<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001021771-24-000109.txt : 20240418
<SEC-HEADER>0001021771-24-000109.hdr.sgml : 20240418
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20240418171549
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001021771-24-000109
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	S-3/A
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		2
FILED AS OF DATE:		20240418
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20240418

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			KINGSTONE COMPANIES, INC.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000033992
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	FIRE, MARINE & CASUALTY INSURANCE [6331]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	02 Finance
		IRS NUMBER:				362476480
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		S-3/A
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-278539
		FILM NUMBER:		24855022

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		15 JOYS LANE
		CITY:			KINGSTON
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			12401
		BUSINESS PHONE:		516 374-7600

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		15 JOYS LANE
		CITY:			KINGSTON
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			12401

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	DCAP GROUP INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20050210

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	DCAP GROUP INC/
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19990702

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	EXTECH CORP
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19920703
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>S-3/A
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>s3a1htm.htm
<DESCRIPTION>AMENDMENT NO. 1
<TEXT>
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    <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 18, 2024</div>
    <div style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold;">Registration No. 333-278539</div>
    <div style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold;">
      <hr noshade="noshade" align="center" style="height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"> </div>
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    <div style="text-align: center; margin-top: 4pt; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold;">UNITED STATES</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold;">SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;">Washington, D.C. 20549</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;">____________________</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold;">Form S-3/A</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold;">(Amendment No. 1)</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold;">REGISTRATION STATEMENT</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">UNDER</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;">____________________</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 24pt; font-weight: bold;">KINGSTONE COMPANIES, INC.</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;">____________________</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="center" style="width: 60%; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;" id="zd4a500e4c5b445c6b7f968d0bd6393f5">

