10-Q 1 efsi-20190331x10q.htm 10-Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

ý | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019
or

¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 0-20146
EAGLE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Virginia |  | 54-1601306
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
2 East Main Street P.O. Box 391 Berryville, Virginia |  | 22611
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(540) 955-2510
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Date File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (232.405 of this Chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ¨ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ý
Non-accelerated filer |  | ¨ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ý
|  |  |  | Emerging growth company |  | ¨
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. |  | ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No ý
The number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock ($2.50 par value) outstanding as of May 2, 2019 was 3,420,994.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements: |
| Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 | 1
| Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 | 2
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 | 3
| Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 | 5
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 7
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 27
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 40
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 40
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 41
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 41
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 41
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 41
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 41
Item 5. | Other Information | 41
Item 6. | Exhibits | 42

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
EAGLE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

| March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| (Unaudited) |  |
Assets |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 8,747 |  |  | $ | 12,358 |
Interest-bearing deposits with other institutions | 3,468 |  |  | 5,995 |
Total cash and cash equivalents | 12,215 |  |  | 18,353 |
Securities available for sale, at fair value | 143,975 |  |  | 144,298 |
Restricted investments | 1,170 |  |  | 1,170 |
Loans | 619,208 |  |  | 606,827 |
Allowance for loan losses | (5,685 | ) |  | (5,456 | )
Net Loans | 613,523 |  |  | 601,371 |
Bank premises and equipment, net | 19,208 |  |  | 19,083 |
Other real estate owned, net of allowance | 106 |  |  | 106 |
Other assets | 18,520 |  |  | 15,236 |
Total assets | $ | 808,717 |  |  | $ | 799,617 |
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |
Noninterest bearing demand deposits | $ | 255,567 |  |  | $ | 251,184 |
Savings and interest bearing demand deposits | 336,109 |  |  | 336,778 |
Time deposits | 115,763 |  |  | 115,142 |
Total deposits | $ | 707,439 |  |  | $ | 703,104 |
Federal funds purchased | 355 |  |  | 1,871 |
Other liabilities | 9,738 |  |  | 7,043 |
Total liabilities | $ | 717,532 |  |  | $ | 712,018 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |
Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |
Preferred stock, $10 par value; 500,000 shares authorized and unissued | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Common stock, $2.50 par value; authorized 10,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 2019, 3,459,549 including 18,151 shares of unvested restricted stock; issued and outstanding 2018, 3,445,914 including 16,701 shares of unvested restricted stock | 8,604 |  |  | 8,573 |
Surplus | 12,116 |  |  | 11,992 |
Retained earnings | 70,328 |  |  | 68,587 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | 137 |  |  | (1,553 | )
Total shareholders’ equity | $ | 91,185 |  |  | $ | 87,599 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 808,717 |  |  | $ | 799,617 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1

EAGLE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

| Three Months Ended
| March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Interest and Dividend Income |  |  |
Interest and fees on loans | $ | 7,518 |  |  | $ | 6,541 |
Interest and dividends on investment securities: |  |  |
Taxable interest income | 785 |  |  | 605 |
Interest income exempt from federal income taxes | 242 |  |  | 262 |
Dividends | 16 |  |  | 13 |
Interest on deposits with other institutions | 31 |  |  | 53 |
Interest on federal funds sold | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Total interest and dividend income | $ | 8,593 |  |  | $ | 7,475 |
Interest Expense |  |  |
Interest on deposits | $ | 944 |  |  | $ | 426 |
Interest on federal funds purchased | 25 |  |  | — |
Total interest expense | $ | 969 |  |  | $ | 426 |
Net interest income | $ | 7,624 |  |  | $ | 7,049 |
Provision for Loan Losses | 194 |  |  | 205 |
Net interest income after provision for loan losses | $ | 7,430 |  |  | $ | 6,844 |
Noninterest Income |  |  |
Income from fiduciary activities | $ | 282 |  |  | $ | 444 |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 285 |  |  | 308 |
Other service charges and fees | 1,071 |  |  | 961 |
(Loss) gain on sale of securities | (3 | ) |  | 11 |
Gain (loss) on disposal of bank premises and equipment | 120 |  |  | (3 | )
Other operating income | 89 |  |  | 80 |
Total noninterest income | $ | 1,844 |  |  | $ | 1,801 |
Noninterest Expenses |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits | $ | 3,542 |  |  | $ | 3,526 |
Occupancy expenses | 428 |  |  | 371 |
Equipment expenses | 202 |  |  | 219 |
Advertising and marketing expenses | 218 |  |  | 185 |
Stationery and supplies | 29 |  |  | 56 |
ATM network fees | 230 |  |  | 206 |
Other real estate owned expense | — |  |  | 130 |
(Gain) on other real estate owned | — |  |  | (397 | )
FDIC assessment | 53 |  |  | 58 |
Computer software expense | 110 |  |  | 139 |
Bank franchise tax | 146 |  |  | 134 |
Professional fees | 385 |  |  | 275 |
Data processing fees | 240 |  |  | 125 |
Other operating expenses | 648 |  |  | 603 |
Total noninterest expenses | $ | 6,231 |  |  | $ | 5,630 |
Income before income taxes | $ | 3,043 |  |  | $ | 3,015 |
Income Tax Expense | 472 |  |  | 476 |
Net income | $ | 2,571 |  |  | $ | 2,539 |
Earnings Per Share |  |  |
Net income per common share, basic | $ | 0.74 |  |  | $ | 0.73 |
Net income per common share, diluted | $ | 0.74 |  |  | $ | 0.73 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
2

EAGLE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands)

| Three Months Ended
| March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Net income | $ | 2,571 |  |  | $ | 2,539 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |
Unrealized gain (loss) on available for sale securities net of reclassification adjustments, and net of deferred income tax of $450 and ($689) for the three months ended, respectively | 1,690 |  |  | (2,593 | )
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 1,690 |  |  | $ | (2,593 | )
Total comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 4,261 |  |  | $ | (54 | )

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
3

EAGLE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

| Common Stock |  | Surplus |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Total
Balance, December 31, 2017 | $ | 8,587 |  |  | $ | 12,075 |  |  | $ | 62,845 |  |  | $ | 310 |  |  | $ | 83,817 |
Net income |  |  |  |  | 2,539 |  |  |  |  | 2,539 |
Other comprehensive (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,593 | ) |  | (2,593 | )
Vesting of restricted stock awards, stock incentive plan (9,109 shares) | 23 |  |  | (23 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 81 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 81 |
Issuance of common stock, dividend investment plan (5,681 shares) | 14 |  |  | 166 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 180 |
Repurchase and retirement of common stock (5,000 shares) | (13 | ) |  | (144 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (157 | )
Dividends declared ($0.23 per share) |  |  |  |  | (796 | ) |  |  |  | (796 | )
Balance, March 31, 2018 | $ | 8,611 |  |  | $ | 12,155 |  |  | $ | 64,588 |  |  | $ | (2,283 | ) |  | $ | 83,071 |
Balance, December 31, 2018 | $ | 8,573 |  |  | $ | 11,992 |  |  | $ | 68,587 |  |  | $ | (1,553 | ) |  | 87,599 |
Net income |  |  |  |  | 2,571 |  |  |  |  | 2,571 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,690 |  |  | 1,690 |
Vesting of restricted stock awards, stock incentive plan (10,000 shares) | 25 |  |  | (25 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 86 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 86 |
Issuance of common stock, dividend investment plan (3,685 shares) | 9 |  |  | 107 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 116 |
Repurchase and retirement of common stock (1,500 shares) | (3 | ) |  | (44 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (47 | )
Dividends declared ($0.24 per share) |  |  |  |  | (830 | ) |  |  |  | (830 | )
Balance, March 31, 2019 | $ | 8,604 |  |  | $ | 12,116 |  |  | $ | 70,328 |  |  | $ | 137 |  |  | $ | 91,185 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
4

EAGLE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands)

| Three Months Ended
| March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Cash Flows from Operating Activities |  |  |
Net income | $ | 2,571 |  |  | $ | 2,539 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation | 231 |  |  | 234 |
Amortization of other assets | 58 |  |  | 45 |
Provision for loan losses | 194 |  |  | 205 |
(Gain) on other real estate owned | — |  |  | (397 | )
(Gain) loss on the sale and disposal of premises and equipment | (120 | ) |  | 3 |
Loss (gain) on the sale of securities | 3 |  |  | (11 | )
Stock-based compensation expense | 86 |  |  | 81 |
Premium amortization on securities, net | 99 |  |  | 149 |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |
(Increase) in other assets | (47 | ) |  | (60 | )
(Decrease) in other liabilities | (1,050 | ) |  | (11,373 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | 2,025 |  |  | $ | (8,585 | )
Cash Flows from Investing Activities |  |  |
Proceeds from maturities, calls, and principal payments of securities available for sale | $ | 2,431 |  |  | $ | 5,181 |
Proceeds from the sale of securities available for sale | 3,818 |  |  | 3,464 |
Purchases of securities available for sale | (3,888 | ) |  | (8,319 | )
Purchases of restricted investments | — |  |  | (59 | )
Purchases of bank premises and equipment | (494 | ) |  | (132 | )
Proceeds from the sale of bank premises and equipment | 258 |  |  | — |
Net (increase) in loans | (12,346 | ) |  | (15,673 | )
Net cash (used in) investing activities | $ | (10,221 | ) |  | $ | (15,538 | )
Cash Flows from Financing Activities |  |  |
Net increase in noninterest bearing demand deposits, savings, and interest bearing demand deposits | $ | 3,714 |  |  | $ | 22,861 |
Net increase (decrease) in time deposits | 621 |  |  | (629 | )
Net (decrease) in federal funds purchased | (1,516 | ) |  | — |
Repurchase and retirement of common stock | (47 | ) |  | (157 | )
Cash dividends paid | (714 | ) |  | (616 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities | $ | 2,058 |  |  | $ | 21,459 |

5

EAGLE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands)
(continued)

| Three Months Ended
| March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
(Decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | $ | (6,138 | ) |  | $ | (2,664 | )
Cash and Cash Equivalents |  |  |
Beginning | 18,353 |  |  | 35,848 |
Ending | $ | 12,215 |  |  | $ | 33,184 |
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information |  |  |
Cash payments for: |  |  |
Interest | $ | 954 |  |  | $ | 410 |
Income taxes | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Supplemental Schedule of Noncash Investing and Financing Activities: |  |  |
Unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale | $ | 2,140 |  |  | $ | (3,282 | )
Other real estate and repossessed assets acquired in settlement of loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,799 |
Issuance of common stock, dividend investment plan | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 180 |
Lease liabilities arising from right-of-use assets | $ | 3,751 |  |  | $ | — |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
6

EAGLE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
March 31, 2019
NOTE 1. General
The accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP.
In the opinion of management, the accompanying financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring accruals) necessary to present fairly the financial position at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (the “2018 Form 10-K”).
Eagle Financial Services, Inc. (the "Company") owns 100% of Bank of Clarke County (the “Bank”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions between the Company and the Bank have been eliminated.
Certain amounts in the consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to current year presentations. None of the reclassifications were of a material nature and they had no effect on prior year net income or shareholders' equity.
NOTE 2. Stock-Based Compensation Plan
During 2014, the Company’s shareholders approved a stock incentive plan which allows key employees and directors to increase their personal financial interest in the Company. This plan permits the issuance of incentive stock options and non-qualified stock options and the award of stock appreciation rights, common stock, restricted stock, and phantom stock. The plan authorizes the issuance of up to 500,000 shares of common stock.
The Company periodically grants restricted stock to its directors, executive officers and certain non-executive officers. Restricted stock provides grantees with rights to shares of common stock upon completion of a service period or achievement of Company performance measures. During the restriction period, all shares are considered outstanding and dividends are paid to the grantee. In general, outside directors are periodically granted restricted shares which vest over a period of less than 9 months. Beginning during 2006, executive officers were granted restricted shares which vest over a 3 year service period and restricted shares which vest based on meeting annual performance measures over a 1 year period. Beginning in 2018, certain non-executive officers also were granted restricted shares which vest over a 3 year service period. The Company recognizes compensation expense over the restricted period based on the fair value of the Company's stock on the grant date. The Company's policy is to recognize forfeitures as they occur. As of March 31, 2019, there was $275 thousand of unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock.
The following table presents restricted stock activity for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:

| Three Months Ended
| March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
| Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested, beginning of period | 16,701 |  |  | $ | 29.72 |  |  | 14,401 |  |  | $ | 24.68 |
Granted | 11,450 |  |  | 30.51 |  |  | 11,450 |  |  | 32.00 |
Vested | (10,000 | ) |  | 29.38 |  |  | (9,109 | ) |  | 24.63 |
Forfeited | — |  |  | — |  |  | (41 | ) |  | 25.50 |
Nonvested, end of period | 18,151 |  |  | 30.40 |  |  | 16,701 |  |  | 29.72 |

