10-Q 1 fxnc0630201710-q.htm 10-Q

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2017
or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 0-23976

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Virginia |  | 54-1232965
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
112 West King Street, Strasburg, Virginia |  | 22657
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(540) 465-9121
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☒
|  |  |  | Emerging growth company |  | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date. As of August 11, 2017, 4,944,332 shares of common stock, par value $1.25 per share, of the registrant were outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. | Financial Statements |
| Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 | 3
| Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 | 6
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 | 7
| Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 | 9
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 10
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 33
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 51
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 51
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 51
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 51
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 51
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 51
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 51
Item 5. | Other Information | 51
Item 6. | Exhibits | 51

2

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
FIRST NATIONAL CORPORATION
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except share and per share data)

| (unaudited) June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016*
Assets |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 9,801 |  |  | $ | 10,106 |
Interest-bearing deposits in banks | 40,937 |  |  | 30,986 |
Securities available for sale, at fair value | 89,741 |  |  | 94,802 |
Securities held to maturity, at amortized cost (fair value, 2017, $51,001; 2016, $52,709) | 50,824 |  |  | 53,398 |
Restricted securities, at cost | 1,570 |  |  | 1,548 |
Loans held for sale | 999 |  |  | 337 |
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses, 2017, $5,444; 2016, $5,321 | 498,389 |  |  | 480,746 |
Other real estate owned, net of valuation allowance, 2017, $0; 2016, $0 | 250 |  |  | 250 |
Premises and equipment, net | 20,501 |  |  | 20,785 |
Accrued interest receivable | 1,728 |  |  | 1,746 |
Bank owned life insurance | 14,115 |  |  | 13,928 |
Core deposit intangibles, net | 1,222 |  |  | 1,551 |
Other assets | 5,580 |  |  | 5,817 |
Total assets | $ | 735,657 |  |  | $ | 716,000 |
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits | $ | 176,780 |  |  | $ | 168,076 |
Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits | 362,128 |  |  | 349,067 |
Time deposits | 122,920 |  |  | 128,427 |
Total deposits | $ | 661,828 |  |  | $ | 645,570 |
Subordinated debt | 4,939 |  |  | 4,930 |
Junior subordinated debt | 9,279 |  |  | 9,279 |
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities | 3,644 |  |  | 4,070 |
Total liabilities | $ | 679,690 |  |  | $ | 663,849 |
Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |
Preferred stock, par value $1.25 per share; authorized 1,000,000 shares; none issued and outstanding | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Common stock, par value $1.25 per share; authorized 8,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding, 2017, 4,941,604 shares; 2016, 4,929,403 shares | 6,177 |  |  | 6,162 |
Surplus | 7,177 |  |  | 7,093 |
Retained earnings | 42,709 |  |  | 39,756 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net | (96 | ) |  | (860 | )
Total shareholders’ equity | $ | 55,967 |  |  | $ | 52,151 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 735,657 |  |  | $ | 716,000 |

*Derived from audited consolidated financial statements.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
3

FIRST NATIONAL CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share data)

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| June 30, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016 |  | June 30, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016
Interest and Dividend Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest and fees on loans | $ | 5,933 |  |  | $ | 5,370 |  |  | $ | 11,579 |  |  | $ | 10,606 |
Interest on deposits in banks | 86 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 147 |  |  | 110 |
Interest and dividends on securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable interest | 634 |  |  | 683 |  |  | 1,296 |  |  | 1,424 |
Tax-exempt interest | 145 |  |  | 142 |  |  | 288 |  |  | 289 |
Dividends | 21 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 40 |
Total interest and dividend income | $ | 6,819 |  |  | $ | 6,278 |  |  | $ | 13,351 |  |  | $ | 12,469 |
Interest Expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest on deposits | $ | 405 |  |  | $ | 329 |  |  | $ | 788 |  |  | $ | 662 |
Interest on federal funds purchased | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Interest on subordinated debt | 89 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 178 |  |  | 179 |
Interest on junior subordinated debt | 76 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 144 |  |  | 125 |
Interest on other borrowings | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Total interest expense | $ | 570 |  |  | $ | 482 |  |  | $ | 1,110 |  |  | $ | 974 |
Net interest income | $ | 6,249 |  |  | $ | 5,796 |  |  | $ | 12,241 |  |  | $ | 11,495 |
Provision for loan losses | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net interest income after provision for loan losses | $ | 6,249 |  |  | $ | 5,796 |  |  | $ | 12,241 |  |  | $ | 11,495 |
Noninterest Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service charges on deposit accounts | $ | 735 |  |  | $ | 914 |  |  | $ | 1,490 |  |  | $ | 1,694 |
ATM and check card fees | 527 |  |  | 515 |  |  | 1,028 |  |  | 1,003 |
Wealth management fees | 355 |  |  | 334 |  |  | 702 |  |  | 670 |
Fees for other customer services | 137 |  |  | 137 |  |  | 277 |  |  | 284 |
Income from bank owned life insurance | 102 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 187 |  |  | 193 |
Net gains on calls and sales of securities available for sale | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | 6 |
Net gains on sale of loans | 34 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 52 |
Other operating income | 75 |  |  | 74 |  |  | 155 |  |  | 153 |
Total noninterest income | $ | 1,978 |  |  | $ | 2,112 |  |  | $ | 3,919 |  |  | $ | 4,055 |
Noninterest Expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits | $ | 3,122 |  |  | $ | 3,415 |  |  | $ | 6,364 |  |  | $ | 6,859 |
Occupancy | 348 |  |  | 365 |  |  | 715 |  |  | 789 |
Equipment | 400 |  |  | 394 |  |  | 808 |  |  | 826 |
Marketing | 136 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 272 |  |  | 227 |
Supplies | 105 |  |  | 103 |  |  | 196 |  |  | 204 |
Legal and professional fees | 245 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 442 |  |  | 467 |
ATM and check card fees | 229 |  |  | 221 |  |  | 391 |  |  | 426 |
FDIC assessment | 77 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 248 |
Bank franchise tax | 110 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 214 |  |  | 193 |
Telecommunications expense | 108 |  |  | 115 |  |  | 218 |  |  | 229 |
Data processing expense | 152 |  |  | 146 |  |  | 302 |  |  | 274 |
Postage expense | 74 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 135 |  |  | 126 |
Amortization expense | 160 |  |  | 198 |  |  | 329 |  |  | 405 |
Other real estate owned expense (income), net | 4 |  |  | (49 | ) |  | 6 |  |  | (121 | )
Other operating expense | 435 |  |  | 426 |  |  | 908 |  |  | 848 |
Total noninterest expense | $ | 5,705 |  |  | $ | 5,883 |  |  | $ | 11,456 |  |  | $ | 12,000 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
4

FIRST NATIONAL CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)
(Continued)
(in thousands, except per share data)

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| June 30, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016 |  | June 30, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016
Income before income taxes | $ | 2,522 |  |  | $ | 2,025 |  |  | $ | 4,704 |  |  | $ | 3,550 |
Income tax expense | 766 |  |  | 592 |  |  | 1,405 |  |  | 1,018 |
Net income | $ | 1,756 |  |  | $ | 1,433 |  |  | $ | 3,299 |  |  | $ | 2,532 |
Earnings per common share |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 0.67 |  |  | $ | 0.51 |
Diluted | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 0.67 |  |  | $ | 0.51 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
5

FIRST NATIONAL CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
(in thousands)

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| June 30, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016 |  | June 30, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016
Net income | $ | 1,756 |  |  | $ | 1,433 |  |  | $ | 3,299 |  |  | $ | 2,532 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax, |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains on available for sale securities, net of tax $201 and $126 for the three months and $397 and $515 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively | 392 |  |  | 247 |  |  | 773 |  |  | 996 |
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income, net of tax ($4) and $0 for the three months and ($4) and ($2) for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively | (9 | ) |  | — |  |  | (9 | ) |  | (4 | )
Total other comprehensive income | 383 |  |  | 247 |  |  | 764 |  |  | 992 |
Total comprehensive income | $ | 2,139 |  |  | $ | 1,680 |  |  | $ | 4,063 |  |  | $ | 3,524 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
6

FIRST NATIONAL CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016
(in thousands)

| June 30, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016
Cash Flows from Operating Activities |  |  |
Net income | $ | 3,299 |  |  | $ | 2,532 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment | 697 |  |  | 669 |
Amortization of core deposit intangibles | 329 |  |  | 405 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs | 9 |  |  | 8 |
Origination of loans held for sale | (4,582 | ) |  | (5,106 | )
Proceeds from sale of loans held for sale | 3,987 |  |  | 3,662 |
Net gains on sales of loans held for sale | (67 | ) |  | (52 | )
Net gains on calls and sales of securities available for sale | (13 | ) |  | (6 | )
Provision for other real estate owned | — |  |  | 27 |
Net gains on sale of other real estate owned | — |  |  | (191 | )
Income from bank owned life insurance | (187 | ) |  | (193 | )
Accretion of discounts and amortization of premiums on securities, net | 313 |  |  | 437 |
Accretion of premium on time deposits | (56 | ) |  | (94 | )
Stock-based compensation | 76 |  |  | 56 |
Excess tax benefits on stock-based compensation | (14 | ) |  | — |
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense | (157 | ) |  | 349 |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Decrease in interest receivable | 18 |  |  | 49 |
Decrease (increase) in other assets | 1 |  |  | (440 | )
(Decrease) increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities | (412 | ) |  | 74 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 3,241 |  |  | $ | 2,186 |
Cash Flows from Investing Activities |  |  |
Proceeds from maturities, calls, principal payments, and sales of securities available for sale | $ | 7,103 |  |  | $ | 12,217 |
Proceeds from maturities, calls, principal payments, and sales of securities held to maturity | 2,468 |  |  | 8,966 |
Purchases of securities available for sale | (1,079 | ) |  | — |
Net purchase of restricted securities | (22 | ) |  | (667 | )
Purchase of premises and equipment | (413 | ) |  | (406 | )
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned | — |  |  | 2,438 |
Purchase of bank owned life insurance | — |  |  | (2,000 | )
Net increase in loans | (17,643 | ) |  | (26,374 | )
Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (9,586 | ) |  | $ | (5,826 | )

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
7

FIRST NATIONAL CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(Continued)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016
(in thousands)

| June 30, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016
Cash Flows from Financing Activities |  |  |
Net increase in demand deposits and savings accounts | $ | 21,765 |  |  | $ | 10,852 |
Net decrease in time deposits | (5,451 | ) |  | (7,528 | )
Net increase in other borrowings | — |  |  | 12,000 |
Cash dividends paid on common stock, net of reinvestment | (323 | ) |  | (275 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities | $ | 15,991 |  |  | $ | 15,049 |
Increase in cash and cash equivalents | $ | 9,646 |  |  | $ | 11,409 |
Cash and Cash Equivalents |  |  |
Beginning | $ | 41,092 |  |  | $ | 39,334 |
Ending | $ | 50,738 |  |  | $ | 50,743 |
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information |  |  |
Cash payments for: |  |  |
Interest | $ | 1,174 |  |  | $ | 1,088 |
Income Taxes | $ | 1,736 |  |  | $ | 1,276 |
Supplemental Disclosures of Noncash Investing and Financing Activities |  |  |
Unrealized gains on securities available for sale | $ | 1,157 |  |  | $ | 1,505 |
Transfer from loans to other real estate owned | $ | — |  |  | $ | 37 |
Issuance of common stock, dividend reinvestment plan | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 21 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
8

FIRST NATIONAL CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016
(in thousands, except share and per share data)

| Preferred Stock |  | Common Stock |  | Surplus |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total
Balance, December 31, 2015 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,145 |  |  | $ | 6,956 |  |  | $ | 34,440 |  |  | $ | (1,588 | ) |  | $ | 45,953 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,532 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,532 |
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 992 |  |  | 992 |
Cash dividends on common stock ($0.06 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (296 | ) |  | — |  |  | (296 | )
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 56 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 56 |
Issuance of 2,245 shares common stock, dividend reinvestment plan | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |
Issuance of 7,224 shares common stock, stock incentive plan | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | (9 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance, June 30, 2016 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,157 |  |  | $ | 7,021 |  |  | $ | 36,676 |  |  | $ | (596 | ) |  | $ | 49,258 |
| Preferred Stock |  | Common Stock |  | Surplus |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total
Balance, December 31, 2016 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,162 |  |  | $ | 7,093 |  |  | $ | 39,756 |  |  | $ | (860 | ) |  | $ | 52,151 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,299 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,299 |
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 764 |  |  | 764 |
Cash dividends on common stock ($0.07 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (346 | ) |  | — |  |  | (346 | )
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 76 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 76 |
Issuance of 1,665 shares common stock, dividend reinvestment plan | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23 |
Issuance of 10,536 shares common stock, stock incentive plan | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | (13 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance, June 30, 2017 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,177 |  |  | $ | 7,177 |  |  | $ | 42,709 |  |  | $ | (96 | ) |  | $ | 55,967 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
9

FIRST NATIONAL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 1. General
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of First National Corporation (the Company) and its subsidiary, First Bank (the Bank), have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments and reclassifications of a normal and recurring nature considered necessary to present fairly the financial positions at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the statements of income and comprehensive income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 and the cash flows and changes in shareholders’ equity for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. The statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, “Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” The amendments in ASU 2016-01, among other things: 1) Requires equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting, or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. 2) Requires public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes. 3) Requires separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset (i.e., securities or loans and receivables). 4) Eliminates the requirement for public business entities to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost. The amendments in this ASU are effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-01 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” Among other things, in the amendments in ASU 2016-02, lessees will be required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: (1) A lease liability, which is a lessee‘s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (2) A right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. Under the new guidance, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. Certain targeted improvements were made to align, where necessary, lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model and Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted upon issuance. Lessees (for capital and operating leases) and lessors (for sales-type, direct financing, and operating leases) must apply a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The modified retrospective approach would not require any transition accounting for leases that expired before the earliest comparative period presented. Lessees and lessors may not apply a full retrospective transition approach. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-02 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
During June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” The amendments in this ASU, among other things, require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. In addition, the ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. The amendments in this ASU are effective for SEC filers for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently assessing the impact that ASU 2016-13 will have on its consolidated financial statements.
10

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

During August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments”, to address diversity in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The amendments are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. If retrospective application is impractical for some of the issues addressed by the update, the amendments for those issues would be applied prospectively as of the earliest date practicable. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-15 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
During January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business”. The amendments in this ASU clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. Under the current implementation guidance in Topic 805, there are three elements of a business—inputs, processes, and outputs. While an integrated set of assets and activities (collectively referred to as a “set”) that is a business usually has outputs, outputs are not required to be present. In addition, all the inputs and processes that a seller uses in operating a set are not required if market participants can acquire the set and continue to produce outputs. The amendments in this ASU provide a screen to determine when a set is not a business. If the screen is not met, the amendments (1) require that to be considered a business, a set must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output and (2) remove the evaluation of whether a market participant could replace missing elements. The ASU provides a framework to assist entities in evaluating whether both an input and a substantive process are present. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods. The amendments in this ASU should be applied prospectively on or after the effective date. No disclosures are required at transition. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-01 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
During January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment”. The amendments in this ASU simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. Instead, under the amendments in this ASU, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. Public business entities that are U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filers should adopt the amendments in this ASU for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-04 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
During March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, “Compensation — Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost.” The amendments in this ASU require an employer that offers defined benefit pension plans, other postretirement benefit plans, or other types of benefits accounted for under Topic 715 to report the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost in the same line item(s) as other compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period. The other components of net periodic benefit cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component. If the other components of net periodic benefit cost are not presented on a separate line or lines, the line item(s) used in the income statement must be disclosed. In addition, only the service cost component will be eligible for capitalization as part of an asset, when applicable. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-07 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
During March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-08, “Receivables—Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20), Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities.” The amendments in this ASU shorten the amortization period for certain callable debt securities purchased at a premium. Upon adoption of the standard, premiums on these qualifying callable debt securities will be amortized to the earliest call date. Discounts on purchased debt securities will continue to be accreted to maturity. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. Upon transition, entities should apply the guidance on a modified retrospective basis, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the
11