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            <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">Delaware</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 0.18%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 37.45%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">36-2476480</div>
          </td>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 62.37%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;">(State or other jurisdiction of</div>
            <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;">incorporation or organization)</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 0.18%; vertical-align: bottom;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 37.45%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;">(I.R.S. Employer</div>
            <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;">Identification No.)</div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-top: 12pt; font-weight: bold;">15 Joys Lane</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">Kingston, New York 12401</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">(845) 802-7900</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font>(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant&#8217;s principal executive offices)</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-top: 3pt; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;">____________________</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-top: 12pt; font-weight: bold;">Meryl S. Golden</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">President and Chief Executive Officer</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">Kingstone Companies, Inc.</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">15 Joys Lane</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">Kingston, New York 12401</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">(845) 802-7900</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: bold;"><font style="font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font>(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-top: 3pt; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;">____________________</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-top: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Copies of all communications, including communications sent to agent for service, should be sent to:</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">Fred Skolnik, Esq.</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">Certilman Balin Adler &amp; Hyman, LLP</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">90 Merrick Avenue</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">East Meadow, New York 11554</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">(516) 296-7000</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;">____________________</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><font style="font-weight: bold;">Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:</font> From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 12pt;">If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. &#9744;</div>
    <div class="BRPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
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    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 12pt;">If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in
      connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. &#8999;</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 12pt;">If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement
      number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. &#9744;</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 12pt;">If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier
      effective registration statement for the same offering. &#9744;</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 12pt;">If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e)
      under the Securities Act, check the following box. &#9744;</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 12pt;">If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to
      Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. &#9744;</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 12pt;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions
      of &#8220;large accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;smaller reporting company&#8221; and &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):</div>
    <div><br>
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            <div>Large accelerated filer</div>
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          <td style="width: 45.73%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div>&#9744;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 26.42%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div>Accelerated filer</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 5.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div>&#9744;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 21.94%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 45.73%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 26.42%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 5.91%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
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          <td style="width: 21.94%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div>Non-accelerated filer</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 45.73%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div>&#8999;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 26.42%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div>Smaller reporting company</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 5.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div>&#8999;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 21.94%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 45.73%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 26.42%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 5.91%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
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          <td style="width: 21.94%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 45.73%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 26.42%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div>Emerging growth company</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 5.91%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div>&#9744;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">____________________</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt;">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to
      Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. <font style="font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol', sans-serif;">&#9744;</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-weight: bold;">The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically
      states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act, or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said
      Section 8(a), may determine.</div>
    <div>
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    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration
      statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state or jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not
      permitted.</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">Subject to Completion, dated April 18, 2024</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="font-weight: bold;">PROSPECTUS</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold;">Kingstone Companies, Inc.</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 6pt; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold;">$50,000,000</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 6pt; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold;">Common Stock</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 6pt; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold;">Preferred Stock</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 6pt; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold;">Warrants</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 6pt; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold;">Debt Securities</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 6pt; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold;">Units</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 6pt;">____________________<br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-size: 12pt;"> <br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">We may offer, issue and sell, from time to time, in one or more offerings, the securities described in this prospectus.&#160; The aggregate initial offering price of all securities
      sold under this prospectus by us will not exceed $50,000,000.</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">This prospectus describes the general terms of our securities and the general manner in which our securities will be offered by us. We will provide the specific terms of these
      offerings in supplements to this prospectus. We may authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you in connection with these offerings. The applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus may also add,
      update or change information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. <font style="font-weight: bold;">You should carefully read this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, as well
        as any documents incorporated by reference, before buying any of the securities being offered.</font></div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">We may offer securities in amounts, at prices and on terms determined at the time of offering.&#160; Our securities may be sold directly to you, through agents, or through
      underwriters and dealers. If agents, underwriters or dealers are used to sell our securities, we will name them and describe their compensation in a prospectus supplement.&#160; No securities may be sold without delivery of this prospectus and the
      applicable prospectus supplement describing the method and terms of the offering of such securities.</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol &#8220;KINS.&#8221;</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">As of April 4, 2024, the aggregate market value of our outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates, or the public float, was $45,142,265, based on 11,007,824 shares of
      common stock outstanding, of which 9,708,014 shares were held by non-affiliates, and a price of $4.65 per share, which was the last reported sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market on April 2, 2024. Pursuant to General
      Instruction&#160;I.B.6&#160;of Form S-3, in no&#160;event will we sell shares pursuant to this prospectus with a value of more than one-third of the aggregate market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates in any 12-month period, so long as the aggregate
      market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $75,000,000.&#160; During the 12 calendar months prior to, and including, the date of this prospectus, we have not sold securities pursuant to General Instruction&#160;I.B.6 of Form S-3.</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
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    <div style="text-align: center; margin-top: 3pt;">____________________<br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should review carefully the risks and uncertainties described under the heading &#8220;<a href="#RISKFACTORS">Risk Factors</a>&#8221; on page 4 and contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, and under similar headings in the other documents that are incorporated by reference in this prospectus.</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this
      prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">This prospectus may not be used to consummate sales of securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 12pt;">____________________</div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">The date of this prospectus is</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 252pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">, 2024.</font></div>
    <div><br>
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    </div>
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    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">TABLE OF CONTENTS</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" id="zcb821d5dd96845d6906aef3494c78422">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 91.44%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 8.56%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Page</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 91.44%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="#ABOUTTHISPROSPECTUS">About This Prospectus<font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 12pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 8.56%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="#ABOUTTHISPROSPECTUS">1</a></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 91.44%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="#WHEREYOUCANOBTAINMOREINFO">Where You Can Obtain More Information<font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 12pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 8.56%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="#WHEREYOUCANOBTAINMOREINFO">2</a></div>
          </td>
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          <td style="width: 91.44%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="#INCORPORATIONOFCERTAININF">Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference<font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 12pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 8.56%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="#INCORPORATIONOFCERTAININF">2</a></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 91.44%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="#RISKFACTORS">Risk Factors<font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 12pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 8.56%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="#RISKFACTORS">4</a></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 91.44%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="#SPECIALCAUTIONARYNOTEREGA">Special Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements</a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 8.56%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="#SPECIALCAUTIONARYNOTEREGA">4</a></div>
          </td>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 91.44%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="#THECOMPANY">The Company<font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 12pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 8.56%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="#THECOMPANY">5</a></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 91.44%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="#USEOFPROCEEDS">Use of Proceeds<font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 12pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 8.56%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="#USEOFPROCEEDS">5<br>
              </a></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 91.44%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="#DESCRIPTIONOFSECURITIESWE">Description of Securities We May Offer<font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 12pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 8.56%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="#DESCRIPTIONOFSECURITIESWE">6</a></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 91.44%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="#PLANOFDISTRIBUTION">Plan of Distribution<font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 12pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 8.56%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="#PLANOFDISTRIBUTION">16</a></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 91.44%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="#LEGALMATTERS">Legal Matters<font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 12pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 8.56%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="#LEGALMATTERS">17</a></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 91.44%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="#EXPERTS">Experts<font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 12pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font></a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 8.56%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="#EXPERTS">18</a></div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" class="BRPFPageBreakArea">
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" class="BRPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; border-width: 0; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; clear: both;"></div>
    </div>
    <!--PROfilePageNumberReset%Num%1%%%-->
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"><a name="ABOUTTHISPROSPECTUS"><!--Anchor--></a>ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, referred to as the SEC, using a &#8220;shelf&#8221;
      registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may from time to time offer and sell any of the securities or any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount not to
      exceed $50,000,000.</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we sell securities, we will provide a prospectus
      supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. Such prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this
      prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement. You should read the information in this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement, any free writing prospectus that we
      authorize for use in connection with this offering and the additional information incorporated by reference herein as provided for under the heading &#8220;<a href="#INCORPORATIONOFCERTAININF">Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference</a>.&#8221;</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any free
      writing prospectuses that we authorize for use in connection with this offering. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different or additional information. If anyone provides you with different or additional information, you should not
      rely on it. We are not making an offer to sell the securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted or in which the person making such offer or solicitation is not qualified to do so or to any person to whom it is unlawful to
      make such offer or solicitation. You should not assume that the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement, or any free writing prospectus that we authorize for use in connection with this
      offering is accurate or complete as of any date other than the dates of the applicable documents. Our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents
      for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the
      registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under the heading &#8220;<a href="#WHEREYOUCANOBTAINMOREINFO">Where You Can Obtain More Information</a>.&#8221; As permitted by the rules
      and regulations of the SEC, the registration statement that contains this prospectus includes additional information not contained in this prospectus. You may read the registration statement and the other reports we file with the SEC at the SEC&#8217;s web
      site or at the SEC&#8217;s offices described below under the heading &#8220;<a href="#WHEREYOUCANOBTAINMOREINFO">Where You Can Obtain More Information</a>.&#8221;</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Unless the context of this prospectus indicates otherwise, the terms &#8220;Kingstone,&#8221; the &#8220;Company,&#8221; &#8220;we,&#8221; &#8220;us&#8221; or &#8220;our&#8221; refer to Kingstone Companies, Inc. and
      its consolidated subsidiaries. &#8220;KICO&#8221; refers to Kingstone Insurance Company, our principal operating subsidiary.</div>
    <div class="BRPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div class="BRPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: center;"><font class="BRPFPageNumber" style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">1</font></div>
      <div class="BRPFPageBreak" style="page-break-after: always;">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"><a name="WHEREYOUCANOBTAINMOREINFO"><!--Anchor--></a>WHERE YOU CAN OBTAIN MORE INFORMATION</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">We are subject to the information requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, referred to as the Exchange Act, which means that we are
      required to file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC, all of which are available at the Public Reference Room of the SEC at 100 F Street, NE, Washington D.C. 20549. You may also obtain copies of
      these reports, proxy statements and other information from the Public Reference Room of the SEC, at prescribed rates, by calling 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an Internet website at http://www.sec.gov where you can access reports, proxy
      statements, information and registration statements, and other information regarding us that we file electronically with the SEC. In addition, we make available, without charge, through our website, www.kingstonecompanies.com, electronic copies of
      various filings with the SEC, including copies of Annual Reports on Form 10-K. Information on our website should not be considered a part of this prospectus, and we do not intend to incorporate in this prospectus any information contained on our
      website. Our subsidiary, Kingstone Insurance Company, also has a website at www.kingstoneinsurance.com. The information on that website likewise is not and should not be considered part of this prospectus and is not incorporated in this prospectus by
      reference.</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"><a name="INCORPORATIONOFCERTAININF"><!--Anchor--></a>INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The SEC allows us to &#8220;incorporate by reference&#8221; the information we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring
      to those documents filed separately with the SEC. The information we incorporate by reference is an important part of this prospectus. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below, except to the extent that any information contained in
      those documents is deemed &#8220;furnished&#8221; in accordance with SEC rules.</div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" id="zbefd819b073c44fdb36fc29ff31c89d0">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 12.41%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 9pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font>&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 87.59%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/33992/000165495424004054/kins_10k.htm">Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023,
                filed with the SEC on April 1, 2024</a>;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 12.41%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 9pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font>&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 87.59%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/33992/000102177124000093/form8k.htm">Our Current Report on Form 8-K for an event dated April 9, 2024, filed with the SEC on April
                11, 2024;</a></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 12.41%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 9pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font>&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 87.59%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/33992/000102177124000101/kins8k.htm">Our Current Report on Form 8-K for an event dated April 15, 2024, filed with the SEC on April
                17, 2024; and</a></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 12.41%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 9pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font>&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 87.59%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The description of our common stock contained in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A (File No. 0-15362).</div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">We also incorporate by reference additional documents that we will file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act
      prior to the termination of the offering under this prospectus. Those documents include periodic reports such as Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, as well as proxy statements on Schedule DEF
      14A.</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Any statement contained in a document that is incorporated by reference will be modified or superseded for all purposes to the extent that a statement
      contained in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectus that we authorize for use in connection with this offering modifies or is contrary to that previous statement. Any statement so modified or superseded will not be
      deemed a part of this prospectus or any prospectus supplement except as so modified or superseded.</div>
    <div class="BRPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div class="BRPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: center;"><font class="BRPFPageNumber" style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">2</font></div>
      <div class="BRPFPageBreak" style="page-break-after: always;">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Documents which we incorporate by reference are available from us without charge, excluding all exhibits, unless we have specifically incorporated by
      reference an exhibit in this prospectus. You may obtain documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus by requesting them in writing or by telephone from us at:</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Kingstone Companies, Inc.</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">15 Joys Lane</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Kingston, New York 12401</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">(845) 802-7900</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Attention:&#160; Secretary</div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" class="BRPFPageBreakArea">