7

NOTE 3. Earnings Per Common Share
Basic earnings per share represents income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Nonvested restricted shares are included in the weighted average number of common shares used to compute basic earnings per share because of dividend participation and voting rights. Diluted earnings per share reflects additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued, as well as any adjustment to income that would result from the assumed issuance. The number of potential common shares is determined using the treasury method.
The following table shows the weighted average number of shares used in computing earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. During 2019 and 2018, there were no potentially dilutive securities outstanding.

| Three Months Ended
| March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share | 3,458,213 |  |  | 3,463,118 |

NOTE 4. Securities
Amortized costs and fair values of securities available for sale at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:

| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized (Losses) |  | Fair Value
| March 31, 2019
| (in thousands)
Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies | $ | 23,807 |  |  | $ | 122 |  |  | $ | (235 | ) |  | $ | 23,694 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 77,868 |  |  | 373 |  |  | (597 | ) |  | 77,644 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 42,180 |  |  | 628 |  |  | (171 | ) |  | 42,637 |
| $ | 143,855 |  |  | $ | 1,123 |  |  | $ | (1,003 | ) |  | $ | 143,975 |
| December 31, 2018
| (in thousands)
Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies | $ | 22,183 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | (481 | ) |  | $ | 21,731 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 77,976 |  |  | 145 |  |  | (1,638 | ) |  | 76,483 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 46,159 |  |  | 394 |  |  | (469 | ) |  | 46,084 |
| $ | 146,318 |  |  | $ | 568 |  |  | $ | (2,588 | ) |  | $ | 144,298 |

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company received proceeds of $3.8 million on sales of available for sale securities for gross gains of $6 thousand and gross losses of $9 thousand. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company sold $3.5 million of available for sale securities for gross gains of $54 thousand. There were $43 thousand in gross losses on the sale of available for sale securities during the three months ended March 31, 2018.
8

The fair value and gross unrealized losses for securities available for sale, totaled by the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous gross unrealized loss position, at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:

| Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or more |  | Total
| Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses
| March 31, 2019
| (in thousands)
Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,751 |  |  | $ | 235 |  |  | $ | 12,751 |  |  | $ | 235 |
Mortgage-backed securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 46,111 |  |  | 597 |  |  | 46,111 |  |  | 597 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,195 |  |  | 171 |  |  | 9,195 |  |  | 171 |
| $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 68,057 |  |  | $ | 1,003 |  |  | $ | 68,057 |  |  | $ | 1,003 |
| December 31, 2018
| (in thousands)
Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies | $ | 1,973 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 13,710 |  |  | $ | 475 |  |  | $ | 15,683 |  |  | $ | 481 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 16,659 |  |  | 332 |  |  | 42,966 |  |  | 1,306 |  |  | 59,625 |  |  | 1,638 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 3,594 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 12,864 |  |  | 417 |  |  | 16,458 |  |  | 469 |
| $ | 22,226 |  |  | $ | 390 |  |  | $ | 69,540 |  |  | $ | 2,198 |  |  | $ | 91,766 |  |  | $ | 2,588 |

9

Gross unrealized losses on available for sale securities included sixty-four (64) and ninety-five (95) debt securities at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The Company evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market concerns warrant such evaluation. Consideration is given to the length of time and the amount of an unrealized loss, the financial condition of the issuer, and the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the issuer long enough to allow for an anticipated recovery in fair value. The fair value of a security reflects its liquidity as compared to similar instruments, current market rates on similar instruments, and the creditworthiness of the issuer. Absent any change in the liquidity of a security or the creditworthiness of the issuer, prices will decline as market rates rise and vice-versa. The primary cause of the unrealized losses at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was changes in market interest rates and not credit concerns of the issuers. Since the losses can be primarily attributed to changes in market interest rates and not expected cash flows or an issuer’s financial condition and management does not intend to sell and it is likely that management will not be required to sell the securities prior to their anticipated recovery, the unrealized losses were deemed to be temporary. The Company’s mortgage-backed securities are issued by U.S. government agencies, which guarantee payments to investors regardless of the status of the underlying mortgages. The Company monitors the financial condition of these issuers continuously and will record other-than-temporary impairment if the recovery of value is unlikely.
The Company’s securities are exposed to various risks, such as interest rate, market, currency and credit risks. Due to the level of risk associated with certain securities and the level of uncertainty related to changes in the value of securities, it is at least reasonably possible that changes in risks in the near term would materially affect securities reported in the financial statements.
Securities having a carrying value of $2.9 million at March 31, 2019 were pledged for various purposes required by law.
The composition of restricted investments at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was as follows:

| March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| (in thousands)
Federal Reserve Bank Stock | $ | 344 |  |  | $ | 344 |
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock | 686 |  |  | 686 |
Community Bankers’ Bank Stock | 140 |  |  | 140 |
| $ | 1,170 |  |  | $ | 1,170 |

10

NOTE 5. Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses
The composition of loans at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was as follows:

|  | March 31, |  | December 31,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018
|  | (in thousands)
Mortgage loans on real estate: |  |  |  |
Construction and land development |  | $ | 59,707 |  |  | $ | 54,675 |
Secured by farmland |  | 8,921 |  |  | 7,251 |
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties |  | 226,672 |  |  | 221,861 |
Multifamily |  | 9,485 |  |  | 7,923 |
Commercial |  | 263,857 |  |  | 265,595 |
Commercial and industrial loans |  | 34,798 |  |  | 33,086 |
Consumer installment loans |  | 8,056 |  |  | 8,470 |
All other loans |  | 8,116 |  |  | 8,454 |
Total loans |  | $ | 619,612 |  |  | $ | 607,315 |
Net deferred loan fees |  | (404 | ) |  | (488 | )
Allowance for loan losses |  | (5,685 | ) |  | (5,456 | )
Net Loans |  | $ | 613,523 |  |  | $ | 601,371 |

Changes in the allowance for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2018 were as follows:

| Three Months Ended |  | Year Ended |  | Three Months Ended
| March 31, |  | December 31, |  | March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2018
|  |  | (in thousands) |  |
Balance, beginning | $ | 5,456 |  |  | $ | 4,411 |  |  | $ | 4,411 |
Provision for loan losses | 194 |  |  | 777 |  |  | 205 |
Recoveries added to the allowance | 45 |  |  | 504 |  |  | 52 |
Loan losses charged to the allowance | (10 | ) |  | (236 | ) |  | (138 | )
Balance, ending | $ | 5,685 |  |  | $ | 5,456 |  |  | $ | 4,530 |

11

Nonaccrual and past due loans by class at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:

| March 31, 2019
| (in thousands)
| 30 - 59 Days Past Due |  | 60 - 89 Days Past Due |  | 90 or More Days Past Due |  | Total Past Due |  | Current |  | Total Loans |  | 90 or More Days Past Due Still Accruing |  | Nonaccrual Loans
Commercial - Non Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial & Industrial | $ | 126 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 161 |  |  | $ | 34,637 |  |  | $ | 34,798 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,011 |
Commercial Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner Occupied | — |  |  | 809 |  |  | — |  |  | 809 |  |  | 135,090 |  |  | 135,899 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Non-owner occupied | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 127,958 |  |  | 127,958 |  |  | — |  |  | 356 |
Construction and Farmland: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,361 |  |  | 6,361 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial | 280 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 280 |  |  | 61,987 |  |  | 62,267 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Installment | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | 8,045 |  |  | 8,056 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity Lines | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33,621 |  |  | 33,621 |  |  | — |  |  | 86 |
Single family | 2,594 |  |  | 127 |  |  | 1,253 |  |  | 3,974 |  |  | 189,077 |  |  | 193,051 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,817 |
Multifamily | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,485 |  |  | 9,485 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
All Other Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,116 |  |  | 8,116 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 3,011 |  |  | $ | 971 |  |  | $ | 1,253 |  |  | $ | 5,235 |  |  | $ | 614,377 |  |  | $ | 619,612 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,270 |

| December 31, 2018
| (in thousands)
| 30 - 59 Days Past Due |  | 60 - 89 Days Past Due |  | 90 or More Days Past Due |  | Total Past Due |  | Current |  | Total Loans |  | 90 or More Past Due Still Accruing |  | Nonaccrual Loans
Commercial - Non Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial & Industrial | $ | 127 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 127 |  |  | $ | 32,959 |  |  | $ | 33,086 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,081 |
Commercial Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner Occupied | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 136,309 |  |  | 136,309 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Non-owner occupied | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 129,286 |  |  | 129,286 |  |  | — |  |  | 364 |
Construction and Farmland: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,706 |  |  | 6,706 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 55,220 |  |  | 55,220 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Installment | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 8,466 |  |  | 8,470 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity Lines | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 32,815 |  |  | 32,815 |  |  | — |  |  | 92 |
Single family | 960 |  |  | 196 |  |  | 900 |  |  | 2,056 |  |  | 186,990 |  |  | 189,046 |  |  | 695 |  |  | 581 |
Multifamily | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,923 |  |  | 7,923 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
All Other Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,454 |  |  | 8,454 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 1,091 |  |  | $ | 196 |  |  | $ | 900 |  |  | $ | 2,187 |  |  | $ | 605,128 |  |  | $ | 607,315 |  |  | $ | 695 |  |  | $ | 2,118 |

12

Allowance for loan losses by segment at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:

| As of and for the Three Months Ended
| March 31, 2019
| (in thousands)
| Construction and Farmland |  | Residential |  | Commercial Real Estate |  | Commercial - Non Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | All Other Loans |  | Unallocated |  | Total
Allowance for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance | $ | 583 |  |  | $ | 1,788 |  |  | $ | 1,988 |  |  | $ | 919 |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 97 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 5,456 |
Charge-Offs | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  | — |  |  | (10 | )
Recoveries | 2 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 45 |
Provision for (recovery of) loan losses | 58 |  |  | 74 |  |  | (35 | ) |  | (49 | ) |  | (13 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | 158 |  |  | 194 |
Ending balance | $ | 643 |  |  | $ | 1,875 |  |  | $ | 1,959 |  |  | $ | 883 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 186 |  |  | $ | 5,685 |
Ending balance: Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | — |  |  | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | 182 |  |  | $ | 600 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 877 |
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 643 |  |  | $ | 1,780 |  |  | $ | 1,777 |  |  | $ | 283 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 186 |  |  | $ | 4,808 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance | $ | 68,628 |  |  | $ | 236,157 |  |  | $ | 263,857 |  |  | $ | 34,798 |  |  | $ | 8,056 |  |  | $ | 8,116 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 619,612 |
Ending balance individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 272 |  |  | $ | 4,213 |  |  | $ | 2,806 |  |  | $ | 1,236 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,527 |
Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 68,356 |  |  | $ | 231,944 |  |  | $ | 261,051 |  |  | $ | 33,562 |  |  | $ | 8,056 |  |  | $ | 8,116 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 611,085 |

| As of and for the Twelve Months Ended
| December 31, 2018
| (in thousands)
| Construction and Farmland |  | Residential |  | Commercial Real Estate |  | Commercial - Non Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | All Other Loans |  | Unallocated |  | Total
Allowance for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance | $ | 332 |  |  | $ | 1,754 |  |  | $ | 1,627 |  |  | $ | 570 |  |  | $ | 69 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 4,411 |
Charge-Offs | — |  |  | (24 | ) |  | — |  |  | (139 | ) |  | (33 | ) |  | (40 | ) |  | — |  |  | (236 | )
Recoveries | 266 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 504 |
Provision for (recovery of) loan losses | (15 | ) |  | 30 |  |  | 283 |  |  | 388 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 95 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 777 |
Ending balance | $ | 583 |  |  | $ | 1,788 |  |  | $ | 1,988 |  |  | $ | 919 |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 97 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 5,456 |
Ending balance: Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | — |  |  | $ | 119 |  |  | $ | 193 |  |  | $ | 650 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 962 |
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 583 |  |  | $ | 1,669 |  |  | $ | 1,795 |  |  | $ | 269 |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 97 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 4,494 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance | $ | 61,926 |  |  | $ | 229,784 |  |  | $ | 265,595 |  |  | $ | 33,086 |  |  | $ | 8,470 |  |  | $ | 8,454 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 607,315 |
Ending balance individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 280 |  |  | $ | 4,044 |  |  | $ | 2,919 |  |  | $ | 1,316 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,559 |
Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 61,646 |  |  | $ | 225,740 |  |  | $ | 262,676 |  |  | $ | 31,770 |  |  | $ | 8,470 |  |  | $ | 8,454 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 598,756 |