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

beginning of the period of adoption and provide the disclosures required for a change in accounting principle. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-08 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
During May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting.” The amendments provide guidance on determining which changes to the terms and conditions of share-based payment awards require an entity to apply modification accounting under Topic 718. The amendments are effective for all entities for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period, for reporting periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-09 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
Note 2. Securities
The Company invests in U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities, obligations of state and political subdivisions, corporate equity securities, and corporate debt securities. Amortized costs and fair values of securities at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows (in thousands):

| June 30, 2017
| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized (Losses) |  | Fair Value
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities | $ | 74,574 |  |  | $ | 298 |  |  | $ | (644 | ) |  | $ | 74,228 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 15,313 |  |  | 241 |  |  | (53 | ) |  | 15,501 |
Corporate equity securities | 1 |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |
Total securities available for sale | $ | 89,888 |  |  | $ | 550 |  |  | $ | (697 | ) |  | $ | 89,741 |
Securities held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities | $ | 34,730 |  |  | $ | 93 |  |  | $ | (200 | ) |  | $ | 34,623 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 14,594 |  |  | 294 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,888 |
Corporate debt securities | 1,500 |  |  | — |  |  | (10 | ) |  | 1,490 |
Total securities held to maturity | $ | 50,824 |  |  | $ | 387 |  |  | $ | (210 | ) |  | $ | 51,001 |
Total securities | $ | 140,712 |  |  | $ | 937 |  |  | $ | (907 | ) |  | $ | 140,742 |

| December 31, 2016
| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized (Losses) |  | Fair Value
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities | $ | 81,451 |  |  | $ | 177 |  |  | $ | (1,457 | ) |  | $ | 80,171 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 14,654 |  |  | 146 |  |  | (180 | ) |  | 14,620 |
Corporate equity securities | 1 |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |
Total securities available for sale | $ | 96,106 |  |  | $ | 333 |  |  | $ | (1,637 | ) |  | $ | 94,802 |
Securities held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities | $ | 37,269 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (483 | ) |  | $ | 36,787 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 14,629 |  |  | 18 |  |  | (211 | ) |  | 14,436 |
Corporate debt securities | 1,500 |  |  | — |  |  | (14 | ) |  | 1,486 |
Total securities held to maturity | $ | 53,398 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | (708 | ) |  | $ | 52,709 |
Total securities | $ | 149,504 |  |  | $ | 352 |  |  | $ | (2,345 | ) |  | $ | 147,511 |

12

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, investments in an unrealized loss position that were temporarily impaired were as follows (in thousands):

| June 30, 2017
| Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or more |  | Total
| Fair Value |  | Unrealized (Loss) |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized (Loss) |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized (Loss)
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities | $ | 42,325 |  |  | $ | (493 | ) |  | $ | 4,964 |  |  | $ | (151 | ) |  | $ | 47,289 |  |  | $ | (644 | )
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 2,569 |  |  | (53 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,569 |  |  | (53 | )
Total securities available for sale | $ | 44,894 |  |  | $ | (546 | ) |  | $ | 4,964 |  |  | $ | (151 | ) |  | $ | 49,858 |  |  | $ | (697 | )
Securities held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities | $ | 17,961 |  |  | $ | (200 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,961 |  |  | $ | (200 | )
Corporate debt securities | 1,490 |  |  | (10 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,490 |  |  | (10 | )
Total securities held to maturity | $ | 19,451 |  |  | $ | (210 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,451 |  |  | $ | (210 | )
Total securities | $ | 64,345 |  |  | $ | (756 | ) |  | $ | 4,964 |  |  | $ | (151 | ) |  | $ | 69,309 |  |  | $ | (907 | )
| December 31, 2016
| Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or more |  | Total
| Fair Value |  | Unrealized (Loss) |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized (Loss) |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized (Loss)
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities | $ | 60,943 |  |  | $ | (1,249 | ) |  | $ | 5,499 |  |  | $ | (208 | ) |  | $ | 66,442 |  |  | $ | (1,457 | )
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 5,130 |  |  | (180 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,130 |  |  | (180 | )
Total securities available for sale | $ | 66,073 |  |  | $ | (1,429 | ) |  | $ | 5,499 |  |  | $ | (208 | ) |  | $ | 71,572 |  |  | $ | (1,637 | )
Securities held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities | $ | 34,770 |  |  | $ | (483 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 34,770 |  |  | $ | (483 | )
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 12,724 |  |  | (211 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,724 |  |  | (211 | )
Corporate debt securities | 1,486 |  |  | (14 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,486 |  |  | (14 | )
Total securities held to maturity | $ | 48,980 |  |  | $ | (708 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 48,980 |  |  | $ | (708 | )
Total securities | $ | 115,053 |  |  | $ | (2,137 | ) |  | $ | 5,499 |  |  | $ | (208 | ) |  | $ | 120,552 |  |  | $ | (2,345 | )

The tables above provide information about securities that have been in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve consecutive months and securities that have been in an unrealized loss position for twelve consecutive months or more. Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market concerns warrant such evaluation. Impairment is considered to be other-than-temporary if the Company (1) intends to sell the security, (2) more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovering its cost, or (3) does not expect to recover the security’s entire amortized cost basis. Presently, the Company does not intend to sell any of these securities, does not expect to be required to sell these securities, and expects to recover the entire amortized cost of all the securities.
At June 30, 2017, there were forty-two out of eighty-three U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities, seven out of eighty-one obligations of states and political subdivisions, and one corporate debt security in an unrealized loss position. One hundred percent of the Company’s investment portfolio is considered investment grade. The weighted-average re-pricing term of the portfolio was 4.2 years at June 30, 2017. At December 31, 2016, there were sixty-four out of eighty-three U.S. agency and
13

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

mortgage-backed securities, fifty of seventy-eight obligations of states and political subdivisions, and one corporate debt security in an unrealized loss position. One hundred percent of the Company’s investment portfolio was considered investment grade at December 31, 2016. The weighted-average re-pricing term of the portfolio was 4.7 years at December 31, 2016. The unrealized losses at June 30, 2017 in the U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities portfolio, the obligations of states and political subdivisions portfolio, and the corporate debt securities portfolio were related to changes in market interest rates and not credit concerns of the issuers.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company sold one security from the held to maturity portfolio. The Company recognized no gain or loss related to the sale as the carrying value of the security sold equaled the proceeds from the sale of $657 thousand. The sale of this security was in response to credit deterioration of the issuer. There were no sales of securities from the held to maturity portfolio for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2017.
The amortized cost and fair value of securities at June 30, 2017 by contractual maturity are shown below (in thousands). Expected maturities of mortgage-backed securities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Corporate equity securities are not included in the maturity categories in the following maturity summary because they do not have a stated maturity date.

| Available for Sale |  | Held to Maturity
| Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Due within one year | $ | 1,959 |  |  | $ | 1,981 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Due after one year through five years | 14,050 |  |  | 14,136 |  |  | 6,195 |  |  | 6,257 |
Due after five years through ten years | 11,412 |  |  | 11,404 |  |  | 14,343 |  |  | 14,549 |
Due after ten years | 62,466 |  |  | 62,208 |  |  | 30,286 |  |  | 30,195 |
Corporate equity securities | 1 |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| $ | 89,888 |  |  | $ | 89,741 |  |  | $ | 50,824 |  |  | $ | 51,001 |

Federal Home Loan Bank, Federal Reserve Bank and Community Bankers’ Bank stock are generally viewed as long-term investments and as restricted securities, which are carried at cost, because there is a minimal market for the stock. Therefore, when evaluating restricted securities for impairment, their value is based on the ultimate recoverability of the par value rather than by recognizing temporary declines in value. The Company does not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at June 30, 2017, and no impairment has been recognized.
The composition of restricted securities at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was as follows (in thousands):

| June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Federal Home Loan Bank stock | $ | 645 |  |  | $ | 623 |
Federal Reserve Bank stock | 875 |  |  | 875 |
Community Bankers’ Bank stock | 50 |  |  | 50 |
| $ | 1,570 |  |  | $ | 1,548 |

14

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 3. Loans
Loans at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are summarized as follows (in thousands):

| June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Real estate loans: |  |  |
Construction and land development | $ | 36,783 |  |  | $ | 34,699 |
Secured by 1-4 family residential | 205,114 |  |  | 198,763 |
Other real estate loans | 215,742 |  |  | 211,210 |
Commercial and industrial loans | 31,201 |  |  | 29,981 |
Consumer and other loans | 14,993 |  |  | 11,414 |
Total loans | $ | 503,833 |  |  | $ | 486,067 |
Allowance for loan losses | (5,444 | ) |  | (5,321 | )
Loans, net | $ | 498,389 |  |  | $ | 480,746 |

Net deferred loan fees included in the above loan categories were $232 thousand and $142 thousand at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Consumer and other loans included $245 thousand and $264 thousand of demand deposit overdrafts at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
Risk characteristics of each loan portfolio class that are considered by the Company include:

• | 1-4 family residential mortgage loans carry risks associated with the continued creditworthiness of the borrower and changes in the value of the collateral.

• | Real estate construction and land development loans carry risks that the project may not be finished according to schedule, the project may not be finished according to budget and the value of the collateral may, at any point in time, be less than the principal amount of the loan. Construction loans also bear the risk that the general contractor, who may or may not be a loan customer, may be unable to finish the construction project as planned because of financial pressure or other factors unrelated to the project.

• | Other real estate loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business or a real estate project, in addition to other risks associated with the ownership of real estate, because repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flows of the business or project.

• | Commercial and industrial loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business because repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flows of the business. In addition, there is risk associated with the value of collateral other than real estate which may depreciate over time and cannot be appraised with as much reliability.

• | Consumer and other loans carry risk associated with the continued creditworthiness of the borrower and the value of the collateral, i.e. rapidly depreciating assets such as automobiles, or lack thereof. Consumer loans are likely to be immediately adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy, or other changes in circumstances.

15

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following tables provide a summary of loan classes and an aging of past due loans as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):

| June 30, 2017
| 30-59 Days Past Due |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  | > 90 Days Past Due |  | Total Past Due |  | Current |  | Total Loans |  | Non-accrual Loans |  | 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development | $ | — |  |  | $ | 157 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 157 |  |  | $ | 36,626 |  |  | $ | 36,783 |  |  | $ | 730 |  |  | $ | — |
Secured by 1-4 family residential | 231 |  |  | 272 |  |  | 609 |  |  | 1,112 |  |  | 204,002 |  |  | 205,114 |  |  | 724 |  |  | 151 |
Other real estate loans | 365 |  |  | 251 |  |  | 459 |  |  | 1,075 |  |  | 214,667 |  |  | 215,742 |  |  | 459 |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial | 29 |  |  | 23 |  |  | — |  |  | 52 |  |  | 31,149 |  |  | 31,201 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer and other loans | 41 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 41 |  |  | 14,952 |  |  | 14,993 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 666 |  |  | $ | 703 |  |  | $ | 1,068 |  |  | $ | 2,437 |  |  | $ | 501,396 |  |  | $ | 503,833 |  |  | $ | 1,913 |  |  | $ | 151 |

| December 31, 2016
| 30-59 Days Past Due |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  | > 90 Days Past Due |  | Total Past Due |  | Current |  | Total Loans |  | Non-accrual Loans |  | 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development | $ | — |  |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 34,659 |  |  | $ | 34,699 |  |  | $ | 1,033 |  |  | $ | — |
Secured by 1-4 family residential | 980 |  |  | 170 |  |  | 410 |  |  | 1,560 |  |  | 197,203 |  |  | 198,763 |  |  | 413 |  |  | 84 |
Other real estate loans | 321 |  |  | 701 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,022 |  |  | 210,188 |  |  | 211,210 |  |  | 74 |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial | 36 |  |  | 309 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 377 |  |  | 29,604 |  |  | 29,981 |  |  | — |  |  | 32 |
Consumer and other loans | 19 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |  |  | 11,388 |  |  | 11,414 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 1,356 |  |  | $ | 1,227 |  |  | $ | 442 |  |  | $ | 3,025 |  |  | $ | 483,042 |  |  | $ | 486,067 |  |  | $ | 1,520 |  |  | $ | 116 |

Credit Quality Indicators
As part of the ongoing monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to the risk grading of specified classes of loans. The Company utilizes a risk grading matrix to assign a rating to each of its loans. The loan ratings are summarized into the following categories: pass, special mention, substandard, doubtful and loss. Pass rated loans include all risk rated credits other than those included in special mention, substandard or doubtful. Loans classified as loss are charged-off. Loan officers assign risk grades to loans at origination and as renewals arise. The Bank’s Credit Administration department reviews risk grades for accuracy on a quarterly basis and as credit issues arise. In addition, a certain amount of loans are reviewed each year through the Company’s internal and external loan review process. A description of the general characteristics of the loan grading categories is as follows:
Pass – Loans classified as pass exhibit acceptable operating trends, balance sheet trends, and liquidity. Sufficient cash flow exists to service the loan. All obligations have been paid by the borrower as agreed.
Special Mention – Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or the Bank’s credit position at some future date.
16

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Substandard – Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and payment capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
Doubtful – Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The Company considers all doubtful loans to be impaired and places the loan on non-accrual status.
Loss – Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectable and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted.
The following tables provide an analysis of the credit risk profile of each loan class as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):

| June 30, 2017
| Pass |  | Special Mention |  | Substandard |  | Doubtful |  | Total
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development | $ | 31,272 |  |  | $ | 2,556 |  |  | $ | 2,955 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 36,783 |
Secured by 1-4 family residential | 200,446 |  |  | 2,388 |  |  | 2,280 |  |  | — |  |  | 205,114 |
Other real estate loans | 204,820 |  |  | 5,066 |  |  | 5,856 |  |  | — |  |  | 215,742 |
Commercial and industrial | 30,716 |  |  | 368 |  |  | 117 |  |  | — |  |  | 31,201 |
Consumer and other loans | 14,993 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,993 |
Total | $ | 482,247 |  |  | $ | 10,378 |  |  | $ | 11,208 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 503,833 |
| December 31, 2016
| Pass |  | Special Mention |  | Substandard |  | Doubtful |  | Total
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development | $ | 29,416 |  |  | $ | 2,402 |  |  | $ | 2,881 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 34,699 |
Secured by 1-4 family residential | 193,395 |  |  | 3,295 |  |  | 2,073 |  |  | — |  |  | 198,763 |
Other real estate loans | 200,009 |  |  | 6,990 |  |  | 4,211 |  |  | — |  |  | 211,210 |
Commercial and industrial | 29,456 |  |  | 386 |  |  | 139 |  |  | — |  |  | 29,981 |
Consumer and other loans | 11,414 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,414 |
Total | $ | 463,690 |  |  | $ | 13,073 |  |  | $ | 9,304 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 486,067 |