      <div class="BRPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: center;"><font class="BRPFPageNumber" style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">3</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" class="BRPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; border-width: 0; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; clear: both;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"><a name="RISKFACTORS"><!--Anchor--></a>RISK FACTORS</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-style: italic;">An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Prior to making a decision about investing in our securities, you
      should consider carefully the specific risk factors discussed in Item 1A (Risk Factors) of our most recent <a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/33992/000165495424004054/kins_10k.htm">Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
        December 31, 2023</a>, as filed with the SEC, and which is incorporated in this prospectus by reference in its entirety, as well as any amendment or updates to our risk factors reflected in subsequent filings with the SEC, including any prospectus
      supplement hereto. These risks and uncertainties are not the only risks and uncertainties we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or that we currently view as immaterial, may also impair our business. If any of the
      risks or uncertainties described in our SEC filings or any additional risks and uncertainties actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flow could be materially and adversely affected. In that case, the trading
      price of our securities could decline and you might lose all or part of your investment. Please also refer to the section below entitled &#8220;<a href="#SPECIALCAUTIONARYNOTEREGA">Special Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements</a>.&#8221;</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"><a name="SPECIALCAUTIONARYNOTEREGA"><!--Anchor--></a>SPECIAL CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</div>
    <div>
      <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Some of the statements in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus contain &#8220;forward-looking statements.&#8221; Forward-looking statements are made based on our
        management&#8217;s expectations and beliefs concerning future events impacting our company and are subject to uncertainties and factors relating to our operations and economic environment, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are
        beyond our control. You can identify these statements from our use of the words &#8220;estimate,&#8221; &#8220;project,&#8221; &#8220;believe,&#8221; &#8220;intend,&#8221; &#8220;anticipate,&#8221; &#8220;expect,&#8221; &#8220;target,&#8221; &#8220;plan,&#8221; &#8220;may&#8221; and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements may include, among
        other things:</div>
    </div>
    <div>
      <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" id="ze41871c775be4ed3bde604deac5ddf87">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#9679;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 95%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">statements relating to projected growth and management&#8217;s long-term performance goals;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#9679;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 95%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">statements relating to the anticipated effects on results of operations or our financial condition from expected developments or events;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#9679;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 95%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">statements relating to our business and growth strategies; and</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#9679;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 95%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">any other statements which are not historical facts.</div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div>
      <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    </div>
    <div>
      <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements, or
        industry results, to differ materially from our expectations of future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements may not be realized due to a variety of factors,
        including without limitation:</div>
    </div>
    <div>
      <div style="text-indent: 22.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" id="z4e393f09da5846a9886a9b3b43907d03">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#9679;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 95%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the risk of significant losses from catastrophes and severe weather events;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#9679;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 95%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">risks related to the lack of a financial strength rating from A.M. Best;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#9679;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 95%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">risks related to our indebtedness due on December 30, 2024, including due to the failure to comply with certain financial covenants;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#9679;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 95%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the risk that we may be unable to generate sufficient cash to service our debt obligations, including the indebtedness due on December 30, 2024, which may affect our ability to continue
              as a going concern;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#9679;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 95%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">adverse capital, credit and financial market conditions;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#9679;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 95%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the unavailability of reinsurance at current levels and prices;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#9679;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 95%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the exposure to greater net insurance losses in the event of reduced reliance on reinsurance;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div class="BRPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div class="BRPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: center;"><font class="BRPFPageNumber" style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">4</font></div>
      <div class="BRPFPageBreak" style="page-break-after: always;">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#9679;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 95%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the credit risk of our reinsurers;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#9679;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 95%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the inability to maintain the requisite amount of risk-based capital needed to grow our business;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#9679;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 95%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the effects of climate change on the frequency or severity of weather events and wildfires;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#9679;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 95%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">risks related to the limited market area of our business;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#9679;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 95%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">risks related to a concentration of business in a limited number of producers;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#9679;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 95%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">legislative and regulatory changes, including changes in insurance laws and regulations and their application by our regulators;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#9679;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 95%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">limitations with regard to our ability to pay dividends;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#9679;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 95%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the effects of competition in our market areas;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#9679;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 95%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">our reliance on certain key personnel;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#9679;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 95%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">risks related to security breaches or other attacks involving our computer systems or those of our vendors;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#9679;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 95%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">our reliance on information technology and information systems; and</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 2.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#9679;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 95%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">other factors and risks referred to under &#8220;<a href="#RISKFACTORS">Risk Factors</a>&#8221; on page 4 of this prospectus.</div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div>
      <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    </div>
    <div>
      <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement. These risks and uncertainties should be considered in evaluating any
        forward-looking statement contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this prospectus or, in the case of any document incorporated by reference, the date of that document.
        All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are qualified by the cautionary statements in this section.&#160; We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to
        reflect events or circumstances after the date of this prospectus or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. In addition, our past results are not necessarily indicative of our future results.</div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"><a name="THECOMPANY"><!--Anchor--></a>THE COMPANY</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">We are a northeast regional property and casualty insurance holding company whose principal operating subsidiary is Kingstone Insurance Company (&#8220;KICO&#8221;).
      KICO is a New York domiciled carrier writing business through retail and wholesale agents and brokers. KICO is actively writing personal lines and commercial auto insurance in New York, and in 2022 was the 15th largest writer of homeowners insurance
      in New York.&#160; KICO is also licensed in New Jersey, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, New Hampshire, and Maine.</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Our headquarters are located at 15 Joys Lane, Kingston, New York 12401. Our telephone number is (845) 802-7900. Our subsidiary, Kingstone Insurance Company, has a website at
      www.kingstoneinsurance.com and we maintain certain information on our website at www.kingstonecompanies.com. The information on those websites should not be considered part of this prospectus and is not incorporated in this prospectus by reference.</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"><a name="USEOFPROCEEDS"><!--Anchor--></a>USE OF PROCEEDS</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Unless we indicate a different use in an accompanying prospectus supplement, the net proceeds from our sale of the offered securities will be used to repay
      indebtedness and for general corporate purposes.</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The applicable prospectus supplement will provide more details on the use of proceeds of any specific offering.</div>
    <div class="BRPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div class="BRPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: center;"><font class="BRPFPageNumber" style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">5</font></div>
      <div class="BRPFPageBreak" style="page-break-after: always;">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"><a name="DESCRIPTIONOFSECURITIESWE"><!--Anchor--></a>DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">This prospectus contains summary descriptions of the common stock, preferred stock, warrants, debt securities and units that we may offer from time to
      time.&#160; These summary descriptions do not purport to be complete and are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, the more complete descriptions thereof set forth in our restated certificate of incorporation, which we refer to as
      our charter, and our bylaws, each as amended to date. The applicable prospectus supplement may add, update or change the terms and conditions of the securities as described in this prospectus.&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Authorization</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Our authorized capital stock consists of 22,500,000 shares of capital stock. We are authorized to issue 20,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $.01
      per share, and 2,500,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $.01 per share. &#160;</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">As of April 4, 2024, there were 11,007,824 shares of common stock issued and outstanding and no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding.</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Common Stock</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-size: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-style: italic;">Dividend Rights. </font><font style="font-size: 10pt;">Subject to preferences that may
        be applicable to any shares of our preferred stock that may be issued, the holders of our common stock are entitled to share ratably in such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available therefor.</font></div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">As a Delaware corporation, we may not declare and pay dividends on our capital stock if the amount paid exceeds an amount equal to the surplus which
      represents the excess of our net assets over paid-in capital or, if there is no surplus, our net earnings for the current and/or immediately preceding fiscal year. Dividends cannot be paid from our net profits unless the paid-in capital represented
      by the issued and outstanding stock having a preference upon the distribution of our assets at the market value is intact. Under applicable Delaware case law, dividends may not be paid on our capital stock if we become insolvent or the payment of the
      dividend will render us insolvent. To the extent we pay dividends and we are deemed to be insolvent or inadequately capitalized, a bankruptcy court could direct the return of any dividends.</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Our ability to pay cash dividends to our shareholders is also primarily dependent upon the cash dividends received from our subsidiary, KICO.&#160; See &#8220;As a
      holding company, we are dependent on the results of operations of our subsidiary, KICO; there are restrictions on payments of dividends by KICO&#8221; in Item 1A (Risk Factors) and Item 5 (Market for Registrant&#8217;s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters
      and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities-Dividends) of our most recent <a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/33992/000165495424004054/kins_10k.htm">Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023</a>, as filed
      with the SEC, and which is incorporated herein by reference.&#160; In addition, we are not permitted to pay any cash dividends without the approval of the holders of a majority of the outstanding principal amount of the outstanding promissory notes due on
      December 30, 2024.</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-size: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-style: italic;">Voting Rights. </font><font style="font-size: 10pt;">Each share of our common stock
        entitles its holder to one vote in the election of directors as well as all other matters to be voted on by shareholders. Holders of our common stock are entitled to cumulate their votes in the election of directors. This means that each
        shareholder has the right to cumulate his votes and give to one or more nominees as many votes as equals the number of directors to be elected multiplied by the number of shares he is entitled to vote. A shareholder may therefore cast his votes for
        one nominee or distribute them among two or more of the nominees.</font></div>
    <div class="BRPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div class="BRPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: center;"><font class="BRPFPageNumber" style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">6</font></div>
      <div class="BRPFPageBreak" style="page-break-after: always;">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;<font style="font-style: italic;">No Preemptive Rights. </font>Holders of our common stock do not have any preemptive rights to subscribe for additional
      shares on a pro rata basis or otherwise when additional shares are offered for sale by us.&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-size: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-style: italic;">Liquidation Rights. </font><font style="font-size: 10pt;">Subject to preferences that
        may be applicable to any shares of our preferred stock that may be issued, in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the holders of our common stock are entitled to receive, pro rata, after payment of all of our debts and
        liabilities, all of our remaining assets available for distribution. In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of any subsidiary, the holding company, as the sole shareholder of the subsidiary&#8217;s common stock, would be entitled to
        receive all remaining assets of that subsidiary available for distribution in cash or in kind after payment of all debts and liabilities of the subsidiary.&#160;</font></div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-size: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-style: italic;">Other Rights</font><font style="font-size: 10pt;">. Holders of our common stock have no
        preferences or conversion or exchange rights. Shares of our common stock will not be liable for further calls or assessments by us and are not subject to redemption. The holders of our common stock will not be liable for any of our liabilities.&#160;</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Preferred Stock</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Our board of directors has the authority, without further action by our shareholders, to issue from time to time the authorized preferred stock in one or
      more series, and to fix the number of shares, designations, preferences, powers, and other rights and qualifications, limitations or restrictions as our board of directors may authorize, including:</div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 10.53%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 9pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font>&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 89.47%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the distinctive designation of each series and the number of shares that will constitute the series;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 10.53%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 9pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font>&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 89.47%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the voting rights, if any, of shares of the series and the terms and conditions of the voting rights;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 10.53%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 9pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font>&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 89.47%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the dividend rate on the shares of the series, the dates on which dividends are payable, any restriction, limitation or condition upon the payment of dividends, whether dividends will be
              cumulative, and the dates from and after which dividends shall accumulate;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 10.53%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 9pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font>&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 89.47%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the prices at which, and the terms and conditions on which, the shares of the series may be redeemed, if the shares are redeemable;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 10.53%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 9pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font>&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 89.47%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the terms and conditions of a sinking or purchase fund for the purchase or redemption of shares of the series, if such a fund is provided;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div class="BRPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div class="BRPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: center;"><font class="BRPFPageNumber" style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">7</font></div>
      <div class="BRPFPageBreak" style="page-break-after: always;">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 10.53%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 9pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font>&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 89.47%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">any preferential amount payable upon shares of the series in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, or upon the distribution of any of our assets; and</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 10.53%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 9pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font>&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 89.47%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the prices or rates of conversion or exchange at which, and the terms and conditions on which, the shares of the series may be converted or exchanged into other securities, if the shares
              are convertible or exchangeable.</div>
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> <br>
            </div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Depending upon the rights prescribed for a series of preferred stock, the issuance of preferred stock could have an adverse effect on the voting power of
      the holders of common stock and could adversely affect holders of common stock by delaying or preventing a change in control, making removal of our present management more difficult or imposing restrictions upon the payment of dividends and other
      distributions to the holders of common stock.</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;The particular terms of any series of preferred stock, and the transfer agent and registrar for that series, will be described in a prospectus supplement.</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Warrants</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">We may offer to sell warrants from time to time. If we do so, we will describe the specific terms of the warrants in a prospectus supplement. In particular, we may issue
      warrants for the purchase of common stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities in one or more series. We may also issue warrants independently or together with other securities and the warrants may be attached to or separate from those securities.</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">We will evidence each series of warrants by warrant certificates that we will issue under a separate agreement. We will enter into the warrant agreement with a warrant agent.
      We will indicate the name and address of the warrant agent in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of warrants.</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of warrants, including:</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the offering price and aggregate number of warrants offered;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" id="z974590f9f2df4db2a06faae823ebe390">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
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          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
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    <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
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          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities with which the warrants are issued and the number of warrants issued with each such security or each
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        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
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          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">if applicable, the date on and after which the warrants and the related securities will be separately transferable;</div>
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    <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
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          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the principal amount of debt securities purchasable upon exercise of one warrant and the price at, and currency
              in which, this principal amount of debt securities may be purchased upon such exercise;</div>
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        </tr>