13

Impaired loans by class as of and for the periods ended March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:

| As of and for the Three Months Ended
| March 31, 2019
| (in thousands)
| Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Recorded Investment (1) |  | Related Allowance |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - Non Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial & Industrial | $ | 530 |  |  | $ | 327 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 346 |  |  | $ | 5 |
Commercial Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner Occupied | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Non-owner occupied | 452 |  |  | 394 |  |  | — |  |  | 398 |  |  | 1 |
Construction and Farmland: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial | 324 |  |  | 273 |  |  | — |  |  | 277 |  |  | 6 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Installment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity lines | 468 |  |  | 86 |  |  | — |  |  | 86 |  |  | — |
Single family | 2,512 |  |  | 2,381 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,396 |  |  | 17 |
Multifamily | 379 |  |  | 380 |  |  | — |  |  | 382 |  |  | 5 |
Other Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| $ | 4,665 |  |  | $ | 3,841 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,885 |  |  | $ | 34 |
With an allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - Non Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial & Industrial | $ | 935 |  |  | $ | 910 |  |  | $ | 600 |  |  | $ | 922 |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner Occupied | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Non-owner occupied | 2,413 |  |  | 2,420 |  |  | 182 |  |  | 2,423 |  |  | 26 |
Construction and Farmland: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Installment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity lines | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Single family | 1,433 |  |  | 1,376 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 1,380 |  |  | 11 |
Multifamily | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| $ | 4,781 |  |  | $ | 4,706 |  |  | $ | 877 |  |  | $ | 4,725 |  |  | $ | 37 |
Total: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | $ | 1,465 |  |  | $ | 1,237 |  |  | $ | 600 |  |  | $ | 1,268 |  |  | $ | 5 |
Commercial Real Estate | 2,865 |  |  | 2,814 |  |  | 182 |  |  | 2,821 |  |  | 27 |
Construction and Farmland | 324 |  |  | 273 |  |  | — |  |  | 277 |  |  | 6 |
Consumer | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential | 4,792 |  |  | 4,223 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 4,244 |  |  | 33 |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 9,446 |  |  | $ | 8,547 |  |  | $ | 877 |  |  | $ | 8,610 |  |  | $ | 71 |

14

(1) Recorded investment is defined as the summation of the outstanding principal balance, accrued interest, net deferred loan fees or costs, and any partial charge-offs. Accrued interest and net deferred loan fees or costs totaled $20 thousand at March 31, 2019.

| As of and for the Twelve Months End
| December 31, 2018
| (in thousands)
| Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Recorded Investment (1) |  | Related Allowance |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - Non Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial & Industrial | $ | 564 |  |  | $ | 356 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 422 |  |  | $ | 25 |
Commercial Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner Occupied | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Non-owner occupied | 558 |  |  | 501 |  |  | — |  |  | 511 |  |  | 4 |
Construction and Farmland: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial | 332 |  |  | 281 |  |  | — |  |  | 297 |  |  | 27 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Installment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity lines | 468 |  |  | 92 |  |  | — |  |  | 93 |  |  | — |
Single family | 2,616 |  |  | 2,499 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,565 |  |  | 101 |
Multifamily | 284 |  |  | 286 |  |  | — |  |  | 289 |  |  | 14 |
Other Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| $ | 4,822 |  |  | $ | 4,015 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,177 |  |  | $ | 171 |
With an allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - Non Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial & Industrial | $ | 971 |  |  | $ | 960 |  |  | $ | 650 |  |  | $ | 1,063 |  |  | $ | 60 |
Commercial Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner Occupied | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Non-owner occupied | 2,418 |  |  | 2,425 |  |  | 193 |  |  | 2,454 |  |  | 101 |
Construction and Farmland: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Installment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity lines | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Single family | 1,242 |  |  | 1,190 |  |  | 119 |  |  | 1,204 |  |  | 51 |
Multifamily | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| $ | 4,631 |  |  | $ | 4,575 |  |  | $ | 962 |  |  | $ | 4,721 |  |  | $ | 212 |
Total: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | $ | 1,535 |  |  | $ | 1,316 |  |  | $ | 650 |  |  | $ | 1,485 |  |  | $ | 85 |
Commercial Real Estate | 2,976 |  |  | 2,926 |  |  | 193 |  |  | 2,965 |  |  | 105 |
Construction and Farmland | 332 |  |  | 281 |  |  | — |  |  | 297 |  |  | 27 |
Consumer | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential | 4,610 |  |  | 4,067 |  |  | 119 |  |  | 4,151 |  |  | 166 |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 9,453 |  |  | $ | 8,590 |  |  | $ | 962 |  |  | $ | 8,898 |  |  | $ | 383 |

15

(1) Recorded investment is defined as the summation of the outstanding principal balance, accrued interest, net deferred loan fees or costs, and any partial charge-offs. Accrued interest and net deferred loan fees or costs totaled $31 thousand at December 31, 2018.
When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan is in doubt and the loan is in nonaccrual status, all payments are applied to principal under the cost-recovery method. For financial statement purposes, the recorded investment in nonaccrual loans is the actual principal balance reduced by payments that would otherwise have been applied to interest. When reporting information on these loans to the applicable customers, the unpaid principal balance is reported as if payments were applied to principal and interest under the original terms of the loan agreements. Therefore, the unpaid principal balance reported to the customer would be higher than the recorded investment in the loan for financial statement purposes. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of the impaired loan is not in doubt and the loan is in nonaccrual status, contractual interest is credited to interest income when received under the cash-basis method.
The Company uses a rating system for evaluating the risks associated with non-consumer loans. Consumer loans are not evaluated for risk unless the characteristics of the loan fall within classified categories. Consumer loans are evaluated for collection based on payment performance. Descriptions of these ratings are as follows:

Pass | Pass loans exhibit acceptable history of profits, cash flow ability and liquidity. Sufficient cash flow exists to service the loan. All obligations have been paid by the borrower in an as agreed manner.
Pass Monitored | Pass monitored loans may be experiencing income and cash volatility, inconsistent operating trends, nominal liquidity and/or a leveraged balance sheet. A higher level of supervision is required for these loans as the potential for a negative event could impact the borrower’s ability to repay the loan.
Special Mention | Special mention loans exhibit negative trends and potential weakness that, if left uncorrected, may negatively affect the borrower’s ability to repay its obligations. The risk of default is not imminent and the borrower still demonstrates sufficient financial strength to service debt.
Substandard | Substandard loans exhibit well defined weaknesses resulting in a higher probability of default. The borrowers exhibit adverse financial trends and a diminishing ability or willingness to service debt.
Doubtful | Doubtful loans exhibit all of the characteristics inherent in substandard loans; however given the severity of weaknesses, the collection of 100% of the principal is unlikely under current conditions.
Loss | Loss loans are considered uncollectible over a reasonable period of time and of such little value that its continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted.

16

Credit quality information by class at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was as follows:

| As of
| March 31, 2019
| (in thousands)
INTERNAL RISK RATING GRADES | Pass |  | Pass Monitored |  | Special Mention |  | Substandard |  | Doubtful |  | Loss |  | Total
Commercial - Non Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial & Industrial | $ | 30,323 |  |  | $ | 2,941 |  |  | $ | 505 |  |  | $ | 1,029 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 34,798 |
Commercial Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner Occupied | 113,775 |  |  | 17,649 |  |  | 4,437 |  |  | 38 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 135,899 |
Non-owner occupied | 104,592 |  |  | 15,703 |  |  | 5,677 |  |  | 1,986 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 127,958 |
Construction and Farmland: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | 4,999 |  |  | 1,362 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,361 |
Commercial | 20,788 |  |  | 25,140 |  |  | 16,001 |  |  | 338 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 62,267 |
Residential: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity Lines | 32,299 |  |  | 1,236 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | 70 |  |  | — |  |  | 33,621 |
Single family | 176,708 |  |  | 11,433 |  |  | 1,840 |  |  | 2,927 |  |  | 143 |  |  | — |  |  | 193,051 |
Multifamily | 8,635 |  |  | 471 |  |  | — |  |  | 379 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,485 |
All other loans | 8,097 |  |  | 19 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,116 |
Total | $ | 500,216 |  |  | $ | 75,954 |  |  | $ | 28,460 |  |  | $ | 6,713 |  |  | $ | 213 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 611,556 |

| Performing |  | Nonperforming
Consumer Credit Exposure by Payment Activity | $ | 8,045 |  |  | $ | 11 |

| As of
| December 31, 2018
| (in thousands)
INTERNAL RISK RATING GRADES | Pass |  | Pass Monitored |  | Special Mention |  | Substandard |  | Doubtful |  | Loss |  | Total
Commercial - Non Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial & Industrial | $ | 28,699 |  |  | $ | 2,292 |  |  | $ | 995 |  |  | $ | 1,100 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 33,086 |
Commercial Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner Occupied | 110,418 |  |  | 16,665 |  |  | 9,187 |  |  | 39 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 136,309 |
Non-owner occupied | 106,658 |  |  | 17,139 |  |  | 3,397 |  |  | 2,092 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 129,286 |
Construction and Farm land: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | 2,295 |  |  | 1,120 |  |  | 3,291 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,706 |
Commercial | 16,682 |  |  | 22,533 |  |  | 15,658 |  |  | 347 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 55,220 |
Residential: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity Lines | 31,813 |  |  | 910 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | 76 |  |  | — |  |  | 32,815 |
Single family | 172,360 |  |  | 11,567 |  |  | 2,704 |  |  | 2,270 |  |  | 145 |  |  | — |  |  | 189,046 |
Multifamily | 7,160 |  |  | 479 |  |  | — |  |  | 284 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,923 |
All other loans | 8,435 |  |  | 19 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,454 |
Total | $ | 484,520 |  |  | $ | 72,724 |  |  | $ | 35,232 |  |  | $ | 6,148 |  |  | $ | 221 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 598,845 |

| Performing |  | Nonperforming
Consumer Credit Exposure by Payment Activity | $ | 8,466 |  |  | $ | 4 |

17

NOTE 6. Troubled Debt Restructurings
All loans deemed a troubled debt restructuring, or “TDR”, are considered impaired, and are evaluated for collateral and cash-flow sufficiency. A loan is considered a TDR when the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that the Company would not otherwise consider. All of the following factors are indicators that the Company has granted a concession (one or multiple items may be present):

• | The borrower receives a reduction of the stated interest rate to a rate less than the institution is willing to accept at the time of the restructure for a new loan with comparable risk.

• | The borrower receives an extension of the maturity date or dates at a stated interest rate lower than the current market interest rate for new debt with similar risk characteristics.

