such rules and regulations for the conduct of the meeting of stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules and regulations as adopted by the Board of Directors, the chair of any meeting of stockholders shall have the exclusive right and authority to convene and (for any or no reason) to recess and/or adjourn the meeting, to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chair, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board of Directors or prescribed by the chair of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (i) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (ii) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (iii) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders of record of the Corporation, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other persons as the chair of the meeting shall determine; (iv) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof, and (v) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board of Directors or the chair of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure. Section 12. Any previously scheduled annual or special meeting of the stockholders may be postponed, and any previously scheduled annual or special meeting of the stockholders called by the Board of Directors may be canceled, by resolution of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors in its discretion may set a new record date for the postponed meeting. Section 13. The Board of Directors by resolution may, and to the extent required by law, shall appoint one or more inspectors, which inspector or inspectors may include individuals who serve the Corporation in other capacities, including, without limitation, as officers, employees, agents or representatives of the Corporation, to act at the meeting and make a written report thereof. One or more persons may be designated as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or alternate has been appointed to act, or if all inspectors or alternates who have been appointed are unable to act, at a meeting of stockholders, the chairman of the meeting may, and to the extent required by law, shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of his or her duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his or her ability. The inspectors shall have the duties prescribed by the DGCL. ARTICLE IV DIRECTORS Section 1. The number of directors that shall constitute the whole Board shall be determined solely by resolution of the Board of Directors. Directors need not be stockholders of the Corporation. Section 2. Vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled solely by a majority of the directors then in office, though less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. A person so elected by the Board to fill a vacancy or newly created 11 directorship shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the director for which the vacancy or newly created directorship was created or occurred and until such director’s successor shall have been duly elected and qualified. If there are no directors in office, then an election of directors may be held in the manner provided by statute. If, at the time of filling any vacancy or any newly created directorship, the directors then in office shall constitute less than a majority of the whole Board (as constituted immediately prior to any such increase), the Court of Chancery may, upon application of any stockholder or stockholders holding at least ten percent (10%) of the total number of the shares at the time outstanding having the right to vote for such directors, summarily order an election to be held to fill any such vacancies or newly created directorships, or to replace the directors chosen by the directors then in office. Section 3. The business of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of its Board of Directors which may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders. Meetings of the Board of Directors Section 4. The Board of Directors of the Corporation may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or without the State of Delaware. Section 5. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such time and at such place as shall from time to time be determined by the Board. Section 6. Special meetings of the Board may be called by the Chairman of the Board or president on two (2) days’ notice to each director by mail or twenty-four (24) hours’ notice to each director either personally or by facsimile, telephone or other electronic transmission; special meetings shall be called by the president or secretary or Chairman of the Board in like manner and on like notice on the written request of two directors unless the Board consists of only one director, in which case special meetings shall be called by the Chairman of the Board or the president or secretary in like manner and on like notice on the written request of the sole director. Section 7. At all meetings of the Board a majority of the total number of directors fixed in accordance with Section 1 of Article IV shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Board of Directors, except as may be otherwise specifically provided by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present. Section 8. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, (1) any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, as the case may be, and (2) a consent may be documented, signed and delivered in any manner permitted by the DGCL. After an action is taken, the consent or consents relating thereto shall be filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee thereof, in the same paper or electronic form as the minutes are maintained. Section 9. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, members of the Board of Directors, or any committee designated by the Board of Directors, may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors, or any committee, by means of conference telephone or other 12 communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting. Committees of Directors Section 10. The Corporation has opted into Section 141(c)(2) of the DGCL. The Board of Directors may, by resolution, designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. The Board may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence of disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Any such committee, to the extent permitted by law and to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it. Such committee or committees shall have such name or names as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, in these Bylaws or in the resolution of the Board of Directors designating a committee, a committee may create one or more subcommittees, each subcommittee to consist of one or more members of the committee, and delegate to the subcommittee any or all of the powers and authority of the committee, except otherwise prohibited by statute. Section 11. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the Board of Directors when required. Compensation of Directors Section 12. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the Board of Directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation of directors. The directors may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board of Director and may be paid a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors and a stated salary as director. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Removal of Directors Section 13. Any and all of the directors may be removed from office at any time, with or without cause, if such removal is approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the voting power of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation then entitled to vote in the election of directors. ARTICLE V NOTICES Section 1. Whenever, under the provisions of applicable law or of the Certificate of Incorporation or of these Bylaws, notice is required to be given to any director or stockholder, it shall not be construed to mean personal notice, but such notice may be given in writing, by mail, addressed to such director or stockholder, at his, her or its address as it appears on the records of the Corporation, with postage thereon prepaid, and such notice shall be deemed to be given at the time when the same shall be deposited in the

13 United States mail. Notice to directors may also be given by facsimile or electronic transmission. Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively to stockholders, and except as prohibited by applicable law, any notice to stockholders given by the Corporation under any provision of applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these Bylaws shall be effective if given by a single written notice to stockholders who share an address if consented to by the stockholders at that address to whom such notice is given. Any such consent shall be revocable by the stockholder by written notice to the Corporation. Any stockholder who fails to object in writing to the Corporation, within 60 days of having been given written notice by the Corporation of its intention to send the single notice permitted under this Section 1, shall be deemed to have consented to receiving such single written notice. Notice may also be given by electronic transmission to the stockholders in accordance with the provisions of the DGCL. Section 2. Whenever any notice is required to be given under the provisions of applicable law or of the Certificate of Incorporation or of these Bylaws, a waiver thereof in writing or by electronic transmission, by the person or persons entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent thereto. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at nor the purpose of any regular or special meeting of the stockholders, directors, or members of a committee of directors need be specified in a waiver of notice. ARTICLE VI OFFICERS Section 1. The officers of the Corporation shall be chosen by the Board of Directors and shall consist of a Chief Executive Officer, a Chief Financial Officer and a Secretary. The Board of Directors may elect from among its members a Chairman of the Board and a Vice Chairman of the Board. The Board of Directors may also choose a Treasurer, one or more Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers. Any number of offices may be held by the same person, unless the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws otherwise provide. Section 2. The Board of Directors may appoint such other officers and agents as it shall deem necessary who shall hold their offices for such terms and shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as shall be determined from time to time by the Board. Section 3. The officers of the Corporation shall be entitled to receive such compensation for their services as shall from time to time be determined by the Board of Directors. Section 4. The officers of the Corporation shall hold office until their successors are chosen and qualify. Any officer elected or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed at any time by the Board of Directors, but such removal shall be without prejudice to the contractual rights of such officer, if any, with the Corporation. Any officer may resign at any time upon written notice to the Corporation. Any vacancy occurring in any office of the Corporation shall be filled by the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the Board and Vice Chairman of the Board Section 5. The Board of Directors may appoint a Chairman of the Board and may, but is not obligated to, designate the Chairman of the Board as chief executive officer. If the Board of Directors appoints a Chairman of the Board, he or she shall perform such duties and possess such powers as are assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors. Unless otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and at all meetings of the Board of 14 Directors. If the Board of Directors appoints a Vice Chairman of the Board, he or she shall, in the absence or disability of the Chairman of the Board, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Chairman of the Board and shall perform such other duties and possess such other powers as may from time to time be vested in him or her by the Board of Directors. Chief Executive Officer or President Section 6. The Chief Executive Officer or President shall conduct general and active management of the business of the Corporation and shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board are carried into effect, subject, however, to the right of the directors to delegate any specific powers, except such as may be by statute exclusively conferred on the Chief Executive Officer or President, to any other officer or officers of the Corporation. The Chief Executive Officer or President shall have the general power and duties of supervision and management usually vested in the office of President of a corporation. In the absence of the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or President shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and the Board of Directors. The Vice-Presidents Section 7. In the absence of the President or in the event of his or her inability or refusal to act, the Vice President, if any, (or in the event there be more than one Vice President, the Vice Presidents in the order designated by the directors, or in the absence of any designation, then in the order of their election) shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President. The Vice Presidents shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe. The Secretary and Assistant Secretary Section 8. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board of Directors and all meetings of the stockholders and record all the proceedings of the meetings of the Corporation and of the Board of Directors in a book to be kept for that purpose and shall perform like duties for the standing committees when required. Such individual shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or president, under whose supervision such individual shall be. Such individual shall have custody of the corporate seal of the Corporation and he or she, or an Assistant Secretary, shall have authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it and when so affixed, it may be attested by his or her signature or by the signature of such assistant secretary. The Board of Directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to attest the affixing by his or her signature. Section 9. The Assistant Secretary, or if there be more than one, the Assistant Secretaries in the order determined by the Board of Directors (or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election) shall, in the absence of the Secretary or in the event of his or her inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Secretary and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe. The Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Assistant Treasurers Section 10. The Board of Directors shall have the authority to appoint a Chief Financial Officer who may also be the Treasurer or a Chief Financial Officer and a Treasurer and any Assistant Treasurers which the Board of Directors deems necessary to the operation of the Corporation. The Chief Financial Officer shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate accounts 15 of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation and shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. The Treasurer, if there be one separate from the Chief Financial Officer, shall have the duties prescribed by the Board of Directors. Section 11. The Chief Financial Officer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the President and the Board of Directors, at its regular meetings, or when the Board of Directors so requires, an account of all his or her transactions as Chief Financial Officer and of the financial condition of the Corporation. ARTICLE VII CERTIFICATE OF STOCK Section 1. The shares of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates, provided that the Board of Directors may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of stock shall be uncertificated shares evidenced by a book-entry system maintained by the registrar of such stock. Every holder of stock in the Corporation represented by certificates shall be entitled to have a certificate, signed by, or in the name of the Corporation by any two authorized officers of the Corporation (it being understood that each of the Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairman of the Board, the President, any Vice President, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary and any Assistant Secretary of the Corporation shall be an authorized officer for such purpose), certifying the number of shares owned by such stockholder in the Corporation. If the Corporation shall be authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class, the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualification, limitations or restrictions or such preferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or summarized on the face or back of the certificate which the Corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock, provided that, except as otherwise provided in Section 202 of the DGCL, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, there may be set forth on the face or back of the certificate which the Corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock, a statement that the Corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights. Section 2. Any of or all the signatures on the certificate may be facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such individual were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue. Lost Certificates Section 3. The Corporation may direct a new certificate or certificates to be issued in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates, the Corporation may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate or certificates, or his or her legal representative, to advertise the same in such manner as it shall require and/or give the Corporation a bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity against any 16 claim that may be made against the Corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed. Transfer of Stock Section 4. Upon surrender to the Corporation or the transfer agent of the Corporation of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignation or authority to transfer, it shall be the duty of the Corporation to issue a new certificate (if such shares are to be certificated) to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction upon its books. The Corporation shall transfer uncertificated shares in accordance with applicable law. Fixing Record Date Section 5. (a) In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall, unless otherwise required by law, not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting. If the Board of Directors so fixes a date, such date shall also be the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting unless the Board of Directors determines, at the time it fixes such record date, that a later date on or before the date of the meeting shall be the date for making such determination. If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting, and in such case shall also fix as the record date for stockholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting the same or an earlier date as that fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to vote in accordance herewith at the adjourned meeting. (b) In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall not be more than sixty (60) days prior to such action. If no such record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto. Registered Stockholders Section 6. The Corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof except as otherwise provided by applicable law.