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    <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
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          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the number of shares of common stock or preferred stock, as the case may be, purchasable upon
              the exercise of one warrant and the price at which these shares may be purchased upon such exercise;</div>
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    <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
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            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the effect of any merger, consolidation, sale or other disposition of our business on the warrant agreement and the warrants;</div>
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    <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" id="ze5a38503e5a64d0d907634416d4cbbc1">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
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          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the terms of any rights to redeem or call the warrants;</div>
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        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
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            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the exercise price or number of securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants;</div>
            <div>&#160;</div>
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        <tr>
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            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#8226;</div>
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            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the dates on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and expire;</div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#8226;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the manner in which the warrant agreement and warrants may be modified;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#8226;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">certain United States federal income tax consequences of holding or exercising the warrants;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#8226;</div>
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          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-indent: 27.3pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the terms of the securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants; and</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#8226;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">any other specific material terms, preferences, rights or limitations of or restrictions on the warrants.</div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div>
      <div style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Debt Securities</div>
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    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The following is a description of the material features, terms and provisions of debt securities that we may offer. This summary does not purport to be exhaustive and may not
      contain all the information that is important to you. Therefore, you should read the applicable prospectus supplement relating to those debt securities and any other offering materials that we may provide.</div>
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    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">We may issue debt securities from time to time in one or more series. We may issue senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities under separate indentures, which may
      be supplemented or amended from time to time. Senior debt securities would be issued under a senior indenture and subordinated debt securities would be issued under a subordinated indenture. The senior debt indenture and subordinated debt indenture
      are referred to individually in this prospectus as the indenture, and collectively as the indentures.</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The particular terms of a series of debt securities will be described in a prospectus supplement relating to such series of debt securities. The indentures will be subject to
      and governed by the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, and may be supplemented or amended from time to time following their execution. Unless otherwise stated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will not be limited in the amount of debt
      securities that we may issue and neither the senior debt securities nor the subordinated debt securities will be secured by any of our property or assets. Thus, by owning debt securities, you are one of our unsecured creditors.</div>
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      <div class="BRPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: center;"><font class="BRPFPageNumber" style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">9</font></div>
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    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">We are a holding company and conduct substantially all of our operations through our subsidiary, KICO. As a result, claims of holders of debt securities will generally have a
      junior position to claims of creditors of KICO.&#160;&#160;In addition, our right to participate as a shareholder in any distribution of assets of KICO (and thus the ability of holders of debt securities to benefit from such distribution as our creditors) is
      junior to creditors of KICO.</div>
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    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The indentures, and any supplemental indentures, will contain the full legal text of the matters described in this section of the prospectus. Because this section is a summary,
      it does not describe every aspect of the debt securities or any applicable indentures or supplemental indenture. This summary is therefore subject to and is qualified in its entirety by reference to all the provisions of any applicable indenture or
      supplemental indenture, including any definitions of terms used in such indenture. Your rights will be defined by the terms of any applicable indenture or supplemental indenture, not the summary provided herein. This summary is also subject to and
      qualified by reference to the description of the particular terms of a particular series of debt securities described in the applicable prospectus supplement or supplements.</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The debt securities may be denominated and payable in U.S. dollars. We may also issue debt securities, from time to time, with the principal amount, interest or other amounts
      payable on any relevant payment date to be determined by reference to one or more currency exchange rates, securities or baskets of securities, commodity prices, indices or any other financial, economic or other measure or instrument, including the
      occurrence or non-occurrence of any event or circumstance. In addition, we may issue debt securities as part of any units issued by us. All references in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement to other amounts will include premiums, if any,
      other cash amounts payable under the applicable indenture, and the delivery of securities or baskets of securities under the terms of the debt securities. Debt securities may bear interest at a fixed rate, which may be zero, or a floating rate.</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms, if any, on which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for our preferred
      stock, common stock or other securities. We will include provisions as to whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option. We may include provisions pursuant to which the number of shares of our preferred
      stock, common stock or other securities that holders of the series of debt securities receive would be subject to adjustment.</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the debt securities and the price or prices at which we will offer the debt securities. The description will, to the extent
      applicable, include:</div>
    <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
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          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the title and form of the debt securities;</div>
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        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" id="z56808f0aeb484c2db1650a804bedfed2">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the ranking of the debt securities as compared to other debt;</div>
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    </table>
    <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" id="z00ae9345685142c1b695a8bd93171271">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
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          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the aggregate principal amount of the debt securities or the series of which they are a part;</div>
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    </table>
    <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
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          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the person or persons to whom any principal or interest on a debt security of the series will be paid;</div>
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    </table>
    <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <div class="BRPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div class="BRPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: center;"><font class="BRPFPageNumber" style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">10</font></div>
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        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the date or dates on which we must repay the principal;</div>
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    </table>
    <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
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          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the rate or rates at which the debt securities will bear interest;</div>
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    </table>
    <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the date or dates from which interest will accrue, and the dates on which we must pay interest;</div>
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        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" id="z8cb7e97715f24586a2be14378f1ad942">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the place or places where we must pay the principal and any premium or interest on the debt securities;</div>
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    </table>
    <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" id="z11975992d57d4f8ab45a01e8816aaa7e">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the terms and conditions on which the debt securities may be convertible into other securities;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" id="z5c7f4548221a44d1949f0c24a784d0f1">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">whether the debt securities are entitled to the benefit of any sinking fund;</div>
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    </table>
    <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" id="zcd3712f0ce3f49b6a64b211b2c8bb7df">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the identity of the trustee;</div>
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    </table>
    <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" id="z73afb5af35d443c0b392818a4a7a6ea4">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the terms and conditions on which we may redeem any debt security, if at all;</div>
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        </tr>