• | The borrower receives a reduction of the face amount or maturity amount of the debt as stated in the instrument or other agreement.

• | The borrower receives a deferral of required payments (principal and/or interest).

• | The borrower receives a reduction of the accrued interest.

There were nineteen (19) troubled debt restructured loans totaling $3.8 million at March 31, 2019. At December 31, 2018, there were nineteen (19) troubled debt restructured loans totaling $3.8 million. Six loans, totaling $1.3 million, were in nonaccrual status at March 31, 2019. Two loans, totaling $118 thousand, were in nonaccrual status at December 31, 2018. There were no outstanding commitments to lend additional amounts to troubled debt restructured borrowers at March 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018.
During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, the Company restructured no loans by granting concessions to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties.

Payment defaults during the three months ended March 31, 2019 for TDRs that were restructured within the preceding twelve month period are detailed in the table below. There were no payment defaults during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

| Three Months Ended
| March 31, 2019
| (dollars in thousands)
| Number of Contracts |  | Recorded Investment
Residential: |  |  |
Single family | 1 |  |  | $ | 79 |
Total | 1 |  |  | $ | 79 |

Management defines default as over 30 days contractually past due under the modified terms, the foreclosure and/or repossession of the collateral, or the charge-off of the loan during the twelve month period subsequent to the modification.
18

NOTE 7. Deposits
The composition of deposits at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was as follows:

| March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| (in thousands)
Noninterest bearing demand deposits | $ | 255,567 |  |  | $ | 251,184 |
Savings and interest bearing demand deposits: |  |  |
NOW accounts | $ | 89,065 |  |  | $ | 91,549 |
Money market accounts | 141,577 |  |  | 140,581 |
Regular savings accounts | 105,467 |  |  | 104,648 |
| $ | 336,109 |  |  | $ | 336,778 |
Time deposits: |  |  |
Balances of less than $250,000 | $ | 62,666 |  |  | $ | 62,063 |
Balances of $250,000 and more | 53,097 |  |  | 53,079 |
| $ | 115,763 |  |  | $ | 115,142 |
| $ | 707,439 |  |  | $ | 703,104 |

NOTE 8. Leases
On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02 “Leases (Topic 842)” and all subsequent ASUs that modified Topic 842. The Company elected the prospective application approach provided by ASU 2018-11 and did not adjust prior periods for ASC 842. The Company also elected certain practical expedients within the standard and consistent with such elections did not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, did not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and did not reassess any initial direct costs for existing leases. As stated in the Company’s 2018 Form 10-K, the implementation of the new standard resulted in recognition of a right-of-use asset and lease liability of $3.8 million at the date of adoption, which is related to the Company’s lease of premises used in operations. The right-of-use asset and lease liability are included in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments and are presented at each reporting date as the net present value of the remaining contractual cash flows. Cash flows are discounted at the Company’s incremental borrowing rate in effect at the commencement date of the lease. Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and are calculated as the sum of the lease liability and if applicable, prepaid rent, initial direct costs and any incentives received from the lessor.
The Company’s only long-term lease agreement is classified as an operating lease. This lease offers the option to extend the lease term and the Company has included such extensions in its calculation of the lease liability to the extent the options are reasonably assured of being exercised. The lease agreement does not provide for a residual value guarantee and has no restrictions or covenants that would impact dividends or require incurring additional financial obligations.
19

The following tables present information about the Company’s leases:

(dollars in thousands) |  | As of
|  | March 31, 2019
Lease liability |  | $ | 3,729 |
Right-of-use asset |  | $ | 3,714 |
Weighted average remaining lease term |  | 21 years |
Weighted average discount rate |  | 3.62 | %
|  | Three Months Ended
Lease Cost |  | March 31, 2019
Operating lease cost |  | $ | 65 |
Short-term lease cost |  | 4 |
Total lease cost |  | $ | 69 |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities |  | $ | 50 |

A maturity analysis of operating lease liability and reconciliation of the undiscounted cash flows to the total operating lease liability is as follows:

|  | As of
Lease payments due |  | March 31, 2019
Nine months ending December 31, 2019 |  | $ | 150 |
Twelve months ending December 31, 2020 |  | 215 |
Twelve months ending December 31, 2021 |  | 220 |
Twelve months ending December 31, 2022 |  | 220 |
Twelve months ending December 31, 2023 |  | 220 |
Twelve months ending December 31, 2024 |  | 220 |
Thereafter |  | 4,257 |
Total undiscounted cash flows |  | $ | 5,502 |
Discount |  | (1,773 | )
Lease liability |  | $ | 3,729 |

NOTE 9. Fair Value Measurements
GAAP requires the Company to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. The fair value of certain assets and liabilities is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.
“Fair Value Measurements” defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurement and enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows:

• |  | Level 1 |  | Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
• |  | Level 2 |  | Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
• |  | Level 3 |  | Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The following sections provide a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy:
Securities Available for Sale: Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 securities would include highly liquid government bonds, mortgage products and exchange traded equities. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flow. Level 2 securities would include U.S. agency securities, mortgage-backed agency securities, obligations of states and political subdivisions and certain corporate, asset backed and other securities. In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, securities are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.
20

The following table presents balances of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

|  |  | Fair Value Measurements at
|  |  | March 31, 2019
|  |  | Using
| Balance as of |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs
| March 31, 2019 | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
| (in thousands)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies | $ | 23,694 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 23,694 |  |  | $ | — |
Mortgage-backed securities | 77,644 |  |  | — |  |  | 77,644 |  |  | — |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 42,637 |  |  | — |  |  | 42,637 |  |  | — |
Total assets at fair value | $ | 143,975 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 143,975 |  |  | $ | — |
|  |  | Fair Value Measurements at
|  |  | December 31, 2018
|  |  | Using
| Balance as of |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs
| December 31, 2018 | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
| (in thousands)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies | $ | 21,731 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21,731 |  |  | $ | — |
Mortgage-backed securities | 76,483 |  |  | — |  |  | 76,483 |  |  | — |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 46,084 |  |  | — |  |  | 46,084 |  |  | — |
Total assets at fair value | $ | 144,298 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 144,298 |  |  | $ | — |

21

The table below presents a reconciliation for all assets measured and recognized at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

| Level 3 Recurring Fair Value Measurements
| As of and for the Three Months Ended
| March 31, 2019 |  | March 31, 2018
| (in thousands)
Beginning balance | $ | — |  |  | $ | 543 |
Purchases | — |  |  | — |
Sales | — |  |  | — |
Issuances | — |  |  | — |
Settlements | — |  |  | (543 | )
Total assets at fair value | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

Certain financial assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. Adjustments to the fair value of these assets usually result from the application of lower of cost or market accounting or write downs of individual assets.
The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain financial and nonfinancial assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in the financial statements:
Impaired Loans: Loans are designated as impaired when, in the judgment of management based on current information and events, it is probable that all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement will not be collected when due. The measurement of loss associated with impaired loans can be based on the present value of its expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's coupon rate, or at the loans' observable market price or the fair value of the collateral securing the loans, if they are collateral dependent. Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable. The vast majority of the collateral is real estate. The value of real estate collateral is determined utilizing a market valuation approach based on an appraisal conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser using observable market data within the last twelve months (Level 2). However, if the collateral is a house or building in the process of construction or if an appraisal of the property is more than one year old and not solely based on observable market comparables or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value, then a Level 3 valuation is considered to measure the fair value. The value of business equipment is based upon an outside appraisal, of one year or less, if deemed significant, or the net book value on the applicable business’s financial statements if not considered significant using observable market data. Likewise, values for inventory and accounts receivables collateral are based on financial statement balances or aging reports (Level 3). Impaired loans allocated to the allowance for loan losses are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for loan losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Other Real Estate Owned: Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are held for sale and are initially recorded at the fair value of the property, less estimated selling costs, establishing a new costs basis. Any write-downs based on the asset’s fair value at the date of acquisition are charged to the allowance for loan losses. Costs of significant property improvements are capitalized, whereas costs relating to holding property are expensed. The portion of interest costs relating to development of real estate is capitalized. Valuations are periodically obtained by management, and any subsequent write-downs are recorded as a charge to operations, if necessary, to reduce the carrying value of a property to fair value less cost to sell. The fair value measurement of real estate held in other real estate owned is assessed in the same manner as impaired loans described above. We believe that the fair value follows the provisions of GAAP.
22

The following table displays quantitative information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for certain financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

| Quantitative information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for
| March 31, 2019
| Valuation Technique(s) |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range |  | Weighted Average
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impaired loans | Discounted appraised value |  | Selling cost |  | 0% - 12% |  | 9%
Impaired loans | Present value of cash flows |  | Discount rate |  | 4% - 6% |  | 5%
Other real estate owned | Discounted appraised value |  | Discount for current market conditions and selling costs |  | 6% |  | 6%
| December 31, 2018
| Valuation Technique(s) |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range |  | Weighted Average
Impaired loans | Discounted appraised value |  | Selling cost |  | 0% - 12% |  | 8%
Impaired loans | Present value of cash flows |  | Discount rate |  | 4% - 6% |  | 5%
Other real estate owned | Discounted appraised value |  | Discount for current market conditions and selling costs |  | 6% |  | 6%

The following table summarizes the Company’s financial and nonfinancial assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

|  |  | Fair Value at
|  |  | March 31, 2019
| Balance as of |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs
| March 31, 2019 | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
| (in thousands)
Financial Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impaired loans | $ | 3,819 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,819 |
Nonfinancial Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other real estate owned | 106 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 106 |
|  |  | Fair Value at
|  |  | December 31, 2018
| Balance as of |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs
| December 31, 2018 | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
| (in thousands)
Financial Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impaired loans | $ | 3,598 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,598 |
Nonfinancial Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other real estate owned | 106 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 106 |

23

The carrying value and fair value of the Company’s financial instruments at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:

| Fair Value Measurements at
| March 31, 2019
| Using
| Carrying Value as of |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs |  | Fair Value as of
| March 31, 2019 | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3) |  | March 31, 2019
| (in thousands)
Financial Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and short-term investments | $ | 12,215 |  |  | $ | 12,215 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,215 |
Securities | 143,975 |  |  | — |  |  | 143,975 |  |  | — |  |  | 143,975 |
Restricted Investments | 1,170 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,170 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,170 |
Loans, net | 613,523 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 599,105 |  |  | 599,105 |
Bank owned life insurance | 447 |  |  | — |  |  | 447 |  |  | — |  |  | 447 |
Accrued interest receivable | 2,236 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,236 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,236 |
Financial Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | $ | 707,439 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 707,658 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 707,658 |
Federal funds purchased | 355 |  |  | — |  |  | 355 |  |  | — |  |  | 355 |
Accrued interest payable | 116 |  |  | — |  |  | 116 |  |  | — |  |  | 116 |

| Fair Value Measurements at
| December 31, 2018
| Using
| Carrying Value as of |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs |  | Fair Value as of
| December 31, 2018 | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3) |  | December 31, 2018
| (in thousands)
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and short-term investments | $ | 18,353 |  |  | $ | 18,353 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18,353 |
Securities | 144,298 |  |  | — |  |  | 144,298 |  |  | — |  |  | 144,298 |
Restricted Investments | 1,170 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,170 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,170 |
Loans, net | 601,371 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 592,566 |  |  | 592,566 |
Bank owned life insurance | 447 |  |  | — |  |  | 447 |  |  | — |  |  | 447 |
Accrued interest receivable | 2,222 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,222 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,222 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | $ | 703,104 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 703,323 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 703,323 |
Federal funds purchased | 1,871 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,871 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,871 |
Accrued interest payable | 101 |  |  | — |  |  | 101 |  |  | — |  |  | 101 |