17

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 4. Allowance for Loan Losses
The following tables present, as of June 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, the total allowance for loan losses, the allowance by impairment methodology and loans by impairment methodology (in thousands):

| June 30, 2017
| Construction and Land Development |  | Secured by 1-4 Family Residential |  | Other Real Estate |  | Commercial and Industrial |  | Consumer and Other Loans |  | Total
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance, December 31, 2016 | $ | 441 |  |  | $ | 1,019 |  |  | $ | 3,142 |  |  | $ | 380 |  |  | $ | 339 |  |  | $ | 5,321 |
Charge-offs | — |  |  | (25 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (242 | ) |  | (267 | )
Recoveries | 2 |  |  | 238 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 390 |
Provision for (recovery of) loan losses | 39 |  |  | (360 | ) |  | (115 | ) |  | (12 | ) |  | 448 |  |  | — |
Ending Balance, June 30, 2017 | $ | 482 |  |  | $ | 872 |  |  | $ | 3,074 |  |  | $ | 375 |  |  | $ | 641 |  |  | $ | 5,444 |
Ending Balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | — |  |  | 57 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 57 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 482 |  |  | 815 |  |  | 3,074 |  |  | 375 |  |  | 641 |  |  | 5,387 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending Balance | $ | 36,783 |  |  | $ | 205,114 |  |  | $ | 215,742 |  |  | $ | 31,201 |  |  | $ | 14,993 |  |  | $ | 503,833 |
Individually evaluated for impairment | 1,613 |  |  | 1,772 |  |  | 1,355 |  |  | 67 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,807 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 35,170 |  |  | 203,342 |  |  | 214,387 |  |  | 31,134 |  |  | 14,993 |  |  | 499,026 |

| December 31, 2016
| Construction and Land Development |  | Secured by 1-4 Family Residential |  | Other Real Estate |  | Commercial and Industrial |  | Consumer and Other Loans |  | Total
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance, December 31, 2015 | $ | 1,532 |  |  | $ | 939 |  |  | $ | 2,534 |  |  | $ | 306 |  |  | $ | 213 |  |  | $ | 5,524 |
Charge-offs | — |  |  | (83 | ) |  | (165 | ) |  | — |  |  | (540 | ) |  | (788 | )
Recoveries | 4 |  |  | 293 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 275 |  |  | 585 |
Provision for (recovery of) loan losses | (1,095 | ) |  | (130 | ) |  | 771 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 391 |  |  | — |
Ending Balance, December 31, 2016 | $ | 441 |  |  | $ | 1,019 |  |  | $ | 3,142 |  |  | $ | 380 |  |  | $ | 339 |  |  | $ | 5,321 |
Ending Balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | — |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 441 |  |  | 982 |  |  | 3,142 |  |  | 380 |  |  | 339 |  |  | 5,284 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending Balance | $ | 34,699 |  |  | $ | 198,763 |  |  | $ | 211,210 |  |  | $ | 29,981 |  |  | $ | 11,414 |  |  | $ | 486,067 |
Individually evaluated for impairment | 1,973 |  |  | 1,828 |  |  | 984 |  |  | 75 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,860 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 32,726 |  |  | 196,935 |  |  | 210,226 |  |  | 29,906 |  |  | 11,414 |  |  | 481,207 |

18

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

| June 30, 2016
| Construction and Land Development |  | Secured by 1-4 Family Residential |  | Other Real Estate |  | Commercial and Industrial |  | Consumer and Other Loans |  | Total
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance, December 31, 2015 | $ | 1,532 |  |  | $ | 939 |  |  | $ | 2,534 |  |  | $ | 306 |  |  | $ | 213 |  |  | $ | 5,524 |
Charge-offs | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (254 | ) |  | (256 | )
Recoveries | 2 |  |  | 279 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 177 |  |  | 466 |
Provision for (recovery of) loan losses | (865 | ) |  | (178 | ) |  | 874 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 166 |  |  | — |
Ending Balance, June 30, 2016 | $ | 669 |  |  | $ | 1,038 |  |  | $ | 3,409 |  |  | $ | 316 |  |  | $ | 302 |  |  | $ | 5,734 |
Ending Balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | — |  |  | — |  |  | 184 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 184 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 669 |  |  | 1,038 |  |  | 3,225 |  |  | 316 |  |  | 302 |  |  | 5,550 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending Balance | $ | 33,232 |  |  | $ | 196,295 |  |  | $ | 200,162 |  |  | $ | 24,721 |  |  | $ | 11,136 |  |  | $ | 465,546 |
Individually evaluated for impairment | 2,664 |  |  | 2,022 |  |  | 2,614 |  |  | 84 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,384 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 30,568 |  |  | 194,273 |  |  | 197,548 |  |  | 24,637 |  |  | 11,136 |  |  | 458,162 |

19

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Impaired loans and the related allowance at June 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, were as follows (in thousands):

| June 30, 2017
| Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Recorded Investment with No Allowance |  | Recorded Investment with Allowance |  | Total Recorded Investment |  | Related Allowance |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development | $ | 2,066 |  |  | $ | 1,613 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,613 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,955 |  |  | $ | 26 |
Secured by 1-4 family | 1,820 |  |  | 1,348 |  |  | 424 |  |  | 1,772 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 1,667 |  |  | 31 |
Other real estate loans | 1,540 |  |  | 1,355 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,355 |  |  | — |  |  | 958 |  |  | 49 |
Commercial and industrial | 86 |  |  | 67 |  |  | — |  |  | 67 |  |  | — |  |  | 71 |  |  | 2 |
Total | $ | 5,512 |  |  | $ | 4,383 |  |  | $ | 424 |  |  | $ | 4,807 |  |  | $ | 57 |  |  | $ | 4,651 |  |  | $ | 108 |
| December 31, 2016
| Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Recorded Investment with No Allowance |  | Recorded Investment with Allowance |  | Total Recorded Investment |  | Related Allowance |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development | $ | 2,388 |  |  | $ | 1,973 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,973 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,407 |  |  | $ | 66 |
Secured by 1-4 family | 1,851 |  |  | 1,675 |  |  | 153 |  |  | 1,828 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 2,013 |  |  | 87 |
Other real estate loans | 1,213 |  |  | 984 |  |  | — |  |  | 984 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,529 |  |  | 22 |
Commercial and industrial | 93 |  |  | 75 |  |  | — |  |  | 75 |  |  | — |  |  | 85 |  |  | 1 |
Total | $ | 5,545 |  |  | $ | 4,707 |  |  | $ | 153 |  |  | $ | 4,860 |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 7,034 |  |  | $ | 176 |
| June 30, 2016
| Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Recorded Investment with No Allowance |  | Recorded Investment with Allowance |  | Total Recorded Investment |  | Related Allowance |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development | $ | 2,900 |  |  | $ | 2,664 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,664 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,545 |  |  | $ | 31 |
Secured by 1-4 family | 2,041 |  |  | 2,022 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,022 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,051 |  |  | 52 |
Other real estate loans | 3,191 |  |  | 2,066 |  |  | 548 |  |  | 2,614 |  |  | 184 |  |  | 2,965 |  |  | 17 |
Commercial and industrial | 100 |  |  | 84 |  |  | — |  |  | 84 |  |  | — |  |  | 90 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 8,232 |  |  | $ | 6,836 |  |  | $ | 548 |  |  | $ | 7,384 |  |  | $ | 184 |  |  | $ | 7,651 |  |  | $ | 100 |

The “Recorded Investment” amounts in the table above represent the outstanding principal balance on each loan represented in the table. The “Unpaid Principal Balance” represents the outstanding principal balance on each loan represented in the table plus any amounts that have been charged off on each loan and/or payments that have been applied towards principal on non-accrual loans. Only loan classes with balances are included in the tables above.
As of June 30, 2017, loans classified as troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) and included in impaired loans in the disclosure above totaled $375 thousand. At June 30, 2017, $291 thousand of the loans classified as TDRs were performing under the restructured terms and were not considered non-performing assets. There were $460 thousand in TDRs at December 31, 2016, $300 thousand of which were performing under the restructured terms. Modified terms under TDRs may include rate reductions, extension of terms that are considered to be below market, conversion to interest only, and other actions intended to
20

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

minimize the economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of the collateral. There were no loans modified under TDRs during the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, there were no troubled debt restructurings that subsequently defaulted within twelve months of the loan modification. Management defines default as over ninety days past due or the foreclosure and repossession of the collateral or charge-off of the loan during the twelve month period subsequent to the modification.
Note 5. Other Real Estate Owned (OREO)
Changes in the balance for OREO are as follows (in thousands):

| Six Months Ended |  | Year Ended
| June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Balance at the beginning of year, gross | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | 2,903 |
Transfers in | — |  |  | 287 |
Charge-offs | — |  |  | (251 | )
Sales proceeds | — |  |  | (2,882 | )
Gain on disposition | — |  |  | 193 |
Balance at the end of period, gross | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | 250 |
Less: valuation allowance | — |  |  | — |
Balance at the end of period, net | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | 250 |

There were no residential real estate properties included in the ending OREO balances above at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. The Bank did not have any consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process as of June 30, 2017.
Changes in the valuation allowance are as follows (in thousands):

| Six Months Ended |  | Year Ended
| June 30, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016 |  | December 31, 2016
Balance at beginning of year | $ | — |  |  | $ | 224 |  |  | $ | 224 |
Provision for losses | — |  |  | 27 |  |  | 27 |
Charge-offs, net | — |  |  | (70 | ) |  | (251 | )
Balance at end of period | $ | — |  |  | $ | 181 |  |  | $ | — |

Net expenses applicable to OREO, other than the provision for losses, were $6 thousand and $43 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively and $46 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Note 6. Other Borrowings
The Bank had unused lines of credit totaling $123.1 million and $125.6 million available with non-affiliated banks at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. These amounts primarily consist of a blanket floating lien agreement with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (FHLB) in which the Bank can borrow up to 19% of its total assets. The unused line of credit with FHLB totaled $72.8 million at June 30, 2017. The Bank had collateral pledged on the borrowing line at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 including real estate loans totaling $99.1 million and $103.9 million, respectively, and Federal Home Loan Bank stock with a book value of $645 thousand and $623 thousand, respectively. The Bank did not have borrowings from the FHLB at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
21

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 7. Capital Requirements
The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk-weightings and other factors. Prompt corrective action provisions are not applicable to bank holding companies.
The final rules implementing the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s capital guidelines for U.S. banks (Basel III rules) became effective January 1, 2015, with full compliance of all the requirements being phased in over a multi-year schedule, and becoming fully phased in by January 1, 2019. As part of the new requirements, the common equity Tier 1 capital ratio is calculated and utilized in the assessment of capital for all institutions. The final rules also established a “capital conservation buffer” above the new regulatory minimum capital requirements. The capital conservation buffer is being phased-in over four years, which began on January 1, 2016.
Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the following table) of total (as defined in the regulations), Tier 1 (as defined), and common equity Tier 1 capital (as defined) to risk-weighted assets (as defined), and of Tier 1 capital to average assets. Management believes, as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, that the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which it is subject.
As of June 30, 2017, the most recent notification from the Federal Reserve Bank categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, the Bank must maintain minimum risk-based capital and leverage ratios as set forth in the following table. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category.
A comparison of the capital of the Bank at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 with the minimum regulatory guidelines were as follows (dollars in thousands):

| Actual |  | Minimum Capital Requirement |  | Minimum To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
| Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio
June 30, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) | $ | 69,325 |  |  | 13.82 | % |  | $ | 40,139 |  |  | 8.00 | % |  | $ | 50,174 |  |  | 10.00 | %
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) | $ | 63,881 |  |  | 12.73 | % |  | $ | 30,104 |  |  | 6.00 | % |  | $ | 40,139 |  |  | 8.00 | %
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) | $ | 63,881 |  |  | 12.73 | % |  | $ | 22,578 |  |  | 4.50 | % |  | $ | 32,613 |  |  | 6.50 | %
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets) | $ | 63,881 |  |  | 8.76 | % |  | $ | 29,186 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | $ | 36,482 |  |  | 5.00 | %
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) | $ | 65,590 |  |  | 13.47 | % |  | $ | 38,951 |  |  | 8.00 | % |  | $ | 48,689 |  |  | 10.00 | %
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) | $ | 60,269 |  |  | 12.38 | % |  | $ | 29,213 |  |  | 6.00 | % |  | $ | 38,951 |  |  | 8.00 | %
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) | $ | 60,269 |  |  | 12.38 | % |  | $ | 21,910 |  |  | 4.50 | % |  | $ | 31,648 |  |  | 6.50 | %
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets) | $ | 60,269 |  |  | 8.48 | % |  | $ | 28,432 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | $ | 35,540 |  |  | 5.00 | %

In addition to the regulatory minimum risk-based capital amounts presented above, the Bank must maintain a capital conservation buffer as required by the Basel III final rules. The buffer began applying to the Bank on January 1, 2016, and is subject to phase-in from 2016 to 2019 in equal annual installments of 0.625%. Accordingly, the Bank was required to maintain a capital conservation buffer of 1.250% and 0.625% at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Under the final rules, an institutions is subject to limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses if its capital level falls below the buffer amount. As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the capital conservation buffer of the Bank was 5.82% and 5.47%, respectively.
22

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 8. Subordinated Debt
On October 30, 2015, the Company entered into a Subordinated Loan Agreement (the Agreement) pursuant to which the Company issued an interest only subordinated term note due 2025 in the aggregate principal amount of $5.0 million (the Note). The Note bears interest at a fixed rate of 6.75% per annum. The Note qualifies as Tier 2 capital for regulatory capital purposes and at June 30, 2017, the total amount of subordinated debt issued was included in the Company’s Tier 2 capital. Unamortized debt issuance costs related to the Note were $61 thousand and $70 thousand at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
The Note has a maturity date of October 1, 2025. Subject to regulatory approval, the Company may prepay the Note, in part or in full, beginning on October 30, 2020. The Note is an unsecured, subordinated obligation of the Company and ranks junior in right of payment to the Company’s senior indebtedness and to the Company’s obligations to its general creditors. The Note ranks equally with all other unsecured subordinated debt, except any which by its terms is expressly stated to be subordinated to the Note. The Note ranks senior to all current and future junior subordinated debt obligations, preferred stock and common stock of the Company.
The Note is not convertible into common stock or preferred stock. The Agreement contains customary events of default such as the bankruptcy of the Company and the non-payment of principal or interest when due. The holder of the Note may accelerate the repayment of the Note only in the event of bankruptcy or similar proceedings and not for any other event of default.
Note 9. Junior Subordinated Debt
On June 8, 2004, First National (VA) Statutory Trust II (Trust II), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, was formed for the purpose of issuing redeemable capital securities, commonly known as trust preferred securities. On June 17, 2004, $5.0 million of trust preferred securities were issued through a pooled underwriting. The securities have a LIBOR-indexed floating rate of interest. The interest rate at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was 3.87% and 3.59%, respectively. The securities have a mandatory redemption date of June 17, 2034, and were subject to varying call provisions that began September 17, 2009. The principal asset of Trust II is $5.2 million of the Company’s junior subordinated debt with maturities and interest rates comparable to the trust preferred securities. The Trust’s obligations under the trust preferred securities are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Company. The Company is current on its interest payments on the junior subordinated debt.
On July 24, 2006, First National (VA) Statutory Trust III (Trust III), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, was formed for the purpose of issuing redeemable capital securities. On July 31, 2006, $4.0 million of trust preferred securities were issued through a pooled underwriting. The securities have a LIBOR-indexed floating rate of interest. The interest rate at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was 2.75% and 2.45%, respectively. The securities have a mandatory redemption date of October 1, 2036, and were subject to varying call provisions that began October 1, 2011. The principal asset of Trust III is $4.1 million of the Company’s junior subordinated debt with maturities and interest rates comparable to the trust preferred securities. The Trust’s obligations under the trust preferred securities are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Company. The Company is current on its interest payments on the junior subordinated debt.
While these securities are debt obligations of the Company, they are included in capital for regulatory capital ratio calculations. Under present regulations, the junior subordinated debt may be included in Tier 1 capital for regulatory capital adequacy purposes as long as their amount does not exceed 25% of Tier 1 capital, including total junior subordinated debt. The portion of the junior subordinated debt not considered as Tier 1 capital, if any, may be included in Tier 2 capital. At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the total amount of junior subordinated debt issued by the Trusts was included in the Company’s Tier 1 capital.
23