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    <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
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          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
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    <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
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          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
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    <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
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          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the manner in which we will determine the amount of principal of or any premium or interest on the debt securities;</div>
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    <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
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          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
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          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the currency in which we will pay the principal of and any premium or interest on the debt securities;</div>
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    <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
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          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the principal amount of the debt securities that we will pay upon declaration of acceleration of their maturity;</div>
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    <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
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          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the amount that will be deemed to be the principal amount for any purpose, including the principal amount that will be due and payable upon any maturity or that will
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    <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
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          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
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    <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 8.6%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
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          <td style="width: 91.4%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 27.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">any addition to or change in the events of default applicable to the debt securities and any change in the right of the trustee or the holders to declare the
              principal amount of any of the debt securities due and payable.</div>
          </td>
        </tr>

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    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Some of the debt securities may be issued as original issue discount debt securities. Original issue discount securities bear no interest or bear interest at below market rates
      and will be sold at a discount below their stated principal amount. A prospectus supplement relating to an issue of original issue discount securities will contain information relating to United States federal income tax, accounting, and other
      special considerations applicable to original issue discount securities.</div>
    <div><br>
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      <div class="BRPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: center;"><font class="BRPFPageNumber" style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">11</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Units</div>
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    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">We may issue units comprised of one or more of the other securities described in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement in any combination. Each unit will be issued so
      that the holder of the unit is also the holder, with the rights and obligations of a holder, of each security included in the unit. The unit agreement under which a unit is issued may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be held
      or transferred separately, at any time or at any times before a specified date or upon the occurrence of a specified event or occurrence.</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The applicable prospectus supplement will describe:</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.52%; vertical-align: middle;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 91.34%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 31.2pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the designation and the terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances those securities may be held or
              transferred separately;</div>
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        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.52%; vertical-align: middle;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 91.34%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 31.2pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.52%; vertical-align: middle;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
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          <td style="width: 91.34%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 31.2pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">any unit agreement under which the units will be issued;</div>
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        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.52%; vertical-align: middle;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 91.34%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 31.2pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.52%; vertical-align: middle;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 91.34%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 31.2pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">any provisions for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units or of the securities comprising the units; and</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.52%; vertical-align: middle;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 91.34%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 31.2pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 2.52%; vertical-align: middle;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 6.14%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#8226;</div>
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          <td style="width: 91.34%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 31.2pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">whether the units will be issued in fully registered or global form.</div>
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        </tr>

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    <div style="text-align: justify;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Certain Provisions Having Potential Anti-Takeover Effects</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-size: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-style: italic;">General.</font><font style="font-size: 10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160; The following is a summary of the
        material provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, which we refer to as the DGCL, and our charter and bylaws that address matters of corporate governance and the rights of shareholders. Certain of these provisions may
        delay or prevent takeover attempts not first approved by our board of directors (including takeovers which certain shareholders may deem to be in their best interests). These provisions also could delay or frustrate the removal of incumbent
        directors or the assumption of control by shareholders. The primary purpose of these provisions is to encourage negotiations with our management by persons interested in acquiring control of our company. All references to the charter and bylaws are
        to our charter and bylaws in effect on the date of this prospectus.</font></div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-size: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-style: italic;">Filling Vacancies.</font><font style="font-size: 10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160; Vacancies occurring in our
        board of directors and newly created directorships resulting from an increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled by a majority of the remaining directors, even if less than a quorum.</font></div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-size: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-style: italic;">Amendment of Bylaws.</font><font style="font-size: 10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Subject to certain
        restrictions described below, either our board of directors or our shareholders may amend or repeal our bylaws.</font></div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-size: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-style: italic;">Special Meetings of Shareholders.</font><font style="font-size: 10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Our bylaws
        provide that special meetings of shareholders may be called only by a majority of our board of directors.</font></div>
    <div class="BRPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div class="BRPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: center;"><font class="BRPFPageNumber" style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">12</font></div>
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    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-size: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-style: italic;">Authorized But Unissued Shares.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt;">Delaware law
        does not require shareholder approval for any issuance of authorized shares. Authorized but unissued shares may be used for a variety of corporate purposes, including future public or private offerings to raise additional capital or to facilitate
        corporate acquisitions. One of the effects of the existence of authorized but unissued shares may be to enable our board of directors to issue shares to persons friendly to current management, which issuance could render more difficult or
        discourage an attempt to obtain control of us by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise, and thereby protect the continuity of our management and possibly deprive the shareholders of opportunities to sell their shares of common
        stock at prices higher than prevailing market prices.</font></div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-size: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-style: italic;">Preferred Stock</font><font style="font-size: 10pt;">.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Under the terms of our
        charter, our board of directors is authorized to issue shares of preferred stock in one or more series without shareholder approval. Our board of directors has the discretion to determine the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions,
        including voting rights, dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges and liquidation preferences, of each series of preferred stock. The purpose of authorizing our board of directors to issue preferred stock and determine its rights
        and preferences is to provide flexibility and eliminate delays associated with a shareholder vote on specific issues. However, the ability of our board of directors to issue preferred stock and determine its rights and preferences may have the
        effect of delaying or preventing a change in control, as described above under &#8220;<a href="#DESCRIPTIONOFSECURITIESWE">Description of Securities We May Offer</a> &#8212; Preferred Stock.&#8221;</font></div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-size: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-style: italic;">Advance Notification of Shareholder Nominations and Proposals</font><font style="font-size: 10pt;">.&#160; &#160; Our bylaws establish advance notice procedures with respect to the nomination of persons for election as directors, other than nominations made by or at the direction of our board of directors, and shareholder
        proposals for business.</font></div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-size: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-style: italic;">Shareholder Nominees.&#160; &#160; </font><font style="font-size: 10pt;">In order for a
        shareholder to nominate a candidate for director, under our bylaws, timely notice of the nomination must be received by us in advance of the meeting.&#160; To be timely, the notice must be received at our principal executive offices not less than 60
        days nor more than 90 days prior to the meeting; however, if less than 70 days&#8217; notice of the date of the meeting is given to shareholders and public disclosure of the meeting date, pursuant to a press release, is either not made at all or is made
        less than 70 days prior to the meeting date, notice by a shareholder to be timely made must be so received no later than the close of business on the tenth day following the earlier of the following:</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 14.28%; vertical-align: top;">
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the day on which the notice of the date of the meeting was made available to shareholders, or</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14.28%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 9pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font>&#160;</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the day on which such public disclosure of the meeting date was made.</div>
          </td>
        </tr>

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    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The shareholder sending the notice of nomination must describe various matters, including such information as:</div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14.28%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 9pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font>&#160;</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the name, age, business and residence addresses, occupation or employment and shares held by the nominee;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14.28%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 9pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font>&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 85.72%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">any other information relating to such nominee required to be disclosed in a proxy statement; and</div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
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      <div class="BRPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: center;"><font class="BRPFPageNumber" style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">13</font></div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14.28%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 9pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font>&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 85.72%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the name, address and number of shares held by the shareholder.</div>
          </td>
        </tr>

