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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Income Taxes  
Schedule of Gross Deferred Tax Asset and Related Valuation Allowance

    

2022

    

2021

 

Deferred income tax assets:

Net operating loss carryforward

$

82,784,742

$

79,788,146

Research and orphan drug credits

 

51,184,585

 

47,976,370

Capitalized research costs

 

7,125,276

 

Capitalized start-up costs

 

726,724

 

920,516

Patent amortization

 

58,010

 

73,480

Stock-based compensation

 

7,247,715

 

7,102,947

Accrued bonus

733,235

592,260

Operating lease liabilities

252,777

528,340

Other

210,237

209,580

Gross deferred income tax assets

 

150,323,301

 

137,191,639

Valuation allowance

 

(149,972,514)

 

(136,613,829)

Net deferred income tax assets

 

350,787

 

577,810

Deferred income tax liabilities:

Operating lease right-of-use assets

 

(206,704)

 

(433,727)

Property and equipment

 

(144,083)

 

(144,083)

Gross deferred income tax liabilities

 

(350,787)

 

(577,810)

Net deferred income tax asset/(liability)

$

$

Schedule of Reconciliations Between Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate and Effective Income Tax Rate of Income Tax Expense

    

2022

    

2021

    

2020

 

U.S. Federal statutory tax rate

 

21.0

%  

21.0

%  

21.0

%

State taxes

 

6.1

 

5.9

 

5.7

Research credit

 

0.6

 

0.9

 

0.7

Orphan drug credit

 

4.8

 

6.6

 

9.8

Other

(3.9)

(0.3)

0.4

Change in valuation allowance

 

(28.6)

 

(34.1)

 

(37.6)

Provision for income taxes

 

%

%

%