24

NOTE 10. Change in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) includes unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities and changes in benefit obligations and plan assets for the post retirement benefit plan. Changes to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are presented net of their tax effect as a component of equity. Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income either as a gain or loss.
Changes to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component are shown in the following tables for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended
| March 31,
| 2019 | 2018
| Unrealized Gains and (Losses) on Available for Sale Securities | Change in Benefit Obligations and Plan Assets for the Post Retirement Benefit Plan | Total | Unrealized Gains and (Losses) on Available for Sale Securities | Change in Benefit Obligations and Plan Assets for the Post Retirement Benefit Plan | Total
| (dollars in thousands)
January 1 | $ | (1,597 | ) | $ | 44 |  | $ | (1,553 | ) | $ | 266 |  | $ | 44 |  | $ | 310 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 2,137 |  | — |  | 2,137 |  | (3,271 | ) | — |  | (3,271 | )
Reclassifications | 3 |  | — |  | 3 |  | (11 | ) | — |  | (11 | )
Tax effect of current period changes | (450 | ) | — |  | (450 | ) | 689 |  | — |  | 689 |
Current period changes net of taxes | 1,690 |  | — |  | 1,690 |  | (2,593 | ) | — |  | (2,593 | )
March 31 | $ | 93 |  | $ | 44 |  | $ | 137 |  | $ | (2,327 | ) | $ | 44 |  | $ | (2,283 | )

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, $3 thousand was reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and appeared as Loss on sale of securities in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The tax related to these reclassifications was $1 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2019. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, $11 thousand was reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and appeared as Gain on sale of securities in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The tax related to these reclassification was $2 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The tax related to reclassifications in both periods is included in Income Tax Expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
NOTE 11. Other Real Estate Owned
The following table is a summary of other real estate owned (OREO) activity for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2018:

| Three Months Ended |  | Year Ended |  | Three Months Ended
| March 31, |  | December 31, |  | March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2018
| (in thousands)
Balance, beginning | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 106 |
Transfers from loans | — |  |  | 2,799 |  |  | 2,799 |
Gain on foreclosure | — |  |  | 397 |  |  | 397 |
Sales | — |  |  | (1,927 | ) |  | — |
Valuation adjustments | — |  |  | (1,269 | ) |  | — |
Balance, ending | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 3,302 |

25

The major classifications of other real estate owned in the consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:

| As of
| March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| (in thousands)
Construction and Farmland | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 106 |
Residential Real Estate | — |  |  | — |
Commercial Real Estate | — |  |  | — |
Subtotal | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 106 |
Less valuation allowance | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 106 |

There were three consumer mortgage loans totaling $699 thousand collateralized by residential real estate in the process of foreclosure at March 31, 2019. There was one consumer mortgage loan totaling $71 thousand collateralized by residential real estate in the process of foreclosure at December 31, 2018.
NOTE 12. Qualified Affordable Housing Project Investments
The Company invests in qualified affordable housing projects. The general purpose of these investments is to encourage and assist participants in investing in low-income residential rental properties located in the Commonwealth of Virginia, develop and implement strategies to maintain projects as low-income housing, provide tax credits and other tax benefits to investors, and to preserve and protect project assets.
At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the balance of the investment for qualified affordable housing projects was $3.2 million and $3.3 million, respectively. These balances are reflected in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Total unfunded commitments related to the investments in qualified affordable housing projects totaled $1.9 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. These balances are reflected in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company expects to fulfill these commitments by December 31, 2023, in accordance with the terms of the individual agreements.
During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized amortization expense of $57 thousand and $43 thousand, respectively. The amortization expense was included in Other operating expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Total estimated credits to be received during 2019 are $385 thousand based on the most recent quarterly estimates received from the funds. Total tax credits and other tax benefits recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, were $95 thousand and $75 thousand, respectively.
NOTE 13. Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” The amendments in this ASU, among other things, require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. In addition, the ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. The amendments in this ASU are effective for SEC filers for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently assessing the impact that ASU 2016-13 will have on its consolidated financial statements. The Company formed a CECL committee during 2016 which continues to meet monthly to address the compliance requirements. Historic loan data has been gathered and reviewed for completeness and accuracy. In addition, the committee has selected a third-party that is assisting in calculating the financial impact of ASU 2016-13 and anticipates running parallel allowance models under the current and new standard for six months in advance of the required implementation date.
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In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.” The amendments modify the disclosure requirements in Topic 820 to add disclosures regarding changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty. Certain disclosure requirements in Topic 820 are also removed or modified. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Certain of the amendments are to be applied prospectively while others are to be applied retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2018-13 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, “Compensation-Retirement Benefits-Defined Benefit Plans-General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans.” These amendments modify the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. Certain disclosure requirements have been deleted while the following disclosure requirements have been added: the weighted-average interest crediting rates for cash balance plans and other plans with promised interest crediting rates and an explanation of the reasons for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation for the period. The amendments also clarify the disclosure requirements in paragraph 715-20-50-3, which state that the following information for defined benefit pension plans should be disclosed: The projected benefit obligation (PBO) and fair value of plan assets for plans with PBOs in excess of plan assets and the accumulated benefit obligation (ABO) and fair value of plan assets for plans with ABOs in excess of plan assets. The amendments are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2018-14 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The purpose of this discussion is to focus on the important factors affecting the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and capital resources. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements presented in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Form 10-Q and Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of the 2018 Form 10-K.
GENERAL
Eagle Financial Services, Inc. is a bank holding company which owns 100% of the stock of Bank of Clarke County (the “Bank” and collectively with Eagle Financial Services, Inc., the “Company”). Accordingly, the results of operations for the Company are dependent upon the operations of the Bank. The Bank conducts a commercial banking business which consists of attracting deposits from the general public and investing those funds in commercial, consumer and real estate loans and municipal and U.S. government agency securities. The Bank’s deposits are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to the maximum extent permitted by law. At March 31, 2019, the Company had total assets of $808.7 million, net loans of $613.5 million, total deposits of $707.4 million, and shareholders’ equity of $91.2 million. The Company’s net income was $2.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.
MANAGEMENT’S STRATEGY
The Company strives to be an outstanding financial institution in its market by building solid sustainable relationships with: (1) its customers, by providing highly personalized customer service, a network of conveniently placed branches and ATMs, a competitive variety of products/services and courteous, professional employees, (2) its employees, by providing generous benefits, a positive work environment, advancement opportunities and incentives to exceed expectations, (3) its communities, by participating in local concerns, providing monetary support, supporting employee volunteerism and providing employment opportunities, and (4) its shareholders, by providing sound profits and returns, sustainable growth, regular dividends and committing to its local, independent status.
OPERATING STRATEGY
The Bank is a locally owned and managed financial institution. This allows the Bank to be flexible and responsive in the products and services it offers. The Bank grows primarily by lending funds to local residents and businesses at a competitive price that reflects the inherent risk of lending. The Bank attempts to fund these loans through deposits gathered from local residents and businesses. The Bank prices its deposits by comparing alternative sources of funds and selecting the lowest cost available. When deposits are not adequate to fund asset growth, the Bank relies on borrowings, both short and long term. The Bank’s primary source of borrowed funds is the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta which offers numerous terms and rate structures to the Bank.
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As interest rates change, the Bank attempts to maintain its net interest margin. This is accomplished by changing the price, terms, and mix of its financial assets and liabilities. The Bank also earns fees on services provided through its trust department, sales of investments through Eagle Investment Services, secondary market mortgage activities, and deposit operations. The Bank also incurs noninterest expenses such as compensating employees, maintaining and acquiring fixed assets, and purchasing goods and services necessary to support its daily operations.
The Bank has a marketing department which seeks to develop new business. This is accomplished through an ongoing calling program whereby account officers visit with existing and potential customers to discuss the products and services offered. The Bank also utilizes traditional advertising such as television commercials, radio ads, newspaper ads, and billboards.
LENDING POLICIES
Administration and supervision over the lending process is provided by the Bank’s Credit Administration Department. The principal risk associated with the Bank’s loan portfolio is the creditworthiness of its borrowers. In an effort to manage this risk, the Bank’s policy gives loan amount approval limits to individual loan officers based on their position and level of experience. Credit risk is increased or decreased, depending on the type of loan and prevailing economic conditions. In consideration of the different types of loans in the portfolio, the risk associated with real estate mortgage loans, commercial loans and consumer loans varies based on employment levels, consumer confidence, fluctuations in the value of real estate and other conditions that affect the ability of borrowers to repay debt.
The Company has written policies and procedures to help manage credit risk. The Company utilizes a loan review process that includes formulation of portfolio management strategy, guidelines for underwriting standards and risk assessment, procedures for ongoing identification and management of credit deterioration, and regular portfolio reviews to establish loss exposure and to ascertain compliance with the Company’s policies.
The Bank uses a tiered approach to approve credit requests consisting of individual lending authorities, a senior management loan committee, and a director loan committee. Lending limits for individuals and the Senior Loan Committee are set by the Board of Directors and are determined by loan purpose, collateral type, and internal risk rating of the borrower. The highest individual authority (Category I) is assigned to the Bank’s President / Chief Executive Officer, Senior Loan Officer and Senior Credit Officer (approval authority only). Two officers in Category I may combine their authority to approve loan requests to borrowers with credit exposure up to $1.0 million on a secured basis and $500 thousand unsecured. Officers in Category II, III, IV, V, VI and VII have lesser authorities and with approval of a Category I officer may extend loans to borrowers with exposure of $500 thousand on a secured basis and $250 thousand unsecured. Loan exposures up to $1.0 million may be approved with the concurrence of two, Category I officers. Loans to borrowers with total credit exposures between $1.0 million and $3.0 million are approved by the Senior Loan Committee consisting of the President, Chief Operating Officer, Senior Loan Officer, Senior Credit Officer, and Chief Financial Officer. Approval of the Senior Loan Committee is required prior to being referred to the Director Loan Committee for approval. Loans exceeding $3 million and up to the Bank’s legal lending limit can be approved by the Director Loan Committee consisting of four directors (three directors constituting a quorum). The Director’s Loan Committee also reviews and approves changes to the Bank’s Loan Policy as presented by management.
The following sections discuss the major loan categories within the total loan portfolio:
One-to-Four-Family Residential Real Estate Lending
Residential lending activity may be generated by the Bank’s loan officer solicitations, referrals by real estate professionals, and existing or new bank customers. Loan applications are taken by a Bank loan officer. As part of the application process, information is gathered concerning income, employment and credit history of the applicant. The valuation of residential collateral is provided by independent fee appraisers who have been approved by the Bank’s Directors Loan Committee. In connection with residential real estate loans, the Bank requires title insurance, hazard insurance and, if applicable, flood insurance. In addition to traditional residential mortgage loans secured by a first or junior lien on the property, the Bank offers home equity lines of credit.
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Commercial Real Estate Lending
Commercial real estate loans are secured by various types of commercial real estate in the Bank’s market area, including multi-family residential buildings, commercial buildings and offices, small shopping centers and churches. Commercial real estate loan originations are obtained through broker referrals, direct solicitation of developers and continued business from customers. In its underwriting of commercial real estate, the Bank’s loan to original appraised value ratio is generally 80% or less. Commercial real estate lending entails significant additional risk as compared with residential mortgage lending. Commercial real estate loans typically involve larger loan balances concentrated with single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. Additionally, the repayment of loans secured by income producing properties is typically dependent on the successful operation of a business or a real estate project and thus may be subject, to a greater extent, to adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy, in general. The Bank’s commercial real estate loan underwriting criteria require an examination of debt service coverage ratios, the borrower’s creditworthiness, prior credit history and reputation, and the Bank typically requires personal guarantees or endorsements of the borrowers’ principal owners.
Construction and Land Development Lending
The Bank makes local construction loans, primarily residential, and land acquisition and development loans. The construction loans are secured by residential houses under construction and the underlying land for which the loan was obtained. The average life of most construction loans is less than one year and the Bank offers both fixed and variable rate interest structures. The interest rate structure offered to customers depends on the total amount of these loans outstanding and the impact of the interest rate structure on the Bank’s overall interest rate risk. There are two characteristics of construction lending which impact its overall risk as compared to residential mortgage lending. First, there is more concentration risk due to the extension of a large loan balance through several lines of credit to a single developer or contractor. Second, there is more collateral risk due to the fact that loan funds are provided to the borrower based upon the estimated value of the collateral after completion. This could cause an inaccurate estimate of the amount needed to complete construction or an excessive loan-to-value ratio. To mitigate the risks associated with construction lending, the Bank generally limits loan amounts to 80% of the estimated appraised value of the finished construction project. The Bank also obtains a first lien on the property as security for its construction loans and typically requires personal guarantees from the borrower’s principal owners. Finally, the Bank performs inspections of the construction projects to ensure that the percentage of construction completed correlates with the amount of draws on the construction line of credit.
Commercial and Industrial Lending
Commercial business loans generally have more risk than residential mortgage loans, but have higher yields. To manage these risks, the Bank generally obtains appropriate collateral and personal guarantees from the borrower’s principal owners and monitors the financial condition of its business borrowers. Residential mortgage loans generally are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from employment and other income and are secured by real estate whose value tends to be readily ascertainable. In contrast, commercial business loans typically are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from cash flow from its business and are secured by business assets, such as commercial real estate, accounts receivable, equipment and inventory. As a result, the availability of funds for the repayment of commercial business loans is substantially dependent on the success of the business itself. Furthermore, the collateral for commercial business loans may depreciate over time and generally cannot be appraised with as much precision as residential real estate.
Consumer Lending
The Bank offers various secured and unsecured consumer loans, which include personal installment loans, personal lines of credit, automobile loans, and credit card loans. The Bank originates its consumer loans within its geographic market area and these loans are generally made to customers with whom the Bank has an existing relationship. Consumer loans generally entail greater risk than residential mortgage loans, particularly in the case of consumer loans which are unsecured or secured by rapidly depreciable assets such as automobiles. In such cases, any repossessed collateral on a defaulted consumer loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance as a result of the greater likelihood of damage, loss or depreciation. Consumer loan collections are dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability, and thus are more likely to be adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy. Furthermore, the application of various federal and state laws, including federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount which can be recovered on such loans.
The underwriting standards employed by the Bank for consumer loans include a determination of the applicant’s payment history on other debts and an assessment of ability to meet existing obligations and payments on the proposed loan. The stability of the applicant’s monthly income may be determined by verification of gross monthly income from primary employment, and from any verifiable secondary income. Although creditworthiness of the applicant is the primary consideration, the underwriting process also includes an analysis of the value of the security in relation to the proposed loan amount.
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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The financial statements of the Company are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). The financial information contained within these statements is, to a significant extent, based on measurements of the financial effects of transactions and events that have already occurred. A variety of factors could affect the ultimate value that is obtained when earning income, recognizing an expense, recovering an asset or relieving a liability. In addition, GAAP itself may change from one previously acceptable method to another method. Although the economics of the transactions would be the same, the timing of events that would impact the transactions could change.
Allowance for Loan Losses
The allowance for loan losses is an estimate of the probable losses inherent in the Company’s loan portfolio. As required by GAAP, the allowance for loan losses is accrued when their occurrence is probable and they can be estimated. Impairment losses are accrued based on the differences between the loan balance and the value of its collateral, the present value of future cash flows, or the price established in the secondary market. The Company’s allowance for loan losses has three basic components: the general allowance, the specific allowance and the unallocated allowance. Each of these components is determined based upon estimates that can and do change when actual events occur. The general allowance uses historical experience and other qualitative factors to estimate future losses and, as a result, the estimated amount of losses can differ significantly from the actual amount of losses which would be incurred in the future. However, the potential for significant differences is mitigated by continuously updating the loss history of the Company. The specific allowance is based upon the evaluation of specific impaired loans on which a loss may be realized. Factors such as past due history, ability to pay, and collateral value are used to identify those loans on which a loss may be realized. Each of these loans is then evaluated to determine how much loss is estimated to be realized on its disposition. The sum of the losses on the individual loans becomes the Company’s specific allowance. This process is inherently subjective and actual losses may be greater than or less than the estimated specific allowance. The unallocated allowance captures losses that are attributable to various economic events which may affect a certain loan type within the loan portfolio or a certain industrial or geographic sector within the Company’s market. As the loans, which are affected by these events, are identified or losses are experienced on the loans which are affected by these events, they will be reflected within the specific or general allowances. Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements presented in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of the 2018 Form 10-K, provides additional information related to the allowance for loan losses.
Other Real Estate Owned (OREO)
Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are held for sale and are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell at the date of foreclosure. Subsequent to foreclosure, management periodically performs valuations of the foreclosed assets based on updated appraisals, general market conditions, recent sales of similar properties, length of time the properties have been held, and our ability and intention with regard to continued ownership of the properties. The Company may incur additional write-downs of foreclosed assets to fair value less costs to sell if valuations indicate a further deterioration in market conditions.
Other-Than-Temporary Impairment (OTTI) for Securities
Impairment of securities occurs when the fair value of a security is less than its amortized cost. For debt securities, impairment is considered other-than-temporary and recognized in its entirety in net income if either (i) we intend to sell the security or (ii) it is more-likely-than-not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If, however, we do not intend to sell the security and it is not more-likely-than-not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery, we must determine what portion of the impairment is attributable to a credit loss, which occurs when the amortized cost basis of the security exceeds the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected from the security. If there is no credit loss, there is no other-than-temporary impairment. If there is a credit loss, other-than-temporary impairment exists, and the credit loss must be recognized in net income and the remaining portion of impairment must be recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). We regularly review each investment security for other-than-temporary impairment based on criteria that includes the extent to which cost exceeds market price, the duration of that market decline, the financial health of and specific prospects for the issuer, our best estimate of the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from debt securities, our intention with regard to holding the security to maturity and the likelihood that we would be required to sell the security before recovery.
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FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
The Company makes forward looking statements in this report that are subject to risks and uncertainties. These forward looking statements include statements regarding our profitability, liquidity, allowance for loan losses, interest rate sensitivity, market risk, growth strategy, and financial and other goals. The words “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “anticipates,” “forecasts,” “intends,” or other similar words or terms are intended to identify forward looking statements. These forward looking statements are subject to significant uncertainties because they are based upon or are affected by factors including:

• | the ability to successfully manage growth or implement growth strategies if the Bank is unable to identify attractive markets, locations or opportunities to expand in the future or if the Bank is unable to successfully integrate new branches and other growth opportunities into its existing operations;

• | competition with other banks and financial institutions, and companies outside of the banking industry, including those companies that have substantially greater access to capital and other resources;

• | the successful management of interest rate risk;

• | risks inherent in making loans such as repayment risks and fluctuating collateral values;

• | changes in general economic and business conditions in the market area;

• | reliance on the management team, including the ability to attract and retain key personnel;

• | changes in interest rates and interest rate policies;

• | maintaining capital levels adequate to support growth;

• | maintaining cost controls and asset qualities as new branches are opened or acquired;

• | demand, development and acceptance of new products and services;

• | problems with technology utilized by the Bank;

• | changing trends in customer profiles and behavior;

• | changes in banking, tax and other laws and regulations and interpretations or guidance thereunder; and

• | other factors described in Item 1A., “Risk Factors,” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Because of these uncertainties, actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward looking statements. In addition, past results of operations do not necessarily indicate future results.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net Income
Net income during the first quarter of 2019 was $2.6 million, an increase of $32 thousand or 1.26% as compared to net income during the first quarter of 2018 of $2.5 million. Earnings per share, basic and diluted were $0.74 and $0.73 for the first quarter of 2019 and the first quarter of 2018, respectively.
Return on average assets (ROA) measures how efficiently the Company uses its assets to produce net income. Some issues reflected within this efficiency include the Company’s asset mix, funding sources, pricing, fee generation, and cost control. The ROA of the Company, on an annualized basis, for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was 1.32% and 1.37%, respectively.
Return on average equity (ROE) measures the utilization of shareholders’ equity in generating net income. This measurement is affected by the same factors as ROA with consideration to how much of the Company’s assets are funded by shareholders. The ROE of the Company, on an annualized basis, for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was 11.74% and 12.40%, respectively.
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Net Interest Income
Net interest income is our primary source of revenue, representing the difference between interest and fees earned on interest-earning assets and the interest paid on deposits and other interest-bearing liabilities. The level of net interest income is impacted primarily by variations in the volume and mix of these assets and liabilities, as well as changes in interest rates. Net interest income was $7.6 million and $7.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which represents an increase of $575 thousand or 8.16%. The increase in net interest income was driven by an increase in the average balance of the loan portfolio as well as the rising interest rate environment. Average interest earning assets increased $39.5 million when comparing the three months ended March 31, 2018 to the three months ended March 31, 2019 while the average yield on earning assets increased by 38 basis points over that same period.
Total interest income was $8.6 million and $7.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which represents an increase of $1.1 million or 14.96%. Total interest expense was $969 thousand and $426 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which represents an increase of $543 thousand or 127.46%. The increase in interest expense is attributable to the increase in deposit rates in response to recent Federal Reserve Bank interest rate increases in combination with an increase in interest-bearing deposit balances.
The net interest margin was 4.14% and 4.04% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The net interest margin is calculated by dividing tax-equivalent net interest income by total average earnings assets. Tax-equivalent net interest income is calculated by adding the tax benefit on certain securities and loans, whose interest is tax-exempt, to total interest income then subtracting total interest expense. The tax rate used to calculate the tax benefit was 21% for 2019 and 2018.
Net interest income and net interest margin may experience some decline in the face of rising rates as interest bearing liabilities are repriced or replaced more rapidly than interest earning assets.
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The following table shows interest income on earning assets and related average yields as well as interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities and related average rates paid for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (dollars in thousands):

|  | March 31, 2019 |  | March 31, 2018
|  | Average Balances |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Average Yield/ Rate (3) |  | Average Balances |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Average Yield/ Rate (3)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable |  | $ | 108,519 |  |  | $ | 801 |  |  | 2.99 | % |  | $ | 90,769 |  |  | $ | 618 |  |  | 2.76 | %
Tax-Exempt (1) |  | 35,554 |  |  | 306 |  |  | 3.49 | % |  | 39,307 |  |  | 332 |  |  | 3.43 | %
Total Securities |  | $ | 144,073 |  |  | $ | 1,107 |  |  | 3.12 | % |  | $ | 130,076 |  |  | $ | 950 |  |  | 2.96 | %
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable |  | 593,870 |  |  | 7,411 |  |  | 5.06 | % |  | 563,373 |  |  | 6,467 |  |  | 4.66 | %
Non-accrual |  | 2,322 |  |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | 3,624 |  |  | — |  |  | — | %
Tax-Exempt (1) |  | 12,141 |  |  | 135 |  |  | 4.51 | % |  | 8,378 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 4.48 | %
Total Loans |  | $ | 608,333 |  |  | $ | 7,546 |  |  | 5.03 | % |  | $ | 575,375 |  |  | $ | 6,560 |  |  | 4.62 | %
Federal funds sold |  | 84 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2.41 | % |  | 218 |  |  | — |  |  | 2.19 | %
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks |  | 4,849 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 2.59 | % |  | 13,514 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 1.56 | %
Total earning assets (2) |  | $ | 755,017 |  |  | $ | 8,685 |  |  | 4.67 | % |  | $ | 715,559 |  |  | $ | 7,564 |  |  | 4.29 | %
Allowance for loan losses |  | (5,545 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (4,450 | ) |  |  |  |
Total non-earning assets |  | 46,534 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 46,553 |  |  |  |  |
Total assets |  | $ | 796,006 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 757,662 |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
NOW accounts |  | $ | 87,579 |  |  | $ | 111 |  |  | 0.52 | % |  | $ | 88,188 |  |  | $ | 58 |  |  | 0.27 | %
Money market accounts |  | 140,737 |  |  | 323 |  |  | 0.93 | % |  | 131,959 |  |  | 136 |  |  | 0.42 | %
Savings accounts |  | 103,806 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 0.20 | % |  | 103,605 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 0.10 | %
Time deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
$100,000 and more |  | 51,768 |  |  | 258 |  |  | 2.02 | % |  | 68,238 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 0.73 | %
Less than $100,000 |  | 63,727 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 1.27 | % |  | 36,963 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 0.97 | %
Total interest-bearing deposits |  | $ | 447,617 |  |  | $ | 944 |  |  | 0.86 | % |  | $ | 428,953 |  |  | $ | 426 |  |  | 0.41 | %
Federal funds purchased |  | 3,486 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 2.97 | % |  | 33 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.89 | %
Federal Home Loan Bank advances |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | %
Total interest-bearing liabilities |  | $ | 451,103 |  |  | $ | 969 |  |  | 0.87 | % |  | $ | 428,986 |  |  | $ | 426 |  |  | 0.41 | %
Noninterest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Demand deposits |  | 248,699 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 237,343 |  |  |  |  |
Other Liabilities |  | 7,384 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,258 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 707,186 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 674,587 |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity |  | 88,820 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 83,075 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 796,006 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 757,662 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income |  |  |  | $ | 7,716 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 7,138 |  |  |
Net interest spread |  |  |  |  |  | 3.79 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.88 | %
Interest expense as a percent of average earning assets |  |  |  |  |  | 0.52 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 0.24 | %
Net interest margin |  |  |  |  |  | 4.14 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 4.04 | %

(1) | Income and yields are reported on a tax-equivalent basis using a federal tax rate of 21%.