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    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;<font style="font-style: italic;">Shareholder Proposals.&#160;&#160; </font>In order for a shareholder to make a proposal at an annual meeting of shareholders,
      under our bylaws, timely notice must be received by us in advance of the meeting. To be timely, the proposal must be received by our Secretary at our principal executive offices on a date which is not less than 60 days nor more than 90 days prior to
      the date which is one year from the date of the mailing of the notice regarding the availability of proxy materials for the prior year&#8217;s annual meeting of shareholders. If during the prior year we did not hold an annual meeting, or if the date of the
      meeting for which a shareholder intends to submit a proposal has changed more than 30 days from the date of the meeting in the prior year, then the notice must be received a reasonable time before we mail the notice regarding the availability of
      proxy materials for the current year. A shareholder&#8217;s notice must set forth as to each matter the shareholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting certain information regarding the proposal, including the following:</div>
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          <td style="width: 14.28%; vertical-align: top;">
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          <td style="width: 85.72%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at such meeting;</div>
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        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14.28%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 9pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font>&#160;</div>
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          <td style="width: 85.72%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the name and address of the shareholder proposing such business;</div>
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        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14.28%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 9pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font>&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 85.72%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the class and number of our shares which are beneficially owned by such shareholder; and</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14.28%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 9pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font>&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 85.72%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">any material interest of such shareholder in such business.</div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-size: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-style: italic;">Statutory and other Restrictions on Acquisition of our Capital Stock.&#160;&#160; </font><font style="font-size: 10pt;">We are subject to Section&#160;203 of the DGCL, which, subject to certain exceptions, prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any business combination with an interested shareholder, unless: &#160;</font></div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" id="zf87f56c1419642a19decffd03f566cdc">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14.27%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 9pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font>&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 85.73%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">prior to the time of the proposed action, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the shareholder becoming
              an interested shareholder;</div>
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> <br>
            </div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14.27%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 9pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font>&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 85.73%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">upon completion of the transaction that resulted in the shareholder becoming an interested shareholder, the interested shareholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the
              corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the number of shares outstanding those shares owned (i)&#160;by persons who are directors and also officers and (ii)&#160;by employee stock plans in
              which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or</div>
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> <br>
            </div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14.27%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><font style="font-family: Symbol, serif;">&#8226;</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 9pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font>&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 85.73%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">at or subsequent to the time of the proposed action, the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of shareholders, and not
              by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested shareholder.</div>
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> <br>
            </div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">These provisions are intended to enhance the likelihood of continuity and stability in the composition of the board and in policies formulated by the board
      and to discourage certain types of transactions that may involve an actual or threatened change of control of our company. These provisions are designed to reduce our vulnerability to an unsolicited proposal for a takeover that does not contemplate
      the acquisition of all of our outstanding shares or an unsolicited proposal for the restructuring or sale of all or part of our company.<font style="font-weight: bold;">&#160;</font></div>
    <div class="BRPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div class="BRPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: center;"><font class="BRPFPageNumber" style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">14</font></div>
      <div class="BRPFPageBreak" style="page-break-after: always;">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Limitations on Director Liability</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Our charter provides that our directors shall generally not be liable to us or any of our shareholders for monetary damages for breach of duty as a
      director. This provision will eliminate such liability except for (i)&#160;any breach of the director&#8217;s duty of loyalty to us or to our shareholders, (ii)&#160;acts and omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation
      of law, (iii)&#160;liability for unlawful payment of dividends or unlawful stock purchases or redemptions in violation of the DGCL, and (iv)&#160;any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Indemnification of Directors and Officers</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Section&#160;145 of the DGCL empowers a Delaware corporation to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any
      threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of such corporation), by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer,
      employee or agent of such corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or other enterprise. A corporation may indemnify such person against expenses (including
      attorneys&#8217; fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be
      in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. A corporation may, in advance of the final disposition of any
      civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding, pay the expenses (including attorneys&#8217; fees) incurred by any officer or director in defending such action, provided that the officer or director undertakes to repay such
      amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he or she is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation.</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">A Delaware corporation may indemnify officers and directors in an action by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor under the
      same conditions, except that no indemnification is permitted without judicial approval if the officer or director is adjudged to be liable to the corporation. Where an officer or director is successful on the merits or otherwise in the defense of any
      action referred to above, the corporation must indemnify him or her against the expenses (including attorneys&#8217; fees) which he or she actually and reasonably incurred in connection therewith. The indemnification provided by the DGCL is not deemed to
      be exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under any corporation&#8217;s bylaws, agreement, vote or otherwise.</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Our bylaws provide that we will to the fullest extent permitted by Section 145 of the DGCL indemnify all persons whom we may indemnify pursuant thereto.</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers and controlling
        persons under the provisions discussed above or otherwise, we have been advised that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.</font><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#160;</font>&#160;</div>
    <div class="BRPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div class="BRPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: center;"><font class="BRPFPageNumber" style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">15</font></div>
      <div class="BRPFPageBreak" style="page-break-after: always;">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Transfer Agent</div>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The transfer agent for our common stock is Equiniti Trust Company, LLC.</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"><a name="PLANOFDISTRIBUTION"><!--Anchor--></a>PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">We may use this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we authorize for use in connection with this
      offering to sell our securities from time to time pursuant to underwritten public offerings, negotiated transactions, block trades or a combination of these methods. We may sell our securities (1) through one or more underwriters or dealers, (2)
      through one or more agents, and/or (3) directly to one or more purchasers. We may distribute our securities from time to time in one or more transactions at:</div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" id="zd5a720a3b0054061a4c6894f09f0728f">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 18.03%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; text-indent: -0.65pt; margin-left: 35.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#8226;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 81.97%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">a fixed price or prices, which may be changed;</div>
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> <br>
            </div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 18.03%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; text-indent: -0.65pt; margin-left: 35.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#8226;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 81.97%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">market prices prevailing at the time of sale;</div>
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> <br>
            </div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 18.03%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; text-indent: -0.65pt; margin-left: 35.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#8226;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 81.97%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">prices related to the prevailing market prices;</div>
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> <br>
            </div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 18.03%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; text-indent: -0.65pt; margin-left: 35.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#8226;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 81.97%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">varying prices determined at the time of sale; or</div>
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> <br>
            </div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 18.03%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; text-indent: -0.65pt; margin-left: 35.25pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#8226;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 81.97%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">negotiated prices.</div>
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> <br>
            </div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">We may solicit directly offers to purchase the securities being offered by this prospectus. We may also designate agents to solicit offers to purchase our
      securities from time to time. We will name in a prospectus supplement any underwriter, dealer or agent involved in the offer or sale of our securities and describe any commissions payable by us to these agents in the applicable prospectus supplement.
      Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, these agents will be acting on a best efforts basis for the period of their appointment. The agents may be customers of, or may engage in transactions with or perform services for,
      us in the ordinary course of business.</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">We may also sell equity securities covered by this registration statement in an &#8220;at the market&#8221; offering as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act. Such offering
      may be made into an existing trading market for such securities in transactions at other than a fixed price on or through the facilities of the Nasdaq Capital Market or any other securities exchange or quotation or trading service on which such
      securities may be listed, quoted or traded at the time of sale. Such at the market offerings, if any, may be conducted by underwriters acting as principal or agent.</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">If we utilize a dealer in the sale of the securities being offered by this prospectus, we will sell our securities to the dealer, as principal. The dealer
      may then resell our securities to the public at varying prices to be determined by the dealer at the time of resale.</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">If we utilize an underwriter in the sale of our securities being offered by this prospectus, we will execute an underwriting agreement with the underwriter
      at the time of sale and we will provide the name of any underwriter in the prospectus supplement which the underwriter will use to make resales of our securities to the public. In connection with the sale of our securities, we, or the purchasers of
      our securities for whom the underwriter may act as agent, may compensate the underwriter in the form of underwriting discounts or commissions. The underwriter may sell our securities to or through dealers, and the underwriter may compensate those
      dealers in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions.</div>
    <div class="BRPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div class="BRPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: center;"><font class="BRPFPageNumber" style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">16</font></div>
      <div class="BRPFPageBreak" style="page-break-after: always;">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">With respect to underwritten public offerings, negotiated transactions and block trades, we will provide in the applicable prospectus supplement any
      compensation we pay to underwriters, dealers or agents in connection with the offering of our securities, and any discounts, concessions or commissions allowed by underwriters to participating dealers. Underwriters, dealers and agents participating
      in the distribution of our securities may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act and any discounts and commissions received by them and any profit realized by them on resale of our securities may be deemed to be
      underwriting discounts and commissions. We may enter into agreements to indemnify underwriters, dealers and agents against civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments they may be required to make in
      respect thereof.</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Our common stock is listed for trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market.&#160; We may elect to list any other security we offer on an exchange, but we are not obligated to do so.&#160; To
      facilitate the offering of our securities, certain persons participating in the offering may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of our securities. This may include over-allotments or short sales of our
      securities, which involve the sale by persons participating in the offering of more securities than we sold to them. In these circumstances, these persons would cover such over-allotments or short positions by making purchases in the open market or
      by exercising their over-allotment option. In addition, these persons may stabilize or maintain the price of our securities by bidding for or purchasing our securities in the open market or by imposing penalty bids, whereby selling concessions
      allowed to dealers participating in the offering may be reclaimed if securities sold by them are repurchased in connection with stabilization transactions. The effect of these transactions may be to stabilize or maintain the market price of our
      securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market.&#160; These transactions may be discontinued at any time.</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The underwriters, dealers and agents may engage in other transactions with us, or perform other services for us, in the ordinary course of their business.</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">In order to comply with the securities laws of certain states, if applicable, the securities offered by this prospectus may be sold in these jurisdictions
      only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers.&#160; In addition, in certain states, the securities offered by this prospectus may not be sold unless such securities have been registered or qualified for sale in these states or an exemption from
      registration or qualification is available.</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"><a name="LEGALMATTERS"><!--Anchor--></a>LEGAL MATTERS</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Except as otherwise provided in any prospectus supplement, the validity of the issuance of the securities to be offered by this prospectus will be passed
      upon for us by Certilman Balin Adler &amp; Hyman, LLP, East Meadow, New York. As of April 4, 2024, members of Certilman Balin Adler &amp; Hyman, LLP beneficially owned ------30,968 shares of our common stock. If legal matters in connection with
      offerings made pursuant to this prospectus are passed upon by counsel for underwriters, dealers or agents, if any, such counsel will be named in the prospectus supplement relating to such offering.</div>
    <div class="BRPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div class="BRPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: center;"><font class="BRPFPageNumber" style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">17</font></div>
      <div class="BRPFPageBreak" style="page-break-after: always;">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"><a name="EXPERTS"><!--Anchor--></a>EXPERTS</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Our consolidated financial statements as of December&#160;31, 2023 and 2022 for the years then ended appearing in our <a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/33992/000165495424004054/kins_10k.htm">Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023</a> have been incorporated by reference in this prospectus in reliance upon the report of
      Marcum LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, incorporated by reference herein, and upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.</div>
    <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" class="BRPFPageBreakArea">
      <div class="BRPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: center;"><font class="BRPFPageNumber" style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">18</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" class="BRPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; border-width: 0; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; clear: both;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-top: 27pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">KINGSTONE COMPANIES, INC.</div>
    <div style="margin-top: 27pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 6pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">$50,000,000</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 6pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Common Stock</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 6pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Preferred Stock</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 6pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Warrants</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 6pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Debt Securities</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 6pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Units</div>
    <div style="margin-top: 27pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <div>
      <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;
        <hr noshade="noshade" align="center" style="height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-top: 13.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">PROSPECTUS</div>
    <div>
      <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    </div>
    <div>
      <hr noshade="noshade" align="center" style="height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"></div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-top: 54pt; font-weight: bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;, 2024</div>
    <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" class="BRPFPageBreakArea">
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" class="BRPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; border-width: 0; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; clear: both;"></div>
    </div>
    <!--PROfilePageNumberReset%Num%1%II-%%-->
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">PART II</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS</div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" id="z7ce4aafebc914478acd45f141aef13d5">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 10%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#160;Item&#160;14.</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.</div>
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"> <br>
            </div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The following table sets forth the costs and expenses to be incurred by the Registrant in connection with the issuance and distribution of the securities
      being offered hereby.&#160;&#160; With the exception of the Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee, all fees and expenses set forth below are estimates.</div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="cfttable" id="z095174bd62e34f7f81def1ef68b56c30" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; color: #000000; width: 100%;">