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 10. Benefit Plans
The Bank has a noncontributory, defined benefit pension plan for all full-time employees over 21 years of age with at least one year of credited service and hired prior to May 1, 2011. Effective May 1, 2011, the plan was frozen to new participants. Only individuals employed on or before April 30, 2011 were eligible to become participants in the plan upon satisfaction of the eligibility requirements. Benefits are generally based upon years of service and average compensation for the five highest-paid consecutive years of service. The Bank’s funding practice has been to make at least the minimum required annual contribution permitted by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
On September 14, 2016, the defined benefit pension plan was amended to be terminated and the amendment has been submitted to the Internal Revenue Service and the Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation for approval. Under the amendment, benefit accruals ceased as of November 30, 2016. Although an application for termination approval is in process, the date of possible Internal Revenue Service approval is unknown and there can be no assurance of when the plan will be terminated. The funding status of the plan upon termination is not expected to be significantly different from the funded status disclosed in Note 13 of the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. The benefit obligation is not expected to change significantly at termination and the fair value of assets is not expected to change significantly at termination. Pension plan assets are expected to remain in cash and equivalents through the termination date.
Components of the net periodic benefit cost of the plan for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 were as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| June 30, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016 |  | June 30, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016
Service cost | $ | — |  |  | $ | 103 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 205 |
Interest cost | 20 |  |  | 83 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 166 |
Expected return on plan assets | (9 | ) |  | (75 | ) |  | (18 | ) |  | (149 | )
Recognized net actuarial loss | — |  |  | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | 42 |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 132 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 264 |

The Company previously disclosed in its consolidated financial statements in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, that it expected to make a contribution of $2.1 million upon termination.
In addition to the defined benefit pension plan, the Company maintains a 401(k) plan and an employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) for eligible employees. On September 14, 2016, the ESOP was amended to freeze the plan to new participants and to cease all contributions, effective December 31, 2016. The amendment also directs matching contributions and certain other retirement contributions made by the Company to the 401(k) plan. The ESOP shall be maintained as a frozen plan and continue to be invested in Company stock and such other assets as permitted under the ESOP and Trust Agreement for the benefit of participants and their beneficiaries.
See Note 13 of the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 for additional information about the Company’s benefit plans.
Note 11. Earnings per Common Share
Basic earnings per common share represents income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share reflects additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued, as well as any adjustment to income that would result from the assumed issuance.
24

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 (dollars in thousands, except per share data):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| June 30, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016 |  | June 30, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016
(Numerator): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 1,756 |  |  | $ | 1,433 |  |  | $ | 3,299 |  |  | $ | 2,532 |
(Denominator): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic | 4,940,904 |  |  | 4,924,702 |  |  | 4,938,178 |  |  | 4,922,509 |
Potentially dilutive common shares – restricted stock units | 1,822 |  |  | 2,157 |  |  | 2,013 |  |  | 2,089 |
Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted | 4,942,726 |  |  | 4,926,859 |  |  | 4,940,191 |  |  | 4,924,598 |
Income per common share |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 0.67 |  |  | $ | 0.51 |
Diluted | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 0.67 |  |  | $ | 0.51 |

Note 12. Fair Value Measurements
The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. In accordance with the “Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures” topic of FASB ASC, the fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument.
The fair value guidance provides a consistent definition of fair value, which focuses on exit price in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. If there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, a change in valuation technique or the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. In such instances, determining the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market conditions depends on the facts and circumstances and requires the use of significant judgment. The fair value is a reasonable point within the range that is most representative of fair value under current market conditions.
Fair Value Hierarchy
In accordance with this guidance, the Company groups its assets and liabilities generally measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value.

Level 1 - | Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 1 assets and liabilities generally include debt and equity securities that are traded in an active exchange market. Valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for market transactions involving identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - | Valuation is based on inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. The valuation may be based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

25

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Level 3 - | Valuation is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which determination of fair value requires a significant management judgment or estimation.

An instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain assets recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in the financial statements:
Securities available for sale
Securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted market prices, when available (Level 1). If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are measured utilizing independent valuation techniques of identical or similar securities for which significant assumptions are derived primarily from or corroborated by observable market data. Third party vendors compile prices from various sources and may determine the fair value of identical or similar securities by using pricing models that consider observable market data (Level 2).
The following tables present the balances of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands).

|  |  | Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2017
Description | Balance as of June 30, 2017 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities | $ | 74,228 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 74,228 |  |  | $ | — |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 15,501 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,501 |  |  | — |
Corporate equity securities | 12 |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| $ | 89,741 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 89,729 |  |  | $ | — |
|  |  | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016
Description | Balance as of December 31, 2016 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities | $ | 80,171 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 80,171 |  |  | $ | — |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 14,620 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,620 |  |  | — |
Corporate equity securities | 11 |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| $ | 94,802 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 94,791 |  |  | $ | — |

26

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. Adjustments to the fair value of these assets usually result from the application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.
The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in the financial statements:
Loans held for sale
Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or market value. These loans currently consist of one-to-four family residential loans originated for sale in the secondary market. Fair value is based on the price secondary markets are currently offering for similar loans using observable market data which is not materially different than cost due to the short duration between origination and sale (Level 2). As such, the Company records any fair value adjustments on a nonrecurring basis. No nonrecurring fair value adjustments were recorded on loans held for sale during six months ended June 30, 2017 and the year ended December 31, 2016.
Impaired Loans
Loans are designated as impaired when, in the judgment of management based on current information and events, it is probable that all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreements will not be collected. The measurement of loss associated with impaired loans can be based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the observable market price of the loan, or the fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell. Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable. The vast majority of the Company’s collateral is real estate. The value of real estate collateral is determined utilizing a market valuation approach based on an appraisal conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser using observable market data (Level 2) within the last twelve months. However, if the collateral is a house or building in the process of construction or if an appraisal of the property is more than one year old and not solely based on observable market comparables or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value, then a Level 3 valuation is considered to measure the fair value. The value of business equipment is based upon an outside appraisal, of one year or less, if deemed significant, or the net book value on the applicable business’s financial statements if not considered significant using observable market data. Likewise, values for inventory and accounts receivables collateral are based on financial statement balances or aging reports (Level 3). Impaired loans allocated to the allowance for loan losses are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for loan losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Other real estate owned
Loans are transferred to other real estate owned when the collateral securing them is foreclosed on or acquired through a deed in lieu of foreclosure. The measurement of loss associated with other real estate owned is based on the appraisal documents and assessed the same way as impaired loans described above. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as other real estate owned expense (income) on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The following tables summarize the Company’s assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the periods (dollars in thousands):

|  |  | Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2017
Description | Balance as of June 30, 2017 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Impaired loans, net | $ | 367 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 367 |
Other real estate owned | 250 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 250 |

27

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

|  |  | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016
Description | Balance as of December 31, 2016 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Impaired loans, net | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 116 |
Other real estate owned | 250 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 250 |

| Quantitative information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for June 30, 2017
| Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range (Weighted-Average)
Impaired loans, net | $ | 367 |  |  | Property appraisals |  | Selling cost |  | 10 | %
Other real estate owned | $ | 250 |  |  | Property appraisals |  | Selling cost |  | — | %
| Quantitative information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for December 31, 2016
| Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range (Weighted-Average)
Impaired loans, net | $ | 116 |  |  | Property appraisals |  | Selling cost |  | 10 | %
Other real estate owned | $ | 250 |  |  | Property appraisals |  | Selling cost |  | — | %

The amount disclosed as fair value of other real estate owned at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 represents the carrying value of the property. Since the appraised value of the property, net of selling costs, exceeded the Company’s carrying value on the date the property was transferred from premises and equipment to other real estate owned, the Company did not adjust the carrying value for selling costs.
Accounting guidance requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or non-recurring basis. The methodologies for estimating the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis are discussed above. The methodologies for other financial assets and financial liabilities are discussed below:
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Federal Funds Sold
The carrying amounts of cash and short-term instruments approximate fair values.
Securities Held to Maturity
Certain debt securities that management has the positive intent and ability to hold until maturity are recorded at amortized cost. Fair values are determined in a manner that is consistent with securities available for sale.
Restricted Securities
The carrying value of restricted securities approximates fair value based on redemption provisions.
Loans
For variable-rate loans that re-price frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values. Fair values for all other loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality. Fair values for non-performing loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses or underlying collateral values, where applicable.
28

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Deposit Liabilities
The fair value of demand deposits, savings accounts, and certain money market deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. The fair value of fixed-rate certificates of deposit is estimated using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.
Accrued Interest
Accrued interest receivable and payable were estimated to equal the carrying value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments.
Borrowings and Federal Funds Purchased
The carrying amounts of federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings maturing within ninety days approximate their fair values. Fair values of all other borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the Company’s current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements.
Bank Owned Life Insurance
Bank owned life insurance represents insurance policies on officers, directors, and past directors of the Company. The cash values of these policies are estimates using information provided by insurance carriers. These policies are carried at their cash surrender value, which approximates the fair value.
Commitments and Unfunded Credits
The fair value of commitments to extend credit is estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counterparties. For fixed-rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates.
The fair value of stand-by letters of credit is based on fees currently charged for similar agreements or on the estimated cost to terminate them or otherwise settle the obligations with the counterparties at the reporting date. At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, fair value of loan commitments and standby letters of credit was immaterial.
29

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The carrying values and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are as follows (in thousands):

| Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2017 Using
| Carrying Amount |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1 |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2 |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3 |  | Fair Value
Financial Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and short-term investments | $ | 50,738 |  |  | $ | 50,738 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 50,738 |
Securities available for sale | 89,741 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 89,729 |  |  | — |  |  | 89,741 |
Securities held to maturity | 50,824 |  |  | — |  |  | 49,511 |  |  | 1,490 |  |  | 51,001 |
Restricted securities | 1,570 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,570 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,570 |
Loans held for sale | 999 |  |  | — |  |  | 999 |  |  | — |  |  | 999 |
Loans, net | 498,389 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 499,030 |  |  | 499,030 |
Bank owned life insurance | 14,115 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,115 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,115 |
Accrued interest receivable | 1,728 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,728 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,728 |
Financial Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | $ | 661,828 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 538,908 |  |  | $ | 121,798 |  |  | $ | 660,706 |
Subordinated debt | 4,939 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,753 |  |  | 4,753 |
Junior subordinated debt | 9,279 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,472 |  |  | 9,472 |
Accrued interest payable | 87 |  |  | — |  |  | 87 |  |  | — |  |  | 87 |

| Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016 Using
| Carrying Amount |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1 |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2 |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3 |  | Fair Value
Financial Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and short-term investments | $ | 41,092 |  |  | $ | 41,092 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 41,092 |
Securities available for sale | 94,802 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 94,791 |  |  | — |  |  | 94,802 |
Securities held to maturity | 53,398 |  |  | — |  |  | 51,223 |  |  | 1,486 |  |  | 52,709 |
Restricted securities | 1,548 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,548 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,548 |
Loans held for sale | 337 |  |  | — |  |  | 337 |  |  | — |  |  | 337 |
Loans, net | 480,746 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 481,475 |  |  | 481,475 |
Bank owned life insurance | 13,928 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,928 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,928 |
Accrued interest receivable | 1,746 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,746 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,746 |
Financial Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | $ | 645,570 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 517,143 |  |  | $ | 127,179 |  |  | $ | 644,322 |
Subordinated debt | 4,930 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,715 |  |  | 4,715 |
Junior subordinated debt | 9,279 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,075 |  |  | 9,075 |
Accrued interest payable | 95 |  |  | — |  |  | 95 |  |  | — |  |  | 95 |

30

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The Company assumes interest rate risk (the risk that general interest rate levels will change) as a result of its normal operations. As a result, the fair values of the Company’s financial instruments will change when interest rate levels change and that change may be either favorable or unfavorable to the Company. Management attempts to match maturities of assets and liabilities to the extent believed necessary to minimize interest rate risk. However, borrowers with fixed rate obligations are less likely to prepay in a rising rate environment and more likely to prepay in a falling rate environment. Conversely, depositors who are receiving fixed rates are more likely to withdraw funds before maturity in a rising rate environment and less likely to do so in a falling rate environment. Management monitors rates and maturities of assets and liabilities and attempts to minimize interest rate risk by adjusting terms of new loans and deposits and by investing in securities with terms that mitigate the Company’s overall interest rate risk.
Note 13. Stock Compensation Plans
On May 13, 2014, the Company’s shareholders approved the First National Corporation 2014 Stock Incentive Plan, which makes available up to 240,000 shares of common stock for the granting of stock options, restricted stock awards, stock appreciation rights and other stock-based awards. Awards are made at the discretion of the Board of Directors and compensation cost equal to the fair value of the award is recognized over the vesting period.
Stock Awards
Whenever the Company deems it appropriate to grant a stock award, the recipient receives a specified number of unrestricted shares of employer stock. Stock awards may be made by the Company at its discretion without cash consideration and may be granted as settlement of a performance-based compensation award.
During the first quarter of 2017, the Company granted and issued 2,000 shares of common stock to the Chief Executive Officer for his individual performance and dedicated service to the Company. Compensation expense related to stock awards totaled $30 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2017. The Company did not have compensation expense related to stock awards for the six months ended June 30, 2016.
Restricted Stock Units
Restricted stock units are an award of units that correspond in number and value to a specified number of shares of employer stock which the recipient receives according to a vesting plan and distribution schedule after achieving required performance milestones or upon remaining with the employer for a particular length of time. Each restricted stock unit that vests entitles the recipient to receive one share of common stock on a specified issuance date.
In the first quarter of 2017, 3,939 restricted stock units were granted to employees, with 1,317 units vesting immediately and 2,622 units subject to a two year vesting schedule with one half of the units vesting each year on the grant date anniversary. The recipient does not have any stockholder rights, including voting, dividend or liquidation rights, with respect to the shares underlying awarded restricted stock units until vesting has occurred and the recipient becomes the record holder of those shares. The unvested restricted stock units will vest on the established schedule if the employees remain employed by the Company on future vesting dates.
A summary of the activity for the Company’s restricted stock units for the period indicated is presented in the following table:

| Six Months Ended
| June 30, 2017
| Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested, beginning of year | 10,259 |  |  | $ | 8.88 |
Granted | 3,939 |  |  | 15.20 |
Vested | (8,536 | ) |  | 9.89 |
Forfeited | — |  |  | — |
Unvested, end of period | 5,662 |  |  | $ | 11.76 |

31

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

At June 30, 2017, based on restricted stock unit awards outstanding at that time, the total unrecognized pre-tax compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock unit awards was $48 thousand. This expense is expected to be recognized through 2019. Compensation expense related to restricted stock unit awards recognized for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 totaled $46 thousand and $56 thousand, respectively. As of June 30, 2017, the Company does not expect the forfeiture of any unvested restricted stock units.
Note 14. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows (in thousands):

| Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities |  | Adjustments Related to Pension Benefits |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance at December 31, 2015 | $ | (192 | ) |  | $ | (1,396 | ) |  | $ | (1,588 | )
Unrealized holding gains (net of tax, $515) | 996 |  |  | — |  |  | 996 |
Reclassification adjustment (net of tax, ($2)) | (4 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4 | )
Change during period | 992 |  |  | — |  |  | 992 |
Balance at June 30, 2016 | $ | 800 |  |  | $ | (1,396 | ) |  | $ | (596 | )
Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | (860 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (860 | )
Unrealized holding gains (net of tax, $397) | 773 |  |  | — |  |  | 773 |
Reclassification adjustment (net of tax, ($4)) | (9 | ) |  | — |  |  | (9 | )
Change during period | 764 |  |  | — |  |  | 764 |
Balance at June 30, 2017 | $ | (96 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (96 | )

The following tables present information related to reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands).