17 ARTICLE VIII FORUMS FOR CERTAIN ACTIONS Section 1. Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee or stockholder of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation’s stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws or as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or, if such court does not have subject matter jurisdiction thereof, the federal district court of the State of Delaware. Section 2. Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Section 3. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Article VIII. ARTICLE IX GENERAL PROVISIONS Section 1. Dividends upon the capital stock of the Corporation, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, if any, may be declared by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting, pursuant to law. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the capital stock, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and pursuant to applicable law. Section 2. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the Corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation, or for such other purposes as the directors shall think conducive to the interest of the Corporation, and the directors may modify or abolish any such reserve in the manner in which it was created. Section 3. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall end on December 31, unless otherwise fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors. Section 4. The corporate seal shall be in such form as shall be approved by the Board of Directors. ARTICLE X INDEMNIFICATION Section 1. The Corporation shall indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended, any person (a "Covered Person") who was or is made or is threatened to be made a party or is otherwise involved in any action, suit or proceeding, 18 whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a "proceeding"), by reason of the fact that he or she, or a person for whom he or she is the legal representative, is or was or has agreed to become at the request of the Corporation a director or officer of the Corporation or, while a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or nonprofit entity, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, against all liability and loss suffered and expenses (including attorneys' fees) reasonably incurred by such Covered Person. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, except as otherwise provided in Section 3 of this Article X, the Corporation shall be required to indemnify a Covered Person in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) commenced by such Covered Person only if the commencement of such proceeding (or part thereof) by the Covered Person was authorized in the specific case by the Board of Directors of the Corporation. The rights to indemnification provided herein shall continue with respect to a Covered Person notwithstanding that such Covered Person ceases to be a director, officer or other employee or agent of the Corporation. Section 2. The Corporation shall to the fullest extent not prohibited by applicable law pay the expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred by a Covered Person in defending any proceeding in advance of its final disposition, provided, however, that, to the extent required by law, such payment of expenses in advance of the final disposition of the proceeding shall be made only upon receipt of an undertaking by the Covered Person to repay all amounts advanced if it should be ultimately determined that the Covered Person is not entitled to be indemnified under this Article X or otherwise. Section 3. If a claim for indemnification or advancement of expenses under this Article X is not paid in full within thirty days after a written claim therefor by the Covered Person has been received by the Corporation, the Covered Person may file suit to recover the unpaid amount of such claim and, if successful in whole or in part, shall be entitled to be paid the expense of prosecuting such claim. In any such action the Corporation shall have the burden of proving that the Covered Person is not entitled to the requested indemnification or advancement of expenses under applicable law. Section 4. The rights conferred on any Covered Person by this Article X shall not be exclusive of any other rights which such Covered Person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise. The Corporation may, to the extent authorized from time to time by its Board of Directors, grant indemnification rights to other employees or agents of the Corporation or other persons serving the Corporation and such rights may be equivalent to, or greater or less than, those provided herein. Section 5. The Corporation's obligation, if any, to indemnify or to advance expenses to any Covered Person who was or is serving at its request as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or nonprofit entity shall be reduced by any amount such Covered Person may collect as indemnification or advancement of expenses from such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit enterprise. The Corporation shall have the power to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person’s status as such. Section 6. Any right to indemnification or to advancement of expenses of any Covered Person arising hereunder shall not be eliminated or impaired by an amendment to or repeal of these bylaws after the occurrence of the act or omission that is the subject of the civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding for which indemnification or advancement of expenses is sought. 19 Section 7. This Article X shall not limit the right of the Corporation, to the extent and in the manner permitted by law, to indemnify and to advance expenses to persons other than Covered Persons when and as authorized by appropriate corporate action. ARTICLE XI AMENDMENTS These Bylaws may be repealed, altered, amended or rescinded by the stockholders of the Corporation by vote of not less than a majority of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors (considered for this purpose as one class) cast at a meeting of the stockholders called for that purpose (provided that notice of such proposed repeal, alteration, amendment or rescission is included in the notice of such meeting). In addition, in accordance with the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation, the Board of Directors may repeal, alter, amend or rescind these Bylaws by vote of a majority of the Board of Directors.