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Stock-Based Awards

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Stock-Based Awards

Stock-Based Awards

7. Stock-Based Awards

2025 Equity Incentive Plan

In April 2025, the Company’s board of directors adopted the 2025 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2025 Plan”) and in June 2025, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2025 Plan. Upon the 2025 Plan becoming effective, no further grants can be made under the Company’s 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”). The 2025 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit (“RSU”) awards, cash-based awards, and other stock-based awards. The number of shares initially reserved for issuance under the 2025 Plan was 25,532,993 shares of common stock, which includes (i) 9,000,000 new shares of common stock, (ii) 3,957,232 shares of common stock that remained available for future grant under the 2015 Plan upon adoption of the 2025 Plan and (iii) up to 12,575,761 shares of common stock underlying outstanding awards under the 2015 Plan and the 2012 Equity Compensation Plan (as amended and restated, the “2012 Plan”), which may become available for issuance under the 2025 Plan if and as such awards expire, are otherwise terminated, settled in cash, or repurchased by the Company. The shares of common stock underlying any awards that expire, or are otherwise terminated, settled in cash or repurchased by the Company under the 2025 Plan will be added back to the shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2025 Plan. As of September 30, 2025, 12,279,431 shares remained available for grant under the 2025 Plan. The Company had 794,760 stock options and 241,840 RSUs outstanding as of September 30, 2025 under the 2025 Plan.

2024 Inducement Plan

In November 2024, the Company’s board of directors adopted the 2024 Inducement Plan (the “2024 Inducement Plan”). The 2024 Inducement Plan is a non-stockholder approved stock plan adopted pursuant to the “inducement exception” provided under Nasdaq listing rules. The only employees eligible to receive grants of awards under the 2024 Inducement Plan are individuals who satisfy the standards for inducement grants under Nasdaq rules, generally including individuals who were not previously an employee or director of the Company. Under the terms of the 2024 Inducement Plan, the Company may grant up to 2,000,000 shares of common stock pursuant to nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, RSU awards, and other stock awards. The shares of common stock underlying any awards that expire, or are otherwise terminated, settled in cash or repurchased by the Company under the 2024 Inducement Plan will be added back to the shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2024 Inducement Plan. As of September 30, 2025, 493,500 shares remained available for grant under the 2024 Inducement Plan. The Company had 1,172,000 stock options and 334,500 RSUs outstanding as of September 30, 2025 under the 2024 Inducement Plan.

2017 Inducement Plan

In July 2017, the Company’s board of directors adopted the 2017 Inducement Plan (the “2017 Inducement Plan”). The 2017 Inducement Plan is a non-stockholder approved stock plan adopted pursuant to the “inducement exception” provided under Nasdaq listing rules. The Company had 343,500 stock options outstanding as of September 30, 2025 under the 2017 Inducement Plan. All shares of common stock that were eligible for issuance under the 2017 Inducement Plan after October 1, 2018, including any shares underlying any awards that expire or are otherwise terminated, reacquired to satisfy tax withholding obligations, settled in cash or repurchased by the Company in the future that would have been eligible for re-issuance under the 2017 Inducement Plan, were retired.

2015 Equity Incentive Plan

In September 2015, the Company’s board of directors adopted the 2015 Plan, and the Company’s stockholders approved the 2015 Plan. The 2015 Plan became effective in connection with the Company’s initial public offering in October 2015. Upon the 2015 Plan becoming effective, no further grants can be made under the 2012 Plan. Upon the 2025 Plan becoming effective, no further grants can be made under the 2015 Plan. The Company had 9,144,258 stock options and 3,098,491 RSUs outstanding as of September 30, 2025 under the 2015 Plan.

2012 Equity Compensation Plan

In August 2012, the Company’s board of directors adopted the 2012 Plan and the Company’s stockholders approved the 2012 Plan. Upon the 2015 Plan becoming effective, no further grants can be made under the 2012 Plan. The Company had no equity awards outstanding as of September 30, 2025 under the 2012 Plan.

Stock Option Valuation

The weighted average assumptions the Company used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:


		Nine Months Ended
		September 30,
		2025			2024
Risk-free interest rate		4.28	%		3.85	%
Expected term (in years)		6.2			6.0
Expected volatility		82.77	%		81.95	%
Expected dividend yield		0	%		0	%

The Company recognizes compensation expense for awards over their vesting period. Compensation expense for awards includes the impact of forfeitures in the period when they occur.

Stock Options

The following table summarizes stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2025:


							Weighted
				Weighted			Average
				Average			Remaining		Aggregate
		Number		Exercise			Contractual		Intrinsic
(In thousands, except share and per share data and years)		of Shares		Price			Term		Value
							(in years)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2024		6,721,967		$	11.12		6.8		$	2,968
Granted		5,194,155			2.16
Forfeited and cancelled		(461,604)			7.34
Outstanding as of September 30, 2025		11,454,518		$	7.27		7.8		$	2,157
Options vested and expected to vest as of September 30, 2025		11,454,518		$	7.27		7.8		$	2,157
Options exercisable as of September 30, 2025		4,358,272		$	13.75		5.7		$	911

The weighted average grant date fair value of stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $1.60 per share.

Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes RSU activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2025:


				Weighted
				Average
				Grant Date			Aggregate
		Number		Fair Value			Intrinsic
(In thousands, except share and per share data)		of Shares		Per Share			Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2024		2,276,151		$	5.12
Granted		2,093,713			2.23
Vested		(608,833)			8.32		$	1,355
Forfeited and cancelled		(86,200)			4.67
Outstanding as of September 30, 2025		3,674,831		$	2.96

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense included in total costs and expenses on the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss included the following:


		Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
		September 30,						September 30,
(In thousands)		2025			2024			2025			2024
Cost of revenue		$	191		$	232		$	600		$	707
Research and development			964			1,124			3,255			2,192
General and administrative			1,705			1,648			5,603			5,097
Total stock-based compensation expense		$	2,860		$	3,004		$	9,458		$	7,996

As of September 30, 2025, the Company had unrecognized stock-based compensation expense for stock options and RSUs of $12.4 million and $7.3 million, respectively, which is expected to be recognized over weighted average periods of 2.6 years and 2.3 years, respectively.