Details About Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Income
| Three Months Ended |
| June 30, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016 |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |
Net securities gains reclassified into earnings | $ | (13 | ) |  | $ | — |  | Net gains on calls and sales of securities available for sale
Related income tax expense | 4 |  |  | — |  | Income tax expense
Total reclassifications | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | — |  | Net of tax

Details About Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Income
| Six Months Ended |
| June 30, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016 |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |
Net securities gains reclassified into earnings | $ | (13 | ) |  | $ | (6 | ) | Net gains on calls and sales of securities available for sale
Related income tax expense | 4 |  |  | 2 |  | Income tax expense
Total reclassifications | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | (4 | ) | Net of tax

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
The Company makes forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q that are subject to risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements include statements regarding profitability, liquidity, adequacy of capital, allowance for loan losses, interest rate sensitivity, market risk, growth strategy, and financial and other goals. The words “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “anticipates,” “forecasts,” “intends,” or other similar words or terms are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to significant uncertainties because they are based upon or are affected by factors including:

• | conditions in the financial markets and economic conditions may adversely affect the Company’s business;

• | the inability of the Company to successfully manage its growth or implement its growth strategy;

• | difficulties in combining the operations of acquired bank branches or entities with the Company’s own operations;

• | the Company’s inability to successfully obtain the expected benefits of the acquisition of bank branches or entities;

• | intense competition from other businesses both in making loans and attracting deposits;

• | the composition of the deposit portfolio, including the types of deposit accounts and customers, may change, which could impact revenue from service charges on deposits;

• | consumers may increasingly decide not to use the Company to complete their financial transactions;

• | limited availability of financing or inability to raise capital;

• | exposure to operational, technological, and organizational risk;

• | reliance on other companies to provide key components of their business infrastructure;

• | the Company’s credit standards and its on-going credit assessment processes might not protect it from significant credit losses;

• | operational functions of business counterparties over which the Company may have limited or no control may experience disruptions;

• | nonperforming assets take significant time to resolve and adversely affect the Company’s results of operations and financial condition;

• | allowance for loan losses may prove to be insufficient to absorb losses in the loan portfolio;

• | the concentration in loans secured by real estate may adversely affect earnings due to changes in the real estate markets;

• | legislative or regulatory changes or actions, or significant litigation;

• | the limited trading market for the Company’s common stock; it may be difficult to sell shares;

• | unexpected loss of management personnel;

• | losses that could arise from breaches in cyber-security and theft of customer account information;

• | increases in FDIC insurance premiums could adversely affect the Company’s profitability;

• | the ability to retain customers and secondary funding sources if the Company’s reputation would become damaged;

• | changes in interest rates could have a negative impact on the Company’s net interest income and an unfavorable impact on the Company’s customers’ ability to repay loans; and

• | other factors identified in Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2016.

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Because of these uncertainties, actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements. In addition, past results of operations do not necessarily indicate future results. The following discussion and analysis of the financial condition at June 30, 2017 and statements of income of the Company for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Part I, Item 1, of this Form 10-Q and in Part II, Item 8, of the Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2016. The statements of income for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2017 may not be indicative of the results to be achieved for the year.
Executive Overview
The Company
First National Corporation (the Company) is the bank holding company of:

• | First Bank (the Bank). The Bank owns:

• | First Bank Financial Services, Inc.

• | Shen-Valley Land Holdings, LLC

• | First National (VA) Statutory Trust II (Trust II)

• | First National (VA) Statutory Trust III (Trust III)

First Bank Financial Services, Inc. invests in entities that provide title insurance and investment services. Shen-Valley Land Holdings, LLC was formed to hold other real estate owned and future office sites. The Trusts were formed for the purpose of issuing redeemable capital securities, commonly known as trust preferred securities and are not included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with authoritative accounting guidance because management has determined that the Trusts qualify as variable interest entities.
Products, Services, Customers and Locations
The Bank provides loan, deposit, wealth management and other products and services in the Shenandoah Valley and central regions of Virginia. Loan products and services include consumer loans, residential mortgages, home equity loans and commercial loans. Deposit products and services include checking, savings, money market accounts, individual retirement accounts, certificates of deposit and cash management accounts.
The Bank’s wealth management department offers estate planning, investment management of assets, trustee under an agreement, trustee under a will, individual retirement accounts, and estate settlement. The Bank’s mortgage department originates residential mortgage loans to customers. Loans originated through this department may be sold to investors in the secondary market or held in the Bank’s loan portfolio. Mortgage services are offered to customers throughout the Bank’s market area.
The Bank’s office locations are well-positioned in attractive markets along the Interstate 81, Interstate 66 and Interstate 64 corridors in the Shenandoah Valley and central regions of Virginia. Within this market area, there are various types of industry including medical and professional services, manufacturing, retail, government contracting and higher education. Customers include individuals, small and medium-sized businesses, local governmental entities and non-profit organizations.
The Bank’s products and services are delivered through its mobile banking platform, its website, www.fbvirginia.com, a network of ATMs located throughout its market area, two loan production offices, a customer service center in a retirement village, and 14 bank branch office locations located throughout the Shenandoah Valley and central regions of Virginia. The branch offices are comprised of 13 full service retail banking offices and one drive-thru express banking office. The location and general character of these properties is further described in Part I, Item 2 of Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Bank also plans to enter a new market by opening a branch office in the city of Richmond, Virginia during the fourth quarter of 2017.
Revenue Sources and Expense Factors
The primary source of revenue is from net interest income earned by the Bank. Net interest income is the difference between interest income and interest expense and typically represents between 70% and 80% of the Company’s total revenue. Interest
34

income is determined by the amount of interest-earning assets outstanding during the period and the interest rates earned on those assets. The Bank’s interest expense is a function of the amount of interest-bearing liabilities outstanding during the period and the interest rates paid. In addition to net interest income, noninterest income is the other source of revenue for the Company. Noninterest income is derived primarily from service charges on deposits, fee income from wealth management services and ATM and check card fees.
Primary expense categories are salaries and employee benefits, which comprised 56% of noninterest expenses for the six month period ended June 30, 2017, followed by occupancy and equipment expense, which comprised 13% of noninterest expenses. Historically, the provision for loan losses has also been a primary expense of the Bank. The provision is determined by factors that include net charge-offs, asset quality, economic conditions and loan growth. Changing economic conditions caused by inflation, recession, unemployment or other factors beyond the Company’s control have a direct correlation with asset quality, net charge-offs and ultimately the required provision for loan losses.
Quarterly Performance
Net income increased by $323 thousand to $1.8 million, or $0.36 per basic and diluted share, for the three months ended June 30, 2017, compared to $1.4 million, or $0.29 per basic and diluted share, for the same period in 2016. Return on average assets was 0.96% and return on average equity was 12.79% for the second quarter of 2017, compared to 0.82% and 11.90%, respectively, for the same period in 2016.
The $323 thousand increase in net income for the three month period ended June 30, 2017 resulted primarily from a $453 thousand, or 8%, increase in net interest income and a $178 thousand, or 3%, decrease in noninterest expenses, compared to the same period of 2016. These increases were offset by a $134 thousand, or 6%, decrease in noninterest income and a $174 thousand increase in income tax expense.
Net interest income increased from a higher net interest margin and from higher average earning asset balances. Average earning asset balances increased 4%, and the net interest margin increased 11 basis points to 3.73% for the second quarter of 2017, compared to 3.62% for the same period in 2016. Noninterest income decreased primarily from lower service charges on deposit accounts. Noninterest expense decreased primarily from lower salaries and employee benefits expense and lower FDIC assessment. Based on management's allowance for loan loss analysis, a provision for loan losses was not recorded during the second quarter of 2017 or 2016. For a more detailed discussion of the provision for loan losses, see “Provision for Loan Losses” below.
Year-to-Date Performance
Net income increased by $767 thousand to $3.3 million, or $0.67 per basic and diluted share, for the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to $2.5 million, or $0.51 per basic and diluted share, for the same period in 2016. Return on average assets was 0.92% and return on average equity was 12.29% for the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to 0.73% and 10.66%, respectively, for the same period in 2016.
The $767 thousand increase in net income for the six month period ended June 30, 2017 resulted primarily from a $746 thousand, or 6%, increase in net interest income and a $544 thousand, or 5%, decrease in noninterest expenses, compared to the same period of 2016. These increases were offset by a $136 thousand, or 3%, decrease in noninterest income and a $387 thousand increase in income tax expense.
Net interest income increased from a higher net interest margin and from higher average earning asset balances. Average earning asset balances increased 4%, and the net interest margin increased 9 basis points to 3.71% for the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to 3.62% for the same period in 2016. Noninterest income decreased primarily from lower service charges on deposit accounts. Noninterest expense decreased primarily from lower salaries and employee benefits expense and lower FDIC assessment. Based on management's allowance for loan loss analysis, a provision for loan losses was not recorded during the six month period ended June 30, 2017 or 2016. For a more detailed discussion of the provision for loan losses, see “Provision for Loan Losses” below.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
This report refers to the efficiency ratio, which is computed by dividing noninterest expense, excluding OREO (expense)/income and amortization of intangibles, by the sum of net interest income on a tax-equivalent basis and noninterest income, excluding securities gains. This is a non-GAAP financial measure that the Company believes provides investors with important information regarding operational efficiency. Such information is not prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and should not be construed as such. Management believes, however, such financial information
35

is meaningful to the reader in understanding operating performance, but cautions that such information not be viewed as a substitute for GAAP. The Company, in referring to its net income, is referring to income under GAAP. The components of the efficiency ratio calculation are summarized in the following table (dollars in thousands).

|  | Efficiency Ratio
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
|  | June 30, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016 |  | June 30, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016
Noninterest expense |  | $ | 5,705 |  |  | $ | 5,883 |  |  | $ | 11,456 |  |  | $ | 12,000 |
Add/(Subtract): other real estate owned (expense)/income, net |  | (4 | ) |  | 49 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | 121 |
Subtract: amortization of intangibles |  | (160 | ) |  | (198 | ) |  | (329 | ) |  | (405 | )
|  | $ | 5,541 |  |  | $ | 5,734 |  |  | $ | 11,121 |  |  | $ | 11,716 |
Tax-equivalent net interest income |  | $ | 6,341 |  |  | $ | 5,894 |  |  | $ | 12,426 |  |  | $ | 11,694 |
Noninterest income |  | 1,978 |  |  | 2,112 |  |  | 3,919 |  |  | 4,055 |
Subtract: securities gains, net |  | (13 | ) |  | — |  |  | (13 | ) |  | (6 | )
|  | $ | 8,306 |  |  | $ | 8,006 |  |  | $ | 16,332 |  |  | $ | 15,743 |
Efficiency ratio |  | 66.71 | % |  | 71.62 | % |  | 68.09 | % |  | 74.42 | %

This report also refers to net interest margin, which is calculated by dividing tax equivalent net interest income by total average earning assets. Because a portion of interest income earned by the Company is nontaxable, the tax equivalent net interest income is considered in the calculation of this ratio. Tax equivalent net interest income is calculated by adding the tax benefit realized from interest income that is nontaxable to total interest income then subtracting total interest expense. The tax rate utilized in calculating the tax benefit for both 2017 and 2016 is 34%. The reconciliation of tax equivalent net interest income, which is not a measurement under GAAP, to net interest income, is reflected in the table below (in thousands).

|  | Reconciliation of Net Interest Income to Tax-Equivalent Net Interest Income
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
|  | June 30, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016 |  | June 30, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016
GAAP measures: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income – loans |  | $ | 5,933 |  |  | $ | 5,370 |  |  | $ | 11,579 |  |  | $ | 10,606 |
Interest income – investments and other |  | 886 |  |  | 908 |  |  | 1,772 |  |  | 1,863 |
Interest expense – deposits |  | (405 | ) |  | (329 | ) |  | (788 | ) |  | (662 | )
Interest expense – federal funds purchased |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3 | )
Interest expense – subordinated debt |  | (89 | ) |  | (89 | ) |  | (178 | ) |  | (179 | )
Interest expense – junior subordinated debt |  | (76 | ) |  | (64 | ) |  | (144 | ) |  | (125 | )
Interest expense – other borrowings |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5 | )
Total net interest income |  | $ | 6,249 |  |  | $ | 5,796 |  |  | $ | 12,241 |  |  | $ | 11,495 |
Non-GAAP measures: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax benefit realized on non-taxable interest income – loans |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 50 |
Tax benefit realized on non-taxable interest income – municipal securities |  | 74 |  |  | 73 |  |  | 148 |  |  | 149 |
Total tax benefit realized on non-taxable interest income |  | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | 98 |  |  | $ | 185 |  |  | $ | 199 |
Total tax-equivalent net interest income |  | $ | 6,341 |  |  | $ | 5,894 |  |  | $ | 12,426 |  |  | $ | 11,694 |

Critical Accounting Policies
General
The Company’s consolidated financial statements and related notes are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The financial information contained within the statements is, to a significant extent, financial information that is based on measures of the
36

financial effects of transactions and events that have already occurred. A variety of factors could affect the ultimate value that is obtained either when earning income, recognizing an expense, recovering an asset or relieving a liability. The Bank uses historical losses as one factor in determining the inherent loss that may be present in the loan portfolio. Actual losses could differ significantly from the historical factors used. In addition, GAAP itself may change from one previously acceptable method to another. Although the economics of transactions would be the same, the timing of events that would impact transactions could change.
Presented below is a discussion of those accounting policies that management believes are the most important (“Critical Accounting Policies”) to the portrayal and understanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. The Critical Accounting Policies require management’s most difficult, subjective and complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain. In the event that different assumptions or conditions were to prevail, and depending upon the severity of such changes, the possibility of materially different financial condition or results of operations is a reasonable likelihood.
Allowance for Loan Losses
The allowance for loan losses is established as losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management determines that the loan balance is uncollectible. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. For further information about the Company’s loans and the allowance for loan losses, see Notes 3 and 4 in this Form 10-Q.
The allowance for loan losses is evaluated on a quarterly basis by management and is based upon management’s periodic review of the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.
The Company performs regular credit reviews of the loan portfolio to review credit quality and adherence to underwriting standards. The credit reviews consist of reviews by its internal credit administration department and reviews performed by an independent third party. Upon origination, each loan is assigned a risk rating ranging from one to nine, with loans closer to one having less risk. This risk rating scale is our primary credit quality indicator. The Company has various committees that review and ensure that the allowance for loans losses methodology is in accordance with GAAP and loss factors used appropriately reflect the risk characteristics of the loan portfolio.
The allowance represents an amount that, in management’s judgment, will be adequate to absorb any losses on existing loans that may become uncollectible. Management’s judgment in determining the level of the allowance is based on evaluations of the collectability of loans while taking into consideration such factors as trends in delinquencies and charge-offs, changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions that may affect a borrower’s ability to repay and the value of the collateral, overall portfolio quality and review of specific potential losses. The evaluation also considers the following risk characteristics of each loan portfolio class:

• | 1-4 family residential mortgage loans carry risks associated with the continued creditworthiness of the borrower and changes in the value of the collateral.