(2) | Non-accrual loans are not included in this total since they are not considered earning assets.

(3) | Annualized.

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The following table reconciles tax-equivalent net interest income, which is not a measurement under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP), to net interest income.

| Three Months Ended
| March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
| (in thousands)
GAAP Financial Measurements: |  |  |
Interest Income - Loans | $ | 7,518 |  |  | $ | 6,541 |
Interest Income - Securities and Other Interest-Earnings Assets | 1,075 |  |  | 934 |
Interest Expense - Deposits | 944 |  |  | 426 |
Interest Expense - Other Borrowings | 25 |  |  | — |
Total Net Interest Income | $ | 7,624 |  |  | $ | 7,049 |
Non-GAAP Financial Measurements: |  |  |
Add: Tax Benefit on Tax-Exempt Interest Income - Loans (1) | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 19 |
Add: Tax Benefit on Tax-Exempt Interest Income - Securities (1) | 64 |  |  | 70 |
Total Tax Benefit on Tax-Exempt Interest Income | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | 89 |
Tax-Equivalent Net Interest Income | $ | 7,716 |  |  | $ | 7,138 |

(1) Tax benefit was calculated using the federal statutory tax rate of 21%.
The tax-equivalent yield on earning assets increased from 4.29% to 4.67% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively. During that same time, the tax-equivalent yield on securities increased 16 basis points from 2.96% to 3.12%. The tax equivalent yield on loans increased 41 basis points from 4.62% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 to 5.03% for the same time period in 2019. During that same time, the yield on interest-bearing deposits in other banks increased 103 basis points from 1.56% to 2.59%. The increase in the tax-equivalent yield on loans was the main driver behind the 38 basis point increase in tax-equivalent yield on earning assets. The increase in the yield on loans as compared to the corresponding period in the prior year was primarily due to rate increases during the course of 2018.
The average rate on interest bearing liabilities increased 46 basis points from 0.41% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 to 0.87% for the same time period in 2019. The average rate on interest bearing deposits increased due to the increases in rates paid on deposit accounts driven by market rate increases, responding to recent Federal Reserve Bank interest rate increases.
Provision for Loan Losses
The provision for loan losses is based upon management’s estimate of the amount required to maintain an adequate allowance for loan losses as discussed within the Critical Accounting Policies section above. The allowance represents an amount that, in management’s judgment, will be adequate to absorb probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. Management’s judgment in determining the level of the allowance is based on evaluations of the collectability of loans while taking into consideration such factors as trends in delinquencies and charge-offs, changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions that may affect a borrower’s ability to repay and the value of collateral, overall portfolio quality and review of specific potential losses. This evaluation is inherently subjective because it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. The amount of provision for loan losses is affected by several factors including the growth rate of loans, net charge-offs (recoveries), and the estimated amount of inherent losses within the loan portfolio. The provision for loan losses was $194 thousand and $205 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The provision for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 resulted primarily from the growth of the loan portfolio.
Noninterest Income
Total noninterest income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $1.8 million. Management reviews the activities which generate noninterest income on an ongoing basis. The following table provides the components of noninterest income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, which are included within the respective Consolidated Statements of Income headings. Variances that the Company believes require explanation are discussed below the table.
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| Three Months Ended
| March 31,
(dollars in thousands) | 2019 | 2018 | $ Change | % Change
Income from fiduciary activities | $ | 282 |  | $ | 444 |  | $ | (162 | ) | (36 | )%
Service charges on deposit accounts | 285 |  | 308 |  | (23 | ) | (7 | )%
Other service charges and fees | 1,071 |  | 961 |  | 110 |  | 11 | %
(Loss) gain on sale of securities | (3 | ) | 11 |  | (14 | ) | NM |
Gain (loss) on disposal of bank premises and equipment | 120 |  | (3 | ) | 123 |  | NM |
Other operating income | 89 |  | 80 |  | 9 |  | 11 | %
Total noninterest income | $ | 1,844 |  | $ | 1,801 |  | $ | 43 |  | 2 | %

NM - Not Meaningful
Income from fiduciary activities decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2019 when compared to the same period in 2018. The majority of the decrease is due to a one-time fee, collected during the first quarter of 2018, related to the settlement of a real estate transaction. The amount of income from fiduciary activities is primarily determined by the number of active accounts and total assets under management; accordingly, income also fluctuated due to changes in the market value of the assets under management. These fluctuations during the three months ended March 31, 2019 do not necessarily indicate future results.
The amount of other services charges and fees is comprised primarily of commissions from the sale of non-deposit investment products, fees received from the Bank’s credit card program, fees generated from the Bank’s ATM/debit card programs, and fees generated from procuring applications for secondary market loans. Other service charges and fees increased during the three months ended March 31, 2019 when compared to the same periods in 2018. This increase can be primarily attributed to an increase of fees generated from procuring applications for secondary market loans of $63 thousand. This fee income fluctuates due to loan demand.
Noninterest Expenses
Total noninterest expenses increased $601 thousand or 10.67% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. The following table presents the components of noninterest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, which are included within the respective Consolidated Statements of Income headings. Variances that the Company believes require explanation are discussed below the table.
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| Three Months Ended
| March 31,
(dollars in thousands) | 2019 | 2018 | $ Change | % Change
Salaries and employee benefits | $ | 3,542 |  | $ | 3,526 |  | $ | 16 |  | — | %
Occupancy expenses | 428 |  | 371 |  | 57 |  | 15 | %
Equipment expenses | 202 |  | 219 |  | (17 | ) | (8 | )%
Advertising and marketing expenses | 218 |  | 185 |  | 33 |  | 18 | %
Stationary and supplies | 29 |  | 56 |  | (27 | ) | (48 | )%
ATM network fees | 230 |  | 206 |  | 24 |  | 12 | %
Other real estate owned expense | — |  | 130 |  | (130 | ) | NM |
(Gain) on other real estate owned | — |  | (397 | ) | 397 |  | NM |
FDIC assessment | 53 |  | 58 |  | (5 | ) | (9 | )%
Computer software expense | 110 |  | 139 |  | (29 | ) | (21 | )%
Bank franchise tax | 146 |  | 134 |  | 12 |  | 9 | %
Professional fees | 385 |  | 275 |  | 110 |  | 40 | %
Data processing fees | 240 |  | 125 |  | 115 |  | 92 | %
Other operating expenses | 648 |  | 603 |  | 45 |  | 7 | %
Total noninterest expenses | $ | 6,231 |  | $ | 5,630 |  | $ | 601 |  | 11 | %

NM - Not Meaningful
Occupancy expenses increased during the three months ended March 31, 2019 over 2018. The two main contributors to this increase were increased real estate taxes and snow removal costs.
Advertising and marketing expenses increased during the three months ended March 31, 2019 over 2018 mainly due to increases in radio advertising and charitable contributions. Advertising expenses fluctuate depending on promotions and campaigns being run by the Company.
ATM networks fees increased during the three months ended March 31, 2019 over 2018. This is due mainly to changes in activity from customers which can fluctuate between periods.
Other real estate owned expense and gain on other real estate owned decreased significantly during the three months ended March 31, 2019 over 2018. A $397 thousand gain was recognized upon the foreclosure of residential real estate collateral during the first quarter of 2018. On February 14, 2018, the Bank took ownership of an approximately 38-acre residential property located in Northern Loudoun County, Virginia. The property had a current appraised value of $3.4 million and after consideration of estimated selling costs, was recorded as other real estate owned of $3.2 million. Additionally, approximately $130 thousand in other real estate owned expenses were incurred with this foreclosure during the quarter ended March 31, 2018.
Computer software expense decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2019 over 2018 mainly due to lower amortization expense and the timing of services incurred.
Professional fees increased during the three months ended March 31, 2019 over 2018 mainly due to the Company's use of an outside firm to assist with the search for a new President and CEO given the forthcoming retirement of Mr. Milleson.
Data processing fees increased during the three months ended March 31, 2019 over 2018. Much of this increase is related to the Company moving its in-house core banking software to a service bureau environment. The Company migrated to a service bureau environment in late June 2018.
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The efficiency ratio of the Company was 65.99% and 67.48% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The efficiency ratio is not a measurement under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. It is calculated by dividing noninterest expense by the sum of tax equivalent net interest income and noninterest income excluding gains and losses on the investment portfolio and other gains/losses from OREO, repossessed vehicles, disposals of bank premises and equipment, etc. The tax rate utilized is 21% for 2019 and 2018. The Company calculates and reviews this ratio as a means of evaluating operational efficiency.
The calculation of the efficiency ratio for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

| Three Months Ended
| March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
| (in thousands)
Summary of Operating Results: |  |  |
Noninterest expenses | $ | 6,231 |  |  | $ | 5,630 |
Less: (Gain) on other real estate owned | — |  |  | (397 | )
Adjusted noninterest expenses | $ | 6,231 |  |  | $ | 6,027 |
Net interest income | $ | 7,624 |  |  | $ | 7,049 |
Noninterest income | 1,844 |  |  | 1,801 |
Less: (Loss) gain on sales of securities | (3 | ) |  | 11 |
Less: Gain (loss) on the sale and disposal of premises and equipment | 120 |  |  | (3 | )
Adjusted noninterest income | $ | 1,727 |  |  | $ | 1,793 |
Tax equivalent adjustment (1) | 92 |  |  | 89 |
Total net interest income and noninterest income, adjusted | $ | 9,443 |  |  | $ | 8,931 |
Efficiency ratio | 65.99 | % |  | 67.48 | %