        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" class="cftguttercell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Amount</div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" class="cftfncell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: 2px;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee</div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" class="cftguttercell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" class="cftcurrcell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">$</div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" class="cftnumcell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">7,380</div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" class="cftfncell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Accounting fees and expenses</div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" class="cftguttercell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" class="cftcurrcell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" class="cftnumcell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">*</div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" class="cftfncell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Legal fees and expenses</div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" class="cftguttercell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" class="cftcurrcell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" class="cftnumcell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">*</div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" class="cftfncell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Printing expenses</div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" class="cftguttercell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" class="cftcurrcell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" class="cftnumcell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">*</div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" class="cftfncell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Miscellaneous expenses (including amounts paid to FINRA, Nasdaq and the transfer agent)</div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" class="cftguttercell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" class="cftcurrcell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" class="cftnumcell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 solid 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">
            <div></div>
            *<br>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" class="cftfncell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2px; background-color: #CCEEFF;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%; padding-bottom: 4px;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Total</div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" class="cftguttercell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" class="cftcurrcell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px;">
            <div><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">$</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" class="cftnumcell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%; border-bottom: #000000 double 4px;">
            <div><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">*</font></div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" class="cftfncell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4px;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td valign="bottom" style="vertical-align: top; width: 88%;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">___________________________</div>
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">*These fees will be dependent on the type of securities offered and number of offerings and, therefore, cannot be estimated at this time.</div>
            <div>&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td valign="bottom" class="cftguttercell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" class="cftcurrcell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" class="cftnumcell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 9%;">&#160;</td>
          <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" class="cftfncell" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 10%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Item&#160;15.</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Indemnification of Directors and Officers.</div>
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"> <br>
            </div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Section&#160;145 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the &#8220;DGCL&#8221;) empowers a Delaware corporation to indemnify any person who was or is a
      party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of such corporation), by reason of the
      fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or other enterprise. A corporation
      may indemnify such person against expenses (including attorneys&#8217; fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if he or she acted in good
      faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. A
      corporation may, in advance of the final disposition of any civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding, pay the expenses (including attorneys&#8217; fees) incurred by any officer or director in defending such action,
      provided that the officer or director undertakes to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he or she is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation.</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">A Delaware corporation may indemnify officers and directors in an action by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor under the
      same conditions, except that no indemnification is permitted without judicial approval if the officer or director is adjudged to be liable to the corporation. Where an officer or director is successful on the merits or otherwise in the defense of any
      action referred to above, the corporation must indemnify him or her against the expenses (including attorneys&#8217; fees) which he or she actually and reasonably incurred in connection therewith. The indemnification provided by the DGCL is not deemed to
      be exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under any corporation&#8217;s bylaws, agreement, vote or otherwise.</div>
    <div class="BRPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div class="BRPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: center;"><font class="BRPFPageNumber" style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">II-1</font></div>
      <div class="BRPFPageBreak" style="page-break-after: always;">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The registrant&#8217;s bylaws provide that the registrant will to the fullest extent permitted by Section 145 of the DGCL indemnify all persons whom it may
      indemnify pursuant thereto.</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;The form of Underwriting Agreement included as an exhibit to this registration statement, if applicable, provides for indemnification by the underwriter
      of the registrant and its officers and directors against certain liabilities.</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to the registrant&#8217;s directors, officers and
        controlling persons under the provisions discussed above or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore,
        unenforceable.</font><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#160;</font>&#160;</div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" id="z31aeae1cb695464e80a5fde518fba77d">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 10%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Item&#160;16.</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Exhibits.</div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" id="ze33e2ff8c6bd49848b9c2e4d129d7997">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 4%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">(a)</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 96%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The following exhibits are filed as part of this registration statement:</div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" id="z63f000fc70944449a2abd166ecc0f8f9">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 18.94%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid black;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Exhibit No.</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 81.06%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 18.94%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 18pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/33992/000102177124000087/ex4_1.htm">4.1</a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 81.06%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/33992/000102177124000087/ex4_1.htm">Form of Indenture*</a></div>
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> <a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/33992/000102177124000087/ex4_1.htm"><br>
              </a></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 18.94%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 18pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/33992/000102177124000087/ex5_1.htm">5.1</a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 81.06%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/33992/000102177124000087/ex5_1.htm">Opinion of Certilman Balin Adler &amp; Hyman, LLP*</a></div>
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> <a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/33992/000102177124000087/ex5_1.htm"><br>
              </a></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 18.94%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 18pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="ex23_1.htm">23.1</a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 81.06%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="ex23_1.htm">Consent of Marcum LLP**</a></div>
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> <a href="ex23_1.htm"><br>
              </a></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 18.94%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 18pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/33992/000102177124000087/ex5_1.htm">23.2</a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 81.06%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/33992/000102177124000087/ex5_1.htm">Consent of Certilman Balin Adler &amp; Hyman, LLP is included in the opinion of Certilman Balin Adler
                &amp; Hyman, LLP, filed as Exhibit 5.1.</a></div>
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> <a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/33992/000102177124000087/ex5_1.htm"><br>
              </a></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 18.94%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 18pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/33992/000102177124000087/s3.htm">24.1</a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 81.06%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/33992/000102177124000087/s3.htm">Power of Attorney (included in Part II as part of the signature page of the Registration Statement)</a></div>
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> <a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/33992/000102177124000087/s3.htm"><br>
              </a></div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 18.94%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="margin-left: 18pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/33992/000102177124000087/ex107.htm">107</a></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 81.06%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/33992/000102177124000087/ex107.htm">Filing Fee Table*</a></div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;__________</div>
    <div><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> </font><br>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" id="z2523febe1ed64ea4a0a396182ff01cdd">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 100%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">* Previously filed.</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 100%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">** Filed herewith.</div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    <div class="BRPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div class="BRPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: center;"><font class="BRPFPageNumber" style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">II-2</font></div>
      <div class="BRPFPageBreak" style="page-break-after: always;">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" id="zf45253760c08423c9531c6a341661231">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 10%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Item&#160;17.</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 90%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Undertakings.</div>
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;"> <br>
            </div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">(1)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 36pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:</font></div>
    <div style="text-indent: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">(i)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 36pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;</font></div>
    <div style="text-indent: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">(ii)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 36pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent
        a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which
        was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price
        represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the &#8220;Calculation of Registration Fee&#8221; table in the effective registration statement; and</font></div>
    <div style="text-indent: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">(iii)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 36pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement.</font></div>
    <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt; font-size: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-style: italic;">Provided</font><font style="font-size: 10pt;">,<font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-style: italic;"> however</font>, that paragraphs (1)(i), (ii) and (iii) above do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished
        to the Securities and Exchange Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in this registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus
        filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.</font></div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">(2)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 36pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein,
        and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.</font></div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">(3)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 36pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.</font></div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">(4)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 36pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:</font></div>
    <div style="text-indent: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">(i)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 36pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">if the registrant is relying on Rule 430B:</font></div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000; margin-bottom: 12pt;" class="DSPFListTable" id="z1b075728da5742b888f9df7b8de677ea">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 108pt;"><br>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 36pt; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">(A)</td>
          <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and
              included in the registration statement; and</div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div class="BRPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div class="BRPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: center;"><font class="BRPFPageNumber" style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">II-3</font></div>
      <div class="BRPFPageBreak" style="page-break-after: always;">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-indent: 0pt; margin-left: 108pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">(B) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance
      on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii) or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration
      statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of
      the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the
      offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a
      document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or
      modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date; or</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">(ii)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 36pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">if the registrant is subject to Rule 430C, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other
        than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or
        prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a
        time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of
        first use.</font></div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">(5)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 36pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a
        primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by
        means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:</font></div>
    <div style="text-indent: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">(i)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 36pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;</font></div>
    <div style="text-indent: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">(ii)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 36pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;</font></div>
    <div class="BRPFPageBreakArea" style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
      <div class="BRPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: center;"><font class="BRPFPageNumber" style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">II-4</font></div>
      <div class="BRPFPageBreak" style="page-break-after: always;">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;"></div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-indent: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">(iii)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 36pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">the portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and</font></div>
    <div style="text-indent: 72pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">(iv)</font><font style="display: inline-block; text-indent: 0px; width: 36pt;" class="TRGRRTFtoHTMLTab">&#160;</font><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.</font></div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the
      registrant&#8217;s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan&#8217;s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
      1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial
      bona fide offering thereof.</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the
      registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and
      is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the
      successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been
      settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such
      issue.</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:</div>
    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;" id="z7adb446f4bac4583a895626e6c466afc">