• | Real estate construction and land development loans carry risks that the project may not be finished according to schedule, the project may not be finished according to budget and the value of the collateral may, at any point in time, be less than the principal amount of the loan. Construction loans also bear the risk that the general contractor, who may or may not be a loan customer, may be unable to finish the construction project as planned because of financial pressure or other factors unrelated to the project.

• | Other real estate loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business or a real estate project, in addition to other risks associated with the ownership of real estate, because repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flows of the business or project.

• | Commercial and industrial loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business because repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flows of the business. In addition, there is risk associated with the value of collateral other than real estate which may depreciate over time and cannot be appraised with as much reliability.

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• | Consumer and other loans carry risk associated with the continued creditworthiness of the borrower and the value of the collateral, i.e. rapidly depreciating assets such as automobiles, or lack thereof. Consumer loans are likely to be immediately adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy, or other changes in circumstances.

The allowance for loan losses consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are classified as impaired, and is established when the discounted cash flows, fair value of collateral less estimated costs to sell or observable market price of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. For collateral dependent loans, an updated appraisal is ordered if a current one is not on file. Appraisals are performed by independent third-party appraisers with relevant industry experience. Adjustments to the appraised value may be made based on recent sales of like properties or general market conditions among other considerations.
The general component covers loans that are not considered impaired and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors. The historical loss experience is calculated by loan type and uses an average loss rate during the preceding twelve quarters. The qualitative factors are assigned by management based on delinquencies and asset quality, national and local economic trends, effects of the changes in the value of underlying collateral, trends in volume and nature of loans, effects of changes in the lending policy, the experience and depth of management, concentrations of credit, quality of the loan review system and the effect of external factors such as competition and regulatory requirements. The factors assigned differ by loan type. The general allowance estimates losses whose impact on the portfolio has yet to be recognized by a specific allowance. Allowance factors and the overall size of the allowance may change from period to period based on management’s assessment of the above described factors and the relative weights given to each factor. For further information regarding the allowance for loan losses see Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Other Real Estate Owned (OREO)
Other real estate owned (OREO) consists of properties obtained through a foreclosure proceeding or through an in-substance foreclosure in satisfaction of loans and properties originally acquired for branch expansion but no longer intended to be used for that purpose. OREO is initially recorded at fair value less estimated costs to sell to establish a new cost basis. OREO is subsequently reported at the lower of cost or fair value less costs to sell, determined on the basis of current appraisals, comparable sales, and other estimates of fair value obtained principally from independent sources, adjusted for estimated selling costs. Management also considers other factors or recent developments, such as changes in absorption rates or market
conditions from the time of valuation and anticipated sales values considering management’s plans for disposition, which could result in adjustments to the collateral value estimates indicated in the appraisals. Significant judgments and complex estimates are required in estimating the fair value of other real estate owned, and the period of time within which such estimates can be considered current is significantly shortened during periods of market volatility. In response to market conditions and other economic factors, management may utilize liquidation sales as part of its distressed asset disposition strategy. As a result of the significant judgments required in estimating fair value and the variables involved in different methods of disposition, the net proceeds realized from sales transactions could differ significantly from appraisals, comparable sales, and other estimates used to determine the fair value of other real estate owned. Management reviews the value of other real estate owned each quarter and adjusts the values as appropriate. Revenue and expenses from operations and changes in the valuation allowance are included in other real estate owned expense (income).
Other-Than-Temporary Impairment of Securities
Impairment of securities occurs when the fair value of a security is less than its amortized cost. For debt securities, impairment is considered other-than-temporary and recognized in its entirety in net income if either the Company (1) intends to sell the security or (2) it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If, however, the Company does not intend to sell the security and it is not more-than-likely that it will be required to sell the security before recovery, the Company must determine what portion of the impairment is attributable to a credit loss, which occurs when the amortized cost of the security exceeds the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected from the security. If there is no credit loss, there is no other-than-temporary impairment. If there is a credit loss, other-than-temporary impairment exists, and the credit loss must be recognized in net income and the remaining portion of impairment must be recognized in other comprehensive income. For equity securities carried at cost, such as restricted securities, impairment is considered to be other-than-temporary based on the Company’s ability and intent to hold the investment until a recovery of fair value. Other-than-temporary impairment of an equity security results in a write-down that must be included in income. The Company regularly reviews each security for other-than-temporary impairment based on criteria that include the extent to which cost exceeds market price, the duration of that market decline, the financial health of and specific prospects for the issuer, the best estimate of the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from debt securities, the Company’s
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intention with regard to holding the security to maturity and the likelihood that the Company would be required to sell the security before recovery.
Core Deposit Intangibles
Acquired intangible assets (such as core deposit intangibles) are recognized separately from goodwill if the benefit of the asset can be sold, transferred, licensed, rented, or exchanged, and amortized over its useful life. The Company amortizes intangible assets arising from branch transactions over their useful life. Core deposit intangibles are subject to a recoverability test based on undiscounted cash flows, and to the impairment recognition and measurement provisions required for other long-lived assets held and used.
Lending Policies
General
In an effort to manage risk, the Bank’s loan policy gives loan amount approval limits to individual loan officers based on their position within the Bank and level of experience. The Management Loan Committee can approve new loans up to their authority. The Board Loan Committee approves all loans which exceed the authority of the Management Loan Committee. The full Board of Directors must approve loans which exceed the authority of the Board Loan Committee, up to the Bank’s legal lending limit. The Board Loan Committee currently consists of four directors, three of which are non-management directors. The Board Loan Committee approves the Bank’s Loan Policy and reviews risk management reports, including watch list reports and concentrations of credit. The Board Loan Committee meets on a monthly basis and the Chairman of the Committee then reports to the Board of Directors.
Residential loan originations are primarily generated by mortgage loan officer solicitations and referrals by real estate professionals and customers. Commercial real estate loan originations are obtained through direct solicitation and additional business from existing customers. All completed loan applications are reviewed by the Bank’s loan officers. As part of the application process, information is obtained concerning the income, financial condition, employment and credit history of the applicant. Loan quality is analyzed based on the Bank’s experience and credit underwriting guidelines depending on the type of loan involved. Real estate collateral is valued by independent appraisers who have been pre-approved by the Board Loan Committee.
As part of the ongoing monitoring of the credit quality of the Bank’s loan portfolio, certain appraisals are analyzed by management or by an outsourced appraisal review specialist throughout the year in order to ensure standards of quality are met. The Company also obtains an independent review of loans within the portfolio on an annual basis to analyze loan risk ratings and validate specific reserves on impaired loans.
In the normal course of business, the Bank makes various commitments and incurs certain contingent liabilities which are disclosed but not reflected in its financial statements, including commitments to extend credit. At June 30, 2017, commitments to extend credit, stand-by letters of credit and rate lock commitments totaled $92.8 million.
Construction and Land Development Lending
The Bank makes local construction loans, including residential and land acquisition and development loans. These loans are secured by the property under construction and the underlying land for which the loan was obtained. The majority of these loans have an average life of approximately one year and re-price monthly as key rates change. Construction lending entails significant additional risks, compared with residential mortgage lending. Construction loans sometimes involve larger loan balances concentrated with single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. Another risk involved in construction lending is the fact that loan funds are advanced upon the security of the land or property under construction, which value is estimated based on the completion of construction. Thus, there is risk associated with failure to complete construction and potential cost overruns. To mitigate the risks associated with construction lending, the Bank generally limits loan amounts to 80% of the appraised value, in addition to analyzing the creditworthiness of its borrowers. The Bank typically obtains a first lien on the property as security for its construction loans, typically requires personal guarantees from the borrower’s principal owners, and typically monitors the progress of the construction project during the draw period.
1-4 Family Residential Real Estate Lending
1-4 family residential lending activity may be generated by Bank loan officer solicitations and referrals by real estate professionals and existing or new bank customers. Loan applications are taken by a Bank loan officer. As part of the application
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process, information is gathered concerning income, employment and credit history of the applicant. Residential mortgage loans generally are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make payments from employment and other income and are secured by real estate whose value tends to be readily ascertainable. In addition to the Bank’s underwriting standards, loan quality may be analyzed based on guidelines issued by a secondary market investor. The valuation of residential collateral is generally provided by independent fee appraisers who have been approved by the Board Loan Committee. In addition to originating fixed rate mortgage loans with the intent to sell to correspondent lenders or broker to wholesale lenders, the Bank originates balloon and other mortgage loans for the portfolio. Depending on the financial goals of the Company, the Bank occasionally originates and retains these loans.
Commercial Real Estate Lending
Commercial real estate loans are secured by various types of commercial real estate typically in the Bank’s market area, including multi-family residential buildings, commercial buildings and offices, hotels, small shopping centers, farms and churches. Commercial real estate loan originations are obtained through direct solicitation of customers and potential customers. The valuation of commercial real estate collateral is provided by independent appraisers who have been approved by the Board Loan Committee. Commercial real estate lending entails significant additional risk, compared with residential mortgage lending. Commercial real estate loans typically involve larger loan balances concentrated with single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. Additionally, the payment experience on loans secured by income producing properties is typically dependent on the successful operation of a business or a real estate project and thus may be subject, to a greater extent, to adverse conditions in the real estate market or in the economy in general. The Bank’s commercial real estate loan underwriting criteria require an examination of debt service coverage ratios, the borrower’s creditworthiness, prior credit history and reputation. The Bank typically requires personal guarantees of the borrowers’ principal owners and considers the valuation of the real estate collateral.
Commercial and Industrial Lending
Commercial and industrial loans generally have a higher degree of risk than loans secured by real estate, but typically have higher yields. Commercial business loans typically are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from cash flow from its business and are secured by business assets, such as accounts receivable, equipment and inventory. As a result, the availability of funds for the repayment of commercial business loans is substantially dependent on the success of the business itself. Furthermore, the collateral for commercial business loans may depreciate over time and generally cannot be appraised with as much reliability as residential real estate.
Consumer Lending
Loans to individual borrowers may be secured or unsecured, and include unsecured consumer loans and lines of credit, automobile loans, deposit account loans and installment and demand loans. These consumer loans may entail greater risk than residential mortgage loans, particularly in the case of consumer loans which are unsecured, such as lines of credit, or secured by rapidly depreciable assets such as automobiles. In such cases, any repossessed collateral for a defaulted consumer loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance as a result of the greater likelihood of damage, loss or depreciation. Consumer loan collections are dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability, and thus are more likely to be adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy. Furthermore, the application of various federal and state laws, including federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount which can be recovered on such loans.
The underwriting standards employed by the Bank for consumer loans include a determination of the applicant’s payment history on other debts and an assessment of ability to meet existing obligations and payments on a proposed loan. The stability of the applicant’s monthly income may be determined by verification of gross monthly income from primary employment, and additionally from any verifiable secondary income. Although creditworthiness of the applicant is of primary consideration, the underwriting process also includes an analysis of the value of the collateral in relation to the proposed loan amount.
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Results of Operations
General
Net interest income represents the primary source of earnings for the Company. Net interest income equals the amount by which interest income on interest-earning assets, predominantly loans and securities, exceeds interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, including deposits, other borrowings, subordinated debt and junior subordinated debt. Changes in the volume and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as their respective yields and rates, are the components that impact the level of net interest income. The net interest margin is calculated by dividing tax-equivalent net interest income by average earning assets. The provision for loan losses, noninterest income and noninterest expense are the other components that determine net income. Noninterest income and expense primarily consists of income from service charges on deposit accounts, revenue from wealth management services, ATM and check card income, revenue from other customer services, income from bank owned life insurance, general and administrative expenses, amortization expense, and other real estate owned income or expense.
Net Interest Income
Net interest income increased $453 thousand, or 8%, to $6.2 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2017, compared to $5.8 million for the second quarter of 2016. The increase resulted from a higher net interest margin and higher average earning asset balances. Average earning asset balances increased 4%, and the net interest margin increased 11 basis points to 3.73% for the quarter ended June 30, 2017, compared to 3.62% for the same period in 2016. The 11 basis point increase in the net interest margin resulted from a 14 basis point increase in the yield on total earning assets, which was partially offset by a 3 basis point increase in interest expense as a percent of average earning assets. The higher yield on earning assets was primarily attributable to the change in the composition of earning assets, as average loan balances increased to 73% of average earning assets for the quarter ended June 30, 2017, compared to 70% of average earning assets for the same period in 2016. The increase in interest expense as a percent of average earning assets was primarily attributable to higher interest rates paid on interest-bearing deposits.
For the six months ended June 30, 2017, net interest income increased $746 thousand, or 6%, to $12.2 million, compared to $11.5 million for the same period in 2016. The increase resulted from a higher net interest margin and higher average earning asset balances. Average earning asset balances increased 4%, and the net interest margin increased 9 basis points to 3.71% for the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to 3.62% for the same period in 2016. The 9 basis point increase in the net interest margin resulted from a 12 basis point increase in the yield on total earning assets, which was partially offset by a 3 basis point increase in interest expense as a percent of average earning assets. The higher yield on earning assets was attributable to the change in the composition of earning assets, as average loan balances increased to 74% of average earning assets for the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to 70% of average earning assets for the same period in 2016. The increase in interest expense as a percent of average earning assets was primarily attributable to higher interest rates paid on interest-bearing deposits.
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The following tables show interest income on earning assets and related average yields as well as interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities and related average rates paid for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):
Average Balances, Income and Expenses, Yields and Rates (Taxable Equivalent Basis)

| Three Months Ended
| June 30, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016
| Average Balance |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Yield/ Rate |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Yield/ Rate
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable | $ | 117,218 |  |  | $ | 634 |  |  | 2.17 | % |  | $ | 133,517 |  |  | $ | 683 |  |  | 2.06 | %
Tax-exempt (1) | 24,745 |  |  | 219 |  |  | 3.55 | % |  | 24,154 |  |  | 215 |  |  | 3.60 | %
Restricted | 1,570 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 5.23 | % |  | 1,559 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 5.45 | %
Total securities | $ | 143,533 |  |  | $ | 874 |  |  | 2.44 | % |  | $ | 159,230 |  |  | $ | 919 |  |  | 2.32 | %
Loans: (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable | $ | 496,013 |  |  | $ | 5,899 |  |  | 4.77 | % |  | $ | 450,878 |  |  | $ | 5,321 |  |  | 4.75 | %
Tax-exempt (1) | 4,945 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 4.23 | % |  | 6,847 |  |  | 74 |  |  | 4.33 | %
Total loans | $ | 500,958 |  |  | $ | 5,951 |  |  | 4.76 | % |  | $ | 457,725 |  |  | $ | 5,395 |  |  | 4.74 | %
Interest-bearing deposits with other institutions | 37,641 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 0.92 | % |  | 37,580 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 0.66 | %
Total earning assets | $ | 682,132 |  |  | $ | 6,911 |  |  | 4.06 | % |  | $ | 654,535 |  |  | $ | 6,376 |  |  | 3.92 | %
Less: allowance for loan losses | (5,408 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (5,548 | ) |  |  |  |
Total non-earning assets | 54,114 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 56,720 |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 730,838 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 705,707 |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest bearing deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Checking | $ | 169,108 |  |  | $ | 167 |  |  | 0.39 | % |  | $ | 152,140 |  |  | $ | 93 |  |  | 0.24 | %
Regular savings | 129,137 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 0.08 | % |  | 125,487 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 0.08 | %
Money market accounts | 59,570 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 0.22 | % |  | 61,884 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 0.17 | %
Time deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
$100,000 and over | 43,011 |  |  | 82 |  |  | 0.76 | % |  | 45,313 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 0.79 | %
Under $100,000 | 81,424 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 0.48 | % |  | 88,891 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 0.43 | %
Brokered | 550 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 0.10 | % |  | 601 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.45 | %
Total interest-bearing deposits | $ | 482,800 |  |  | $ | 405 |  |  | 0.34 | % |  | $ | 474,316 |  |  | $ | 329 |  |  | 0.28 | %
Federal funds purchased | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.30 | % |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Subordinated debt | 4,937 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 7.28 | % |  | 4,919 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 7.33 | %
Junior subordinated debt | 9,279 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 3.26 | % |  | 9,279 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 2.75 | %
Other borrowings | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | 242 |  |  | — |  |  | — | %
Total interest-bearing liabilities | $ | 497,019 |  |  | $ | 570 |  |  | 0.46 | % |  | $ | 488,759 |  |  | $ | 482 |  |  | 0.40 | %
Non-interest bearing liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Demand deposits | 174,906 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 162,486 |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities | 3,845 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,019 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities | $ | 675,770 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 657,264 |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity | 55,068 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 48,443 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and Shareholders’ equity | $ | 730,838 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 705,707 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income |  |  | $ | 6,341 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,894 |  |  |
Interest rate spread |  |  |  |  | 3.60 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.52 | %
Cost of funds |  |  |  |  | 0.34 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 0.30 | %
Interest expense as a percent of average earning assets |  |  |  |  | 0.33 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 0.30 | %
Net interest margin |  |  |  |  | 3.73 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.62 | %

(1) | Income and yields are reported on a taxable-equivalent basis assuming a federal tax rate of 34%. The tax-equivalent adjustment was $92 thousand and $98 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

(2) | Loans placed on a non-accrual status are reflected in the balances.