(1) Includes tax-equivalent adjustments on loans and securities using the federal statutory tax rate of 21% 2019 and 2018.
Income Taxes
Income tax expense was $472 thousand and $476 thousand during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The effective tax rate was 15.51% and 15.79% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The effective tax rate is below the statutory rate of 21% due primarily to tax-exempt income on investment securities and loans. The effective tax rate is also impacted by tax credits on qualified affordable housing project investments as discussed in Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements as well as qualified rehabilitation credits.
FINANCIAL CONDITION
Securities
Total securities available for sale were $144.0 million at March 31, 2019, compared to $144.3 million at December 31, 2018. This represents a decrease of $323 thousand or 0.22%. The Company purchased $3.9 million in securities during the three months ended March 31, 2019. The Company had total maturities, calls, and principal repayments of $2.4 million. There were $3.8 million in sales during the three months ended March 31, 2019. The Company did not have any securities from a single issuer, other than U.S. government agencies, whose amount exceeded 10% of shareholders’ equity at March 31, 2019. Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements provides additional details about the Company’s securities portfolio at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The Company had a net unrealized gain on available for sale securities of $120 thousand at March 31, 2019 as compared to a net unrealized loss of $2.0 million at December 31, 2018. Unrealized gains or losses on available for sale securities are reported within shareholders’ equity, net of the related deferred tax effect, as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
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Loan Portfolio
The Company’s primary use of funds is supporting lending activities from which it derives the greatest amount of interest income. Gross loans were $619.2 million and $606.8 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. This represents an increase of $12.4 million or 2.04% during the three months ended March 31, 2019. The ratio of gross loans to deposits increased slightly during the three months ended March 31, 2019 from 86.31% at December 31, 2018 to 87.53% at March 31, 2019. Loan and deposit growth during the quarter allowed the ratio of gross loans to deposits to remain relatively stable.
The loan portfolio consists primarily of loans for owner-occupied single family dwellings and loans secured by commercial real estate. Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements provides the composition of the loan portfolio at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
Residential real estate loans were $236.2 million or 38.14% and $229.8 million or 37.87% of total loans at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Commercial real estate loans were $263.9 million or 42.61% and $265.6 million or 43.77% of total loans at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, representing a decrease of $1.7 million or 0.65% during the three months ended March 31, 2019. Construction, land development, and farmland loans were $68.6 million or 11.08% and $61.9 million or 10.20% of total loans at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, representing an increase of $6.7 million or 10.82% during the three months ended March 31, 2019. Consumer installment loans were $8.1 million or 1.30% and $8.5 million or 1.40% of total loans at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Commercial and industrial loans were $34.8 million or 5.62% and $33.1 million or 5.45% of total loans at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, representing an increase of $1.7 million or 5.17% during the three months ended March 31, 2019. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, loan growth was mainly concentrated in residential real estate and construction and land development loans.
Allowance for Loan Losses
The purpose of, and the methods for, measuring the allowance for loan losses are discussed in the Critical Accounting Policies section above. Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements shows the activity within the allowance for loan losses during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2018. Charged-off loans were $10 thousand and $138 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Recoveries were $45 thousand and $52 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. This resulted in net recoveries of $35 thousand and net charge-offs of $86 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The allowance for loan losses as a percentage of loans was 0.92% at March 31, 2019 and 0.90% at December 31, 2018. The allowance for loan losses was 173.85% of nonperforming loans at March 31, 2019 and 193.96% of nonperforming loans at December 31, 2018. All nonaccrual and other impaired loans were evaluated for impairment and any specific allocations were provided for as necessary. Management believes that the allowance for loan losses is currently adequate to absorb probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. Given the unpredictability of the economic environment, there is a potential for increases in past due loans, nonperforming loans and other real estate owned. However, the Company believes that the allowance for loan losses will be maintained at a level adequate to mitigate any negative impact resulting from such increases.
Nonperforming Assets and Other Assets
Nonperforming assets consist of nonaccrual loans, repossessed assets, other real estate owned (foreclosed properties), and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing. The majority of the increase in nonperforming assets was due mainly to the addition of several smaller loans to nonaccrual status during the three months ended March 31, 2019. Nonaccrual loans were $3.3 million and $2.1 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. One loan relationship (three loans) totaling $907 thousand was placed on nonaccrual status during the first quarter of 2019. This relationship was considered to be impaired at December 31, 2018 as well as March 31, 2019. Other real estate owned was $106 thousand at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The Company held two properties in other real estate owned with an average balance of $53 thousand at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The percentage of nonperforming assets to loans and other real estate owned was 0.55% at March 31, 2019 and 0.37% at December 31, 2018, respectively. There were no loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest at March 31, 2019 There were $695 thousand in loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing at December 31, 2018. Nonperforming loans increased by $457 thousand during the three months ended March 31, 2019 due mainly to several smaller loans being placed in nonaccrual status during the three months ended March 31, 2019.
Total past due loans, as disclosed in note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, increased by $3.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019. This increase is due mainly to one larger loan with a current balance of $1.3 million and four smaller balance loans with an average current balance of $350 thousand, all in the residential real estate portfolio. The majority of the increase in past due loans was 30 to 59 days past due.
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During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Bank placed six loans with a balance of $1.5 million at March 31, 2019 on nonaccrual status. These loans are secured by real estate. Management evaluates the financial condition of borrowers and the value of any collateral on nonaccrual loans. The results of these evaluations are used to estimate the amount of losses which may be realized on the disposition of these nonaccrual loans and are reflected in the allowance for loan losses.
Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when collection of principal and interest is doubtful, generally when a loan becomes 90 days past due. There are three negative implications for earnings when a loan is placed on non-accrual status. First, all interest accrued but unpaid at the date that the loan is placed on non-accrual status is either deducted from interest income or written off as a loss. Second, accruals of interest are discontinued until it becomes certain that both principal and interest can be repaid. Finally, there may be actual losses to principal that require additional provisions for loan losses to be charged against earnings.
For real estate loans, upon foreclosure, the balance of the loan is transferred to “Other Real Estate Owned” (“OREO”) and carried at the fair value of the property based on current appraisals and other current market trends, less estimated selling costs. If a write down of the OREO property is necessary at the time of foreclosure, the amount is charged-off to the allowance for loan losses. A review of the recorded property value is performed in conjunction with normal loan reviews, and if market conditions indicate that the recorded value exceeds the fair value, additional write downs of the property value are charged directly to operations.
In addition, the Company may, under certain circumstances, restructure loans in troubled debt restructurings as a concession to a borrower when the borrower is experiencing financial distress. Formal, standardized loan restructuring programs are not utilized by the Company. Each loan considered for restructuring is evaluated based on customer circumstances and may include modifications to one or more loan provisions. Such restructured loans are included in impaired loans. However, restructured loans are not necessarily considered nonperforming assets. At March 31, 2019, the Company had $3.8 million in restructured loans with specific allowances totaling $132 thousand. At December 31, 2018, the Company had $3.8 million in restructured loans with specific allowances totaling $174 thousand. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, total restructured loans performing under the restructured terms and accruing interest were $2.5 million and $3.7 million, respectively. Six loans, totaling $1.3 million, were in nonaccrual status at March 31, 2019. Two loans, totaling $118 thousand, were in nonaccrual status at December 31, 2018.
Deposits
Total deposits were $707.4 million and $703.1 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. This represents an increase of $4.3 million or 0.62% during the three months ended March 31, 2019. Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements provides the composition of total deposits at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits, which are comprised of checking accounts, increased $4.4 million or 1.74% from $251.2 million at December 31, 2018 to $255.6 million at March 31, 2019. Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits, which include NOW accounts, money market accounts and regular savings accounts decreased $669 thousand or 0.20% from $336.8 million at December 31, 2018 to $336.1 million at March 31, 2019. Time deposits increased $621 thousand or 0.54% from $115.1 million at December 31, 2018 to $115.8 million at March 31, 2019. Certificates of deposit also included $213 thousand and $212 thousand in reciprocal CDARS deposits at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
CAPITAL RESOURCES
The Company continues to be a well capitalized financial institution. Total shareholders’ equity at March 31, 2019 was $91.2 million, reflecting a percentage of total assets of 11.28%, as compared to $87.6 million and 10.96% at December 31, 2018. During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, the Company declared dividends of $0.23 and $0.24 per share, respectively. The Company has a Dividend Investment Plan that allows shareholders to reinvest dividends in Company stock.
At March 31, 2019, the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements and had regulatory capital ratios in excess of the levels established for well-capitalized institutions. Federal regulatory risk-based capital guidelines require percentages to be applied to various assets, including off-balance sheet assets, based on their perceived risk in order to calculate risk-weighted assets. Tier 1 capital consists of total shareholders’ equity less net unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities and changes in the benefit obligations and plan assets for the post retirement benefit plan. Total capital is comprised of Tier 1 capital plus the allowable portion of the allowance for loan losses.
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For capital adequacy purposes financial institutions must maintain a Tier 1 common equity risk-based capital ratio of 4.50%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of at least 6.00%, a Total risk-based capital ratio of at least 8.00% and a minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4.00%. The rules require the Bank to maintain (i) a minimum ratio of common equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted assets of at least 4.5%, plus a 2.5% “capital conservation buffer”, (ii) a minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 6.0%, plus the 2.5% capital conservation buffer, (iii) a minimum ratio of total capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 8.0%, plus the 2.5% capital conservation buffer, and (iv) a minimum leverage ratio of 4.0%, calculated as the ratio of Tier 1 capital to average assets. Beginning on January 1, 2016, the capital conservation buffer requirement began its phase-in in at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets, and has increased by the same amount each year until it reached 2.5% on January 1, 2019. The capital conservation buffer is applicable to all ratios except the leverage ratio, which is noted below as Tier 1 capital to average assets. The Bank's institution specific capital conservation buffer at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was 6.66% and 6.88%, respectively.
The Bank's Tier 1 common risk-based capital ratio was 13.75% at March 31, 2019 as compared to 13.99% at December 31, 2018. The Bank’s Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio was 13.75% at March 31, 2019 as compared to 13.99% at December 31, 2018. The Bank’s total risk-based capital ratio was 14.66% at March 31, 2019 as compared to 14.88% at December 31, 2018. The Bank’s Tier 1 capital to average total assets ratio was 10.91% at March 31, 2019 as compared to 10.92% at December 31, 2018. The Bank monitors these ratios on a quarterly basis and has several strategies, including without limitation the issuance of common stock, to ensure that these ratios remain above regulatory minimums. The capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banking institutions with any ratio (excluding the leverage ratio) above the minimum but below the conservation buffer will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases, and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall.
LIQUIDITY
Liquidity management involves meeting the present and future financial obligations of the Company with the sale or maturity of assets or with the occurrence of additional liabilities. Liquidity needs are met with cash on hand, deposits in banks, federal funds sold, securities classified as available for sale and loans maturing within one year. At March 31, 2019, liquid assets totaled $248.8 million as compared to $252.8 million at December 31, 2018. These amounts represent 34.67% and 35.50% of total liabilities at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The Company minimizes liquidity demand by utilizing core deposits to fund asset growth. Securities provide a constant source of liquidity through paydowns and maturities. Also, the Company maintains short-term borrowing arrangements, namely federal funds lines of credit, with larger financial institutions as an additional source of liquidity. Finally, the Bank’s membership with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta provides a source of borrowings with numerous rate and term structures. The Company’s senior management monitors the liquidity position regularly and attempts to maintain a position which utilizes available funds most efficiently.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
There have been no material changes in off-balance sheet arrangements and contractual obligations as reported in the 2018 Form 10-K.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
There have been no material changes in Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk as reported in the 2018 Form 10-K.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2019 to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
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Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management is also responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over the Company’s financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). The Company is currently using the 2013 COSO Framework.
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the Company’s quarter ended March 31, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
There are no material pending legal proceedings to which the Company is a party or of which the property of the Company is subject.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There were no material changes to the Company’s risk factors as disclosed in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The following table details the Company’s purchases of its common stock during the first quarter of 2019 pursuant to the Stock Repurchase Program. The Company authorized 150,000 shares for repurchase under the Stock Repurchase program which was renewed on June 20, 2018. The Program has an expiration date of June 30, 2019.

|  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid Per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan |  | Maximum Number of Shares that may Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan
January 1 - January 31, 2019 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | 115,667 |
February 1 - February 28, 2019 |  | 1,500 |  |  | 31.75 |  |  | 1,500 |  |  | 114,167 |
March 1 - March 31, 2019 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 114,167 |
|  | 1,500 |  |  | $ | 31.75 |  |  | 1,500 |  |  | 114,167 |

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
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Item 6. Exhibits
The following exhibits are filed with this Form 10-Q and this list includes the exhibit index:

Exhibit No. |  | Description
31.1 |  |  | Certification by Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 |  |  | Certification by Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 |  |  | Certification by Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101 |  |  | The following materials from the Eagle Financial Services, Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized, this 9th day of May, 2019.
Eagle Financial Services, Inc.

By: |  | /S/ JOHN R. MILLESON
|  | John R. Milleson President and Chief Executive Officer
By: |  | /S/ KATHLEEN J. CHAPPELL
|  | Kathleen J. Chappell Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

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