        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14.54%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">1)</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance
              upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared
              effective.</div>
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> <br>
            </div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 14.54%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">2)</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration
              statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.</div>
          </td>
        </tr>

    </table>
    <div style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" class="BRPFPageBreakArea">
      <div class="BRPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: center;"><font class="BRPFPageNumber" style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">II-5</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" class="BRPFPageBreak">
        <hr noshade="noshade" style="margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; border-width: 0; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; clear: both;"></div>
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    <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">SIGNATURES</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the
      requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this Amendment No. 1 to registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Kingston, State of New York, on April 18, 2024.</div>
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          <td style="width: 49.96%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-size: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</font></div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">KINGSTONE COMPANIES, INC.</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 49.96%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
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          <td colspan="2" style="width: 50.04%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 49.96%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">By:</div>
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          <td style="width: 45.54%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-style: italic;">/s/ Meryl S. Golden</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 49.96%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 4.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
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          <td style="width: 45.54%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Meryl S. Golden</div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 49.96%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
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          <td style="width: 4.5%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
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          <td style="width: 45.54%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Chief Executive Officer</div>
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    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Form S-3 has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.</div>
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          <td style="width: 26.99%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Signature</div>
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          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
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          <td style="width: 49.02%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Title</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
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          <td style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">Date</div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 26.99%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 49.02%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 26.99%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-style: italic;">/s/ Meryl S. Golden</div>
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          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 49.02%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Chief Executive Officer, President and Director (Principal Executive Officer)</div>
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          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;April 18, 2024</div>
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        <tr>
          <td style="width: 26.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Meryl S. Golden<font style="font-weight: bold;">&#160;</font></div>
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          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 49.02%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#160;</div>
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          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-weight: bold;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 26.99%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 49.02%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 26.99%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-style: italic;">*</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
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          <td rowspan="2" style="width: 49.02%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Executive Chairman of the Board</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td rowspan="2" style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">April 18, 2024</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 26.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Barry B. Goldstein</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 26.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 49.02%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 26.99%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: #000000 2px solid;">
            <div>&#160;</div>
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          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td rowspan="2" style="width: 49.02%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td rowspan="2" style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">April 18, 2024</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 26.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Jennifer L. Gravelle</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 26.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-style: italic;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 49.02%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 26.99%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-style: italic;">*</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td rowspan="2" style="width: 49.02%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Secretary and Director</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td rowspan="2" style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">April 18, 2024</div>
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        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 26.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Floyd R. Tupper</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 26.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 49.02%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">&#160;</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 26.99%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-style: italic;">*</div>
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          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 49.02%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Director (Lead Independent Director)</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">April 18, 2024</div>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 26.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Timothy P. McFadden</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 49.02%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width: 26.99%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 49.02%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">April 18, 2024</div>
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          <td rowspan="2" style="width: 49.02%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Director</div>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Carla A. D&#8217;Andre</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 26.99%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 49.02%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Director</div>
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          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 49.02%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 49.02%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">By: /s/ <font style="font-style: italic;">Meryl S. Golden</font></div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 49.02%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
        </tr>
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          <td style="width: 26.99%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Meryl S. Golden</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 49.02%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Attorney-In-Fact</div>
          </td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 49.02%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 1.99%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
          <td style="width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">&#160;</td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>ex23_1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>CONSENT OF MARCUM
<TEXT>
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  <div>Ex 23.1<br>
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    <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;"><u>INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM&#8217;S CONSENT</u></div>
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    <div style="text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt;">We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement of Kingstone Companies, Inc. on Amendment No.1 to Form S-3 (File No.
      333-278539) of our report dated April 1, 2024 with respect to our audits of the consolidated financial statements of Kingstone Companies, Inc. and Subsidiaries as of December&#160;31, 2023 and 2022 and for the years then ended, appearing in the Annual
      Report on Form 10-K of Kingstone Companies, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2023. We also consent to the reference to our firm under the heading &#8220;Experts&#8221; in the Prospectus, which is part of this Registration Statement.</div>
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    <div>/s/ Marcum LLP<br>
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    <div style="font-size: 12pt;">Marcum <font style="font-variant: small-caps;">llp</font></div>
    <div style="font-size: 12pt;">Hartford, CT</div>
    <div style="font-size: 12pt;">April 18, 2024</div>
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