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Average Balances, Income and Expenses, Yields and Rates (Taxable Equivalent Basis)

| Six Months Ended
| June 30, 2017 |  | June 30, 2016
| Average Balance |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Yield/ Rate |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Yield/ Rate
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable | $ | 119,375 |  |  | $ | 1,296 |  |  | 2.19 | % |  | $ | 138,221 |  |  | $ | 1,424 |  |  | 2.07 | %
Tax-exempt (1) | 24,677 |  |  | 436 |  |  | 3.56 | % |  | 24,651 |  |  | 438 |  |  | 3.58 | %
Restricted | 1,560 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 5.31 | % |  | 1,570 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 5.09 | %
Total securities | $ | 145,612 |  |  | $ | 1,773 |  |  | 2.46 | % |  | $ | 164,442 |  |  | $ | 1,902 |  |  | 2.33 | %
Loans: (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable | $ | 490,797 |  |  | $ | 11,508 |  |  | 4.73 | % |  | $ | 445,205 |  |  | $ | 10,508 |  |  | 4.75 | %
Tax-exempt (1) | 5,138 |  |  | 108 |  |  | 4.24 | % |  | 6,880 |  |  | 148 |  |  | 4.33 | %
Total loans | $ | 495,935 |  |  | $ | 11,616 |  |  | 4.72 | % |  | $ | 452,085 |  |  | $ | 10,656 |  |  | 4.74 | %
Federal funds sold | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — | %
Interest-bearing deposits with other institutions | 33,152 |  |  | 147 |  |  | 0.89 | % |  | 32,418 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 0.68 | %
Total earning assets | $ | 674,699 |  |  | $ | 13,536 |  |  | 4.05 | % |  | $ | 648,946 |  |  | $ | 12,668 |  |  | 3.93 | %
Less: allowance for loan losses | (5,389 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (5,536 | ) |  |  |  |
Total non-earning assets | 53,510 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 56,326 |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 722,820 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 699,736 |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest bearing deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Checking | $ | 163,442 |  |  | $ | 316 |  |  | 0.39 | % |  | $ | 148,829 |  |  | $ | 177 |  |  | 0.24 | %
Regular savings | 128,967 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 0.08 | % |  | 124,761 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 0.08 | %
Money market accounts | 60,666 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 0.21 | % |  | 60,164 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 0.17 | %
Time deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
$100,000 and over | 43,892 |  |  | 166 |  |  | 0.76 | % |  | 46,913 |  |  | 197 |  |  | 0.84 | %
Under $100,000 | 81,941 |  |  | 191 |  |  | 0.47 | % |  | 89,659 |  |  | 185 |  |  | 0.42 | %
Brokered | 583 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 0.50 | % |  | 601 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 0.45 | %
Total interest-bearing deposits | $ | 479,491 |  |  | $ | 788 |  |  | 0.33 | % |  | $ | 470,927 |  |  | $ | 662 |  |  | 0.28 | %
Federal funds purchased | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.22 | % |  | 673 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1.03 | %
Subordinated debt | 4,934 |  |  | 178 |  |  | 7.29 | % |  | 4,917 |  |  | 179 |  |  | 7.33 | %
Junior subordinated debt | 9,279 |  |  | 144 |  |  | 3.12 | % |  | 9,279 |  |  | 125 |  |  | 2.71 | %
Other borrowings | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | 2,236 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 0.44 | %
Total interest-bearing liabilities | $ | 493,706 |  |  | $ | 1,110 |  |  | 0.45 | % |  | $ | 488,032 |  |  | $ | 974 |  |  | 0.40 | %
Non-interest bearing liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Demand deposits | 171,029 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 158,108 |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities | 3,967 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,834 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities | $ | 668,702 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 651,974 |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity | 54,118 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 47,762 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and Shareholders’ equity | $ | 722,820 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 699,736 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income |  |  | $ | 12,426 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 11,694 |  |  |
Interest rate spread |  |  |  |  | 3.60 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.53 | %
Cost of funds |  |  |  |  | 0.34 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 0.30 | %
Interest expense as a percent of average earning assets |  |  |  |  | 0.33 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 0.30 | %
Net interest margin |  |  |  |  | 3.71 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.62 | %

(1) | Income and yields are reported on a taxable-equivalent basis assuming a federal tax rate of 34%. The tax-equivalent adjustment was $185 thousand and $199 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

(2) | Loans placed on a non-accrual status are reflected in the balances.

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Provision for Loan Losses
The Bank did not record a provision for loan losses during the second quarter of 2017 or 2016, which resulted in a total allowance for loan losses of $5.4 million, or 1.08% of total loans, at June 30, 2017. This compared to an allowance for loan losses of $5.3 million, or 1.09% of total loans, at December 31, 2016, and $5.7 million, or 1.23% of total loans, at June 30, 2016. Although no provision expense was required, there were notable changes among the individual loan classes. The $123 thousand increase in the allowance for loan losses during the first six months of 2017 resulted primarily from a $302 thousand increase in the allowance for loan losses allocated to the consumer and other loans portfolio, which was partially offset by a $147 thousand decrease in the allowance for loan losses allocated to the 1-4 family residential loan portfolio. The increase in the allocation to the consumer and other loans portfolio resulted from higher historical loss rates and increases in loan balances. Consumer and other loan balances increased primarily from purchases of consumer loans at their origination at par value. Purchased consumer loans totaled $3.9 million at June 30, 2017. The decrease in the allocation to the 1-4 family residential loan portfolio resulted from a decrease in historical loss rates and an improvement in the qualitative adjustment factors for improved economic conditions.
The Bank did not record a provision for loan losses during the quarter as a decrease in the general reserve component of the allowance for loan losses was offset by an increase in the specific reserve component. The decrease in the general component of the allowance for loan loss during the quarter resulted primarily from an improvement in the qualitative adjustment factors for improved economic conditions. The specific reserve component increased during the quarter primarily from the addition of a newly identified impaired loan for which a specific reserve was calculated. Net charge-offs totaled $7 thousand for the second quarter of 2017 compared to $214 thousand of net recoveries for the same period in 2016.
For the six months ended June 30, 2017 or 2016, the Bank did not record a provision for loan losses. During 2017, increases in the general and specific reserve components of the allowance for loan losses were offset by net recoveries on loans charged off in prior periods. Net recoveries totaled $123 thousand for the first six months of 2017 compared to $210 thousand of net recoveries for the same period of 2016. The increase in the general reserve resulted primarily from the impact of $17.8 million of loan growth during the first six months of 2017. The impact of loan growth on the general reserve was partially offset by improvements in the historical loss rate of the loan portfolio and qualitative adjustment factors. Improvements in qualitative adjustment factors resulted from improved asset quality in the 1-4 Family Residential, Other Real Estate, and Commercial and Industrial loan classes, as evidenced by lower substandard and past due loan amounts included in these respective classes, and improved economic conditions. The specific reserve component increased primarily from the addition of a newly identified impaired loan for which a specific reserve was calculated.
Noninterest Income
Noninterest income decreased $134 thousand, or 6%, to $2.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017, compared to $2.1 million for the same period in 2016. The decrease in noninterest income was primarily attributable to a $179 thousand, or 20%, decrease in service charges on deposit accounts, which was a result of a lower number of customer overdrafts when comparing the periods. The decrease in service charges on deposit accounts was partially offset by a $21 thousand increase in wealth management fees.
For the six months ended June 30, 2017, noninterest income decreased $136 thousand, or 3%, to $3.9 million, compared to $4.1 million for the same period in 2016. The decrease in noninterest income was primarily attributable to a $204 thousand, or 12%, decrease in service charges on deposit accounts, which was a result of a lower number of customer overdrafts when comparing the periods. The decrease in service charges on deposit accounts was partially offset by a $32 thousand increase in wealth management fees and a $25 thousand increase in ATM and check card fees.
Noninterest Expense
Noninterest expense decreased $178 thousand, or 3%, to $5.7 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2017, compared to $5.9 million for the same period in 2016. The decrease in noninterest expense was primarily attributable to a $293 thousand decrease in salaries and employee benefits and a $49 thousand decrease in FDIC assessment, when comparing the periods. These decreases were partially offset by an $89 thousand increase in legal and professional fees and a $53 thousand increase in net other real estate expense. Other real estate owned expense totaled $4 thousand for the quarter ended June 30, 2017, compared to other real estate income of $49 thousand for the same period in 2016.
Salaries and employee benefits decreased $293 thousand primarily from lower salaries and wage expense and insurance expense, which decreased $140 thousand and $61 thousand, respectively. Salaries and wage expense decreased primarily from
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a reduction in the number of employees, which was related to the Company’s efforts to operate more efficiently. Insurance expense decreased as a result of fewer employees and lower health insurance costs. The decrease in FDIC assessment resulted from lower FDIC deposit insurance assessment rates as a result of changes put into effect by the FDIC combined with the Bank's financial condition.
Legal and professional fees increased $89 thousand primarily from increases in consulting expenses and legal fees, when comparing the periods. Consulting expenses increased primarily from an increase in investment advisory expenses for the wealth management department, which resulted from higher assets under management, and legal fees increased primarily from costs associated with the changes to retirement plans, explained below.
For the six months ended June 30, 2017, noninterest expense decreased $544 thousand, or 5%, to $11.5 million, compared to $12.0 million for the same period in 2016. The decrease in noninterest expense was primarily attributable to a $495 thousand decrease in salaries and employee benefits and a $92 thousand decrease in FDIC assessment, when comparing the periods. These decreases were partially offset by a $127 thousand increase in net other real estate expense. Other real estate owned expense totaled $6 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to other real estate income of $121 thousand for the same period in 2016.
Salaries and employee benefits decreased $495 thousand primarily from lower salaries and wage expense, insurance expense, and retirement plan expense, which decreased $224 thousand, $139 thousand, and $53 thousand, respectively. Salaries and wage expense decreased primarily from a reduction in the number of employees, which was related to the Company’s efforts to operate more efficiently. Insurance expense decreased as a result of fewer employees and lower health insurance costs. Retirement plan costs decreased as a result of fewer employees and changes to employee retirement plans. Changes to retirement plans included an amendment to the defined benefit pension plan and the Company’s intention to terminate the plan, which decreased pension expense. The decrease in pension expense was partially offset by an increase in the amount of employer contributions to the Company’s 401(k) defined contribution plan. The decrease in FDIC assessment resulted from lower FDIC deposit insurance assessment rates as a result of the changes put into effect by the FDIC combined with the Bank's financial condition.
Income Taxes
The Company’s income tax provision differed from the amount of income tax determined by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate to pretax income for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. The difference was a result of net permanent tax deductions, primarily comprised of tax-exempt interest income. A more detailed discussion of the Company’s tax calculation is contained in Note 11 of the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Financial Condition
General
Total assets increased by $19.7 million to $735.7 million at June 30, 2017 compared to $716.0 million at December 31, 2016. The increase was primarily attributable to an $17.6 million increase in net loans and a $10.0 million increase in interest-bearing deposits in banks, when comparing the periods. The increases in net loans and interest-bearing deposits in banks were partially offset by a $7.6 million decrease in securities since December 31, 2016.
Total deposits increased by $16.3 million to $661.8 million at June 30, 2017 compared to $645.6 million at December 31, 2016. Noninterest-bearing demand deposits and savings and interest-bearing deposits increased $8.7 million and $13.1 million, respectively, when comparing the periods. These increases were partially offset by a $5.5 million decrease in time deposits since December 31, 2016.
Loans
Loans, net of the allowance for loan losses, increased $17.6 million, or 4% to $498.4 million at June 30, 2017, compared to $480.7 million at December 31, 2016. Growth of the loan portfolio was led by residential real estate loans with balances that increased $6.4 million during the first six months of 2017, followed by other real estate loans with balances that increased by $4.5 million.
The Company, through its banking subsidiary, grants mortgage, commercial and consumer loans to customers. The Bank segments its loan portfolio into real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans, and consumer and other loans. Real estate loans are further divided into the following classes: Construction and Land Development; 1-4 Family Residential; and Other Real Estate Loans. Descriptions of the Company’s loan classes are as follows:
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Real Estate Loans – Construction and Land Development: The Company originates construction loans for the acquisition and development of land and construction of condominiums, townhomes, and one-to-four family residences.
Real Estate Loans – 1-4 Family: This class of loans includes loans secured by one-to-four family homes. In addition to traditional residential mortgage loans secured by a first or junior lien on the property, the Bank offers home equity lines of credit.
Real Estate Loans – Other: This loan class consists primarily of loans secured by various types of commercial real estate typically in the Bank’s market area, including multi-family residential buildings, commercial buildings and offices, hotels, small shopping centers, farms and churches.
Commercial and Industrial Loans: Commercial loans are typically secured with non-real estate commercial property. The Company makes commercial loans primarily to businesses located within its market area.
Consumer and Other Loans: Consumer loans include all loans made to individuals for consumer or personal purposes. They include new and used automobile loans, unsecured loans and lines of credit.
A substantial portion of the loan portfolio is represented by residential and commercial loans secured by real estate throughout the Shenandoah Valley region of Virginia. The ability of the Bank’s debtors to honor their contracts may be impacted by the real estate and general economic conditions in this area.
Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off generally are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balances less the allowance for loan losses and any deferred fees or costs on originated loans. Interest income is accrued and credited to income based on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain origination costs, are deferred and recognized as an adjustment of the related loan yield using the interest method.
A loan’s past due status is based on the contractual due date of the most delinquent payment due. Loans are generally placed on non-accrual status when the collection of principal or interest is 90 days or more past due, or earlier, if collection is uncertain based on an evaluation of the net realizable value of the collateral and the financial strength of the borrower. Loans greater than 90 days past due may remain on accrual status if management determines it has adequate collateral to cover the principal and interest. Loans greater than 90 days past due and still accruing totaled $151 thousand at June 30, 2017, compared to $116 thousand at December 31, 2016. For those loans that are carried on non-accrual status, payments are first applied to principal outstanding. A loan may be returned to accrual status if the borrower has demonstrated a sustained period of repayment performance in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan and there is reasonable assurance the borrower will continue to make payments as agreed. These policies are applied consistently across the loan portfolio.
All interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on non-accrual or charged off is reversed against interest income. The interest on these loans is accounted for on the cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. When a loan is returned to accrual status, interest income is recognized based on the new effective yield to maturity of the loan.
Any unsecured loan that is deemed uncollectible is charged-off in full. Any secured loan that is considered by management to be uncollectible is partially charged-off and carried at the fair value of the collateral less estimated selling costs. This charge-off policy applies to all loan segments.
Impaired Loans
A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value (net of selling costs), and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Additionally, management generally evaluates substandard and doubtful loans greater than $250 thousand for impairment. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable market price, or the fair market value of the collateral, net of selling costs, if the loan is collateral dependent. Large groups of
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smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Company typically does not separately identify individual consumer, residential and certain small commercial loans that are less than $250 thousand for impairment disclosures, except for troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) as noted below. The recorded investment in impaired loans totaled $4.8 million and $4.9 million at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDR)
In situations where, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial condition, management grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider, the related loan is classified as a TDR. TDRs are considered impaired loans. Upon designation as a TDR, the Company evaluates the borrower’s payment history, past due status and ability to make payments based on the revised terms of the loan. If a loan was accruing prior to being modified as a TDR and if the Company concludes that the borrower is able to make such payments, and there are no other factors or circumstances that would cause it to conclude otherwise, the loan will remain on an accruing status. If a loan was on non-accrual status at the time of the TDR, the loan will remain on non-accrual status following the modification and may be returned to accrual status based on the policy for returning loans to accrual status as noted above. There were $375 thousand and $460 thousand in loans classified as TDRs as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
Asset Quality
Management classifies non-performing assets as non-accrual loans and other real estate owned (OREO). OREO represents real property taken by the Bank when its customers do not meet the contractual obligation of their loans, either through foreclosure or through a deed in lieu thereof from the borrower and properties originally acquired for branch expansion but no longer intended to be used for that purpose. OREO is recorded at the lower of cost or fair value, less estimated selling costs, and is marketed by the Bank through brokerage channels. The Bank’s OREO totaled $250 thousand at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. There was not a valuation allowance for other real estate owned at June 30, 2017 or December 31, 2016.
Non-performing assets totaled $2.2 million at June 30, 2017 and $1.8 million at December 31, 2016, representing 0.29% and 0.25% of total assets, respectively. Non-performing assets included $1.9 million in non-accrual loans and $250 thousand in OREO at June 30, 2017. This compares to $1.5 million in non-accrual loans and $250 thousand in OREO, net of the valuation allowance at December 31, 2016.
At June 30, 2017, 34% of non-performing assets related to construction and land development loans, 33% related to residential real estate loans, 21% related to commercial real estate loans, and 12% related to properties originally used for branch operations which are no longer used for that purpose. Non-performing assets could increase due to other loans identified by management as potential problem loans. Other potential problem loans are defined as performing loans that possess certain risks, including the borrower’s ability to pay and the collateral value securing the loan, that management has identified that may result in the loans not being repaid in accordance with their terms. Other potential problem loans totaled $9.3 million and $8.1 million at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The amount of other potential problem loans in future periods may be dependent on economic conditions and other factors influencing our customers’ ability to meet their debt requirements.
Loans greater than 90 days past due and still accruing totaled $151 thousand at June 30, 2017, which was comprised of two loans expected to pay all principal and interest amounts contractually due to the Bank. There were $116 thousand of loans greater than 90 days past due and still accruing at December 31, 2016.
The allowance for loan losses represents management’s analysis of the existing loan portfolio and related credit risks. The provision for loan losses is based upon management’s current estimate of the amount required to maintain an adequate allowance for loan losses reflective of the risks in the loan portfolio. The allowance for loan losses totaled $5.4 million at June 30, 2017 and $5.3 million at December 31, 2016, representing 1.08% and 1.09% of total loans, respectively. For further discussion regarding the increase in the allowance for loan losses, see “Provision for Loan Losses” above.
Recoveries of loan losses of $360 thousand, $115 thousand, and $12 thousand were recorded in the 1-4 Family Residential, Other Real Estate, and Commercial and Industrial loan classes, respectively, during the six month period ended June 30, 2017. The recoveries of loan losses in the 1-4 Family Residential and Commercial and Industrial loan classes resulted from net recoveries of loans charged-off in prior periods and improvements in the historical loss rate and qualitative adjustment factors. The recovery of loan losses in the Other Real Estate loan class resulted from net recoveries of loans charged-off in prior periods and improvements in the qualitative adjustment factors. Improvements in qualitative adjustment factors for the 1-4 Family Residential, Other Real Estate, and Commercial and Industrial loan classes resulted from improving asset quality and economic conditions. These recoveries were offset by provision for loan losses experienced in the Construction and Land Development and Consumer and Other loan classes. The provision for loan losses in the Construction and Land Development and Consumer
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and Other loan classes resulted primarily from an increase in the general reserve requirement due to growth in the loan portfolio and worsened historical loss rates.
Impaired loans totaled $4.8 million and $4.9 million at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The related allowance for loan losses provided for these loans totaled $57 thousand and $37 thousand at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The average recorded investment in impaired loans during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and the year ended December 31, 2016 was $4.7 million and $7.0 million, respectively. Included in the impaired loans total are loans classified as TDRs totaling $375 thousand and $460 thousand at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Loans classified as TDRs represent situations in which a modification to the contractual interest rate or repayment structure has been granted to address a financial hardship. As of June 30, 2017, $291 thousand of these TDRs were performing under the restructured terms and were not considered non-performing assets.
Management believes, based upon its review and analysis, that the Bank has sufficient reserves to cover losses inherent within the loan portfolio. For each period presented, the provision for loan losses charged to expense was based on management’s judgment after taking into consideration all factors connected with the collectability of the existing portfolio. Management considers economic conditions, historical loss factors, past due percentages, internally generated loan quality reports and other relevant factors when evaluating the loan portfolio. There can be no assurance, however, that an additional provision for loan losses will not be required in the future, including as a result of changes in the qualitative factors underlying management’s estimates and judgments, adverse developments in the economy, on a national basis or in the Company’s market area, loan growth, or changes in the circumstances of particular borrowers. For further discussion regarding the allowance for loan losses, see “Critical Accounting Policies” above.
Securities
The securities portfolio plays a primary role in the management of the Company’s interest rate sensitivity and serves as a source of liquidity. The portfolio is used as needed to meet collateral requirements, such as those related to secure public deposits and balances with the Reserve Bank. The investment portfolio consists of held to maturity, available for sale, and restricted securities. Securities are classified as available for sale or held to maturity based on the Company’s investment strategy and management’s assessment of the intent and ability to hold the securities until maturity. Management determines the appropriate classification of securities at the time of purchase. If management has the intent and the Company has the ability at the time of purchase to hold the investment securities to maturity, they are classified as investment securities held to maturity and are stated at amortized cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts using the interest method. Investment securities which the Company may not hold to maturity are classified as investment securities available for sale, as management has the intent and ability to hold such investment securities for an indefinite period of time, but not necessarily to maturity. Securities available for sale may be sold in response to changes in market interest rates, changes in prepayment risk, increases in loan demand, general liquidity needs and other similar factors and are carried at estimated fair value. Restricted securities, including Federal Home Loan Bank, Federal Reserve Bank, and Community Bankers’ Bank stock, are generally viewed as long-term investments because there is minimal market for the stock and are carried at cost.
Securities at June 30, 2017 totaled $142.1 million, a decrease of $7.6 million or 5% from $149.7 million at December 31, 2016. The investment portfolio decreased during the first six months of 2017 as loan growth was partially funded by cash flow received from the securities portfolio. Investment securities are comprised of U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities, obligations of state and political subdivisions, corporate equity securities, corporate debt securities, and restricted securities. As of June 30, 2017, neither the Company nor the Bank held any derivative financial instruments in their respective investment security portfolios. Gross unrealized gains in the available for sale portfolio totaled $550 thousand and $333 thousand at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Gross unrealized losses in the available for sale portfolio totaled $697 thousand and $1.6 million at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Gross unrealized gains in the held to maturity portfolio totaled $387 thousand and $19 thousand at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Gross unrealized losses in the held to maturity portfolio totaled $210 thousand and $708 thousand at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Investments in an unrealized loss position were considered temporarily impaired at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. The change in the unrealized gains and losses of investment securities from December 31, 2016 to June 30, 2017 was related to changes in market interest rates and was not related to credit concerns of the issuers.
Deposits
At June 30, 2017, deposits totaled $661.8 million, an increase of $16.3 million, from $645.6 million at December 31, 2016. There was not a significant change in the deposit mix when comparing the periods. At June 30, 2017, noninterest-bearing demand deposits, savings and interest-bearing demand deposits, and time deposits composed 27%, 55%, and 18% of total deposits, respectively, compared to 26%, 54%, and 20% at December 31, 2016.
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Liquidity
Liquidity represents the ability to meet present and future financial obligations through either the sale or maturity of existing assets or with borrowings from correspondent banks or other deposit markets. The Company classifies cash, interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing deposits with banks, federal funds sold, investment securities and loans maturing within one year as liquid assets. As part of the Bank’s liquidity risk management, stress tests and cash flow modeling are performed quarterly.
As a result of the Bank’s management of liquid assets and the ability to generate liquidity through liability funding, management believes that the Bank maintains overall liquidity sufficient to satisfy its depositors’ requirements and to meet its customers’ borrowing needs.
At June 30, 2017, cash, interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing deposits with banks, securities and loans maturing within one year totaled $122.9 million. At June 30, 2017, 14% or $70.1 million of the loan portfolio matures within one year. Non-deposit sources of available funds totaled $123.1 million at June 30, 2017, which included $72.8 million available from Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (FHLB), $42.0 million of unsecured federal funds lines of credit with other correspondent banks and $8.3 million available through the Federal Reserve Discount Window.
Capital Resources
The adequacy of the Company’s capital is reviewed by management on an ongoing basis with reference to the size, composition, and quality of the Company’s asset and liability levels and consistent with regulatory requirements and industry standards. Management seeks to maintain a capital structure that will assure an adequate level of capital to support anticipated asset growth and absorb potential losses. The Company meets eligibility criteria of a small bank holding company in accordance with the Federal Reserve Board’s Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement issued in February 2015, and is no longer obligated to report consolidated regulatory capital.
In July 2013, the U.S. banking regulators adopted a final rule which implements the Basel III regulatory capital reforms from the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, and certain changes required by the Dodd-Frank Act. The final rule established an integrated regulatory capital framework and introduces the “Standardized Approach” for risk-weighted assets, which replaced the Basel I risk-based guidance for determining risk-weighted assets as of January 1, 2015, the date the Bank became subject to the new rules. Based on the Bank’s current capital composition and levels, the Bank believes it is in compliance with the requirements as set forth in the final rules.
The rules included new risk-based capital and leverage ratios, which are being phased in from 2015 to 2019, and refined the definition of what constitutes “capital” for purposes of calculating those ratios. The new minimum capital level requirements applicable to the Bank under the final rules were as follows: a new common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5%; a Tier 1 capital ratio of 6% (increased from 4%); a total capital ratio of 8% (unchanged from previous rules); and a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4% for all institutions. The final rules also established a “capital conservation buffer” above the new regulatory minimum capital requirements. The capital conservation buffer is being phased-in over four years, which began on January 1, 2016, as follows: the maximum buffer was 0.625% of risk-weighted assets for 2016, is 1.25% for 2017, and will be 1.875% for 2018, and 2.5% for 2019 and thereafter. This will result in the following minimum ratios beginning in 2019: a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 7.0%, a Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5%, and a total capital ratio of 10.5%. Under the final rules, institutions are subject to limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses if its capital level falls below the buffer amount. These limitations establish a maximum percentage of eligible retained income that could be utilized for such actions. Management believes, as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, that the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which it is subject, including the capital conservation buffer.
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The following table shows the Bank’s regulatory capital ratios at June 30, 2017:

| First Bank
Total capital to risk-weighted assets | 13.82 | %
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets | 12.73 | %
Common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets | 12.73 | %
Tier 1 capital to average assets | 8.76 | %
Capital conservation buffer ratio(1) | 5.82 | %

(1) | Calculated by subtracting the regulatory minimum capital ratio requirements from the Company’s actual ratio for Common equity Tier 1, Tier 1, and Total risk based capital. The lowest of the three measures represents the Bank’s capital conservation buffer ratio.

The final rules also contain revisions to the prompt corrective action framework, which is designed to place restrictions on insured depository institutions if their capital levels begin to show signs of weakness. Under the prompt corrective action requirements, which are designed to complement the capital conservation buffer, insured depository institutions are now required to meet the following increased capital level requirements in order to qualify as “well capitalized:” a new common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.5%; a Tier 1 capital ratio of 8% (increased from 6%); a total capital ratio of 10% (unchanged from previous rules); and a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 5% (unchanged from previous rules).
Contractual Obligations
There have been no material changes outside the ordinary course of business to the contractual obligations disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The Company, through the Bank, is a party to credit related financial instruments with risk not reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit and commercial letters of credit. Such commitments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. The Bank’s exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amount of these commitments. The Bank follows the same credit policies in making commitments as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.
Commitments to extend credit, which amounted to $77.6 million at June 30, 2017, and $71.4 million at December 31, 2016, are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. The commitments for lines of credit may expire without being drawn upon. Therefore, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The amount of collateral obtained, if it is deemed necessary by the Bank, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer.
Unfunded commitments under commercial lines of credit, revolving credit lines and overdraft protection agreements are commitments for possible future extensions of credit to existing customers. These lines of credit are collateralized as deemed necessary and usually do not contain a specified maturity date and may or may not be drawn upon to the total extent to which the Bank is committed.
Commercial and standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Bank to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those letters of credit are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements. Essentially all letters of credit issued have expiration dates within one year. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. The Bank generally holds collateral supporting those commitments if deemed necessary. At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Bank had $11.0 million and $9.0 million in outstanding standby letters of credit, respectively.
At June 30, 2017, the Bank had $4.2 million in locked-rate commitments to originate mortgage loans. Risks arise from the possible inability of counterparties to meet the terms of their contracts. The Bank does not expect any counterparty to fail to meet its obligations.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Not required.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to provide assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods required by the SEC and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. An evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2017 was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based on and as of the date of such evaluation, the aforementioned officers concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
The Company’s management is also responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation of it that occurred during the Company’s last fiscal quarter that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting.
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
There are no material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to the Company’s business, to which the Company is a party or to which the property of the Company is subject.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There were no material changes to the Company’s risk factors as disclosed in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None
Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities
None
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None
Item 5. Other Information
None
Item 6. Exhibits
The following documents are attached hereto as Exhibits:
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31.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer, Section 302 Certification
31.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer, Section 302 Certification
32.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
32.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
101 |  | The following materials from First National Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017 formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

FIRST NATIONAL CORPORATION |  |  |  |
(Registrant) |  |  |  |
/s/ Scott C. Harvard |  |  |  | August 11, 2017
Scott C. Harvard |  |  |  | Date
President and Chief Executive Officer |  |  |  |
/s/ M. Shane Bell |  |  |  | August 11, 2017
M. Shane Bell |  |  |  | Date
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |  |  |  |

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Number | Document
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer, Section 302 Certification
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer, Section 302 Certification
32.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
32.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
101 | The following materials from First National Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017 formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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